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In 't Zandt R, Mahmutovic Persson I, Tibiletti M, von Wachenfeldt K, Parker GJM, Olsson LE. Contrast enhanced longitudinal changes observed in an experimental bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis rat model by radial DCE-MRI at 9.4T. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0310643. [PMID: 39331604 PMCID: PMC11432896 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0310643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Identifying biomarkers in fibrotic lung disease is key for early anti-fibrotic intervention. Dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI offers valuable perfusion-related insights in fibrosis but adapting human MRI methods to rodents poses challenges. Here, we explored these translational challenges for the inflammatory and fibrotic phase of a bleomycin lung injury model in rats. Eleven male Sprague-Dawley rats received a single intratracheal dose of bleomycin (1000iU), four control rats received saline. Imaging was performed on days 7 and 28 post-induction. Ultra-short echo time imaging was used to image the lung for 7 minutes after which Clariscan was injected intravenously. Lung signal changes were measured for an additional 21 minutes. Images were reconstructed with a sliding-window approach, providing a temporal resolution of 10 seconds per image. After imaging on day 28, animals were euthanized, and lungs were collected for histology. Bleomycin-exposed rats initially exhibited reduced body weight, recovering to control levels after 20 days. Lung volume increased in bleomycin animals from 4.4±0.9 ml in controls to 5.5±0.5 ml and 6.5±1.2 ml on day 7 and 28. DCE-MRI showed no change of initial gradient of relative enhancement in the curves between controls and bleomycin animals on day 7 and 28 post-induction. On day 7, the DCE-MRI washout phase in bleomycin animals had higher signals than the saline group and than observed at a later time point. Lung pixels were binned in 7 enhancement classes. On day 28, the size of low relative enhancement bins almost doubled in volume compared to controls and animals on day 7 post-induction. Histology on day 28 suggests that findings could be explained by changes in lung tissue density due to lung volume increase. Adapting this clinical MRI method to rodents at 9.4T remains a challenge. Future studies may benefit from lower field strength MRI combined with higher temporal resolution DCE-MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- René In 't Zandt
- Faculty of Medicine, Lund University BioImaging Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Irma Mahmutovic Persson
- Faculty of Medicine, Lund University BioImaging Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Translational Medicine, Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Marta Tibiletti
- Bioxydyn Limited, St James Tower, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Geoff J M Parker
- Bioxydyn Limited, St James Tower, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lars E Olsson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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Ivanov EV, Akhmetshina MR, Gizatulina AR, Gulyaev MV, Pavlova OS, Pirogov YA, Gavrilova SA. Dihydroquercetin-Loaded Liposomes Change Fibrous Tissue Distribution in the Bleomycin-Induced Fibrosis Model. Acta Naturae 2024; 16:40-49. [PMID: 39188264 PMCID: PMC11345094 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.27440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The effects of the antioxidant dihydroquercetin (DHQ) were studied in a model of pulmonary fibrosis. DHQ penetration into the lesion was facilitated by encapsulation into liposomes. Pulmonary fibrosis was modeled in rats by intratracheal injection of bleomycin. For the first 7 days, the rats in the treatment group received a liposomal emulsion with DHQ, while in the comparator group rats received saline. In the control group, intact rats did not receive any exposure. Thirty days after the initiation, lung function and the pathological lesion volume were assessed by 7T 1H MRI and the lungs were taken for histologic examination. The proportion of fibrous tissue was counted by Masson's trichrome staining. Both experimental groups were characterized by a significant functional pulmonary deficiency, with low mortality and a small lesion area. In the rats treated with DHQ, the distribution of fibrous tissue was significantly altered. Significantly more fibrous tissue was found in the center of the lesion, while significantly less was in the interstitial space of alveoli. Lung density at the same time was lower in the treated lungs. Dihydroquercetin encapsulated in liposomes affects the mechanisms of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis progression in rats. While accelerated fibrosis of the lesion can restrict inflammatory processes, delayed fibrosis of the interstitium can further improve the functional state of the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. V. Ivanov
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russian Federation
| | - M. R. Akhmetshina
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russian Federation
| | - A. R. Gizatulina
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russian Federation
| | - M. V. Gulyaev
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russian Federation
| | - O. S. Pavlova
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russian Federation
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Y. A. Pirogov
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russian Federation
| | - S. A. Gavrilova
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russian Federation
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3
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Boswinkel M, Raavé R, Veltien A, Scheenen TWJ, Fransén Petterson N, in ‘t Zandt R, Olsson LE, von Wachenfeldt K, Heskamp S, Mahmutovic Persson I. Utilizing MRI, [ 18F]FDG-PET and [ 89Zr]Zr-DFO-28H1 FAP-PET tracer to assess inflammation and fibrogenesis in a reproducible lung injury rat model: a multimodal imaging study. FRONTIERS IN NUCLEAR MEDICINE (LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 3:1306251. [PMID: 39355041 PMCID: PMC11440995 DOI: 10.3389/fnume.2023.1306251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2024]
Abstract
Objective Accurate imaging biomarkers that indicate disease progression at an early stage are highly important to enable timely mitigation of symptoms in progressive lung disease. In this context, reproducible experimental models and readouts are key. Here, we aim to show reproducibility of a lung injury rat model by inducing disease and assessing disease progression by multi-modal non-invasive imaging techniques at two different research sites. Furthermore, we evaluated the potential of fibroblast activating protein (FAP) as an imaging biomarker in the early stage of lung fibrosis. Methods An initial lung injury rat model was set up at one research site (Lund University, Lund, Sweden) and repeated at a second site (Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands). To induce lung injury, Sprague-Dawley rats received intratracheal instillation of bleomycin as one single dose (1,000 iU in 200 µL) or saline as control. Thereafter, longitudinal images were acquired to track inflammation in the lungs, at 1 and 2 weeks after the bleomycin challenge by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and [18F]FDG-PET. After the final [18F]FDG-PET scan, rats received an intravenous tracer [89Zr]Zr-DFO-28H1 (anti-FAP antibody) and were imaged at day 15 to track fibrogenesis. Upon termination, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed to assess cell and protein concentration. Subsequently, the biodistribution of [89Zr]Zr-DFO-28H1 was measured ex vivo and the spatial distribution in lung tissue was studied by autoradiography. Lung sections were stained and fibrosis assessed using the modified Ashcroft score. Results Bleomycin-challenged rats showed body weight loss and increased numbers of immune cells and protein concentrations after BAL compared with control animals. The initiation and progression of the disease were reproduced at both research sites. Lung lesions in bleomycin-exposed rats were visualized by MRI and confirmed by histology. [18F]FDG uptake was higher in the lungs of bleomycin-challenged rats compared with the controls, similar to that observed in the Lund study. [89Zr]Zr-DFO-28H1 tracer uptake in the lung was increased in bleomycin-challenged rats compared with control rats (p = 0.03). Conclusion Here, we demonstrate a reproducible lung injury model and monitored disease progression using conventional imaging biomarkers MRI and [18F]FDG-PET. Furthermore, we showed the first proof-of-concept of FAP imaging. This reproducible and robust animal model and imaging experimental set-up allows for future research on new therapeutics or biomarkers in lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milou Boswinkel
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - René Raavé
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Andor Veltien
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Tom WJ Scheenen
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - René in ‘t Zandt
- Lund University BioImaging Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars E. Olsson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Sandra Heskamp
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Irma Mahmutovic Persson
- Lund University BioImaging Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Translational Medicine, Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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Obrecht M, Zurbruegg S, Accart N, Lambert C, Doelemeyer A, Ledermann B, Beckmann N. Magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound elastography in the context of preclinical pharmacological research: significance for the 3R principles. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1177421. [PMID: 37448960 PMCID: PMC10337591 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1177421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The 3Rs principles-reduction, refinement, replacement-are at the core of preclinical research within drug discovery, which still relies to a great extent on the availability of models of disease in animals. Minimizing their distress, reducing their number as well as searching for means to replace them in experimental studies are constant objectives in this area. Due to its non-invasive character in vivo imaging supports these efforts by enabling repeated longitudinal assessments in each animal which serves as its own control, thereby enabling to reduce considerably the animal utilization in the experiments. The repetitive monitoring of pathology progression and the effects of therapy becomes feasible by assessment of quantitative biomarkers. Moreover, imaging has translational prospects by facilitating the comparison of studies performed in small rodents and humans. Also, learnings from the clinic may be potentially back-translated to preclinical settings and therefore contribute to refining animal investigations. By concentrating on activities around the application of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound elastography to small rodent models of disease, we aim to illustrate how in vivo imaging contributes primarily to reduction and refinement in the context of pharmacological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Obrecht
- Diseases of Aging and Regenerative Medicines, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Zurbruegg
- Neurosciences Department, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Accart
- Diseases of Aging and Regenerative Medicines, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Lambert
- Diseases of Aging and Regenerative Medicines, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Arno Doelemeyer
- Diseases of Aging and Regenerative Medicines, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Birgit Ledermann
- 3Rs Leader, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicolau Beckmann
- Diseases of Aging and Regenerative Medicines, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
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Stecker IR, Freeman MS, Sitaraman S, Hall CS, Niedbalski PJ, Hendricks AJ, Martin EP, Weaver TE, Cleveland ZI. Preclinical MRI to Quantify Pulmonary Disease Severity and Trajectories in Poorly Characterized Mouse Models: A Pedagogical Example Using Data from Novel Transgenic Models of Lung Fibrosis. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE OPEN 2021; 6-7. [PMID: 34414381 PMCID: PMC8372031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmro.2021.100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Structural remodeling in lung disease is progressive and heterogeneous, making temporally and spatially explicit information necessary to understand disease initiation and progression. While mouse models are essential to elucidate mechanistic pathways underlying disease, the experimental tools commonly available to quantify lung disease burden are typically invasive (e.g., histology). This necessitates large cross-sectional studies with terminal endpoints, which increases experimental complexity and expense. Alternatively, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides information noninvasively, thus permitting robust, repeated-measures statistics. Although lung MRI is challenging due to low tissue density and rapid apparent transverse relaxation (T2* <1 ms), various imaging methods have been proposed to quantify disease burden. However, there are no widely accepted strategies for preclinical lung MRI. As such, it can be difficult for researchers who lack lung imaging expertise to design experimental protocols-particularly for novel mouse models. Here, we build upon prior work from several research groups to describe a widely applicable acquisition and analysis pipeline that can be implemented without prior preclinical pulmonary MRI experience. Our approach utilizes 3D radial ultrashort echo time (UTE) MRI with retrospective gating and lung segmentation is facilitated with a deep-learning algorithm. This pipeline was deployed to assess disease dynamics over 255 days in novel, transgenic mouse models of lung fibrosis based on disease-associated, loss-of-function mutations in Surfactant Protein-C. Previously identified imaging biomarkers (tidal volume, signal coefficient of variation, etc.) were calculated semi-automatically from these data, with an objectively-defined high signal volume identified as the most robust metric. Beyond quantifying disease dynamics, we discuss common pitfalls encountered in preclinical lung MRI and present systematic approaches to identify and mitigate these challenges. While the experimental results and specific pedagogical examples are confined to lung fibrosis, the tools and approaches presented should be broadly useful to quantify structural lung disease in a wide range of mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R Stecker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Matthew S Freeman
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Sneha Sitaraman
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Chase S Hall
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Peter J Niedbalski
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Alexandra J Hendricks
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Emily P Martin
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Timothy E Weaver
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Zackary I Cleveland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221
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6
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Mahmutovic Persson I, von Wachenfeldt K, Waterton JC, Olsson LE. Imaging Biomarkers in Animal Models of Drug-Induced Lung Injury: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2020; 10:jcm10010107. [PMID: 33396865 PMCID: PMC7795017 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
For drug-induced interstitial lung disease (DIILD) translational imaging biomarkers are needed to improve detection and management of lung injury and drug-toxicity. Literature was reviewed on animal models in which in vivo imaging was used to detect and assess lung lesions that resembled pathological changes found in DIILD, such as inflammation and fibrosis. A systematic search was carried out using three databases with key words “Animal models”, “Imaging”, “Lung disease”, and “Drugs”. A total of 5749 articles were found, and, based on inclusion criteria, 284 papers were selected for final data extraction, resulting in 182 out of the 284 papers, based on eligibility. Twelve different animal species occurred and nine various imaging modalities were used, with two-thirds of the studies being longitudinal. The inducing agents and exposure (dose and duration) differed from non-physiological to clinically relevant doses. The majority of studies reported other biomarkers and/or histological confirmation of the imaging results. Summary of radiotracers and examples of imaging biomarkers were summarized, and the types of animal models and the most used imaging modalities and applications are discussed in this review. Pathologies resembling DIILD, such as inflammation and fibrosis, were described in many papers, but only a few explicitly addressed drug-induced toxicity experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Mahmutovic Persson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, 20502 Malmö, Sweden;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-736839562
| | | | - John C. Waterton
- Bioxydyn Ltd., Science Park, Manchester M15 6SZ, UK;
- Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Lars E. Olsson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, 20502 Malmö, Sweden;
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Mahmutovic Persson I, Fransén Pettersson N, Liu J, Falk Håkansson H, Örbom A, In ’t Zandt R, Gidlöf R, Sydoff M, von Wachenfeldt K, Olsson LE. Longitudinal Imaging Using PET/CT with Collagen-I PET-Tracer and MRI for Assessment of Fibrotic and Inflammatory Lesions in a Rat Lung Injury Model. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9113706. [PMID: 33218212 PMCID: PMC7699272 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9113706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive imaging biomarkers (IBs) are warranted to enable improved diagnostics and follow-up monitoring of interstitial lung disease (ILD) including drug-induced ILD (DIILD). Of special interest are IB, which can characterize and differentiate acute inflammation from fibrosis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate a PET-tracer specific for Collagen-I, combined with multi-echo MRI, in a rat model of DIILD. Rats were challenged intratracheally with bleomycin, and subsequently followed by MRI and PET/CT for four weeks. PET imaging demonstrated a significantly increased uptake of the collagen tracer in the lungs of challenged rats compared to controls. This was confirmed by MRI characterization of the lesions as edema or fibrotic tissue. The uptake of tracer did not show complete spatial overlap with the lesions identified by MRI. Instead, the tracer signal appeared at the borderline between lesion and healthy tissue. Histological tissue staining, fibrosis scoring, lysyl oxidase activity measurements, and gene expression markers all confirmed establishing fibrosis over time. In conclusion, the novel PET tracer for Collagen-I combined with multi-echo MRI, were successfully able to monitor fibrotic changes in bleomycin-induced lung injury. The translational approach of using non-invasive imaging techniques show potential also from a clinical perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Mahmutovic Persson
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Institution of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 20502 Malmö, Sweden;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-73-683-9562
| | | | - Jian Liu
- Truly Labs, Medicon Village, 223 63 Lund, Sweden; (N.F.P.); (J.L.); (H.F.H.); (K.v.W.)
| | - Hanna Falk Håkansson
- Truly Labs, Medicon Village, 223 63 Lund, Sweden; (N.F.P.); (J.L.); (H.F.H.); (K.v.W.)
| | - Anders Örbom
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 22184 84 Lund, Sweden;
| | - René In ’t Zandt
- Lund University BioImaging Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 221 42 Lund, Sweden; (R.I.Z.); (R.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Ritha Gidlöf
- Lund University BioImaging Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 221 42 Lund, Sweden; (R.I.Z.); (R.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Marie Sydoff
- Lund University BioImaging Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 221 42 Lund, Sweden; (R.I.Z.); (R.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Karin von Wachenfeldt
- Truly Labs, Medicon Village, 223 63 Lund, Sweden; (N.F.P.); (J.L.); (H.F.H.); (K.v.W.)
| | - Lars E. Olsson
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Institution of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 20502 Malmö, Sweden;
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Murray A, Gow AJ, Venosa A, Andres J, Malaviya R, Adler D, Yurkow E, Laskin JD, Laskin DL. Assessment of mustard vesicant lung injury and anti-TNF-α efficacy in rodents using live-animal imaging. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1480:246-256. [PMID: 33165947 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen mustard (NM) causes acute lung injury, which progresses to fibrosis. This is associated with a macrophage-dominant inflammatory response and the production of proinflammatory/profibrotic mediators, including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Herein, we refined magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) imaging methodologies to track the progression of NM-induced lung injury in rodents and assess the efficacy of anti-TNF-α antibody in mitigating toxicity. Anti-TNF-α antibody was administered to rats (15 mg/kg, every 8 days, intravenously) beginning 30 min after treatment with phosphate-buffered saline control or NM (0.125 mg/kg, intratracheally). Animals were imaged by MRI and CT prior to exposure and 1-28 days postexposure. Using MRI, we characterized acute lung injury and fibrosis by quantifying high-signal lung volume, which represents edema, inflammation, and tissue consolidation; these pathologies were found to persist for 28 days following NM exposure. CT scans were used to assess structural components of the lung and to register changes in tissue radiodensities. CT scans showed that in control animals, total lung volume increased with time. Treatment of rats with NM caused loss of lung volume; anti-TNF-α antibody mitigated this decrease. These studies demonstrate that MRI and CT can be used to monitor lung disease and the impact of therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Murray
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Andrew J Gow
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Alessandro Venosa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jaclynn Andres
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Rama Malaviya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Derek Adler
- Molecular Imaging Center, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Edward Yurkow
- Molecular Imaging Center, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Jeffrey D Laskin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Debra L Laskin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
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Tielemans B, Dekoster K, Verleden SE, Sawall S, Leszczyński B, Laperre K, Vanstapel A, Verschakelen J, Kachelriess M, Verbeken E, Swoger J, Vande Velde G. From Mouse to Man and Back: Closing the Correlation Gap between Imaging and Histopathology for Lung Diseases. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E636. [PMID: 32859103 PMCID: PMC7554749 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10090636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung diseases such as fibrosis, asthma, cystic fibrosis, infection and cancer are life-threatening conditions that slowly deteriorate quality of life and for which our diagnostic power is high, but our knowledge on etiology and/or effective treatment options still contains important gaps. In the context of day-to-day practice, clinical and preclinical studies, clinicians and basic researchers team up and continuously strive to increase insights into lung disease progression, diagnostic and treatment options. To unravel disease processes and to test novel therapeutic approaches, investigators typically rely on end-stage procedures such as serum analysis, cyto-/chemokine profiles and selective tissue histology from animal models. These techniques are useful but provide only a snapshot of disease processes that are essentially dynamic in time and space. Technology allowing evaluation of live animals repeatedly is indispensable to gain a better insight into the dynamics of lung disease progression and treatment effects. Computed tomography (CT) is a clinical diagnostic imaging technique that can have enormous benefits in a research context too. Yet, the implementation of imaging techniques in laboratories lags behind. In this review we want to showcase the integrated approaches and novel developments in imaging, lung functional testing and pathological techniques that are used to assess, diagnose, quantify and treat lung disease and that may be employed in research on patients and animals. Imaging approaches result in often novel anatomical and functional biomarkers, resulting in many advantages, such as better insight in disease progression and a reduction in the numbers of animals necessary. We here showcase integrated assessment of lung disease with imaging and histopathological technologies, applied to the example of lung fibrosis. Better integration of clinical and preclinical imaging technologies with pathology will ultimately result in improved clinical translation of (therapy) study results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birger Tielemans
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (B.T.); (K.D.); (J.V.); (E.V.)
| | - Kaat Dekoster
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (B.T.); (K.D.); (J.V.); (E.V.)
| | - Stijn E. Verleden
- Department of CHROMETA, BREATHE lab, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (S.E.V.); (A.V.)
| | - Stefan Sawall
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), X-Ray Imaging and CT, Heidelberg University, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Bartosz Leszczyński
- Department of Medical Physics, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 31-007 Kraków, Poland;
| | | | - Arno Vanstapel
- Department of CHROMETA, BREATHE lab, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (S.E.V.); (A.V.)
| | - Johny Verschakelen
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (B.T.); (K.D.); (J.V.); (E.V.)
| | - Marc Kachelriess
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), X-Ray Imaging and CT, Heidelberg University, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Erik Verbeken
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (B.T.); (K.D.); (J.V.); (E.V.)
| | - Jim Swoger
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Barcelona, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Greetje Vande Velde
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (B.T.); (K.D.); (J.V.); (E.V.)
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Litvin DG, Denstaedt SJ, Borkowski LF, Nichols NL, Dick TE, Smith CB, Jacono FJ. Peripheral-to-central immune communication at the area postrema glial-barrier following bleomycin-induced sterile lung injury in adult rats. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 87:610-633. [PMID: 32097765 PMCID: PMC8895345 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathways for peripheral-to-central immune communication (P → C I-comm) following sterile lung injury (SLI) are unknown. SLI evokes systemic and central inflammation, which alters central respiratory control and viscerosensory transmission in the nucleus tractus solitarii (nTS). These functional changes coincide with increased interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in the area postrema, a sensory circumventricular organ that connects P → C I-comm to brainstem circuits that control homeostasis. We hypothesize that IL-1β and its downstream transcriptional target, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), mediate P → C I-comm in the nTS. In a rodent model of SLI induced by intratracheal bleomycin (Bleo), the sigh frequency and duration of post-sigh apnea increased in Bleo- compared to saline- treated rats one week after injury. This SLI-dependent change in respiratory control occurred concurrently with augmented IL-1β and COX-2 immunoreactivity (IR) in the funiculus separans (FS), a barrier between the AP and the brainstem. At this barrier, increases in IL-1β and COX-2 IR were confined to processes that stained for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and that projected basolaterally to the nTS. Further, FS radial-glia did not express TNF-α or IL-6 following SLI. To test our hypothesis, we blocked central COX-1/2 activity by intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of Indomethacin (Ind). Continuous ICV Ind treatment prevented Bleo-dependent increases in GFAP + and IL-1β + IR, and restored characteristics of sighs that reset the rhythm. These data indicate that changes in sighs following SLI depend partially on activation of a central COX-dependent P → C I-comm via radial-glia of the FS.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Litvin
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States; Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Scott J Denstaedt
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Lauren F Borkowski
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, United States
| | - Nicole L Nichols
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, United States
| | - Thomas E Dick
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States; Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Corey B Smith
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Frank J Jacono
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Louis Stokes VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States.
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11
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Mahmutovic Persson I, Falk Håkansson H, Örbom A, Liu J, von Wachenfeldt K, Olsson LE. Imaging Biomarkers and Pathobiological Profiling in a Rat Model of Drug-Induced Interstitial Lung Disease Induced by Bleomycin. Front Physiol 2020; 11:584. [PMID: 32636756 PMCID: PMC7317035 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A large number of systemically administered drugs have the potential to cause drug-induced interstitial lung disease (DIILD). We aim to characterize a model of DIILD in the rat and develop imaging biomarkers (IBs) for detection and quantification of DIILD. In this study, Sprague-Dawley rats received one single dose of intratracheal (i.t.) bleomycin and were longitudinally imaged at day 0, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 post dosing, applying the imaging techniques magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was analyzed for total protein and inflammatory cells. Lungs were saved for further evaluation by gene analysis using quantitative-PCR and by histology. Lung sections were stained with Masson's-Trichrome staining and evaluated by modified Ashcroft score. Gene expression profiling of inflammatory and fibrotic markers was performed on lung tissue homogenates. Bleomycin induced significant increase in total protein concentration and total cell count in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), peaking at day 3 (p > 0.001) and day 7 (p > 0.001) compared to control, respectively. Lesions measured by MRI and PET signal in the lungs of bleomycin challenged rats were significantly increased during days 3-14, peaking at day 7. Two subgroups of animals were identified as low- and high-responders by their different change in total lung volume. Both groups showed signs of inflammation initially, while at later time points, the low-responder group recovered toward control, and the high-responder group showed sustained lung volume increase, and significant increase of lesion volume (p < 0.001) compared to control. Lastly, important inflammatory and pro-fibrotic markers were assessed from lung tissue, linking observed imaging pathological changes to gene expression patterns. In conclusion, bleomycin-induced lung injury is an adequate animal model for DIILD studies and for translational lung injury assessment by MRI and PET imaging. The scenario comprised disease responses, with different fractions of inflammation and fibrosis. Thereby, this study improved the understanding of imaging and biological biomarkers in DIILD and lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Mahmutovic Persson
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Institution of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Anders Örbom
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | - Lars E Olsson
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Institution of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,TRISTAN-IMI Consortium (Translational Imaging in Drug Safety Assessment-Innovative Medicines Initiative)
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12
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Getsy PM, Mayer CA, MacFarlane PM, Jacono FJ, Wilson CG. Acute lung injury in neonatal rats causes postsynaptic depression in nucleus tractus solitarii second-order neurons. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2019; 269:103250. [PMID: 31352011 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2019.103250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Acute Lung Injury (ALI) alters pulmonary reflex responses, in part due to changes in modulation within the lung and airway neuronal control networks. We hypothesized that synaptic efficacy of nucleus tractus solitarii (nTS) neurons, receiving input from lung, airway, and other viscerosensory afferent fibers, would decrease following ALI. Sprague Dawley neonatal rats (postnatal days 9-11) were given intratracheal installations of saline or bleomycin (a well-characterized model that reproduces the pattern of ALI) and then, one week later, in vitro slices were prepared for whole-cell and perforated whole-cell patch-clamp experiments (postnatal days 16-21). In preparations from ALI rats, 2nd-order nTS neurons had significantly decreased amplitudes of both spontaneous and miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs and mEPSCs), compared to saline controls. Rise and decay times of sEPSCs were slower in whole-cell recordings from ALI animals. Similarly, the amplitude of tractus solitarii evoked EPSCs (TS-eEPSCs) were significantly lower in 2nd-order nTS neurons from ALI rats. Overall these results suggest the presence of postsynaptic depression at TS-nTS synapses receiving lung, airway, and other viscerosensory afferent tractus solitarii input after bleomycin-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina M Getsy
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, CWRU School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, CWRU School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, United States
| | - Catherine A Mayer
- Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, CWRU School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, United States
| | - Peter M MacFarlane
- Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, CWRU School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, United States
| | - Frank J Jacono
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, CWRU School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, United States; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Louis Stokes VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, United States
| | - Christopher G Wilson
- Department of Pediatrics and Lawrence D. Long, MD Center for Perinatal Biology Loma Linda University Loma Linda, CA, United States.
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13
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Lichtenstein JD, Flaro L, Baldwin FS, Rai J, Erdodi LA. Further Evidence for Embedded Performance Validity Tests in Children within the Conners’ Continuous Performance Test – Second Edition. Dev Neuropsychol 2019; 44:159-171. [DOI: 10.1080/87565641.2019.1565535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D. Lichtenstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Pediatric Neuropsychology Program, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire
- Department of Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy an d Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | | | - Fern S. Baldwin
- Department of Psychiatry, Pediatric Neuropsychology Program, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Jaspreet Rai
- Department of Psychology, Neuropsychology Track, University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laszlo A. Erdodi
- Department of Psychology, Neuropsychology Track, University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Carrington R, Jordan S, Pitchford S, Page C. Use of animal models in IPF research. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2018; 51:73-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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15
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Litvin DG, Dick TE, Smith CB, Jacono FJ. Lung-injury depresses glutamatergic synaptic transmission in the nucleus tractus solitarii via discrete age-dependent mechanisms in neonatal rats. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 70:398-422. [PMID: 29601943 PMCID: PMC6075724 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Transition periods (TPs) are brief stages in CNS development where neural circuits can exhibit heightened vulnerability to pathologic conditions such as injury or infection. This susceptibility is due in part to specialized mechanisms of synaptic plasticity, which may become activated by inflammatory mediators released under pathologic conditions. Thus, we hypothesized that the immune response to lung injury (LI) mediated synaptic changes through plasticity-like mechanisms that depended on whether LI occurred just before or after a TP. We studied the impact of LI on brainstem 2nd-order viscerosensory neurons located in the nucleus tractus solitarii (nTS) during a TP for respiratory control spanning (postnatal day (P) 11-15). We injured the lungs of Sprague-Dawley rats by intratracheal instillation of Bleomycin (or saline) just before (P9-11) or after (P17-19) the TP. A week later, we prepared horizontal slices of the medulla and recorded spontaneous and evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs/eEPSCs) in vitro from neurons in the nTS that received monosynaptic glutamatergic input from the tractus solitarii (TS). In rats injured before the TP (pre-TP), neurons exhibited blunted sEPSCs and TS-eEPSCs compared to controls. The decreased TS-eEPSCs were mediated by differences in postsynaptic α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic-acid receptors (AMPAR). Specifically, compared to controls, LI rats had more Ca2+-impermeable AMPARs (CI-AMPARs) as indicated by: 1) the absence of current-rectification, 2) decreased sensitivity to polyamine, 1-Naphthyl-acetyl-spermine-trihydrochloride (NASPM) and 3) augmented immunoreactive staining for the CI-AMPAR GluA2. Thus, pre-TP-LI acts postsynaptically to blunt glutamatergic transmission. The neuroimmune response to pre-TP-LI included microglia hyper-ramification throughout the nTS. Daily intraperitoneal administration of minocycline, an inhibitor of microglial/macrophage function prevented hyper-ramification and abolished the pre-TP-LI evoked synaptic changes. In contrast, rat-pups injured after the TP (post-TP) exhibited microglia hypo-ramification in the nTS and had increased sEPSC amplitudes/frequencies, and decreased TS-eEPSC amplitudes compared to controls. These synaptic changes were not associated with changes in CI-AMPARs, and instead involved greater TS-evoked use-dependent depression (reduced paired pulse ratio), which is a hallmark of presynaptic plasticity. Thus we conclude that LI regulates the efficacy of TS → nTS synapses through discrete plasticity-like mechanisms that are immune-mediated and depend on whether the injury occurs before or after the TP for respiratory control.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Litvin
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Louis Stokes VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Thomas E Dick
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States; Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Corey B Smith
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Frank J Jacono
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Louis Stokes VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States.
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16
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Hodono S, Shimokawa A, Stewart NJ, Yamauchi Y, Nishimori R, Yamane M, Imai H, Fujiwara H, Kimura A. Ethyl Pyruvate Improves Pulmonary Function in Mice with Bleomycin-induced Lung Injury as Monitored with Hyperpolarized 129Xe MR Imaging. Magn Reson Med Sci 2018. [PMID: 29526883 PMCID: PMC6196297 DOI: 10.2463/mrms.mp.2017-0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: High Mobility Group Box1 (HMGB1), which is one of the damage-associated molecular pattern molecules relating to various inflammatory diseases, has gained interest as a therapeutic target because of its involvement in wound healing processes. In the present study, we investigated HMGB1 as a potential therapeutic target in a model of lung fibrosis using a preclinical hyperpolarized 129Xe (HPXe) MRI system. Methods: Lung injury was induced by intra-peritoneal injection of bleomycin (BLM) in 19 mice. Three weeks post-injection (when fibrosis was confirmed histologically), administration of ethyl pyruvate (EP) and alogliptin (ALG), which are down- and up-regulators of HMGB1, respectively, was commenced in six and seven of the 19 mice, respectively, and continued for a further 3 weeks. A separate sham-instilled group was formed of five mice, which were administered with saline for 6 weeks. Over the second 3-week period, the effects of disease progression and pharmacological therapy in the four groups of mice were monitored by HPXe MRI metrics of fractional ventilation and gas-exchange function. Results: Gas-exchange function in BLM mice was significantly reduced after 3 weeks of BLM challenge compared to sham-instilled mice (P < 0.05). Ethyl pyruvate was found to improve HPXe MRI metrics of both ventilation and gas exchange, and repair tissue damage (assessed histologically), to a similar level as sham-instilled mice (P < 0.05), whilst ALG treatment caused no significant improvement of pulmonary function. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the down-regulator of HMGB1, EP, as a potential therapeutic agent for pulmonary fibrosis, as assessed by a non-invasive HPXe MRI protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Hodono
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Division of Medical Technology and Science, Faculty of Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Akihiro Shimokawa
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Division of Medical Technology and Science, Faculty of Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Neil J Stewart
- Division of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University
| | - Yukiko Yamauchi
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Division of Medical Technology and Science, Faculty of Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Renya Nishimori
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Division of Medical Technology and Science, Faculty of Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Mami Yamane
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Division of Medical Technology and Science, Faculty of Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Hirohiko Imai
- Department of Systems Science, Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University
| | - Hideaki Fujiwara
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Division of Medical Technology and Science, Faculty of Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Atsuomi Kimura
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Division of Medical Technology and Science, Faculty of Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
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17
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Egger C, Cannet C, Gérard C, Suply T, Ksiazek I, Jarman E, Beckmann N. Effects of the fibroblast activation protein inhibitor, PT100, in a murine model of pulmonary fibrosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 809:64-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Cleveland ZI, Zhou YM, Akinyi TG, Dunn RS, Davidson CR, Guo J, Woods JC, Hardie WD. Magnetic resonance imaging of disease progression and resolution in a transgenic mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 312:L488-L499. [PMID: 28130263 PMCID: PMC5407091 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00458.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis contributes to morbidity and mortality in a range of diseases, and there are no approved therapies for reversing its progression. To understand the mechanisms underlying pulmonary fibrosis and assess potential therapies, mouse models are central to basic and translational research. Unfortunately, metrics commonly used to assess murine pulmonary fibrosis require animals to be grouped and euthanized, increasing experimental difficulty and cost. We examined the ability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to noninvasively assess lung fibrosis progression and resolution in a doxycycline (Dox) regulatable, transgenic mouse model that overexpresses transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α) under control of a lung-epithelial-specific promoter. During 7 wk of Dox treatment, fibrotic lesions were readily observed as high-signal tissue. Mean weighted signal and percent signal volume were found to be the most robust MRI-derived measures of fibrosis, and these metrics correlated significantly with pleural thickness, histology scores, and hydroxyproline content (R = 0.75-0.89). When applied longitudinally, percent high signal volume increased by 1.5% wk-1 (P < 0.001) and mean weighted signal increased at a rate of 0.0065 wk-1 (P = 0.0062). Following Dox treatment, lesions partially resolved, with percent high signal volume decreasing by -3.2% wk-1 (P = 0.0034) and weighted mean signal decreasing at -0.015 wk-1 (P = 0.0028). Additionally, longitudinal MRI revealed dynamic remodeling in a subset of lesions, a previously unobserved behavior in this model. These results demonstrate MRI can noninvasively assess experimental lung fibrosis progression and resolution and provide unique insights into its pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zackary I Cleveland
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio;
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Imaging Research Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Yu M Zhou
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; and
| | - Teckla G Akinyi
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - R Scott Dunn
- Imaging Research Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Cynthia R Davidson
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jinbang Guo
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jason C Woods
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Imaging Research Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - William D Hardie
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
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19
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Tassali N, Bianchi A, Lux F, Raffard G, Sanchez S, Tillement O, Crémillieux Y. MR imaging, targeting and characterization of pulmonary fibrosis using intra-tracheal administration of gadolinium-based nanoparticles. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2016; 11:396-404. [PMID: 27396584 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a devastating disease. Animal models are critical to develop new diagnostic approaches. We investigate here whether the application of an ultra-short echo time MRI sequence combined with the intra-tracheal administration of Gd-based nanoparticles can help to visualize and characterize pulmonary fibrosis in mice. 21 mice were imaged. Treated mice were administered bleomycin. MRI was used for longitudinal detection of bleomycin-induced lung injury from Day 1 up to Day 60. On Day 30, all mice received nanoparticles and MR images were acquired. A signal enhancement of 120% and 50% in fibrotic lesions and healthy tissues respectively was obtained. A twofold increase of contrast-to-noise ratio between fibrotic and healthy tissue was also observed, leading to a more accurate delineation of the extent of fibrosis. The elimination time constant of the nanoparticles was 54% higher in fibrotic lesions. Bleomycin-induced lung injury can be monitored using MRI. Intra-tracheal administration of Gd-based nanoparticles enabled us to enhance fibrotic tissue in lungs but also to extract imaging biomarkers that quantify elimination and diffusion of contrast agents and can characterize fibrotic tissue. The added value of MRI associated with pulmonary administration of contrast agents is key to better understand the lung fibrotic process and monitor drug response in pre-clinical studies, which will be valuable for translational applications. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal Tassali
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, CNRS UMR 5536, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Andrea Bianchi
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, CNRS UMR 5536, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - François Lux
- Institut Lumière Matière, CNRS UMR 5306, Université Claude Bernard, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Gérard Raffard
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, CNRS UMR 5536, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Stéphane Sanchez
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, CNRS UMR 5536, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Olivier Tillement
- Institut Lumière Matière, CNRS UMR 5306, Université Claude Bernard, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Yannick Crémillieux
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, CNRS UMR 5536, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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20
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Longitudinal, in vivo assessment of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in mice by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. J Transl Med 2016; 96:692-704. [PMID: 27019389 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2016.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive aspergillosis is an emerging threat to public health due to the increasing use of immune suppressive drugs and the emergence of resistance against antifungal drugs. To deal with this threat, research on experimental disease models provides insight into the pathogenesis of infections caused by susceptible and resistant Aspergillus strains and by assessing their response to antifungal drugs. However, standard techniques used to evaluate infection in a preclinical setting are severely limited by their invasive character, thereby precluding evaluation of disease extent and therapy effects in the same animal. To enable non-invasive, longitudinal monitoring of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in mice, we optimized computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques for daily follow-up of neutropenic BALB/c mice intranasally infected with A. fumigatus spores. Based on the images, lung parameters (signal intensity, lung tissue volume and total lung volume) were quantified to obtain objective information on disease onset, progression and extent for each animal individually. Fungal lung lesions present in infected animals were successfully visualized and quantified by both CT and MRI. By using an advanced MR pulse sequence with ultrashort echo times, pathological changes within the infected lung became visually and quantitatively detectable at earlier disease stages, thereby providing valuable information on disease onset and progression with high sensitivity. In conclusion, these non-invasive imaging techniques prove to be valuable tools for the longitudinal evaluation of dynamic disease-related changes and differences in disease severity in individual animals that might be readily applied for rapid and cost-efficient drug screening in preclinical models in vivo.
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21
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Couch MJ, Fox MS, Viel C, Gajawada G, Li T, Ouriadov AV, Albert MS. Fractional ventilation mapping using inert fluorinated gas MRI in rat models of inflammation and fibrosis. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2016; 29:545-552. [PMID: 26866511 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to extend established methods for fractional ventilation mapping using (19) F MRI of inert fluorinated gases to rat models of pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis. In this study, five rats were instilled with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the lungs two days prior to imaging, six rats were instilled with bleomycin in the lungs two weeks prior to imaging and an additional four rats were used as controls. (19) F MR lung imaging was performed at 3 T with rats continuously breathing a mixture of sulfur hexafluoride and O2 . Fractional ventilation maps were obtained using a wash-out approach, by switching the breathing mixture to pure O2 , and acquiring images following each successive wash-out breath. The mean fractional ventilation (r) was 0.29 ± 0.05 for control rats, 0.23 ± 0.10 for LPS-instilled rats and 0.19 ± 0.03 for bleomycin-instilled rats. Bleomycin-instilled rats had a significantly decreased mean r value compared with controls (P = 0.010). Although LPS-instilled rats had a slightly reduced mean r value, this trend was not statistically significant (P = 0.556). Fractional ventilation gradients were calculated in the anterior/posterior (A/P) direction, and the mean A/P gradient was -0.005 ± 0.008 cm(-1) for control rats, 0.013 ± 0.005 cm(-1) for LPS-instilled rats and 0.009 ± 0.018 cm(-1) for bleomycin-instilled rats. Fractional ventilation gradients were significantly different for control rats compared with LPS-instilled rats only (P = 0.016). The ventilation gradients calculated from control rats showed the expected gravitational relationship, while ventilation gradients calculated from LPS- and bleomycin-instilled rats showed the opposite trend. Histology confirmed that LPS-instilled rats had a significantly elevated alveolar wall thickness, while bleomycin-instilled rats showed signs of substantial fibrosis. Overall, (19)F MRI may be able to detect the effects of pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis using a simple and inexpensive imaging approach that can potentially be translated to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus J Couch
- Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
- Thunder Bay Regional Research Institute, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew S Fox
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chris Viel
- Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
- Thunder Bay Regional Research Institute, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gowtham Gajawada
- Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
- Thunder Bay Regional Research Institute, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tao Li
- Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
- Thunder Bay Regional Research Institute, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexei V Ouriadov
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mitchell S Albert
- Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
- Thunder Bay Regional Research Institute, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
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Xu HN, Kadlececk S, Shaghaghi H, Zhao H, Profka H, Pourfathi M, Rizi R, Li LZ. Differentiating inflamed and normal lungs by the apparent reaction rate constants of lactate dehydrogenase probed by hyperpolarized (13)C labeled pyruvate. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2016; 6:57-66. [PMID: 26981456 PMCID: PMC4775246 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-4292.2016.02.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinically translatable hyperpolarized (HP) (13)C-NMR can probe in vivo enzymatic reactions, e.g., lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)-catalyzed reaction by injecting HP (13)C-pyruvate into the subject, which is converted to (13)C labeled lactate by the enzyme. Parameters such as (13)C-lactate signals and lactate-to-pyruvate signal ratio are commonly used for analyzing the HP (13)C-NMR data. However, the biochemical/biological meaning of these parameters remains either unclear or dependent on experimental settings. It is preferable to quantify the reaction rate constants with a clearer physical meaning. Here we report the extraction of the kinetic parameters of the LDH reaction from HP (13)C-NMR data and investigate if they can be potential predictors of lung inflammation. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats (12 controls, 14 treated) were used. One dose of bleomycin (2.5 U/kg) was administered intratracheally to the treatment group. The lungs were removed, perfused, and observed by the HP-NMR technique, where a HyperSense dynamic nuclear polarization system was used to generate the HP (13)C-pyruvate for injecting into the lungs. A 20 mm (1)H/(13)C dual-tuned coil in a 9.4-T Varian vertical bore NMR spectrometer was employed to acquire the (13)C spectral data every 1 s over a time period of 300 s using a non-selective, 15-degree radiofrequency pulse. The apparent rate constants of the LDH reaction and their ratio were quantified by applying ratiometric fitting analysis to the time series data of (13)C labeled pyruvate and lactate. RESULTS The apparent forward rate constant kp =(3.67±3.31)×10(-4) s(-1), reverse rate constant kl =(4.95±2.90)×10(-2) s(-1), rate constant ratio kp /kl =(7.53±5.75)×10(-3) for the control lungs; kp =(11.71±4.35)×10(-4) s(-1), kl =(9.89±3.89)×10(-2) s(-1), and kp /kl =(12.39±4.18)×10(-3) for the inflamed lungs at the 7(th) day post treatment. Wilcoxon rank-sum test showed that the medians of these kinetic parameters of the 7-day cohort were significantly larger than those of the control cohort (P<0.001, P=0.001, and P=0.019, respectively). The rate constants of individual lungs correlated significantly with the histology scores of neutrophils and organizing pneumonia foci but not macrophages. Both kp and kp /kl positively correlated with lactate labeling signals. No correlation was found between kl and lactate labeling signals. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate bleomycin-induced lung inflammation significantly increased both the forward and reverse reaction rate constants of LDH and their ratio at day-7 after bleomycin treatment.
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Marenzana M, Vande Velde G. Refine, reduce, replace: Imaging of fibrosis and arthritis in animal models. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2015; 29:715-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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Zhou Y, Chen H, Ambalavanan N, Liu G, Antony VB, Ding Q, Nath H, Eary JF, Thannickal VJ. Noninvasive imaging of experimental lung fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2015; 53:8-13. [PMID: 25679265 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0032tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Small animal models of lung fibrosis are essential for unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlying human fibrotic lung diseases; additionally, they are useful for preclinical testing of candidate antifibrotic agents. The current end-point measures of experimental lung fibrosis involve labor-intensive histological and biochemical analyses. These measures fail to account for dynamic changes in the disease process in individual animals and are limited by the need for large numbers of animals for longitudinal studies. The emergence of noninvasive imaging technologies provides exciting opportunities to image lung fibrosis in live animals as often as needed and to longitudinally track the efficacy of novel antifibrotic compounds. Data obtained by noninvasive imaging provide complementary information to histological and biochemical measurements. In addition, the use of noninvasive imaging in animal studies reduces animal usage, thus satisfying animal welfare concerns. In this article, we review these new imaging modalities with the potential for evaluation of lung fibrosis in small animal models. Such techniques include micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and multimodal imaging systems including PET/CT and SPECT/CT. It is anticipated that noninvasive imaging will be increasingly used in animal models of fibrosis to gain insights into disease pathogenesis and as preclinical tools to assess drug efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhou
- 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine and
| | - Huaping Chen
- 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine and
| | | | - Gang Liu
- 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine and
| | - Veena B Antony
- 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine and
| | - Qiang Ding
- 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine and
| | - Hrudaya Nath
- 3 Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Janet F Eary
- 3 Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine and
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25
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Magnetic resonance imaging for noninvasive assessment of lung fibrosis onset and progression: cross-validation and comparison of different magnetic resonance imaging protocols with micro-computed tomography and histology in the bleomycin-induced mouse model. Invest Radiol 2015; 49:691-8. [PMID: 24872004 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bleomycin instillation is frequently used to model lung fibrosis, although the onset and severity of pathology varies highly between mice. This makes non-invasive fibrosis detection and quantification essential to obtain a comprehensive analysis of the disease course and to validate novel therapies. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of lung disease progression and therapy may provide such a sensitive in vivo readout of lung fibrosis, bypassing radiotoxicity concerns (when using micro-CT [μCT]) and elaborate invasive end point measurements (histology). We aimed to optimize and evaluate 3 different lung MRI contrast and acquisition methods to visualize disease onset and progression in the bleomycin-induced mouse model of lung fibrosis using a small-animal MRI scanner. For validation, we compared the MRI results with established μCT and histological measures of lung fibrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Free-breathing bleomycin-instilled and control mice were scanned in vivo with respiration-triggered conventional, ultrashort echo time and self-gated MRI pulse sequences (9.4 T) and μCT at baseline and weekly at days 7, 14, 21, and 28 after bleomycin instillation. After the last imaging time point, the mice were killed and the lungs were isolated for criterion standard histological analysis of lung fibrosis and quantification of lung collagen content for validation of the imaging results. The agreement between quantitative MRI and μCT data and standard measurements was analyzed by linear regression. RESULTS All 3 MRI protocols were able to visualize and quantify lung pathology onset and progression in individual bleomycin-instilled mice. In vivo MRI results were in excellent agreement with in vivo μCT and criterion standard histological measures of lung fibrosis. Ultrashort echo time MRI appeared particularly useful for detecting early disease; self-gated MRI, for improved breathing motion handling. DISCUSSION Magnetic resonance imaging sensitively visualizes and quantifies lung fibrosis in vivo, which makes it a noninvasive, translatable, safe, and potentially more versatile alternative to invasive methods or μCT, thereby stimulating pathogenesis and preclinical research.
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26
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Egger C, Cannet C, Gérard C, Dunbar A, Tigani B, Beckmann N. Hyaluronidase modulates bleomycin-induced lung injury detected noninvasively in small rodents by radial proton MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging 2015; 41:755-764. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Egger
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Analytical Sciences and Imaging; Basel Switzerland
- University of Basel; Biocenter; Basel Switzerland
| | - Catherine Cannet
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Analytical Sciences and Imaging; Basel Switzerland
| | - Christelle Gérard
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Analytical Sciences and Imaging; Basel Switzerland
| | - Andrew Dunbar
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Analytical Sciences and Imaging; Basel Switzerland
| | - Bruno Tigani
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Analytical Sciences and Imaging; Basel Switzerland
| | - Nicolau Beckmann
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Analytical Sciences and Imaging; Basel Switzerland
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27
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Cleveland ZI, Virgincar RS, Qi Y, Robertson SH, Degan S, Driehuys B. 3D MRI of impaired hyperpolarized 129Xe uptake in a rat model of pulmonary fibrosis. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2014; 27:1502-14. [PMID: 24816478 PMCID: PMC4229493 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A variety of pulmonary pathologies, in particular interstitial lung diseases, are characterized by thickening of the pulmonary blood-gas barrier, and this thickening results in reduced gas exchange. Such diffusive impairment is challenging to quantify spatially, because the distributions of the metabolically relevant gases (CO2 and O2) cannot be detected directly within the lungs. Hyperpolarized (HP) (129)Xe is a promising surrogate for these metabolic gases, because MR spectroscopy and imaging allow gaseous alveolar (129)Xe to be detected separately from (129)Xe dissolved in the red blood cells (RBCs) and the adjacent tissues, which comprise blood plasma and lung interstitium. Because (129)Xe reaches the RBCs by diffusing across the same barrier tissues (blood plasma and interstitium) as O2, barrier thickening will delay (129)Xe transit and, thus, reduce RBC-specific (129)Xe MR signal. Here we have exploited these properties to generate 3D, MR images of (129)Xe uptake by the RBCs in two groups of rats. In the experimental group, unilateral fibrotic injury was generated prior to imaging by instilling bleomycin into one lung. In the control group, a unilateral sham instillation of saline was performed. Uptake of (129)Xe by the RBCs, quantified as the fraction of RBC signal relative to total dissolved (129)Xe signal, was significantly reduced (P = 0.03) in the injured lungs of bleomycin-treated animals. In contrast, no significant difference (P = 0.56) was observed between the saline-treated and untreated lungs of control animals. Together, these results indicate that 3D MRI of HP (129)Xe dissolved in the pulmonary tissues can provide useful biomarkers of impaired diffusive gas exchange resulting from fibrotic thickening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zackary I. Cleveland
- Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Rohan, S. Virgincar
- Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Yi Qi
- Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Scott H. Robertson
- Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
- Graduate Program in Medical Physics; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Simone Degan
- Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
- Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Imaging, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Bastiaan Driehuys
- Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Graduate Program in Medical Physics; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
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28
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Egger C, Gérard C, Vidotto N, Accart N, Cannet C, Dunbar A, Tigani B, Piaia A, Jarai G, Jarman E, Schmid HA, Beckmann N. Lung volume quantified by MRI reflects extracellular-matrix deposition and altered pulmonary function in bleomycin models of fibrosis: effects of SOM230. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 306:L1064-77. [PMID: 24727584 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00027.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive and lethal disease, characterized by loss of lung elasticity and alveolar surface area, secondary to alveolar epithelial cell injury, reactive inflammation, proliferation of fibroblasts, and deposition of extracellular matrix. The effects of oropharyngeal aspiration of bleomycin in Sprague-Dawley rats and C57BL/6 mice, as well as of intratracheal administration of ovalbumin to actively sensitized Brown Norway rats on total lung volume as assessed noninvasively by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were investigated here. Lung injury and volume were quantified by using nongated or respiratory-gated MRI acquisitions [ultrashort echo time (UTE) or gradient-echo techniques]. Lung function of bleomycin-challenged rats was examined additionally using a flexiVent system. Postmortem analyses included histology of collagen and hydroxyproline assays. Bleomycin induced an increase of MRI-assessed total lung volume, lung dry and wet weights, and hydroxyproline content as well as collagen amount. In bleomycin-treated rats, gated MRI showed an increased volume of the lung in the inspiratory and expiratory phases of the respiratory cycle and a temporary decrease of tidal volume. Decreased dynamic lung compliance was found in bleomycin-challenged rats. Bleomycin-induced increase of MRI-detected lung volume was consistent with tissue deposition during fibrotic processes resulting in decreased lung elasticity, whereas influences by edema or emphysema could be excluded. In ovalbumin-challenged rats, total lung volume quantified by MRI remained unchanged. The somatostatin analog, SOM230, was shown to have therapeutic effects on established bleomycin-induced fibrosis in rats. This work suggests MRI-detected total lung volume as readout for tissue-deposition in small rodent bleomycin models of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Egger
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Analytical Sciences and Imaging, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Biocenter, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christelle Gérard
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Analytical Sciences and Imaging, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nella Vidotto
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Analytical Sciences and Imaging, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Accart
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Analytical Sciences and Imaging, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Cannet
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Analytical Sciences and Imaging, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Dunbar
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Analytical Sciences and Imaging, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Tigani
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Analytical Sciences and Imaging, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Piaia
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Preclinical Safety, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gabor Jarai
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Respiratory Diseases Department, Horsham, United Kingdom; and
| | - Elizabeth Jarman
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Respiratory Diseases Department, Horsham, United Kingdom; and
| | - Herbert A Schmid
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Oncology Department, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicolau Beckmann
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Analytical Sciences and Imaging, Basel, Switzerland;
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29
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Egger C, Cannet C, Gérard C, Debon C, Stohler N, Dunbar A, Tigani B, Li J, Beckmann N. Adriamycin-induced nephropathy in rats: Functional and cellular effects characterized by MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging 2014; 41:829-40. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Egger
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Analytical Sciences and Imaging; Basel Switzerland
- University of Basel; Biocenter; Basel Switzerland
| | - Catherine Cannet
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Analytical Sciences and Imaging; Basel Switzerland
| | - Christelle Gérard
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Analytical Sciences and Imaging; Basel Switzerland
| | - Corinne Debon
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Autoimmune Diseases; Transplantation & Inflammation Department; Basel Switzerland
| | - Nadine Stohler
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Autoimmune Diseases; Transplantation & Inflammation Department; Basel Switzerland
| | - Andrew Dunbar
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Analytical Sciences and Imaging; Basel Switzerland
| | - Bruno Tigani
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Analytical Sciences and Imaging; Basel Switzerland
| | - Jianping Li
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Autoimmune Diseases; Transplantation & Inflammation Department; Basel Switzerland
| | - Nicolau Beckmann
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Analytical Sciences and Imaging; Basel Switzerland
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30
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Egger C, Cannet C, Gérard C, Jarman E, Jarai G, Feige A, Suply T, Micard A, Dunbar A, Tigani B, Beckmann N. Administration of bleomycin via the oropharyngeal aspiration route leads to sustained lung fibrosis in mice and rats as quantified by UTE-MRI and histology. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63432. [PMID: 23667616 PMCID: PMC3646779 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis can be experimentally induced in small rodents by bleomycin. The antibiotic is usually administered via the intratracheal or intranasal routes. In the present study, we investigated the oropharyngeal aspiration of bleomycin as an alternative route for the induction of lung fibrosis in rats and mice. The development of lung injury was followed in vivo by ultrashort echo time magnetic resonance imaging (UTE-MRI) and by post-mortem analyses (histology of collagen, hydroxyproline determination, and qRT-PCR). In C57BL/6 mice, oropharyngeal aspiration of bleomycin led to more prominent lung fibrosis as compared to intranasal administration. Consequently, the oropharyngeal aspiration route allowed a dose reduction of bleomycin and, therewith, a model refinement. Moreover, the distribution of collagen after oropharyngeal aspiration of bleomycin was more homogenous than after intranasal administration: for the oropharyngeal aspiration route, fibrotic areas appeared all over the lung lobes, while for the intranasal route fibrotic lesions appeared mainly around the largest superior airways. Thus, oropharyngeal aspiration of bleomycin induced morphological changes that were more comparable to the human disease than the intranasal administration route did. Oropharyngeal aspiration of bleomycin led to a homogeneous fibrotic injury also in rat lungs. The present data suggest oropharyngeal aspiration of bleomycin as a less invasive means to induce homogeneous and sustained fibrosis in the lungs of mice and rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Egger
- Global Imaging Group, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
- Biocenter, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Cannet
- Global Imaging Group, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christelle Gérard
- Global Imaging Group, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elizabeth Jarman
- Respiratory Diseases Department, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Horsham, United Kingdom
| | - Gabor Jarai
- Respiratory Diseases Department, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Horsham, United Kingdom
| | - Agnès Feige
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways Department, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Suply
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways Department, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Arthur Micard
- Global Imaging Group, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Dunbar
- Global Imaging Group, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Tigani
- Global Imaging Group, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicolau Beckmann
- Global Imaging Group, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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31
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Babin AL, Cannet C, Gérard C, Saint-Mezard P, Page CP, Sparrer H, Matsuguchi T, Beckmann N. Bleomycin-induced lung injury in mice investigated by MRI: model assessment for target analysis. Magn Reson Med 2011; 67:499-509. [PMID: 21656559 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.23009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Revised: 03/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used to follow the course of bleomycin-induced lung injury in mice and to investigate two knockout mouse lines with the aim of providing potential therapeutic targets. Bleomycin (0.25 mg/kg) was administered intranasally six times, once a day. MRI was carried out on spontaneously breathing animals up to day 70 after bleomycin. Neither cardiac nor respiratory gating was applied during image acquisition. A long lasting response following bleomycin has been detected by MRI in the lungs of male C57BL/6 mice. Histology showed that, from day 14-70 after bleomycin, fibrosis was the predominant component of the injury. Female C57BL/6 mice displayed a smaller response than males. Bleomycin-induced injury was significantly more pronounced in C57BL/6 than in Balb/C mice. MRI and histology demonstrated a protection against bleomycin insult in female heterozygous and male homozygous cancer Osaka thyroid kinase knockout animals. In contrast, no protection was seen in cadherin-11 knockout animals. In summary, MRI can quantify, in spontaneously breathing mice, bleomycin-induced lung injury. With the ability for repetitive measurements in the same animal, the technique is attractive for in vivo target analysis and compound profiling in this murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Babin
- Global Imaging Group, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
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van Echteld CJA, Beckmann N. A View on Imaging in Drug Research and Development for Respiratory Diseases. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2011; 337:335-349. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.110.172635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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