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Tosh N, Watson J, Lukas D, Tremewan R, Beard J, Galloway G, Haselhorst T, Young R, Crompton D, Mountford C. Two-dimensional correlated spectroscopy records reduced neurotransmission in blast-exposed artillery soldiers after live fire training. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023:e4934. [PMID: 36940008 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
There is a requirement for an objective method to determine a safe level of low-level military occupational blast, having recognised it can lead to neurological damage. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effect of artillery firing training on the neurochemistry of frontline soldiers using two-dimensional (2D) COrrelated SpectroscopY (2D COSY) in a 3-T clinical MR scanner. Ten men considered to be of sound health were evaluated before and after a week-long live firing exercise in two ways. Prior to the live fire exercise, all participants were screened by a clinical psychologist using a combination of clinical interviews and psychometric tests, and were then scanned with 3-T MRI. The protocols included T1- and T2-weighted images for diagnostic reporting and anatomical localisation and 2D COSY to record any neurochemical effects from the firing. No changes to the structural MRI were recorded. Nine substantive and statistically significant changes in the neurochemistry were recorded as a consequence of firing training. Glutamine and glutamate, glutathione, and two of the seven fucose-α (1-2)-glycans were significantly increased. N-acetyl aspartate, myo-inositol + creatine, and glycerol were also increased. Significant decreases were recorded for the glutathione cysteine moiety and tentatively assigned glycan with a 1-6 linkage (F2: 4.00, F1: 1.31 ppm). These molecules are part of three neurochemical pathways at the terminus of the neurons providing evidence of early markers of disruption to neurotransmission. Using this technology, the extent of deregulation can now be monitored for each frontline defender on a personalised basis. The capacity to monitor early a disruption in neurotransmitters, using the 2D COSY protocol, can observe the effect of firing and may be used to prevent or limit these events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Tosh
- Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
- Radiology Department, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Julia Watson
- Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
- Radiology Department, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Darren Lukas
- Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rosanna Tremewan
- Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason Beard
- Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Graham Galloway
- Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Ross Young
- Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Crompton
- Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Glycomics Institute, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Carolyn Mountford
- Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
- Radiology Department, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
- Glycomics Institute, Southport, Queensland, Australia
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2
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Rzechorzek NM, Thrippleton MJ, Chappell FM, Mair G, Ercole A, Cabeleira M, Rhodes J, Marshall I, O'Neill JS. A daily temperature rhythm in the human brain predicts survival after brain injury. Brain 2022; 145:2031-2048. [PMID: 35691613 PMCID: PMC9336587 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients undergo interventions to achieve a 'normal' brain temperature; a parameter that remains undefined for humans. The profound sensitivity of neuronal function to temperature implies the brain should be isothermal, but observations from patients and non-human primates suggest significant spatiotemporal variation. We aimed to determine the clinical relevance of brain temperature in patients by establishing how much it varies in healthy adults. We retrospectively screened data for all patients recruited to the Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research in Traumatic Brain Injury (CENTER-TBI) High Resolution Intensive Care Unit Sub-Study. Only patients with direct brain temperature measurements and without targeted temperature management were included. To interpret patient analyses, we prospectively recruited 40 healthy adults (20 males, 20 females, 20-40 years) for brain thermometry using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Participants were scanned in the morning, afternoon, and late evening of a single day. In patients (n = 114), brain temperature ranged from 32.6 to 42.3°C and mean brain temperature (38.5 ± 0.8°C) exceeded body temperature (37.5 ± 0.5°C, P < 0.0001). Of 100 patients eligible for brain temperature rhythm analysis, 25 displayed a daily rhythm, and the brain temperature range decreased in older patients (P = 0.018). In healthy participants, brain temperature ranged from 36.1 to 40.9°C; mean brain temperature (38.5 ± 0.4°C) exceeded oral temperature (36.0 ± 0.5°C) and was 0.36°C higher in luteal females relative to follicular females and males (P = 0.0006 and P < 0.0001, respectively). Temperature increased with age, most notably in deep brain regions (0.6°C over 20 years, P = 0.0002), and varied spatially by 2.41 ± 0.46°C with highest temperatures in the thalamus. Brain temperature varied by time of day, especially in deep regions (0.86°C, P = 0.0001), and was lowest at night. From the healthy data we built HEATWAVE-a 4D map of human brain temperature. Testing the clinical relevance of HEATWAVE in patients, we found that lack of a daily brain temperature rhythm increased the odds of death in intensive care 21-fold (P = 0.016), whilst absolute temperature maxima or minima did not predict outcome. A warmer mean brain temperature was associated with survival (P = 0.035), however, and ageing by 10 years increased the odds of death 11-fold (P = 0.0002). Human brain temperature is higher and varies more than previously assumed-by age, sex, menstrual cycle, brain region, and time of day. This has major implications for temperature monitoring and management, with daily brain temperature rhythmicity emerging as one of the strongest single predictors of survival after brain injury. We conclude that daily rhythmic brain temperature variation-not absolute brain temperature-is one way in which human brain physiology may be distinguished from pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael J Thrippleton
- Edinburgh Imaging (Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh) Facility, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, UK.,Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Francesca M Chappell
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Grant Mair
- Edinburgh Imaging (Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh) Facility, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, UK.,Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Ari Ercole
- Division of Anaesthesia, University of Cambridge, Box 93 Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Manuel Cabeleira
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Box 167, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | | | - Jonathan Rhodes
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, NHS Lothian, Room No. S8208 (2nd Floor), Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, UK
| | - Ian Marshall
- Edinburgh Imaging (Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh) Facility, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, UK.,Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - John S O'Neill
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
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3
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Arm J, Al-Iedani O, Ribbons K, Lea R, Lechner-Scott J, Ramadan S. Biochemical Correlations with Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis Detected by MR 2D Localized Correlated Spectroscopy. J Neuroimaging 2021; 31:508-516. [PMID: 33615583 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Fatigue is the common symptom in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), yet its pathophysiological mechanism is poorly understood. We investigated the metabolic changes in fatigue in a group of relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients using MR two-dimensional localized correlated spectroscopy (2D L-COSY). METHODS Sixteen RRMS and 16 healthy controls were included in the study. Fatigue impact was assessed with the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS). MR 2D L-COSY data were collected from the posterior cingulate cortex. Nonparametric statistical analysis was used to calculate the changes in creatine scaled metabolic ratios and their correlations with fatigue scores. RESULTS Compared to healthy controls, the RRMS group showed significantly higher fatigue and lower metabolic ratios for tyrosine, glutathione, homocarnosine (GSH+Hca), fucose-3, glutamine+glutamate (Glx), glycerophosphocholine (GPC), total choline, and N-acetylaspartate (NAA-2), while increased levels for isoleucine and glucose (P ≤ .05). Only GPC showed positive correlation with all fatigue domains (r = .537, P ≤ .05). On the other hand, Glx-upper, NAA-2, GSH+Hca, and fucose-3 showed negative correlations with all fatigue domains (r = -.345 to -.580, P ≤ .05). While tyrosine showed positive correlation with MFIS (r = .499, P ≤ .05), cognitive fatigue was negatively correlated with total GSH (r = -.530, P ≤ .05). No correlations were found between lesion load or brain volumes with fatigue score. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that fatigue in MS is strongly correlated with an imbalance in neurometabolites but not structural brain measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameen Arm
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Oun Al-Iedani
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Karen Ribbons
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Rod Lea
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, Australia.,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jeannette Lechner-Scott
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, Australia.,Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, Australia.,School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Saadallah Ramadan
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, Australia
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4
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Gonen OM, Moffat BA, Kwan P, O'Brien TJ, Desmond PM, Lui E. Reproducibility of Glutamate, Glutathione, and GABA Measurements in vivo by Single-Voxel STEAM Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy at 7-Tesla in Healthy Individuals. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:566643. [PMID: 33041761 PMCID: PMC7522573 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.566643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Derangements in brain glutamate, glutathione, and γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) are implicated in a range of neurological disorders. Reliable methods to measure these compounds non-invasively in vivo are needed. We evaluated the reproducibility of their measurements in brain regions involved in the default mode network using quantitative MRS at 7-Tesla in healthy individuals. Methods Ten right-handed healthy volunteers underwent 7-Tesla MRI scans on 2 separate days, not more than 2 weeks apart. On each day two scanning sessions took place, with a re-positioning break in between. High-resolution isotropic anatomical scans were acquired prior to each scan, followed by single-voxel 1H-MRS using the STEAM pulse sequence on an 8 mL midline cubic voxel, positioned over the posterior cingulate and precuneus regions. Concentrations were corrected for partial-volume effects. Results Maximal Cramér-Rao lower bounds for glutamate, glutathione, and GABA were 2.0, 8.0, and 14.0%, respectively. Mean coefficients of variation within sessions were 5.9 ± 4.8%, 9.3 ± 7.6%, and 11.5 ± 8.8%, and between sessions were 4.6 ± 4.5%, 8.3 ± 5.7%, and 9.2 ± 8.7%, respectively. The mean (±SD) Dice’s coefficient for voxel overlap was 90 ± 4% within sessions and 86 ± 7% between sessions. Conclusion Glutamate, glutathione, and GABA can be reliably quantified using STEAM MRS at 7-Tesla from the posterior cingulate and precuneus cortices of healthy human subjects. STEAM MRS at 7-Tesla may be used to study the metabolic behavior of this important resting-state hub in various disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofer M Gonen
- Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine and Radiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Neurology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bradford A Moffat
- Department of Medicine and Radiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Patrick Kwan
- Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine and Radiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Neurology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine and Radiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Neurology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Patricia M Desmond
- Department of Medicine and Radiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Radiology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Elaine Lui
- Department of Medicine and Radiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Radiology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Debski KJ, Ceglia N, Ghestem A, Ivanov AI, Brancati GE, Bröer S, Bot AM, Müller JA, Schoch S, Becker A, Löscher W, Guye M, Sassone-Corsi P, Lukasiuk K, Baldi P, Bernard C. The circadian dynamics of the hippocampal transcriptome and proteome is altered in experimental temporal lobe epilepsy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaat5979. [PMID: 33036982 PMCID: PMC10764101 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat5979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Gene and protein expressions display circadian oscillations, which can be disrupted in diseases in most body organs. Whether these oscillations occur in the healthy hippocampus and whether they are altered in epilepsy are not known. We identified more than 1200 daily oscillating transcripts in the hippocampus of control mice and 1600 in experimental epilepsy, with only one-fourth oscillating in both conditions. Comparison of gene oscillations in control and epilepsy predicted time-dependent alterations in energy metabolism, which were verified experimentally. Although aerobic glycolysis remained constant from morning to afternoon in controls, it increased in epilepsy. In contrast, oxidative phosphorylation increased in control and decreased in epilepsy. Thus, the control hippocampus shows circadian molecular remapping, which is altered in epilepsy. We suggest that the hippocampus operates in a different functioning mode in epilepsy. These alterations need to be considered when studying epilepsy mechanisms, designing drug treatments, and timing their delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Debski
- Epileptogenesis Laboratory, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - N Ceglia
- Department of Computer Science and Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-3435, USA
| | - A Ghestem
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, France
| | - A I Ivanov
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, France
| | - G E Brancati
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, France
| | - S Bröer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - A M Bot
- Epileptogenesis Laboratory, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - J A Müller
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - S Schoch
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - A Becker
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - W Löscher
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - M Guye
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRMBM, Marseille, France
- APHM, Hôpital Universitaire Timone, CEMEREM, Marseille, France
| | - P Sassone-Corsi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - K Lukasiuk
- Epileptogenesis Laboratory, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - P Baldi
- Department of Computer Science and Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-3435, USA
| | - C Bernard
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, France.
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6
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Quadrelli S, Ribbons K, Arm J, Al-Iedani O, Lechner-Scott J, Lea R, Ramadan S. 2D in-vivo L-COSY spectroscopy identifies neurometabolite alterations in treated multiple sclerosis. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2019; 12:1756286419877081. [PMID: 31666809 PMCID: PMC6801886 DOI: 10.1177/1756286419877081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We have applied in vivo two-dimensional (2D) localized correlation spectroscopy (2D L-COSY), in treated relapsing relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) to identify novel biomarkers in normal-appearing brain parenchyma. Methods 2D L-COSY magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) spectra were prospectively acquired from the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) in 45 stable RRMS patients undergoing treatment with Fingolimod, and 40 age and sex-matched healthy control (HC) participants. Average metabolite ratios and clinical symptoms including, disability, cognition, fatigue, and mental health parameters were measured, and compared using parametric and nonparametric tests. Whole brain volume and MRS voxel morphometry were evaluated using SIENAX and the SPM LST toolbox. Results Despite the mean whole brain lesion volume being low in this RRMS group (6.8 ml) a significant reduction in PCC metabolite to tCr ratios were identified for multiple N-acetylaspartate (NAA) signatures, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamine and glutamate (Glx), threonine, and isoleucine/lipid. Of the clinical symptoms measured, visuospatial function, attention, and memory were correlated with NAA signatures, Glx, and isoleucine/lipid in the brain. Conclusions 2D L-COSY has the potential to detect metabolic alterations in the normal-appearing MS brain. Despite examining only a localised region, we could detect metabolic variability associated with symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Quadrelli
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Karen Ribbons
- Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Jameen Arm
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Oun Al-Iedani
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Rodney Lea
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Saadallah Ramadan
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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7
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Monnig MA, Woods AJ, Walsh E, Martone CM, Blumenthal J, Monti PM, Cohen RA. Cerebral Metabolites on the Descending Limb of Acute Alcohol: A Preliminary 1H MRS Study. Alcohol Alcohol 2019; 54:487-496. [PMID: 31322647 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agz062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Chronic alcohol use is associated with cerebral metabolite abnormalities, yet alcohol's acute effects on neurometabolism are not well understood. This preliminary study investigated cerebral metabolite changes in vivo on the descending limb of blood alcohol in healthy moderate drinkers. METHODS In a pre/post design, participants (N = 13) completed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans prior to and approximately 5 hours after consuming a moderate dose of alcohol (0.60 grams alcohol per kilogram of body weight). Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) was used to quantify cerebral metabolites related to glutamatergic transmission (Glx) and neuroimmune activity (Cho, GSH, myo-inositol) in the thalamus and frontal white matter. RESULTS Breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) peaked at 0.070±0.008% (mean ± standard deviation) and averaged 0.025±0.011% directly prior to the descending limb scan. In the thalamus, Glx/Cr and Cho/Cr were significantly elevated on the descending limb scan relative to baseline. BrAC area under the curve, an index of alcohol exposure during the session, was significantly, positively associated with levels of Glx/Cr, Cho/Cr and GSH/Cr in the thalamus. GSH/Cr on the descending limb was inversely correlated with subjective alcohol sedation. CONCLUSIONS This study offers preliminary evidence of alcohol-related increases in Glx/Cr, Cho/Cr and GSH/Cr on the descending limb of blood alcohol concentration. Findings add novel information to previous research on neurometabolic changes at peak blood alcohol in healthy individuals and during withdrawal in individuals with alcohol use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mollie A Monnig
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Adam J Woods
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology and Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Edward Walsh
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Jonah Blumenthal
- Undergraduate Neuroscience Program, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Peter M Monti
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ronald A Cohen
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology and Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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