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Azadi R, Mousavi SE, Kazemi NM, Yousefi-Manesh H, Rezayat SM, Jaafari MR. Anti-inflammatory efficacy of Berberine Nanomicelle for improvement of cerebral ischemia: formulation, characterization and evaluation in bilateral common carotid artery occlusion rat model. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 22:54. [PMID: 34600570 PMCID: PMC8487542 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-021-00525-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Berberine (BBR) is a plant alkaloid that possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects with low oral bioavailability. In this study, micelle formulation of BBR was investigated to improve therapeutic efficacy and examined its effect on the secretion of inflammatory cytokines in cerebral ischemia in the animal model. MATERIAL AND METHODS Nano formulation was prepared by thin-film hydration method, and characterized by particle size, zeta potential, morphology, encapsulation efficacy, and drug release in Simulated Gastric Fluid (SGF) and Simulated Intestine Fluid (SIF). Then, Wistar rats were pretreated with the drug (100 mg/kg) and nano-drug (25, 50, 75, 100 mg/kg) for 14 days. Then, on the fourteenth day, stroke induction was accomplished by Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion (BCCAO); after that, Tumor Necrosis Factor - Alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin - 1 Beta (IL-1ß), and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured in the supernatant of the whole brain, then the anti-inflammatory effect of BBR formulations was examined. RESULT AND DISCUSSION Micelles were successfully formed with appropriate characteristics and smaller sizes than 20 nm. The Poly Dispersity Index (PDI), zeta potential, encapsulation efficacy of micelles was 0.227, - 22 mV, 81%, respectively. Also, the stability of nano micelles was higher in SGF as compared to SIF. Our outcomes of TNF-a, IL-1B, and MDA evaluation show a significant ameliorating effect of the Berberine (BBR) and BBR-loaded micelles in pretreated groups. CONCLUSION Our experimental data show that pretreated groups in different doses (nano BBR 100, 75, 50 mg/kg, and BBR 100 mg/kg) successfully showed decreased levels of the inflammatory factors in cerebral ischemia compared with the stroke group and pretreated group with nano BBR in the dose of 25 mg/kg. Nano BBR formulation with a lower dose can be a better candidate than conventional BBR formulation to reduce oxidative and inflammatory factors in cerebral ischemia. Therefore, BBR-loaded micelle formulation could be a promising protective agent on cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roza Azadi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyedeh Elaheh Mousavi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Negar Motakef Kazemi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hasan Yousefi-Manesh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Rezayat
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Chowdhury P. In silico investigation of phytoconstituents from Indian medicinal herb ' Tinospora cordifolia (giloy)' against SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) by molecular dynamics approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 39:6792-6809. [PMID: 32762511 PMCID: PMC7484574 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1803968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The recent appearance of COVID-19 virus has created a global crisis due to unavailability of any vaccine or drug that can effectively and deterministically work against it. Naturally, different possibilities (including herbal medicines having known therapeutic significance) have been explored by the scientists. The systematic scientific study (beginning with in silico study) of herbal medicines in particular and any drug in general is now possible as the structural components (proteins) of COVID-19 are already characterized. The main protease of COVID-19 virus is Mpro or 3CLpro which is a key CoV enzyme and an attractive drug target as it plays a pivotal role in mediating viral replication and transcription. In the present study, 3CLpro is used to study drug:3CLpro interactions and thus to investigate whether all or any of the main chemical constituents of Tinospora cordifolia (e.g. berberine (C20H18NO4), β-sitosterol (C29H50O), coline (C5H14NO), tetrahydropalmatine (C21H25NO4) and octacosanol (C28H58O)) can be used as an anti-viral drug against SARS-CoV-2. The in silico study performed using tools of network pharmacology, molecular docking including molecular dynamics have revealed that among all considered phytochemicals in Tinospora cordifolia, berberine can regulate 3CLpro protein's function due to its easy inhibition and thus can control viral replication. The selection of Tinospora cordifolia was motivated by the fact that the main constituents of it are known to be responsible for various antiviral activities and the treatment of jaundice, rheumatism, diabetes, etc.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Papia Chowdhury
- Department of Physics and Materials Science and Engineering, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India
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3
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Largy E, König A, Ghosh A, Ghosh D, Benabou S, Rosu F, Gabelica V. Mass Spectrometry of Nucleic Acid Noncovalent Complexes. Chem Rev 2021; 122:7720-7839. [PMID: 34587741 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acids have been among the first targets for antitumor drugs and antibiotics. With the unveiling of new biological roles in regulation of gene expression, specific DNA and RNA structures have become very attractive targets, especially when the corresponding proteins are undruggable. Biophysical assays to assess target structure as well as ligand binding stoichiometry, affinity, specificity, and binding modes are part of the drug development process. Mass spectrometry offers unique advantages as a biophysical method owing to its ability to distinguish each stoichiometry present in a mixture. In addition, advanced mass spectrometry approaches (reactive probing, fragmentation techniques, ion mobility spectrometry, ion spectroscopy) provide more detailed information on the complexes. Here, we review the fundamentals of mass spectrometry and all its particularities when studying noncovalent nucleic acid structures, and then review what has been learned thanks to mass spectrometry on nucleic acid structures, self-assemblies (e.g., duplexes or G-quadruplexes), and their complexes with ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Largy
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, ARNA, UMR 5320, U1212, IECB, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Alexander König
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, ARNA, UMR 5320, U1212, IECB, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Anirban Ghosh
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, ARNA, UMR 5320, U1212, IECB, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Debasmita Ghosh
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, ARNA, UMR 5320, U1212, IECB, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Sanae Benabou
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, ARNA, UMR 5320, U1212, IECB, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Frédéric Rosu
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, IECB, UMS 3033, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Valérie Gabelica
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, ARNA, UMR 5320, U1212, IECB, F-33600 Pessac, France
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4
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Basu A, Kumar GS. Nucleic acids binding strategies of small molecules: Lessons from alkaloids. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:1995-2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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5
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Feng J, Li H, Zhao W, Dang H, Wang R, Luo K, Guo H, Xing W, Cheng J, Song W, Sun Y, Xie L. Biological-Profiling-Based Systematic Analysis of Rhizoma Coptidis from Different Growing Regions and Its Anticholesterol Biosynthesis Activity on HepG2 Cells. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:2234-2245. [PMID: 29747507 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Rhizoma Coptidis is a widely cultivated traditional Chinese herb. Although the chemical profiles of Rhizoma Coptidis have been established previously, the biological profiling of Rhizoma Coptidis has not been conducted yet. In this study, we collected Rhizoma Coptidis varieties from four distinct growing regions and performed genome-wide biological response fingerprinting (BioReF) on HepG2 cells using a gene expression array. Similar biological pathways were affected by extracts of all four Rhizoma Coptidis varieties but not by their analogue, Mahoniae Caulis. Among these pathways, the terpenoid backbone biosynthesis pathway was highly enriched, and six genes in the mevalonate (MVA) pathway were all down-regulated. However, the expression, maturation, as well as the specific DNA binding capacity of their coordinate transcription factor, sterol response element binding protein 2 (SREBP2), was not affected by Rhizoma Coptidis extract (RCE) or its typical active alkaloid berberine. Cellular cholesterol content tests further verified the cholesterol-lowering function of RCE in vitro, which supplements evidence for the use of Rhizoma Coptidis in hyperlipidemia treatment. This is the first described example of evaluating the quality of Rhizoma Coptidis with BioReF and a good demonstration of using BioReF to uncover the mechanisms of herbs at a systematic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases , Hangzhou 310003 , China.,Medical Systems Biology Research Center , Tsinghua University School of Medicine , Beijing 100084 , China.,National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology , Beijing 102206 , China
| | - Haoxun Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology , Beijing 102206 , China
| | - Wenlong Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology , Beijing 102206 , China
| | - Honglei Dang
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology , Beijing 102206 , China
| | - Ruijun Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Fenyang College , Shanxi Medical University , Fenyang 032200 , China
| | - Kun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases , Hangzhou 310003 , China.,Medical Systems Biology Research Center , Tsinghua University School of Medicine , Beijing 100084 , China.,National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology , Beijing 102206 , China
| | - Hongyan Guo
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology , Beijing 102206 , China
| | - Wanli Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases , Hangzhou 310003 , China.,Medical Systems Biology Research Center , Tsinghua University School of Medicine , Beijing 100084 , China.,National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology , Beijing 102206 , China
| | - Jing Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases , Hangzhou 310003 , China.,Medical Systems Biology Research Center , Tsinghua University School of Medicine , Beijing 100084 , China.,National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology , Beijing 102206 , China
| | - Weifang Song
- Department of Pathophysiology, Fenyang College , Shanxi Medical University , Fenyang 032200 , China
| | - Yimin Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology , Beijing 102206 , China
| | - Lan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases , Hangzhou 310003 , China.,Medical Systems Biology Research Center , Tsinghua University School of Medicine , Beijing 100084 , China.,National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology , Beijing 102206 , China
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Pandey A, Vishnoi K, Mahata S, Tripathi SC, Misra SP, Misra V, Mehrotra R, Dwivedi M, Bharti AC. Berberine and Curcumin Target Survivin and STAT3 in Gastric Cancer Cells and Synergize Actions of Standard Chemotherapeutic 5-Fluorouracil. Nutr Cancer 2015; 67:1293-304. [PMID: 26492225 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2015.1085581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Aberrantly expressed survivin and STAT3 signaling have emerged as major determinants of chemoresistance in gastric cancer. We evaluated effects of potent herbal derivatives curcumin, berberine, and quercetin on STAT3 signaling, survivin expression, and response to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment in gastric cancer cells (AGS). Cytotoxic and inhibitory effects of berberine, curcumin, and quercetin alone or in combination with 5-FU were examined by MTT assay, and their effect on survivin, STAT3, and the phosphorylated active STAT3 (pSTAT3) expression was examined by western blotting. Effect of these herbal derivatives on STAT3 DNA binding activity was measured by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Curcumin, berberine, and quercetin effectively downregulated pSTAT3 levels, survivin expression, and gastric cancer cells viability in a dose-dependent manner (with corresponding IC50 values of 40.3μM, 29.2μM and 37.5μM, respectively). Berberine was more effective in inhibiting survivin expression as compared to other herbal agents. 5-FU in combination with berberine or curcumin showed a synergistic inhibition of survivin and STAT3 level resulting in enhanced cell death in gastric cancer cells. Overall, our data suggest use of berberine and curcumin as adjunct therapeutics to overcome chemoresistance during treatment of gastric malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Pandey
- a Division of Molecular Oncology , Institute of Cytology and Preventive Oncology, Noida, India and Center for Biotechnology, University of Allahabad , Allahabad , India
| | - Kanchan Vishnoi
- b Division of Molecular Oncology , Institute of Cytology and Preventive Oncology , Noida , India
| | - Sutapa Mahata
- b Division of Molecular Oncology , Institute of Cytology and Preventive Oncology , Noida , India
| | | | - Sri Prakash Misra
- c Department of Gastroenterology , MLN Medical College , Allahabad , India
| | - Vatsala Misra
- d Department of Pathology , MLN Medical College , Allahabad , India
| | - Ravi Mehrotra
- b Division of Molecular Oncology , Institute of Cytology and Preventive Oncology , Noida , India
| | - Manisha Dwivedi
- c Department of Gastroenterology , MLN Medical College , Allahabad , India
| | - Alok C Bharti
- b Division of Molecular Oncology , Institute of Cytology and Preventive Oncology , Noida , India
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7
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Ma L, Liu S, Xu NS, Jiang YQ, Song FR, Liu ZQ. Interactions of ginsenosides with DNA duplexes: A study by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and UV absorption spectroscopy. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2014.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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8
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Ma L, Song F, Liu Z, Liu S. Study on noncovalent complexes of alkaloids with DNA duplex using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2013; 27:51-58. [PMID: 23239316 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Revised: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE DNA is an important molecular target in modern medicine research. Some DNA-binding ligands have been used to treat numerous diseases. Therefore, understanding the interactions of different ligands with DNA and looking for new DNA agents are necessary to develop new drugs. METHODS Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) in the negative ion mode was used to screen the noncovalent complexes between 11 alkaloids with double helix oligonucleotides at molar ratios 1:1 to 1:4. The relative binding affinities based on the fraction of bound DNA and sequence selectivities of alkaloids towards the duplex were also investigated by ESI-MS. Moreover, tandem mass spectrometry of 5-charged complex ions was used to try to determine DNA-binding modes. RESULTS Six alkaloids showed complexation with the selected DNA duplex, i.e., berberine, coptisine, peimine, aconitine, oxysophoridine and cytisine. They showed their binding affinities with d(AACTCCCGGCACAC/GTGTGCCGGGAGTT) in the order of berberine > coptisine > peimine > aconitine, oxysophoridine > cytosine; additional experiments involving collision energy proved this result. Sequence selectivities were not apparent for coptisine, peimine, aconitine and oxysophoridine with four DNA duplexes. The complexes containing berberine and coptisine underwent the predominant loss of the G base. However, for complexes containing the other four alkaloids, they dissociated via the loss of neutral drug. The results confirmed that they may have different binding modes. CONCLUSIONS According to experiment data and structural information, the binding mode of individual drugs with DNA was speculated. It was noted that the bindings of alkaloids peimine, aconitine and oxysophoridine with DNA are discovered firstly. This may give a clue to design duplex-binding ligands and be helpful for understanding biological activities of these alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ma
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Center of Mass Spectrometry, Changchun, 130022, PR China
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9
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Ji X, Sun H, Zhou H, Xiang J, Tang Y, Zhao C. The interaction of telomeric DNA and C-myc22 G-quadruplex with 11 natural alkaloids. Nucleic Acid Ther 2012; 22:127-36. [PMID: 22480315 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2012.0342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeric DNA and C-myc22 are DNA G-quadruplex (G4)-forming sequences associated with tumorigenesis. Ligands that can facilitate the formation and increase the stabilization of G4 can halt tumor cell proliferation and have been regarded as potential anti-cancer drugs. In the present study, we have investigated the interaction of 11 natural alkaloids with G4 formed by telomeric DNA and C-myc22 sequences. Our results indicated that sanguinarine (San), palmatine (Pal), and berberine (Beb) of the first series (S1) can induce the formation of G4 as well as increase the stabilization ability. Daurisoline (S2-1), O-methyldauricine (S2-2), O-diacetyldaurisoline (S2-3), daurinoline (S2-4), dauricinoline (S2-5), N,N'-dimethyldauricine iodide (S2-6), and N,N'-dimethyldaurisoline iodide (S2-7) of the second series (S2) showed similar stabilization ability. We found that unsaturated ring C, N(+) positively charged centers, and conjugated aromatic rings are key factors to increase the stabilization ability of S1, and we gave some advice on structure modification to S2 through structure-activity study. Besides, we found San and Pal to be cell cycle blocker in G(1). San was speculated to bind to G4 through intercalation or end stacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Ji
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering Drugs and Biological Technology College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Xu N, Yang H, Cui M, Song F, Liu Z, Liu S. Evaluation of alkaloids binding to the parallel quadruplex structure [d(TGGGGT)]4 by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2012; 47:694-700. [PMID: 22707161 DOI: 10.1002/jms.2997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was used to investigate the binding interaction of six alkaloids with parallel intermolecular G-quadruplex [d(TGGGGT)](4), and five alkaloids including berberine, jatrorrhizine, palmatine, tetrandrine, and fangchinoline showed complexation with the target DNA. Relative binding affinities were estimated on the basis of mass spectrometric data. The slight differences in chemical structures of berberine, jatrorrhizine, and palmatine had little influence on their binding affinities to [d(TGGGGT)](4). Tetrandrine and fangchinoline selectively bound to [d(TGGGGT)](4) versus duplex DNA. Collision-induced dissociation (CID) experiments showed that the complexes with berberine, jatrorrhizine, and palmatine dissociated via strand separation and ligand retaining in the strand while the complexes with tetrandrine and fangchinoline were dissociated via ligand elimination. A comparison of dissociation patterns in CID experiments of complexes with the alkaloids to those with the traditional G-quadruplex DNA binders suggested an end-stacking binding mode for tetrandrine and fangchinoline and an intercalation binding mode for berberine, jatrorrhizine, and palmatine to the target DNA. The current work not only provides deep insight into alkaloid/[d(TGGGGT)](4) complexes and useful guidelines for design of efficient anticancer agents but also demonstrates the utility of ESI-MS as a powerful tool for evaluating interaction between ligand and quadruplex DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niusheng Xu
- Changchun Center of Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
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11
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Xu N, Yang H, Cui M, Wan C, Liu S. High-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry ligand fishing assay: a method for screening triplex DNA binders from natural plant extracts. Anal Chem 2012; 84:2562-8. [PMID: 22220694 DOI: 10.1021/ac202796v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel ligand fishing assay was established to screen triplex DNA binders from complicated samples by a combination of immobilization of triplex DNA on agarose beads and high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS). The biotinylated oligodeoxynucleotides were first bound to the streptavidin agarose beads and then incubated with the duplex DNA as the baits for ligand fishing. This assay was validated by the testing ligand library consisting of coralyne, ethidium bromide, vitexin, and formononetin. The binding affinities of ligands to target DNA were also obtained based on the calibration curves of ligands. Two components (berberine and palmatine) in the extract of Phellodendron chinense Schneid cortexes were fished out as triplex DNA binders by this assay, which indicated its feasibility for screening triplex DNA binders from complicated samples. This preliminary assay can be used for not only screening binders of triplex DNA from natural products extracts but also can obtain their binding affinity information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niusheng Xu
- Changchun Center of Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
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12
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Beck JL. Developments in Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry of Non-Covalent DNA–Ligand Complexes. Aust J Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1071/ch11046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Many anti-cancer drugs function by binding non-covalently to double-stranded (ds) DNA. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) has emerged over the past decade as a sensitive technique for the determination of stoichiometries and relative binding affinities of DNA–ligand interactions. The chromosome contains nucleotide sequences, for example, guanosine-rich regions, that predispose them to the formation of higher order structures such as quadruplex DNA (qDNA). Sequences that form qDNA are found in the telomeres. The proposal that ligands that stabilize qDNA might interfere with the activity of telomerase in cancer cells has stimulated the search for ligands that are selective for qDNA over dsDNA. The insights gained from the development of ESI-MS methods for analysis of non-covalent dsDNA–ligand complexes are now being applied in the search for qDNA-selective ligands. ESI-MS is a useful first-pass screening technique for qDNA-binding ligands. This short review describes some experimental considerations for ESI-MS analysis of DNA–ligand complexes, briefly addresses the question of whether non-covalent DNA–ligand complexes are faithfully transferred from solution to the gas phase, discusses ion mobility mass spectrometry as a technique for probing this issue, and highlights some recent ESI-MS studies of qDNA-selective ligands.
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13
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Selective binding of small molecules to DNA: Application and perspectives. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2010; 79:1-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2010] [Accepted: 03/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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14
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Tyagi G, Jangir DK, Singh P, Mehrotra R. DNA interaction studies of an anticancer plant alkaloid, vincristine, using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. DNA Cell Biol 2010; 29:693-9. [PMID: 20662555 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2010.1035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The binding of vincristine with DNA has been investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Various changes in the double helical structure of DNA after addition of vincristine have been examined. It is evident from Fourier transform infrared results that vincristine-DNA interaction occurs through guanine and cytosine base pairs. External binding of vincristine with phosphate backbone of the DNA is also observed. Vincristine perturbs guanine band at 1714 cm(-1), cytosine band at 1488 cm(-1), and the phosphate vibrations at 1225 and 1086 cm(-1). The UV-visible spectra of vincristine-DNA complex show hypochromic and bathochromic shifts, indicating the intercalation of vincristine into the double helical structure of DNA. Both intercalative and external binding modes are observed for vincristine binding with DNA, with an estimated binding constant K = 1.0 × 10(3) M(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunjan Tyagi
- Optical Radiation Standards, National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India
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15
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Brodbelt JS. Evaluation of DNA/Ligand interactions by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2010; 3:67-87. [PMID: 20636034 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.anchem.111808.073627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) has enabled the detection and characterization of DNA/ligand complexes, including evaluation of both relative binding affinities and selectivities of DNA-interactive ligands. The noncovalent complexes that are transferred from the solution to the gas phase retain the signature of the native species, thus allowing the use of MS to screen DNA/ligand complexes, reveal the stoichiometries of the complexes, and provide insight into the nature of the interactions. Ligands that bind to DNA via metal-mediated modes and those that bind to unusual DNA structures, such as quadruplexes, are amenable to ESI. Chemical probe methods applied to DNA/ligand complexes with ESI-MS detection afford information about ligand-binding sites and conformational changes of DNA that occur upon ligand binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Brodbelt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas, Austin, 78712, USA.
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Wang Z, Cui M, Song F, Lu L, Liu Z, Liu S. Evaluation of flavonoids binding to DNA duplexes by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2008; 19:914-922. [PMID: 18467117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2008.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2008] [Revised: 04/01/2008] [Accepted: 04/02/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was used to investigate the binding interactions of ten flavonoid aglycones and ten flavonoid glycosides with DNA duplexes. Relative binding affinities of the flavonoids toward DNA duplexes were estimated based on the fraction of bound DNA. The results revealed that the 4'-OH group of flavonoid aglycones was essential for their DNA-binding properties. Flavonoid glycosides with sugar chain linked on ring A or ring B showed enhanced binding toward the duplexes over their aglycone counterparts, whereas glycosylation of the flavonol quercetin on ring C exhibited a less pronounced effect. The aglycone skeletons and other hydroxyl substitutions on the aglycone also have an effect on the fractions of bound DNA. Upon collision-induced dissociation, the complexes containing flavonoid aglycones underwent the predominant ejection of a neutral ligand molecule, suggesting an intercalative DNA-binding mode. However, for complexes containing flavonoid glycosides, the loss of nucleobase increased to different extents, indicating a stronger binding or different binding mode. The results may provide not only a deeper insight into the DNA-binding properties of flavonoids but also a useful guideline for the design of efficient DNA-binding agents for chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofu Wang
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Center of Mass Spectrometry, Changchun, 130022, PR China
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