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Saba L, Loewe C, Weikert T, Williams MC, Galea N, Budde RPJ, Vliegenthart R, Velthuis BK, Francone M, Bremerich J, Natale L, Nikolaou K, Dacher JN, Peebles C, Caobelli F, Redheuil A, Dewey M, Kreitner KF, Salgado R. State-of-the-art CT and MR imaging and assessment of atherosclerotic carotid artery disease: standardization of scanning protocols and measurements-a consensus document by the European Society of Cardiovascular Radiology (ESCR). Eur Radiol 2023; 33:1063-1087. [PMID: 36194267 PMCID: PMC9889495 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-022-09024-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The European Society of Cardiovascular Radiology (ESCR) is the European specialist society of cardiac and vascular imaging. This society's highest priority is the continuous improvement, development, and standardization of education, training, and best medical practice, based on experience and evidence. The present intra-society consensus is based on the existing scientific evidence and on the individual experience of the members of the ESCR writing group on carotid diseases, the members of the ESCR guidelines committee, and the members of the executive committee of the ESCR. The recommendations published herein reflect the evidence-based society opinion of ESCR. We have produced a twin-papers consensus, indicated through the documents as respectively "Part I" and "Part II." The first document (Part I) begins with a discussion of features, role, indications, and evidence for CT and MR imaging-based diagnosis of carotid artery disease for risk stratification and prediction of stroke (Section I). It then provides an extensive overview and insight into imaging-derived biomarkers and their potential use in risk stratification (Section II). Finally, detailed recommendations about optimized imaging technique and imaging strategies are summarized (Section III). The second part of this consensus paper (Part II) is focused on structured reporting of carotid imaging studies with CT/MR. KEY POINTS: • CT and MR imaging-based evaluation of carotid artery disease provides essential information for risk stratification and prediction of stroke. • Imaging-derived biomarkers and their potential use in risk stratification are evolving; their correct interpretation and use in clinical practice must be well-understood. • A correct imaging strategy and scan protocol will produce the best possible results for disease evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Saba
- Department of Radiology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Christian Loewe
- Division of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Weikert
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michelle C Williams
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH164SB, UK
- Edinburgh Imaging Facility QMRI, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nicola Galea
- Policlinico Umberto I, Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ricardo P J Budde
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rozemarijn Vliegenthart
- Department of Radiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Birgitta K Velthuis
- Department of Radiology, Utrecht University Medical Center, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Francone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089, Milan, Italy
| | - Jens Bremerich
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luigi Natale
- Department of Radiological Sciences - Institute of Radiology, Catholic University of Rome, "A. Gemelli" University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Konstantin Nikolaou
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jean-Nicolas Dacher
- Department of Radiology, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096 - Rouen University Hospital, F 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Charles Peebles
- Department of Cardiothoracic Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Federico Caobelli
- University Clinic of Nuclear Medicine Inselspital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alban Redheuil
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic, Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Institute of Cardiology, APHP, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM 1146, CNRS 7371, Paris, France
| | - Marc Dewey
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karl-Friedrich Kreitner
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center, Mainz; Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Rodrigo Salgado
- Department of Radiology, Antwerp University Hospital & Antwerp University, Holy Heart Lier, Belgium.
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High-resolution MR vessel wall imaging in determining the stroke aetiology and risk stratification in isolated middle cerebral artery disease. Neuroradiology 2022; 64:1569-1577. [PMID: 35112218 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-021-02891-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE High-resolution MR vessel wall imaging (HRVWI) can characterise vessel wall pathology affecting intracranial circulation and helps in differentiating intracranial vasculopathies. The aim was to differentiate intracranial pathologies involving middle cerebral artery (MCA) in patients with ischemic stroke and characterise the high-risk plaques in intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) using HRVWI. METHODS Patients with ischemic stroke with isolated MCA disease with ≥ 50% luminal narrowing by vascular imaging were enrolled within 2 weeks of onset and underwent high-resolution (3 T) intracranial vessel wall imaging (VWI). The pattern of vessel wall thickening, high signal on T1-weighted images, juxtaluminal hyperintensity, pattern and grade of enhancement were studied. The TOAST classification before and after HRVWI and the correlation of the recurrence of ischemic events at 3 months with imaging characteristics were analysed. RESULTS Of the 36 patients, the mean age was 49.53 ± 15.61 years. After luminal imaging, by TOAST classification, 12 of 36 patients had stroke of undetermined aetiology. After vessel wall imaging, lesions in MCA were analysed. Of them, 23 patients had ICAD, 8 had vasculitis, and 2 had partially occlusive thrombus in MCA. The ability of HRVWI to bring a change in diagnosis was significant (p = 0.031). Of the 23 patients with ICAD, 12 patients had recurrent strokes within 3 months. The presence of grade 2 contrast enhancement (p = 0.02) and type 2 wall thickening (p = 0.03) showed a statistically significant association with recurrent ischemic events. CONCLUSION High-resolution MRVWI can help in identifying the aetiology of stroke. The HRVWI characteristics in ICAD can help in risk stratification.
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Wu Z, Bilgic B, He H, Tong Q, Sun Y, Du Y, Setsompop K, Zhong J. Wave-CAIPI ViSTa: highly accelerated whole-brain direct myelin water imaging with zero-padding reconstruction. Magn Reson Med 2018; 80:1061-1073. [PMID: 29388254 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Center for Brain Imaging Science and Technology, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrumental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Berkin Bilgic
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hongjian He
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Center for Brain Imaging Science and Technology, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrumental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiqi Tong
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Center for Brain Imaging Science and Technology, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrumental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Sun
- MR Collaboration NE Asia, Siemens Healthcare, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiping Du
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kawin Setsompop
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jianhui Zhong
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Center for Brain Imaging Science and Technology, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrumental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Center for Innovative and Collaborative Detection and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester, New York, USA
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Mooiweer R, Sbrizzi A, El Aidi H, Eikendal ALM, Raaijmakers A, Visser F, van den Berg CAT, Leiner T, Luijten PR, Hoogduin H. Fast 3D isotropic imaging of the aortic vessel wall by application of 2D spatially selective excitation and a new way of inversion recovery for black blood imaging. Magn Reson Med 2015; 75:547-55. [PMID: 25761646 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Aortic vessel wall imaging requires large coverage and a high spatial resolution, which makes it prohibitively time-consuming for clinical use. This work explores the feasibility of imaging the descending aorta in acceptable scan time, using two-dimensional (2D) spatially selective excitation and a new way of inversion recovery for black blood imaging. METHODS The excitation pattern and field of view in a 3D gradient echo sequence are reduced in two dimensions, following the aorta's anisotropic geometry. Black blood contrast is obtained by partially inverting the blood's magnetization in the heart at the start of the cardiac cycle. Imaging is delayed until the inverted blood has filled the desired part of the aorta. The flip angle and delay are determined such that the blood signal is nulled upon arrival in the aorta. RESULTS Experiments on eight volunteers showed that the descending aortic vessel wall could be imaged over more than 15 cm at a maximal resolution of 1.5 × 1.5 × 1.5 mm(3) in less than 5 min minimal scan time. CONCLUSION This feasibility study demonstrates that time-efficient isotropic imaging of the descending aorta is possible by using 2D spatially selective excitation for motion artifact reduction and a new way of inversion recovery for black blood imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Mooiweer
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alessandro Sbrizzi
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hamza El Aidi
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk L M Eikendal
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Raaijmakers
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiotherapy, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Fredy Visser
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Philips Healthcare, Best, The Netherlands
| | | | - Tim Leiner
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter R Luijten
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Hoogduin
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Symptomatic unruptured isolated middle cerebral artery dissection: clinical and magnetic resonance imaging features. Clin Neuroradiol 2014; 26:81-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s00062-014-0337-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Dyverfeldt P, Deshpande VS, Kober T, Krueger G, Saloner D. Reduction of motion artifacts in carotid MRI using free-induction decay navigators. J Magn Reson Imaging 2013; 40:214-20. [PMID: 24677562 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a framework for prospective free-induction decay (FID)-based navigator gating for suppression of motion artifacts in carotid magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to assess its capability in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS An FID-navigator, comprising a spatially selective low flip-angle sinc-pulse followed by an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) readout, was added to a conventional turbo spin-echo (TSE) sequence. Real-time navigator processing delivered accept/reject-and-reacquire decisions to the sequence. In this Institutional Review Board (IRB)-approved study, seven volunteers were scanned with a 2D T2-weighted TSE sequence. A reference scan with volunteers instructed to minimize motion as well as nongated and gated scans with volunteers instructed to perform different motion tasks were performed in each subject. Multiple image quality measures were employed to quantify the effect of gating. RESULTS There was no significant difference in lumen-to-wall sharpness (2.3 ± 0.3 vs. 2.3 ± 0.4), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) (9.0 ± 2.0 vs. 8.5 ± 2.0), or image quality score (3.1 ± 0.9 vs. 2.6 ± 1.2) between the reference and gated images. For images acquired during motion, all image quality measures were higher (P < 0.05) in the gated compared to nongated images (sharpness: 2.3 ± 0.4 vs. 1.8 ± 0.5, CNR: 8.5 ± 2.0 vs. 7.2 ± 2.0, score: 2.6 ± 1.2 vs. 1.8 ± 1.0). CONCLUSION Artifacts caused by the employed motion tasks deteriorated image quality in the nongated scans. These artifacts were alleviated with the proposed FID-navigator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petter Dyverfeldt
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Srinivasan S, Hu P, Kissinger KV, Goddu B, Goepfert L, Schmidt EJ, Kozerke S, Nezafat R. Free-breathing 3D whole-heart black-blood imaging with motion sensitized driven equilibrium. J Magn Reson Imaging 2012; 36:379-86. [PMID: 22517477 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.23662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the efficacy and robustness of motion sensitized driven equilibrium (MSDE) for blood suppression in volumetric 3D whole-heart cardiac MR. MATERIALS AND METHODS To investigate the efficacy of MSDE on blood suppression and myocardial signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) loss on different imaging sequences, seven healthy adult subjects were imaged using 3D electrocardiogram (ECG)-triggered MSDE-prep T(1) -weighted turbo spin echo (TSE), and spoiled gradient echo (GRE), after optimization of MSDE parameters in a pilot study of five subjects. Imaging artifacts, myocardial and blood SNR were assessed. Subsequently, the feasibility of isotropic spatial resolution MSDE-prep black-blood was assessed in six subjects. Finally, 15 patients with known or suspected cardiovascular disease were recruited to be imaged using a conventional multislice 2D double inversion recovery (DIR) TSE imaging sequence and a 3D MSDE-prep spoiled GRE. RESULTS The MSDE-prep yielded significant blood suppression (75%-92%), enabling a volumetric 3D black-blood assessment of the whole heart with significantly improved visualization of the chamber walls. The MSDE-prep also allowed successful acquisition of black-blood images with isotropic spatial resolution. In the patient study, 3D black-blood MSDE-prep and DIR resulted in similar blood suppression in left ventricle and right ventricle walls but the MSDE-prep had superior myocardial signal and wall sharpness. CONCLUSION MSDE-prep allows volumetric black-blood imaging of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subashini Srinivasan
- Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Division), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Liu W, Balu N, Sun J, Zhao X, Chen H, Yuan C, Zhao H, Xu J, Wang G, Kerwin WS. Segmentation of carotid plaque using multicontrast 3D gradient echo MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging 2011; 35:812-9. [PMID: 22127812 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.22886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the performance of automatic segmentation of atherosclerotic plaque components using solely multicontrast 3D gradient echo (GRE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 15 patients with a history of recent transient ischemic attacks or stroke underwent carotid vessel wall imaging bilaterally with a combination of 2D turbo spin echo (TSE) sequences and 3D GRE sequences. The TSE sequences included T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted scans. The 3D GRE sequences included time-of-flight (TOF), magnetization-prepared rapid gradient echo (MP-RAGE), and motion-sensitized driven equilibrium prepared rapid gradient echo (MERGE) scans. From these images, the previously developed morphology-enhanced probabilistic plaque segmentation (MEPPS) algorithm was retrained based solely on the 3D GRE sequences to segment necrotic core (NC), calcification (CA), and loose matrix (LM). Segmentation performance was assessed using a leave-one-out cross-validation approach via comparing the new 3D-MEPPS algorithm to the original MEPPS algorithm that was based on the traditional multicontrast protocol including 2D TSE and TOF sequences. RESULTS Twenty arteries of 15 subjects were found to exhibit significant plaques within the coverage of all imaging sequences. For these arteries, between new and original MEPPS algorithms, the areas per slice exhibited correlation coefficients of 0.86 for NC, 0.99 for CA, and 0.80 for LM; no significant area bias was observed. CONCLUSION The combination of 3D imaging sequences (TOF, MP-RAGE, and MERGE) can provide sufficient contrast to distinguish NC, CA, and LM. Automatic segmentation using 3D sequences and traditional multicontrast protocol produced highly similar results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Liu
- Biomedical Engineering & Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Noncontrast magnetic resonance angiography of the hand: improved arterial conspicuity by multidirectional flow-sensitive dephasing magnetization preparation in 3D balanced steady-state free precession imaging. Invest Radiol 2011; 46:515-23. [PMID: 21487301 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0b013e318217daee] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE : To develop a flow-sensitive dephasing (FSD) preparative scheme to facilitate multidirectional flow-signal suppression in 3-dimensional balanced steady-state free precession imaging and to validate the feasibility of the refined sequence for noncontrast magnetic resonance angiography (NC-MRA) of the hand. MATERIALS AND METHODS : A new FSD preparative scheme was developed that combines 2 conventional FSD modules. Studies using a flow phantom (gadolinium-doped water 15 cm/s) and the hands of 11 healthy volunteers (6 males and 5 females) were performed to compare the proposed FSD scheme with its conventional counterpart with respect to the signal suppression of multidirectional flow. In 9 of the 11 healthy subjects and 2 patients with suspected vasculitis and documented Raynaud phenomenon, respectively, 3-dimensional balanced steady-state free precession imaging coupled with the new FSD scheme was compared with spatial-resolution-matched (0.94 × 0.94 × 0.94 mm) contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (0.15 mmol/kg gadopentetate dimeglumine) in terms of overall image quality, venous contamination, motion degradation, and arterial conspicuity. RESULTS : The proposed FSD scheme was able to suppress 2-dimensional flow signal in the flow phantom and hands and yielded significantly higher arterial conspicuity scores than the conventional scheme did on NC-MRA at the regions of common digitals and proper digitals. Compared with contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography, the refined NC-MRA technique yielded comparable overall image quality and motion degradation, significantly less venous contamination, and significantly higher arterial conspicuity score at digital arteries. CONCLUSION : The FSD-based NC-MRA technique is improved in the depiction of multidirectional flow by applying a 2-module FSD preparation, which enhances its potential to serve as an alternative magnetic resonance angiography technique for the assessment of hand vascular abnormalities.
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van 't Klooster R, de Koning PJ, Dehnavi RA, Tamsma JT, de Roos A, Reiber JH, van der Geest RJ. Automatic lumen and outer wall segmentation of the carotid artery using deformable three-dimensional models in MR angiography and vessel wall images. J Magn Reson Imaging 2011; 35:156-65. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.22809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Kawaji K, Nguyen TD, Zou Z, Reig B, Winchester PA, Shih A, Spincemaille P, Prince MR, Wang Y. Three-dimensional flow-independent balanced steady-state free precession vessel wall MRI of the popliteal artery: preliminary experience and comparison with flow-dependent black-blood techniques. J Magn Reson Imaging 2011; 34:696-701. [PMID: 21769963 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.22663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the feasibility of flow-independent T2-prepared inversion recovery (T2IR) black-blood (BB) magnetization preparation for three-dimensional (3D) balanced steady-state free precession (SSFP) vessel wall MRI of the popliteal artery, and to evaluate its performance relative to flow-dependent double inversion recovery (DIR), spatial presaturation (SPSAT), and motion-sensitizing magnetization preparation (MSPREP) BB techniques in healthy volunteers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eleven subjects underwent 3D MRI at 1.5 Tesla with four techniques performed in a randomized order. Wall and lumen signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), wall-to-lumen contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), vessel wall area, and lumen area were measured at proximal, middle, and distal locations of the imaged popliteal artery. Image quality scores based on wall visualization and degree of intraluminal artifacts were also obtained. RESULTS In the proximal region, DIR and SPSAT had higher wall SNR and wall-to-lumen CNR than both MSPREP and T2IR. In the middle and distal regions, DIR and SPSAT failed to provide effective blood suppression, whereas MSPREP and T2IR provided adequate black blood contrast with comparable wall-to-lumen CNR and image quality. CONCLUSION The feasibility of 3D SSFP imaging of the popliteal vessel wall using flow-independent T2IR was demonstrated with effective blood suppression and good vessel wall visualization. Although DIR and SPSAT are effective for thin slab imaging, MSPREP and T2IR are better suited for 3D thick slab imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Kawaji
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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Brown R, Karmonik C, Brunner G, Lumsden A, Ballantyne C, Johnson S, Wang Y, Morrisett J. Simultaneous bilateral magnetic resonance imaging of the femoral arteries in peripheral arterial disease patients. J Magn Reson Imaging 2011; 34:150-6. [PMID: 21598344 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.22591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2010] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To image the femoral arteries in peripheral arterial disease (PAD) patients using a bilateral receive coil. MATERIALS AND METHODS An eight-channel surface coil array for bilateral MRI of the femoral arteries at 3T was constructed and evaluated. RESULTS The bilateral array enabled imaging of a 25-cm segment of the superficial femoral arteries (SFA) from the profunda to the popliteal. The array provided improved the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the periphery and similar SNR in the middle of a phantom compared to three other commercially available coils (4-channel torso, quadrature head, whole body). Multicontrast bilateral images of the in vivo SFA with 1 mm in-plane resolution made it possible to directly compare lesions in the index SFA to the corresponding anatomical site in the contralateral vessel without repositioning the patient or coil. A set of bilateral time-of-flight, T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and proton density-weighted images was acquired in a clinically acceptable exam time of ≈45 minutes. CONCLUSION The developed bilateral coil is well suited for monitoring dimensional changes in atherosclerotic lesions of the SFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Brown
- Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
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