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Contijoch F, Rasche V, Seiberlich N, Peters DC. The future of CMR: All-in-one vs. real-time CMR (Part 2). J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2024; 26:100998. [PMID: 38237901 PMCID: PMC11211235 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocmr.2024.100998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) protocols can be lengthy and complex, which has driven the research community to develop new technologies to make these protocols more efficient and patient-friendly. Two different approaches to improving CMR have been proposed, specifically "all-in-one" CMR, where several contrasts and/or motion states are acquired simultaneously, and "real-time" CMR, in which the examination is accelerated to avoid the need for breathholding and/or cardiac gating. The goal of this two-part manuscript is to describe these two different types of emerging rapid CMR protocols. To this end, the vision of all-in-one and real-time imaging are described, along with techniques which have been devised and tested along the pathway of clinical implementation. The pros and cons of the different methods are presented, and the remaining open needs of each are detailed. Part 1 tackles the "All-in-One" approaches, and Part 2 focuses on the "Real-Time" approaches along with an overall summary of these emerging methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Volker Rasche
- Ulm University Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine II, Ulm, Germany
| | - Nicole Seiberlich
- Michigan Institute for Imaging Technology and Translation, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Yang J, Wang F, Wang Z, Zhang W, Xie L, Wang L. Evaluation of late gadolinium enhancement cardiac MRI using deep learning reconstruction. Acta Radiol 2023; 64:2714-2721. [PMID: 37700572 DOI: 10.1177/02841851231192786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deep learning (DL)-based methods have been used to improve the imaging quality of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by denoising. PURPOSE To assess the effects of DL-based MR reconstruction (DLR) method on late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) image quality. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 85 patients who underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) examination, including LGE imaging using conventional construction and DLR with varying levels of noise reduction (NR) levels, were included. Both magnitude LGE (MLGE) and phase-sensitive LGE (PSLGE) images were reviewed independently by double-blinded observers who used a 5-point Likert scale for multiple measures regarding image quality. Meanwhile, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and edge sharpness of images were calculated and compared between conventional LGE imaging and DLR LGE imaging. RESULTS Both MLGE and PSLGE with DLR at 50% and 75% noise reduction levels received significantly higher scores than conventional imaging for overall imaging quality (all P < 0.01). In addition, the SNR, CNR, and edge sharpness of all DLR LGE imaging are higher than conventional imaging (all P < 0.01). The highest subjective score and best image quality is obtained when the DLR noise reduction level is at 75%. CONCLUSION DLR reduced image noise while improving image contrast and sharpness in the cardiovascular LGE imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, PR China
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Cangzhou, PR China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Cangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhirong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Cangzhou, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Cangzhou, PR China
| | - Lizhi Xie
- GE Healthcare, MR Research China, Beijing, PR China
| | - LiXin Wang
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, PR China
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Cangzhou, PR China
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Allen JJ, Keegan J, Mathew G, Conway M, Jenkins S, Pennell DJ, Nielles-Vallespin S, Gatehouse P, Babu-Narayan SV. Fully-modelled blood-focused variable inversion times for 3D late gadolinium-enhanced imaging. Magn Reson Imaging 2023; 98:44-54. [PMID: 36581215 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2022.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Variable heart rate during single-cycle inversion-recovery Late Gadolinium-Enhanced (LGE) scanning degrades image quality, which can be mitigated using Variable Inversion Times (VTIs) in real-time response to R-R interval changes. We investigate in vivo and in simulations an extension of a single-cycle VTI method previously applied in 3D LGE imaging, that now fully models the longitudinal magnetisation (fmVTI). METHODS The VTI and fmVTI methods were used to perform 3D LGE scans for 28 3D LGE patients, with qualitative image quality scores assigned for left atrial wall clarity and total ghosting. Accompanying simulations of numerical phantom images were assessed in terms of ghosting of normal myocardium, blood, and myocardial scar. RESULTS The numerical simulations for fmVTI showed a significant decrease in blood ghosting (VTI: 410 ± 710, fmVTI: 68 ± 40, p < 0.0005) and scar ghosting (VTI: 830 ± 1300, fmVTI: 510 ± 730, p < 0.02). Despite this, there was no significant change in qualitative image quality scores, either for left atrial wall clarity (VTI: 2.0 ± 1.0, fmVTI: 1.8 ± 1.0, p > 0.1) or for total ghosting (VTI: 1.9 ± 1.0, fmVTI: 2.0 ± 1.0, p > 0.7). CONCLUSIONS Simulations indicated reduced ghosting with the fmVTI method, due to reduced Mz variability in the blood signal. However, other sources of phase-encode ghosting and blurring appeared to dominate and obscure this finding in the patient studies available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack J Allen
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Royal Brompton Hospital. Part of Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Keegan
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Royal Brompton Hospital. Part of Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - George Mathew
- Royal Brompton Hospital. Part of Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Miriam Conway
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Royal Brompton Hospital. Part of Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Jenkins
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Royal Brompton Hospital. Part of Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dudley J Pennell
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Royal Brompton Hospital. Part of Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sonia Nielles-Vallespin
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Royal Brompton Hospital. Part of Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Gatehouse
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Royal Brompton Hospital. Part of Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Sonya V Babu-Narayan
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Royal Brompton Hospital. Part of Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Petrusca L, Croisille P, Augeul L, Ovize M, Mewton N, Viallon M. Cardioprotective effects of shock wave therapy: A cardiac magnetic resonance imaging study on acute ischemia-reperfusion injury. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1134389. [PMID: 37180809 PMCID: PMC10172681 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1134389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cardioprotection strategies remain a new frontier in treating acute myocardial infarction (AMI), aiming at further protect the myocardium from the ischemia-reperfusion damage. Therefore, we aimed at investigating the mechano-transduction effects induced by shock waves (SW) therapy at time of the ischemia reperfusion as a non-invasive cardioprotective innovative approach to trigger healing molecular mechanisms. Methods We evaluated the SW therapy effects in an open-chest pig ischemia-reperfusion (IR) model, with quantitative cardiac Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging performed along the experiments at multiple time points (baseline (B), during ischemia (I), at early reperfusion (ER) (∼15 min), and late reperfusion (LR) (3 h)). AMI was obtained by a left anterior artery temporary occlusion (50 min) in 18 pigs (32 ± 1.9 kg) randomized into SW therapy and control groups. In the SW therapy group, treatment was started at the end of the ischemia period and extended during early reperfusion (600 + 1,200 shots @0.09 J/mm2, f = 5 Hz). The MR protocol included at all time points LV global function assessment, regional strain quantification, native T1 and T2 parametric mapping. Then, after contrast injection (gadolinium), we obtained late gadolinium imaging and extra-cellular volume (ECV) mapping. Before animal sacrifice, Evans blue dye was administrated after re-occlusion for area-at-risk sizing. Results During ischemia, LVEF decreased in both groups (25 ± 4.8% in controls (p = 0.031), 31.6 ± 3.2% in SW (p = 0.02). After reperfusion, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) remained significantly decreased in controls (39.9 ± 4% at LR vs. 60 ± 5% at baseline (p = 0.02). In the SW group, LVEF increased quickly ER (43.7 ± 11.4% vs. 52.4 ± 8.2%), and further improved at LR (49.4 ± 10.1) (ER vs. LR p = 0.05), close to baseline reference (LR vs. B p = 0.92). Furthermore, there was no significant difference in myocardial relaxation time (i.e. edema) after reperfusion in the intervention group compared to the control group: ΔT1 (MI vs. remote) was increased by 23.2±% for SW vs. +25.2% for the controls, while ΔT2 (MI vs. remote) increased by +24.9% for SW vs. +21.7% for the control group. Discussion In conclusion, we showed in an ischemia-reperfusion open-chest swine model that SW therapy, when applied near the relief of 50' LAD occlusion, led to a nearly immediate cardioprotective effect translating to a reduction in the acute ischemia-reperfusion lesion size and to a significant LV function improvement. These new and promising results related to the multi-targeted effects of SW therapy in IR injury need to be confirmed by further in-vivo studies in close chest models with longitudinal follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Petrusca
- Univ Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, INSA, CNRS UMR 5520, INSERM U1206, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Pierre Croisille
- Univ Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, INSA, CNRS UMR 5520, INSERM U1206, Saint-Etienne, France
- Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint- Etienne, Université Jean-Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Lionel Augeul
- INSERM UMR 1060, CARMEN Laboratory, Université Lyon 1, Faculté de Medecine, Rockfeller, Lyon, France
| | - Michel Ovize
- INSERM UMR 1060, CARMEN Laboratory, Université Lyon 1, Faculté de Medecine, Rockfeller, Lyon, France
- Heart Failure Department, Clinical Investigation Center, Inserm 1407, HCL—Lyon, France
| | - Nathan Mewton
- INSERM UMR 1060, CARMEN Laboratory, Université Lyon 1, Faculté de Medecine, Rockfeller, Lyon, France
- Heart Failure Department, Clinical Investigation Center, Inserm 1407, HCL—Lyon, France
| | - Magalie Viallon
- Univ Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, INSA, CNRS UMR 5520, INSERM U1206, Saint-Etienne, France
- Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint- Etienne, Université Jean-Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France
- Correspondence: Magalie Viallon
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Ding Y, Xie W, Wong KKL, Liao Z. Classification of myocardial fibrosis in DE-MRI based on semi-supervised semantic segmentation and dual attention mechanism. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 225:107041. [PMID: 35994871 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.107041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is essential to utilize cardiac delayed-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DE-MRI) to diagnose cardiovascular disease. By segmenting myocardium DE-MRI images, it provides critical information for the evaluation and treatment of myocardial infarction. As a consequence, it is vital to investigate the segmentation and classification technique of myocardial DE-MRI. METHODS Firstly, an end-to-end minimally supervised and semi-supervised semantic DE-MRI myocardial fibrosis segmentation framework is proposed, which combines image classification and semantic segmentation branches based on the self-attention mechanism. Following that, a residual hole network fused with the dual attention mechanism was built, and a double attention metabolic pathway classification method for cardiac fibrosis in DE-MRI images was developed. RESULTS By adding pixel-level labels to an extra 40 training images, the segmentation model may enhance semantic segmentation performance by 2.6 percent (from 61.2 percent to 63.8 percent). When the number of pixel-level labels is increased to 80, semi-supervised feature extraction increases by 4.7 percent when compared to weakly guided semantic segmentation. Adding an attention mechanism to the critical network DRN (Deep Residual Network) can increase the classifier's performance by a small amount. Experiments revealed that the models worked effectively. CONCLUSION This paper investigates the segmentation and classification of cardiac fibrosis in DE-MRI data using a semi-supervised semantic segmentation and dual attention mechanism, dealing with the issue that existing segmentation algorithms have difficulty segmenting myocardial fibrosis tissue. In the future, we can consider optimizing the design of the attention module to reduce the module computation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Ding
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Weifang Xie
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Kelvin K L Wong
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China.
| | - Zhifang Liao
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China.
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CMRSegTools: An open-source software enabling reproducible research in segmentation of acute myocardial infarct in CMR images. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274491. [PMID: 36099286 PMCID: PMC9469999 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, a large number of clinical trials have been deployed using Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) to evaluate cardioprotective strategies aiming at reducing the irreversible myocardial damage at the time of reperfusion. In these studies, segmentation and quantification of myocardial infarct lesion are often performed with a commercial software or an in-house closed-source code development thus creating a barrier for reproducible research. This paper introduces CMRSegTools: an open-source application software designed for the segmentation and quantification of myocardial infarct lesion enabling full access to state-of-the-art segmentation methods and parameters, easy integration of new algorithms and standardised results sharing. This post-processing tool has been implemented as a plug-in for the OsiriX/Horos DICOM viewer leveraging its database management functionalities and user interaction features to provide a bespoke tool for the analysis of cardiac MR images on large clinical cohorts. CMRSegTools includes, among others, user-assisted segmentation of the left-ventricle, semi- and automatic lesion segmentation methods, advanced statistical analysis and visualisation based on the American Heart Association 17-segment model. New segmentation methods can be integrated into the plug-in by developing components based on image processing and visualisation libraries such as ITK and VTK in C++ programming language. CMRSegTools allows the creation of training and testing data sets (labeled features such as lesion, microvascular obstruction and remote ROI) for supervised Machine Learning methods, and enables the comparative assessment of lesion segmentation methods via a single and integrated platform. The plug-in has been successfully used by several CMR imaging studies.
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Compact pediatric cardiac magnetic resonance imaging protocols. Pediatr Radiol 2022:10.1007/s00247-022-05447-y. [PMID: 35821442 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-022-05447-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac MRI is in many respects an ideal modality for pediatric cardiovascular imaging, enabling a complete noninvasive assessment of anatomy, morphology, function and flow in one radiation-free and potentially non-contrast exam. Nonetheless, traditionally lengthy and complex imaging acquisition strategies have often limited its broader use beyond specialized centers. In this review, the author presents practical cardiac MRI imaging protocols to facilitate the performance of succinct yet successful exams that provide the most salient clinical data for the majority of congenital and acquired pediatric cardiac disease. In addition, the author reviews newer and evolving techniques that permit more rapid but similarly diagnostic MRI, including compressed sensing and artificial intelligence/machine learning reconstruction, four-dimensional flow acquisition and blood pool contrast agents. With the modern armamentarium of cardiac MRI methods, the goal of compact yet comprehensive exams in children can now be realized.
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Ma P, Shang Y, Hu Y, Liu J, Zhou X, Wang J. Linear late gadolinium enhancement in the basal anterior septum and lateral wall may represent the contrast enhancement of vessels: A CMR and CCTA comparison study. J Cardiol 2021; 79:581-587. [PMID: 34815134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2021.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this paper was to verify that the linear high-intensity signal on late gadolinium enhancement-cardiac magnetic resonance (LGE-CMR) may represent the contrast enhancement of vessels rather than scars or fibrosis, and to assess whether this linear high-intensity signal will affect the quantification of myocardial fibrosis in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). METHODS A total of 58 patients who underwent both coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and LGE-CMR in our hospital were ultimately enrolled. The definitions of positive linear LGE (LLGE+) were as follows: (1) LLGE in the basal anterior septum or lateral wall, and (2) LLGE observable at 10 mm or more. All other patients were regarded as negative LLGE (LLGE-). In LLGE+ patients, the length of the LLGE located in the anterior septum and lateral wall was compared with the length of the septal perforator artery and the circumflex artery on CCTA, respectively. For nine patients with HCM, the LGE% was measured before and after removal of LLGE. RESULTS Among the 58 patients, 40 showed LLGE+ and 18 showed LLGE-. For patients with LLGE in the anterior septum, there was a strong correlation between LLGE and anterior septal perforator arteries in length (r=0.887, p<0.001). For patients with LLGE in the lateral wall, LLGE also correlated well with the circumflex arteries in length (r=0.962, p<0.001). In nine patients with HCM, the LGE% decreased significantly after the removal of LLGE [9.50 (7.70 - 17.35)% vs. 8.80 (6.20 - 15.55)%, p<0.05]. CONCLUSIONS The LLGE in the anterior septum and lateral wall may represent contrast enhancement of the anterior septal perforator artery and the circumflex artery, respectively. This LLGE may overestimate the extent of myocardial fibrosis in patients with HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peisong Ma
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yongning Shang
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.
| | - Yurou Hu
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | | | - Jian Wang
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
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Muscogiuri G, Martini C, Gatti M, Dell'Aversana S, Ricci F, Guglielmo M, Baggiano A, Fusini L, Bracciani A, Scafuri S, Andreini D, Mushtaq S, Conte E, Gripari P, Annoni AD, Formenti A, Mancini ME, Bonfanti L, Guaricci AI, Janich MA, Rabbat MG, Pompilio G, Pepi M, Pontone G. Feasibility of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) in ischemic cardiomyopathy using 2D-multisegment LGE combined with artificial intelligence reconstruction deep learning noise reduction algorithm. Int J Cardiol 2021; 343:164-170. [PMID: 34517017 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2021.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the low spatial resolution of 2D-multisegment late gadolinium enhancement (2D-MSLGE) sequences, it may be useful in uncooperative patients instead of standard 2D single segmented inversion recovery gradient echo late gadolinium enhancement sequences (2D-SSLGE). The aim of the study is to assess the feasibility and comparison of 2D-MSLGE reconstructed with artificial intelligence reconstruction deep learning noise reduction (NR) algorithm compared to standard 2D-SSLGE in consecutive patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM). METHODS Fifty-seven patients with known ICM referred for a clinically indicated CMR were enrolled in this study. 2D-MSLGE were reconstructed using a growing level of NR (0%,25%,50%,75%and 100%). Subjective image quality, signal to noise ratio (SNR) and contrast to noise ratio (CNR) were evaluated in each dataset and compared to standard 2D-SSLGE. Moreover, diagnostic accuracy, LGE mass and scan time were compared between 2D-MSLGE with NR and 2D-SSLGE. RESULTS The application of NR reconstruction ≥50% to 2D-MSLGE provided better subjective image quality, CNR and SNR compared to 2D-SSLGE (p < 0.01). The best compromise in terms of subjective and objective image quality was observed for values of 2D-MSLGE 75%, while no differences were found in terms of LGE quantification between 2D-MSLGE versus 2D-SSLGE, regardless the NR applied. The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value and accuracy of 2D-MSLGE NR 75% were 87.77%,96.27%,96.13%,88.16% and 94.22%, respectively. Time of acquisition of 2D-MSLGE was significantly shorter compared to 2D-SSLGE (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION When compared to standard 2D-SSLGE, the application of NR reconstruction to 2D-MSLGE provides superior image quality with similar diagnostic accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiara Martini
- Diagnostic Department, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Gatti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology Institute, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Laura Fusini
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Aurora Bracciani
- Institute of Radiology, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | | | - Daniele Andreini
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrea Igoren Guaricci
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University Hospital "Policlinico Consorziale" of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Mark G Rabbat
- Loyola University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America; Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL, United States of America
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Pepi
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Stoeck CT, von Deuster C, Fuetterer M, Polacin M, Waschkies CF, van Gorkum RJH, Kron M, Fleischmann T, Cesarovic N, Weisskopf M, Kozerke S. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging of functional and microstructural changes of the heart in a longitudinal pig model of acute to chronic myocardial infarction. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2021; 23:103. [PMID: 34538266 PMCID: PMC8451129 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-021-00794-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined the dynamic response of the myocardium to infarction in a longitudinal porcine study using relaxometry, functional as well as diffusion cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). We sought to compare non contrast CMR methods like relaxometry and in-vivo diffusion to contrast enhanced imaging and investigate the link of microstructural and functional changes in the acute and chronically infarcted heart. METHODS CMR was performed on five myocardial infarction pigs and four healthy controls. In the infarction group, measurements were obtained 2 weeks before 90 min occlusion of the left circumflex artery, 6 days after ischemia and at 5 as well as 9 weeks as chronic follow-up. The timing of measurements was replicated in the control cohort. Imaging consisted of functional cine imaging, 3D tagging, T2 mapping, native as well as gadolinium enhanced T1 mapping, cardiac diffusion tensor imaging, and late gadolinium enhancement imaging. RESULTS Native T1, extracellular volume (ECV) and mean diffusivity (MD) were significantly elevated in the infarcted region while fractional anisotropy (FA) was significantly reduced. During the transition from acute to chronic stages, native T1 presented minor changes (< 3%). ECV as well as MD increased from acute to the chronic stages compared to baseline: ECV: 125 ± 24% (day 6) 157 ± 24% (week 5) 146 ± 60% (week 9), MD: 17 ± 7% (day 6) 33 ± 14% (week 5) 29 ± 15% (week 9) and FA was further reduced: - 31 ± 10% (day 6) - 38 ± 8% (week 5) - 36 ± 14% (week 9). T2 as marker for myocardial edema was significantly increased in the ischemic area only during the acute stage (83 ± 3 ms infarction vs. 58 ± 2 ms control p < 0.001 and 61 ± 2 ms in the remote area p < 0.001). The analysis of functional imaging revealed reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, global longitudinal strain and torsion in the infarct group. At the same time the transmural helix angle (HA) gradient was steeper in the chronic follow-up and a correlation between longitudinal strain and transmural HA gradient was detected (r = 0.59 with p < 0.05). Comparing non-gadolinium enhanced data T2 mapping showed the largest relative change between infarct and remote during the acute stage (+ 33 ± 4% day 6, with p = 0.013 T2 vs. MD, p = 0.009 T2 vs. FA and p = 0.01 T2 vs. T1) while FA exhibited the largest relative change between infarct and remote during the chronic follow-up (+ 31 ± 2% week 5, with p = N.S. FA vs. MD, p = 0.03 FA vs. T2 and p = 0.003 FA vs. T1). Overall, diffusion parameters provided a higher contrast (> 23% for MD and > 27% for FA) during follow-up compared to relaxometry (T1 17-18%/T2 10-20%). CONCLUSION During chronic follow-up after myocardial infarction, cardiac diffusion tensor imaging provides a higher sensitivity for mapping microstructural alterations when compared to non-contrast enhanced relaxometry with the added benefit of providing directional tensor information to assess remodelling of myocyte aggregate orientations, which cannot be otherwise assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian T. Stoeck
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Constantin von Deuster
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maximilian Fuetterer
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Malgorzata Polacin
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Conny F. Waschkies
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Robbert J. H. van Gorkum
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mareike Kron
- Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thea Fleischmann
- Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nikola Cesarovic
- Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Translational Cardiovascular Technologies, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Miriam Weisskopf
- Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Kozerke
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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Gómez-Talavera S, Fernandez-Jimenez R, Fuster V, Nothnagel ND, Kouwenhoven M, Clemence M, García-Lunar I, Gómez-Rubín MC, Navarro F, Pérez-Asenjo B, Fernández-Friera L, Calero MJ, Orejas M, Cabrera JA, Desco M, Pizarro G, Ibáñez B, Sánchez-González J. Clinical Validation of a 3-Dimensional Ultrafast Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Protocol Including Single Breath-Hold 3-Dimensional Sequences. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2021; 14:1742-1754. [PMID: 33865783 PMCID: PMC8421247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2021.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study sought to clinically validate a novel 3-dimensional (3D) ultrafast cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) protocol including cine (anatomy and function) and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), each in a single breath-hold. BACKGROUND CMR is the reference tool for cardiac imaging but is time-consuming. METHODS A protocol comprising isotropic 3D cine (Enhanced sensitivity encoding [SENSE] by Static Outer volume Subtraction [ESSOS]) and isotropic 3D LGE sequences was compared with a standard cine+LGE protocol in a prospective study of 107 patients (age 58 ± 11 years; 24% female). Left ventricular (LV) mass, volumes, and LV and right ventricular (RV) ejection fraction (LVEF, RVEF) were assessed by 3D ESSOS and 2D cine CMR. LGE (% LV) was assessed using 3D and 2D sequences. RESULTS Three-dimensional and LGE acquisitions lasted 24 and 22 s, respectively. Three-dimensional and LGE images were of good quality and allowed quantification in all cases. Mean LVEF by 3D and 2D CMR were 51 ± 12% and 52 ± 12%, respectively, with excellent intermethod agreement (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]: 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.94 to 0.97) and insignificant bias. Mean RVEF 3D and 2D CMR were 60.4 ± 5.4% and 59.7 ± 5.2%, respectively, with acceptable intermethod agreement (ICC: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.63 to 0.81) and insignificant bias. Both 2D and 3D LGE showed excellent agreement, and intraobserver and interobserver agreement were excellent for 3D LGE. CONCLUSIONS ESSOS single breath-hold 3D CMR allows accurate assessment of heart anatomy and function. Combining ESSOS with 3D LGE allows complete cardiac examination in <1 min of acquisition time. This protocol expands the indication for CMR, reduces costs, and increases patient comfort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Gómez-Talavera
- Clinical Research Department, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Cardiology, IIS-Hospital Fundacion Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Fernandez-Jimenez
- Clinical Research Department, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain; Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Valentín Fuster
- Clinical Research Department, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | - Inés García-Lunar
- Clinical Research Department, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain; Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Quiron UEM, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Felipe Navarro
- Department of Cardiology, IIS-Hospital Fundacion Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Braulio Pérez-Asenjo
- Clinical Research Department, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Leticia Fernández-Friera
- Clinical Research Department, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain; Department of Cardiology, Hospital Montepríncipe-CEU, Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Calero
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universtario Rey Juan Carlos-Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Orejas
- Department of Cardiology, IIS-Hospital Fundacion Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - José A Cabrera
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Quiron UEM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Desco
- Clinical Research Department, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aerospacial, Universidad Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Pizarro
- Clinical Research Department, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain; Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Quiron UEM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Borja Ibáñez
- Clinical Research Department, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Cardiology, IIS-Hospital Fundacion Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain.
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12
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Schwartz SM, Pathrose A, Serhal AM, Ragin AB, Charron J, Knight BP, Passman RS, Avery RJ, Kim D. Evaluation of image quality of wideband single-shot late gadolinium-enhancement MRI in patients with a cardiac implantable electronic device. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2020; 32:138-147. [PMID: 33146422 DOI: 10.1111/jce.14798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While wideband segmented, breath-hold late gadolinium-enhancement (LGE) cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) has been shown to suppress image artifacts associated with cardiac-implanted electronic devices (CIEDs), it may produce image artifacts in patients with arrhythmia and/or dyspnea. Single-shot LGE is capable of suppressing said artifacts. We sought to compare the performance of wideband single-shot free-breathing LGE against the standard and wideband-segmented LGEs in CIED patients. METHODS AND RESULTS We retrospectively identified all 54 consecutive patients (mean age: 61 ± 15 years; 31% females) with CIED who had undergone CMR with standard segmented, wideband segmented, and/or wideband single-shot LGE sequences as part of quality assurance for determining best clinical practice at 1.5 T. Two raters independently graded the conspicuity of myocardial scar or normal myocardium and the presence of device artifact level on a 5-point Likert scale (1: worst; 3: acceptable; 5: best). Summed visual score (SVS) was calculated as the sum of conspicuity and artifact scores (SVS ≥ 6 defined as diagnostically interpretable). Median conspicuity and artifact scores were significantly better for wideband single-shot LGE (F = 24.2, p < .001) and wideband-segmented LGE (F = 20.6, p < .001) compared to standard-segmented LGE. Among evaluated myocardial segments, 72% were deemed diagnostically interpretable-defined as SVS ≥ 6-for standard-segmented LGE, 89% were deemed diagnostically interpretable for wideband-segmented LGE, and 94% segments were deemed diagnostically interpretable for wideband single-shot LGE. CONCLUSIONS Wideband single-shot LGE and wideband-segmented LGE produced similarly improved image quality compared to standard LGE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Schwartz
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ashitha Pathrose
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ali M Serhal
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ann B Ragin
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jessica Charron
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Bradley P Knight
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Rod S Passman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ryan J Avery
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniel Kim
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Nakamura M, Kido T, Hirai K, Tabo K, Tanabe Y, Kawaguchi N, Kurata A, Kido T, Yamaguchi O, Mochizuki T. What is the mid-wall linear high intensity "lesion" on cardiovascular magnetic resonance late gadolinium enhancement? J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2020; 22:66. [PMID: 32921308 PMCID: PMC7488664 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-020-00665-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) is a valuable technique for detecting myocardial disorders and fibrosis. However, we sometimes observe a linear, mid-wall high intensity signal in the basal septum in the short axis view, which often presents diagnostic difficulties in the clinical setting. The purpose of this study was to compare the linear, mid-wall high intensity in the basal septum identified by LGE with the anterior septal perforator arteries identified by coronary computed tomography angiography (CorCTA). METHODS We retrospectively selected 148 patients who underwent both CorCTA and CMR LGE within 1 year. In the interpretation of LGE, we defined a positive linear high intensity (LHI+) as follows: ① LHI in the basal septum and ② observable for 1.5 cm or more. All other patients were defined as a negative LHI (LHI-). In LHI+ patients, we assessed the correlation between the LHI length and the septal perforator artery length on CorCTA. We also compared the length of the septal perforator artery on CorCTA between LHI+ patients and LHI- patients. RESULTS A population of 111 patients were used for further analysis. Among these , there were 55 LHI+ patients and 56 LHI- patients. In LHI+ patients, linear regression analysis revealed that there was a good agreement between LGE LHI and septal perforator arteries by CorCTA in terms of length measurements. The measured length of the anterior septal perforator arteries was significantly shorter in LHI- patients than in LHI+ patients (10 ± 8 mm vs. 21 ± 8 mm; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The LHI observed in the basal septum on short axis LGE may reflect contrast enhancement of the anterior septal perforator arteries. It is important to interpret this septal LHI against knowledge of anatomic structure, to avoid misinterpretations of LGE and prevent misdiagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Nakamura
- Department of Radiology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295 Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kido
- Department of Radiology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295 Japan
| | - Kuniaki Hirai
- Department of Radiology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295 Japan
| | - Kohei Tabo
- Department of Radiology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295 Japan
| | - Yuki Tanabe
- Department of Radiology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295 Japan
| | - Naoto Kawaguchi
- Department of Radiology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295 Japan
| | - Akira Kurata
- Department of Radiology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295 Japan
| | - Teruhito Kido
- Department of Radiology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295 Japan
| | - Osamu Yamaguchi
- Department of Cardiology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295 Japan
| | - Teruhito Mochizuki
- Department of Radiology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295 Japan
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Zabihollahy F, Rajan S, Ukwatta E. Machine Learning-Based Segmentation of Left Ventricular Myocardial Fibrosis from Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Curr Cardiol Rep 2020; 22:65. [PMID: 32562100 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-020-01321-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Myocardial fibrosis (MF) arises due to myocardial infarction and numerous cardiac diseases. MF may lead to several heart disorders, such as heart failure, arrhythmias, and ischemia. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging techniques, such as late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) CMR, enable non-invasive assessment of MF in the left ventricle (LV). Manual assessment of MF on CMR is a tedious and time-consuming task that is subject to high observer variability. Automated segmentation and quantification of MF is important for risk stratification and treatment planning in patients with heart disorders. This article aims to review the machine learning (ML)-based methodologies developed for MF quantification in the LV using CMR images. RECENT FINDINGS With the availability of relatively large labeled datasets supervised learning methods based on both conventional ML and state-of-the-art deep learning (DL) methods have been successfully applied for automated segmentation of MF. The incorporation of ML algorithms into imaging techniques such as 3D LGE CMR permits fast characterization of MF on CMR imaging and may enhance the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with heart disorders. Concurrently, the studies using cine CMR images have revealed that accurate segmentation of MF on non-contrast CMR imaging might be possible. The application of ML/DL tools in CMR image interpretation is likely to result in accurate and efficient quantification of MF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Zabihollahy
- Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - S Rajan
- Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - E Ukwatta
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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15
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Quantification of late gadolinium enhancement cardiovascular MRI in patients with coronary artery chronic total occlusion. Clin Radiol 2020; 75:643.e19-643.e26. [PMID: 32418670 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2020.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
AIM To determine the most accurate and reproducible semi-automated greyscale thresholding technique for quantifying late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) in cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI), by using positron-emission tomography (PET) as the reference standard in patients with coronary artery chronic total occlusion (CTO). MATERIALS AND METHODS LGE in CMRI, single-photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT), and PET were performed within 1 week in each of 63 patients with known CTO. The presence and quantity of LGE were determined with greyscale thresholds of 2, 4, 5, 6, and 8 standard deviations (SDs) above the mean signal intensity for normal remote myocardium and full width at half maximum (FWHM). The infarcted myocardium was delineated by PET. RESULTS Sixty-three patients and 1,008 segments were analysed. Based on patient analysis, with PET as the reference standard, the 5 SD method yielded the strongest correlation (r=0.85, p<0.0001) compared with the 2 SDs (r=0.42), 4 SDs (r=0.73), 6 SDs (r=0.81), 8 SDs (r=0.71), and FWHM (r=0.69; p<0.001 for all comparisons). The 5 SDs threshold quantification showed high interobserver and intra-observer agreement (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]=0.90, p<0.0001; ICC=0.93, p<0.0001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Semi-automated LGE CMRI greyscale thresholding with 5 SDs above the mean signal intensity for normal remote myocardium yields the strongest correlation to the extent of LGE identified using PET and is highly reproducible in patients with CTO.
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Zabihollahy F, Rajchl M, White JA, Ukwatta E. Fully automated segmentation of left ventricular scar from 3D late gadolinium enhancement magnetic resonance imaging using a cascaded multi‐planar U‐Net (CMPU‐Net). Med Phys 2020; 47:1645-1655. [DOI: 10.1002/mp.14022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Zabihollahy
- Department of Systems and Computer Engineering Carleton University Ottawa ON Canada
| | - Martin Rajchl
- Department of Computing and Medicine Imperial College London London ON Canada
| | - James A. White
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada
| | - Eranga Ukwatta
- School of Engineering University of Guelph Guelph ON Canada
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17
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Diagnostic Accuracy of Single-shot 2-Dimensional Multisegment Late Gadolinium Enhancement in Ischemic and Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy. J Thorac Imaging 2020; 35:56-63. [PMID: 30870309 DOI: 10.1097/rti.0000000000000402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Ibanez B, Aletras AH, Arai AE, Arheden H, Bax J, Berry C, Bucciarelli-Ducci C, Croisille P, Dall'Armellina E, Dharmakumar R, Eitel I, Fernández-Jiménez R, Friedrich MG, García-Dorado D, Hausenloy DJ, Kim RJ, Kozerke S, Kramer CM, Salerno M, Sánchez-González J, Sanz J, Fuster V. Cardiac MRI Endpoints in Myocardial Infarction Experimental and Clinical Trials: JACC Scientific Expert Panel. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 74:238-256. [PMID: 31296297 PMCID: PMC7363031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
After a reperfused myocardial infarction (MI), dynamic tissue changes occur (edema, inflammation, microvascular obstruction, hemorrhage, cardiomyocyte necrosis, and ultimately replacement by fibrosis). The extension and magnitude of these changes contribute to long-term prognosis after MI. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is the gold-standard technique for noninvasive myocardial tissue characterization. CMR is also the preferred methodology for the identification of potential benefits associated with new cardioprotective strategies both in experimental and clinical trials. However, there is a wide heterogeneity in CMR methodologies used in experimental and clinical trials, including time of post-MI scan, acquisition protocols, and, more importantly, selection of endpoints. There is a need for standardization of these methodologies to improve the translation into a real clinical benefit. The main objective of this scientific expert panel consensus document is to provide recommendations for CMR endpoint selection in experimental and clinical trials based on pathophysiology and its association with hard outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Ibanez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain; Cardiology Department, IIS Fundación Jiménez Díaz Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Anthony H Aletras
- Laboratory of Computing, Medical Informatics and Biomedical-Imaging Technologies, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Clinical Physiology, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Andrew E Arai
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hakan Arheden
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Clinical Physiology, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jeroen Bax
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Lung Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Colin Berry
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, and Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Bucciarelli-Ducci
- Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol NIHR Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Bristol and University Hospitals Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Pierre Croisille
- University Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, INSA, CNRS UMR 5520, INSERM U1206, CREATIS, F-42023, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Erica Dall'Armellina
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Rohan Dharmakumar
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ingo Eitel
- University Heart Center Lübeck, Medical Clinic II (Cardiology/Angiology/Intensive Care Medicine) and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Rodrigo Fernández-Jiménez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain; Cardiology Department, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Matthias G Friedrich
- Departments of Medicine & Diagnostic Radiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David García-Dorado
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain; Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Research Institute, Universtat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore; The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, and The National Institute of Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, Research & Development, London, United Kingdom; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centro de Biotecnologia-FEMSA, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Raymond J Kim
- Duke Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Center, Division of Cardiology, and Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Sebastian Kozerke
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christopher M Kramer
- Departments of Medicine and Radiology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Michael Salerno
- Departments of Medicine and Radiology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | | | - Javier Sanz
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Cardiology Department, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Valentin Fuster
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Cardiology Department, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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Yamakoshi K. [Optimal Imaging Method for Late Gadolinium-enhanced Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance in Arrhythmic Cases]. Nihon Hoshasen Gijutsu Gakkai Zasshi 2019; 75:1411-1419. [PMID: 31866639 DOI: 10.6009/jjrt.2019_jsrt_75.12.1411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We determined the procedure to reduce arrhythmia-related ghosting artifacts in the late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in patients with arrhythmia by examining the causing factors using phantoms. Inversion recovery gradient echo and phase-sensitive inversion recovery (PSIR) sequences were compared under normal sinus rhythm and premature ventricular contraction (PVC) conditions. Under the PVC condition, trigger interval irregularly performed induced ghosting artifacts. A phase-corrected real image in PSIR, however; demonstrated an accurately positive contrast of pale LGE area indicative of mild fibrosis with minimal ghosting artifacts. The study results indicate that PSIR has an advantage for LGE CMR in patients with arrhythmia. Even without having PSIR method, the 2R-R method ensures consistency of contrast and enables reduction of ghost artifacts.
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20
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Muehlberg F, Arnhold K, Fritschi S, Funk S, Prothmann M, Kermer J, Zange L, von Knobelsdorff-Brenkenhoff F, Schulz-Menger J. Comparison of fast multi-slice and standard segmented techniques for detection of late gadolinium enhancement in ischemic and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy - a prospective clinical cardiovascular magnetic resonance trial. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2018; 20:13. [PMID: 29458430 PMCID: PMC5819178 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-018-0434-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Segmented phase-sensitive inversion recovery (PSIR) cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) sequences are reference standard for non-invasive evaluation of myocardial fibrosis using late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). Several multi-slice LGE sequences have been introduced for faster acquisition in patients with arrhythmia and insufficient breathhold capability. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of several multi-slice LGE sequences to detect and quantify myocardial fibrosis in patients with ischemic and non-ischemic myocardial disease. METHODS Patients with known or suspected LGE due to chronic infarction, inflammatory myocardial disease and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) were prospectively recruited. LGE images were acquired 10-20 min after administration of 0.2 mmol/kg gadolinium-based contrast agent. Three different LGE sequences were acquired: a segmented, single-slice/single-breath-hold fast low angle shot PSIR sequence (FLASH-PSIR), a multi-slice balanced steady-state free precession inversion recovery sequence (bSSFP-IR) and a multi-slice bSSFP-PSIR sequence during breathhold and free breathing. Image quality was evaluated with a 4-point scoring system. Contrast-to-noise ratios (CNR) and acquisition time were evaluated. LGE was quantitatively assessed using a semi-automated threshold method. Differences in size of fibrosis were analyzed using Bland-Altman analysis. RESULTS Three hundred twelve patients were enrolled (n = 212 chronic infarction, n = 47 inflammatory myocardial disease, n = 53 HCM) Of which 201 patients (67,4%) had detectable LGE (n = 143 with chronic infarction, n = 27 with inflammatory heart disease and n = 31 with HCM). Image quality and CNR were best on multi-slice bSSFP-PSIR. Acquisition times were significantly shorter for all multi-slice sequences (bSSFP-IR: 23.4 ± 7.2 s; bSSFP-PSIR: 21.9 ± 6.4 s) as compared to FLASH-PSIR (361.5 ± 95.33 s). There was no significant difference of mean LGE size for all sequences in all study groups (FLASH-PSIR: 8.96 ± 10.64 g; bSSFP-IR: 8.69 ± 10.75 g; bSSFP-PSIR: 9.05 ± 10.84 g; bSSFP-PSIR free breathing: 8.85 ± 10.71 g, p > 0.05). LGE size was not affected by arrhythmia or absence of breathhold on multi-slice LGE sequences. CONCLUSIONS Fast multi-slice and standard segmented LGE sequences are equivalent techniques for the assessment of myocardial fibrosis, independent of an ischemic or non-ischemic etiology. Even in patients with arrhythmia and insufficient breathhold capability, multi-slice sequences yield excellent image quality at significantly reduced scan time and may be used as standard LGE approach. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN48802295 (retrospectively registered).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Muehlberg
- Working Group on Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Experimental and Clinical Research Center - a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and HELIOS Hospital Berlin-Buch, Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristin Arnhold
- Working Group on Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Experimental and Clinical Research Center - a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and HELIOS Hospital Berlin-Buch, Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Simone Fritschi
- Working Group on Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Experimental and Clinical Research Center - a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and HELIOS Hospital Berlin-Buch, Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephanie Funk
- Working Group on Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Experimental and Clinical Research Center - a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and HELIOS Hospital Berlin-Buch, Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcel Prothmann
- Working Group on Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Experimental and Clinical Research Center - a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and HELIOS Hospital Berlin-Buch, Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Josephine Kermer
- Working Group on Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Experimental and Clinical Research Center - a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and HELIOS Hospital Berlin-Buch, Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Leonora Zange
- Working Group on Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Experimental and Clinical Research Center - a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and HELIOS Hospital Berlin-Buch, Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Jeanette Schulz-Menger
- Working Group on Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Experimental and Clinical Research Center - a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and HELIOS Hospital Berlin-Buch, Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125 Berlin, Germany
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Bochaton T, Mewton N, Thiam ND, Lavocat F, Baetz D, Dufay N, Prieur C, Bonnefoy-Cudraz E, Miossec P, Ovize M. Early kinetics of serum Interleukine-17A and infarct size in patients with reperfused acute ST-elevated myocardial infarction. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188202. [PMID: 29166391 PMCID: PMC5699816 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, it was shown that interleukin-17A (IL-17A) is involved in the pathophysiology of reperfusion injury and associated with infarct size (IS) in experimental models of myocardial infarction. Our aim was to evaluate whether the IL-17A serum level and the IL-17A active fraction was correlated with IS in humans. METHODS 101 patients presenting with a ST-elevated Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) referred for primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) and 10 healthy controls were included. For each participant, blood samples at admission (H0) and 4 hours after admission (H4) were collected. IL-17A serum levels were assessed using ELISA and the active fraction was assessed with a functional test. IS was determined by peak troponin and peak CK levels for every patient and by contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance (ce-CMR) for 20 patients. RESULTS The IL-17A serum level was significantly increased in STEMI patients compared to healthy controls, (0.9 pg/mL IQR [0.0-3.2] at H0 and 1.0 pg/mL IQR [0.2-2.8] at H4 versus 0.2 pg/mL IQR [0.0-0.7] for healthy controls; p<0.005). At either time points, IL-17A levels did not correlate with IS as measured by peak troponin, peak CK pr ce-CMR. Also, no correlation was found between the active fraction of IL-17A and IS. CONCLUSION Serum IL-17A level is significantly increased in patients at the early phase of acute MI compared to healthy controls. However, the level of IL-17A in the early hours after reperfusion does not correlate with IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bochaton
- INSERM U1060, CarMeN laboratory, Université de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Bron, France
- Unité de Soins Intensifs Cardiologiques, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Nathan Mewton
- Service d’explorations fonctionnelles Cardiovasculaires, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Centre d’investigation clinique de Lyon, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - NDieme Thiam
- Immunogénomique et Inflammation, Hôpital Edouard Herriot Pavillon P, Lyon, France
| | - Fabien Lavocat
- Immunogénomique et Inflammation, Hôpital Edouard Herriot Pavillon P, Lyon, France
| | - Delphine Baetz
- INSERM U1060, CarMeN laboratory, Université de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Bron, France
| | - Nathalie Dufay
- NeuroBioTec, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Lyon, France
| | - Cyril Prieur
- Unité de Soins Intensifs Cardiologiques, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Eric Bonnefoy-Cudraz
- INSERM U1060, CarMeN laboratory, Université de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Bron, France
- Unité de Soins Intensifs Cardiologiques, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Miossec
- Immunogénomique et Inflammation, Hôpital Edouard Herriot Pavillon P, Lyon, France
| | - Michel Ovize
- INSERM U1060, CarMeN laboratory, Université de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Bron, France
- Service d’explorations fonctionnelles Cardiovasculaires, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Centre d’investigation clinique de Lyon, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
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Souto ALM, Souto RM, Teixeira ICR, Nacif MS. Myocardial Viability on Cardiac Magnetic Resonance. Arq Bras Cardiol 2017; 108:458-469. [PMID: 28591322 PMCID: PMC5444893 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20170056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of myocardial viability is of great importance in the orientation and management of patients requiring myocardial revascularization or angioplasty. The technique of delayed enhancement (DE) is accurate and has transformed the study of viability into an easy test, not only for the detection of fibrosis but also as a binary test detecting what is viable or not. On DE, fibrosis equal to or greater than 50% of the segmental area is considered as non-viable, whereas that below 50% is considered viable. During the same evaluation, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) may also use other techniques for functional and perfusion studies to obtain a global evaluation of ischemic heart disease. This study aims to highlight the current concepts and broadly emphasize the use of CMR as a method that over the last 20 years has become a reference in the detection of infarction and assessment of myocardial viability. Resumo O estudo de viabilidade miocárdica é de grande importância para a orientação e manejo de pacientes que necessitam de cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica ou angioplastia. A técnica de realce tardio (RT) é precisa e transformou o estudo de viabilidade em um teste fácil, não só para a detecção de fibrose, mas também como um modelo binário para a detecção do que é ou não é viável. Uma fibrose identificada pelo RT é considerada como não viável quando igual ou maior do que 50% da área segmentar e como viável quando menor que 50%. A ressonância magnética cardíaca (RMC) também pode lançar mão de outras técnicas para estudo funcional e de perfusão para uma avaliação global da doença isquêmica do coração no mesmo exame. Este estudo tem como objetivo destacar os conceitos atuais e enfatizar amplamente o uso da RMC como um método que nos últimos 20 anos se tornou referência na detecção de infarto e avaliação de viabilidade miocárdica.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marcelo Souto Nacif
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ - Brazil.,Centro de Imagem Complexo Hospitalar de Niterói, Niterói, RJ - Brazil.,Unidade de Radiologia Clínica - Hospital Vivalle - Rede D´Or - São Luiz, São José dos Campo, SP - Brazil
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Cardiovascular Imaging: The Past and the Future, Perspectives in Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Invest Radiol 2016; 50:557-70. [PMID: 25985464 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Today's noninvasive imaging of the cardiovascular system has revolutionized the approach to various diseases and has substantially affected prognostic information. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (MR) and computed tomographic (CT) imaging are at center stage of these approaches, although 5 decades ago, these technologies were unheard of. Both modalities had their inception in the 1970s with a primary focus on noncardiovascular applications. The technical development of the various decades, however, substantially pushed the envelope for cardiovascular MR and CT applications. Within the past 10-15 years, MR and CT technologies have pushed each other in cardiac applications; and without the "rival" modality, neither one would likely not have reached its potential today. This view on the history of MR and CT in the field of cardiovascular applications provides insight into the story of success of applications that once have been ideas only but are at prime time today.
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Bouleti C, Mewton N, Germain S. The no-reflow phenomenon: State of the art. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2015; 108:661-74. [PMID: 26616729 DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the best available reperfusion strategy for acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), with nearly 95% of occluded coronary vessels being reopened in this setting. Despite re-establishing epicardial coronary vessel patency, primary PCI may fail to restore optimal myocardial reperfusion within the myocardial tissue, a failure at the microvascular level known as no-reflow (NR). NR has been reported to occur in up to 60% of STEMI patients with optimal coronary vessel reperfusion. When it does occur, it significantly attenuates the beneficial effect of reperfusion therapy, leading to poor outcomes. The pathophysiology of NR is complex and incompletely understood. Many phenomena are known to contribute to NR, including leukocyte infiltration, vasoconstriction, activation of inflammatory pathways and cellular oedema. Vascular damage and haemorrhage may also play important roles in the establishment of NR. In this review, we describe the pathophysiological mechanisms of NR and the tools available for diagnosing it. We also describe the microvasculature and the endothelial mechanisms involved in NR, which may provide relevant therapeutic targets for reducing NR and improving the prognosis for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Bouleti
- Service de cardiologie, hôpital Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France; DHU FIRE, université Paris Diderot, Paris, France; Collège de France, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Paris, France; CNRS/UMR 7241, Paris, France; Inserm U 1050, Paris, France
| | - Nathan Mewton
- Hôpital cardiovasculaire Louis-Pradel, centre d'investigation clinique unité, hospices civils de Lyon, Bron, France; Inserm U 1407, Lyon, France
| | - Stéphane Germain
- Collège de France, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Paris, France; CNRS/UMR 7241, Paris, France; Inserm U 1050, Paris, France.
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Lights and shadows of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in acute myocarditis. Insights Imaging 2015; 7:99-110. [PMID: 26555392 PMCID: PMC4729715 DOI: 10.1007/s13244-015-0444-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is considered a primary tool for the diagnosis of acute myocarditis, due to its unique potential for non-invasive identification of the various hallmarks of the inflammatory response, with relevant impact on patient management and prognosis. Nonetheless, a marked variation in sensitivity and negative predictive value has been reported in the literature, reflecting the intrinsic drawbacks of current diagnostic criteria, which are based mainly on the use of conventional CMR pulse sequences. As a consequence, a negative exam cannot reliably exclude the diagnosis, especially in patients who do not present an infarct-like onset of disease. The introduction of new-generation mapping techniques further widened CMR potentials, allowing quantification of tissue changes and opening new avenues for non-invasive workup of patients with inflammatory myocardial disease. Main messages • CMR sensitivity varies in AM, reflecting its clinical polymorphism and the intrinsic drawbacks of LLc. • Semiquantitative approaches such as EGEr or T2 ratio have limited accuracy in diffuse disease forms. • T1 mapping allows objective quantification of inflammation, with no need to normalize measurements. • A revised protocol including T2-STIR, T1 mapping and LGE could be hypothesized to improve sensitivity.
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Late Gadolinium Enhancement Imaging in Assessment of Myocardial Viability. Radiol Clin North Am 2015; 53:397-411. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Three-dimensional phase-sensitive inversion recovery sequencing in the evaluation of left ventricular myocardial scars in ischemic and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy: Comparison to three-dimensional inversion recovery sequencing. Eur J Radiol 2014; 83:2159-2166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2014.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Rajchl M, Stirrat J, Goubran M, Yu J, Scholl D, Peters TM, White JA. Comparison of semi-automated scar quantification techniques using high-resolution, 3-dimensional late-gadolinium-enhancement magnetic resonance imaging. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2014; 31:349-57. [PMID: 25307896 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-014-0553-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The quantification and modeling of myocardial scar is of expanding interest for image-guided therapy, particularly in the field of arrhythmia management. Migration towards high-resolution, three-dimensional (3D) MRI techniques for spatial mapping of myocardial scar provides superior spatial registration. However, to date no systematic comparison of available approaches to 3D scar quantification have been performed. In this study we compare the reproducibility of six 3D scar segmentation algorithms for determination of left ventricular scar volume. Additionally, comparison to two-dimensional (2D) scar quantification and 3D manual segmentation is performed. Thirty-five consecutive patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy were recruited and underwent conventional 2D late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and 3D isotropic LGE imaging (voxel size 1.3 mm(3)) using a 3 T scanner. 3D LGE datasets were analyzed using six semi-automated segmentation techniques, including the signal threshold versus reference mean (STRM) technique at >2, >3, >5 and >6 standard deviations (SD) above reference myocardium, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) technique, and an optimization-based technique called hierarchical max flow (HMF). The mean ejection fraction was 32.1 ± 12.7 %. Reproducibility was greatest for HMF and FWHM techniques with intra-class correlation coefficient values ≥0.95. 3D scar quantification and modeling is clinically feasible in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. While several approaches show acceptable reproducibility, HMF appears superior due to maintenance of accuracy towards manual segmentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rajchl
- Imaging Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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Roubille F, Mewton N, Elbaz M, Roth O, Prunier F, Cung TT, Piot C, Roncalli J, Rioufol G, Bonnefoy-Cudraz E, Wiedemann JY, Furber A, Jacquemin L, Willoteaux S, Abi-Khallil W, Sanchez I, Finet G, Sibellas F, Ranc S, Boussaha I, Croisille P, Ovize M. No post-conditioning in the human heart with thrombolysis in myocardial infarction flow 2-3 on admission. Eur Heart J 2014; 35:1675-82. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehu054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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Rajchl M, Yuan J, White JA, Ukwatta E, Stirrat J, Nambakhsh CMS, Li FP, Peters TM. Interactive Hierarchical-Flow Segmentation of Scar Tissue From Late-Enhancement Cardiac MR Images. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2014; 33:159-172. [PMID: 24107924 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2013.2282932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We propose a novel multi-region image segmentation approach to extract myocardial scar tissue from 3-D whole-heart cardiac late-enhancement magnetic resonance images in an interactive manner. For this purpose, we developed a graphical user interface to initialize a fast max-flow-based segmentation algorithm and segment scar accurately with progressive interaction. We propose a partially-ordered Potts (POP) model to multi-region segmentation to properly encode the known spatial consistency of cardiac regions. Its generalization introduces a custom label/region order constraint to Potts model to multi-region segmentation. The combinatorial optimization problem associated with the proposed POP model is solved by means of convex relaxation, for which a novel multi-level continuous max-flow formulation, i.e., the hierarchical continuous max-flow (HMF) model, is proposed and studied. We demonstrate that the proposed HMF model is dual or equivalent to the convex relaxed POP model and introduces a new and efficient hierarchical continuous max-flow based algorithm by modern convex optimization theory. In practice, the introduced hierarchical continuous max-flow based algorithm can be implemented on the parallel GPU to achieve significant acceleration in numerics. Experiments are performed in 50 whole heart 3-D LE datasets, 35 with left-ventricular and 15 with right-ventricular scar. The experimental results are compared to full-width-at-half-maximum and Signal-threshold to reference-mean methods using manual expert myocardial segmentations and operator variabilities and the effect of user interaction are assessed. The results indicate a substantial reduction in image processing time with robust accuracy for detection of myocardial scar. This is achieved without the need for additional region constraints and using a single optimization procedure, substantially reducing the potential for error.
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Three-dimensional phase-sensitive inversion-recovery Turbo FLASH sequence for the assessment of left ventricular myocardial scar in swine. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78305. [PMID: 24194917 PMCID: PMC3806764 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of free-breathing three-dimensional (3D) phase-sensitive inversion-recovery (PSIR) Turbo FLASH sequence for noninvasive assessment of left ventricular myocardial scar in swine models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nine Chinese minipigs with experimentally induced acute myocardial infarction were studied. At 1 week and the study endpoint 4 weeks after myocardial infarction surgery, the 3D and 2D contrasted cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging were performed randomly by using a 1.5 T clinical MR imaging system. Comparisons of myocardial scar volume (in cubic centimeters), scar transmurality (on a 5 points scale) and image quality (on a 4 points Likert scale) were performed by using the Pearson correlation and Bland-Altman analysis (for myocardial scar volume) or κ statistics (for transmurality) or Wilcoxon signed rank test (for image quality). RESULTS In 6 of the 9 pigs, all procedures were successfully completed. In these pigs, a total of 48 segments with myocardial scars were detected by both 3D and 2D sequences, and there was good agreement for classification of scar transmurality (κ=0.930). The scar volume determined by triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining (3.52 ± 1.40 cm(3)) showed a good correlation with both 3D (3.54 ± 1.36 cm(3), r=0.957, P=0.003) and 2D sequence (3.53 ± 1.26 cm(3), r=0.942, P=0.005) at 4 weeks. And there were good correlation between scar volumes obtained from 3D and 2D techniques (r=0.859, P<0.001) at both time points. Both 3D and 2D images detected a small reduction of scar volume from week 1 to week 4 by a factor of 1.179 and 1.176, respectively. Although slightly more artifacts were observed on 2D PSIR images, the overall image quality was not significantly different between the two sequences (3.17 ± 0.83 for 2D vs. 3.25 ± 0.75 for 3D, P =0.655). CONCLUSIONS The free-breathing 3D PSIR Turbo FLASH sequence enables accurate assessment of left ventricular myocardial scar.
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Yin G, Zhao S, Lu M, Ma N, Zuehlsdorff S, Cheng H, Jiang S, Zhao T, Zhang Y, An J, Lv C, He Z. Assessment of left ventricular myocardial scar in coronary artery disease by a three-dimensional MR imaging technique. J Magn Reson Imaging 2012; 38:72-9. [PMID: 23225643 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.23962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Yin
- Department of Radiology; State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease; Fuwai Hospital; National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing; China
| | - Shihua Zhao
- Department of Radiology; State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease; Fuwai Hospital; National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing; China
| | - Minjie Lu
- Department of Radiology; State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease; Fuwai Hospital; National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing; China
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Radiology; State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease; Fuwai Hospital; National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing; China
| | - Sven Zuehlsdorff
- Cardiovascular MR R&D, Siemens Healthcare USA; Chicago; Illinois; USA
| | - Huaibing Cheng
- Department of Cardiology; First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University; Hefei; Anhui; China
| | - Shiliang Jiang
- Department of Radiology; State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease; Fuwai Hospital; National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing; China
| | - Tao Zhao
- Department of Radiology; State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease; Fuwai Hospital; National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing; China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Radiology; State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease; Fuwai Hospital; National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing; China
| | - Jing An
- APPL Department; Siemens Shenzhen Magnetic Resonance Ltd; Shenzhen; China
| | - Chuanjian Lv
- Department of Radiology; Henan Provincial People's Hospital; Zhengzhou; Henan; China
| | - Zuoxiang He
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease; Fuwai Hospital; National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing; China
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Parsai C, O’Hanlon R, Prasad SK, Mohiaddin RH. Diagnostic and prognostic value of cardiovascular magnetic resonance in non-ischaemic cardiomyopathies. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2012; 14:54. [PMID: 22857649 PMCID: PMC3436728 DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-14-54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (CMR) is recognised as a valuable clinical tool which in a single scan setting can assess ventricular volumes and function, myocardial fibrosis, iron loading, flow quantification, tissue characterisation and myocardial perfusion imaging. The advent of CMR using extrinsic and intrinsic contrast-enhanced protocols for tissue characterisation have dramatically changed the non-invasive work-up of patients with suspected or known cardiomyopathy. Although the technique initially focused on the in vivo identification of myocardial necrosis through the late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) technique, recent work highlighted the ability of CMR to provide more detailed in vivo tissue characterisation to help establish a differential diagnosis of the underlying aetiology, to exclude an ischaemic substrate and to provide important prognostic markers. The potential application of CMR in the clinical approach of a patient with suspected non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy is discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirine Parsai
- Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, UK
- Cardiology and CMR Unit, Polyclinique Les Fleurs, Toulon, France
| | - Rory O’Hanlon
- Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, UK
- Centre for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Blackrock Clinic, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sanjay K Prasad
- Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Raad H Mohiaddin
- Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
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Abstract
The improvement in revascularization techniques and medicine treatment during infarction has substantially reduced mortality during the acute phase of this condition. Since the advent of kinetic sequences and the concomitant development of gadolinium chelates and delayed enhancement sequences, cardiac MRI has become the second-line reference examination for ischemic heart disease. The technique of delayed enhancement with the inversion recovery sequence performed after injection has been validated for numerous indications in ischemic disease. Delayed enhancement sequences make it possible in particular to look for "no-reflow" areas (microvascular obstructions), to quantify the infarction area, and to assess prognosis. MRI also allows us to define the area at risk, that is, the area with edema, and to look for and assess the mechanical complications of the infarction. The aim of this review is to summarize current knowledge about: the pharmacokinetic principles that regulate myocardial enhancement; the different sequences available to acquire delayed enhancement images, and; the value of cardiac MRI in the diagnosis of complications of myocardial infarction.
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