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Qin X, Riegler J, Tiburcy M, Zhao X, Chour T, Ndoye B, Nguyen M, Adams J, Ameen M, Denney TS, Yang PC, Nguyen P, Zimmermann WH, Wu JC. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Cardiac Strain Pattern Following Transplantation of Human Tissue Engineered Heart Muscles. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2017; 9:CIRCIMAGING.116.004731. [PMID: 27903535 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.116.004731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of tissue engineering approaches in combination with exogenously produced cardiomyocytes offers the potential to restore contractile function after myocardial injury. However, current techniques assessing changes in global cardiac performance after such treatments are plagued by relatively low detection ability. Since the treatment is locally performed, this detection could be improved by myocardial strain imaging that measures regional contractility. METHODS AND RESULTS Tissue engineered heart muscles (EHMs) were generated by casting human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes with collagen in preformed molds. EHMs were transplanted (n=12) to cover infarct and border zones of recipient rat hearts 1 month after ischemia reperfusion injury. A control group (n=10) received only sham placement of sutures without EHMs. To assess the efficacy of EHMs, magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound-based strain imaging were performed before and 4 weeks after transplantation. In addition to strain imaging, global cardiac performance was estimated from cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Although no significant differences were found for global changes in left ventricular ejection fraction (control -9.6±1.3% versus EHM -6.2±1.9%; P=0.17), regional myocardial strain from tagged magnetic resonance imaging was able to detect preserved systolic function in EHM-treated animals compared with control (control 4.4±1.0% versus EHM 1.0±0.6%; P=0.04). However, ultrasound-based strain failed to detect any significant change (control 2.1±3.0% versus EHM 6.3±2.9%; P=0.46). CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the feasibility of using cardiac strain from tagged magnetic resonance imaging to assess functional changes in rat models following localized regenerative therapies, which may not be detected by conventional measures of global systolic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xulei Qin
- From the Stanford Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, CA (X.Q., J.R., X.Z., T.C., B.N., M.N., J.A., M.A., P.C.Y., P.N., J.C.W.); Auburn University MRI Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, AL (T.S.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, Heart Research Center, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Göttingen, Germany (M.T., W.H.Z.)
| | - Johannes Riegler
- From the Stanford Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, CA (X.Q., J.R., X.Z., T.C., B.N., M.N., J.A., M.A., P.C.Y., P.N., J.C.W.); Auburn University MRI Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, AL (T.S.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, Heart Research Center, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Göttingen, Germany (M.T., W.H.Z.)
| | - Malte Tiburcy
- From the Stanford Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, CA (X.Q., J.R., X.Z., T.C., B.N., M.N., J.A., M.A., P.C.Y., P.N., J.C.W.); Auburn University MRI Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, AL (T.S.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, Heart Research Center, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Göttingen, Germany (M.T., W.H.Z.)
| | - Xin Zhao
- From the Stanford Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, CA (X.Q., J.R., X.Z., T.C., B.N., M.N., J.A., M.A., P.C.Y., P.N., J.C.W.); Auburn University MRI Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, AL (T.S.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, Heart Research Center, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Göttingen, Germany (M.T., W.H.Z.)
| | - Tony Chour
- From the Stanford Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, CA (X.Q., J.R., X.Z., T.C., B.N., M.N., J.A., M.A., P.C.Y., P.N., J.C.W.); Auburn University MRI Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, AL (T.S.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, Heart Research Center, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Göttingen, Germany (M.T., W.H.Z.)
| | - Babacar Ndoye
- From the Stanford Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, CA (X.Q., J.R., X.Z., T.C., B.N., M.N., J.A., M.A., P.C.Y., P.N., J.C.W.); Auburn University MRI Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, AL (T.S.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, Heart Research Center, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Göttingen, Germany (M.T., W.H.Z.)
| | - Michael Nguyen
- From the Stanford Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, CA (X.Q., J.R., X.Z., T.C., B.N., M.N., J.A., M.A., P.C.Y., P.N., J.C.W.); Auburn University MRI Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, AL (T.S.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, Heart Research Center, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Göttingen, Germany (M.T., W.H.Z.)
| | - Jackson Adams
- From the Stanford Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, CA (X.Q., J.R., X.Z., T.C., B.N., M.N., J.A., M.A., P.C.Y., P.N., J.C.W.); Auburn University MRI Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, AL (T.S.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, Heart Research Center, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Göttingen, Germany (M.T., W.H.Z.)
| | - Mohamed Ameen
- From the Stanford Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, CA (X.Q., J.R., X.Z., T.C., B.N., M.N., J.A., M.A., P.C.Y., P.N., J.C.W.); Auburn University MRI Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, AL (T.S.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, Heart Research Center, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Göttingen, Germany (M.T., W.H.Z.)
| | - Thomas S Denney
- From the Stanford Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, CA (X.Q., J.R., X.Z., T.C., B.N., M.N., J.A., M.A., P.C.Y., P.N., J.C.W.); Auburn University MRI Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, AL (T.S.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, Heart Research Center, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Göttingen, Germany (M.T., W.H.Z.)
| | - Phillip C Yang
- From the Stanford Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, CA (X.Q., J.R., X.Z., T.C., B.N., M.N., J.A., M.A., P.C.Y., P.N., J.C.W.); Auburn University MRI Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, AL (T.S.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, Heart Research Center, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Göttingen, Germany (M.T., W.H.Z.)
| | - Patricia Nguyen
- From the Stanford Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, CA (X.Q., J.R., X.Z., T.C., B.N., M.N., J.A., M.A., P.C.Y., P.N., J.C.W.); Auburn University MRI Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, AL (T.S.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, Heart Research Center, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Göttingen, Germany (M.T., W.H.Z.)
| | - Wolfram H Zimmermann
- From the Stanford Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, CA (X.Q., J.R., X.Z., T.C., B.N., M.N., J.A., M.A., P.C.Y., P.N., J.C.W.); Auburn University MRI Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, AL (T.S.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, Heart Research Center, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Göttingen, Germany (M.T., W.H.Z.)
| | - Joseph C Wu
- From the Stanford Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, CA (X.Q., J.R., X.Z., T.C., B.N., M.N., J.A., M.A., P.C.Y., P.N., J.C.W.); Auburn University MRI Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, AL (T.S.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, Heart Research Center, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Göttingen, Germany (M.T., W.H.Z.).
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Wang X, Chen T, Zhang S, Schaerer J, Qian Z, Huh S, Metaxas D, Axel L. Meshless deformable models for 3D cardiac motion and strain analysis from tagged MRI. Magn Reson Imaging 2015; 33:146-60. [PMID: 25157446 PMCID: PMC4876045 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tagged magnetic resonance imaging (TMRI) provides a direct and noninvasive way to visualize the in-wall deformation of the myocardium. Due to the through-plane motion, the tracking of 3D trajectories of the material points and the computation of 3D strain field call for the necessity of building 3D cardiac deformable models. The intersections of three stacks of orthogonal tagging planes are material points in the myocardium. With these intersections as control points, 3D motion can be reconstructed with a novel meshless deformable model (MDM). Volumetric MDMs describe an object as point cloud inside the object boundary and the coordinate of each point can be written in parametric functions. A generic heart mesh is registered on the TMRI with polar decomposition. A 3D MDM is generated and deformed with MR image tagging lines. Volumetric MDMs are deformed by calculating the dynamics function and minimizing the local Laplacian coordinates. The similarity transformation of each point is computed by assuming its neighboring points are making the same transformation. The deformation is computed iteratively until the control points match the target positions in the consecutive image frame. The 3D strain field is computed from the 3D displacement field with moving least squares. We demonstrate that MDMs outperformed the finite element method and the spline method with a numerical phantom. Meshless deformable models can track the trajectory of any material point in the myocardium and compute the 3D strain field of any particular area. The experimental results on in vivo healthy and patient heart MRI show that the MDM can fully recover the myocardium motion in three dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Wang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advance Technology, CAS, Xueyuan Ave. 1068, Xili, Nanshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China, 518055.
| | - Ting Chen
- Radiology Department, New York University, 660 first Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Shaoting Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, Rutgers University, 110 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Joël Schaerer
- CREATIS, INSA LYON, Bâtiment Blaise Pascal, 7 Avenue Jean Capelle, 69621, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Zhen Qian
- Department of Computer Science, Rutgers University, 110 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Suejung Huh
- Department of Computer Science, Rutgers University, 110 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Dimitris Metaxas
- Department of Computer Science, Rutgers University, 110 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Leon Axel
- Radiology Department, New York University, 660 first Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
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Donekal S, Ambale-Venkatesh B, Berkowitz S, Wu CO, Choi EY, Fernandes V, Yan R, Harouni AA, Bluemke DA, Lima JAC. Inter-study reproducibility of cardiovascular magnetic resonance tagging. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2013; 15:37. [PMID: 23663535 PMCID: PMC3667053 DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-15-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to determine the test-retest reliability of the measurement of regional myocardial function by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) tagging using spatial modulation of magnetization. METHODS Twenty-five participants underwent CMR tagging twice over 12 ± 7 days. To assess the role of slice orientation on strain measurement, two healthy volunteers had a first exam, followed by image acquisition repeated with slices rotated ±15 degrees out of true short axis, followed by a second exam in the true short axis plane. To assess the role of slice location, two healthy volunteers had whole heart tagging. The harmonic phase (HARP) method was used to analyze the tagged images. Peak midwall circumferential strain (Ecc), radial strain (Err), Lambda 1, Lambda 2, and Angle α were determined in basal, mid and apical slices. LV torsion, systolic and early diastolic circumferential strain and torsion rates were also determined. RESULTS LV Ecc and torsion had excellent intra-, interobserver, and inter-study intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC range, 0.7 to 0.9). Err, Lambda 1, Lambda 2 and angle had excellent intra- and interobserver ICC than inter-study ICC. Angle had least inter-study reproducibility. Torsion rates had superior intra-, interobserver, and inter-study reproducibility to strain rates. The measurements of LV Ecc were comparable in all three slices with different short axis orientations (standard deviation of mean Ecc was 0.09, 0.18 and 0.16 at basal, mid and apical slices, respectively). The mean difference in LV Ecc between slices was more pronounced in most of the basal slices compared to the rest of the heart. CONCLUSIONS Intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility of all strain and torsion parameters was excellent. Inter-study reproducibility of CMR tagging by SPAMM varied between different parameters as described in the results above and was superior for Ecc and LV torsion. The variation in LV Ecc measurement due to altered slice orientation is negligible compared to the variation due to slice location. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial is registered as NCT00005487 at National Heart, Lung and Blood institute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirisha Donekal
- Department of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, 600 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Bharath Ambale-Venkatesh
- Department of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, 600 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Seth Berkowitz
- Department of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, 600 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Colin O Wu
- Department of statistics, National Institutes of Health, Two Rockledge Center, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Eui Young Choi
- Department of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, 600 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Veronica Fernandes
- Department of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, 600 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Raymond Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, 600 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Ahmed A Harouni
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-1074, USA
| | - David A Bluemke
- Department of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, 600 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-1074, USA
| | - Joao A C Lima
- Department of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, 600 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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