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Nanno Y, Shajahan A, Sonon RN, Azadi P, Hering BJ, Burlak C. High-mannose type N-glycans with core fucosylation and complex-type N-glycans with terminal neuraminic acid residues are unique to porcine islets. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241249. [PMID: 33170858 PMCID: PMC7654812 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Islet transplantation is an emerging treatment option for type 1 diabetes but its application is limited by the shortage of human pancreas donors. Characterization of the N- and O-glycan surface antigens that vary between human and genetically engineered porcine islet donors could shed light on targets of antibody mediated rejection. METHODS N- and O-glycans were isolated from human and adult porcine islets and analyzed using matrix-assisted laser-desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). RESULTS A total of 57 porcine and 34 human N-glycans and 21 porcine and 14 human O-glycans were detected from cultured islets. Twenty-eight of which were detected only from porcine islets, which include novel xenoantigens such as high-mannose type N-glycans with core fucosylation and complex-type N-glycans with terminal neuraminic acid residues. Porcine islets have terminal N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc) residue in bi-antennary N-glycans and sialyl-Tn O-glycans. No galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-Gal) or Sda epitope were detected on any of the islets. CONCLUSIONS These results provide important insights into the potential antigenic differences of N- and O-glycan profiles between human and porcine islets. Glycan differences may identify novel gene targets for genetic engineering to generate superior porcine islet donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihide Nanno
- Department of Surgery, Schulze Diabetes Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Asif Shajahan
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | | | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Bernhard J. Hering
- Department of Surgery, Schulze Diabetes Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Christopher Burlak
- Department of Surgery, Schulze Diabetes Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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2
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Harvey DJ. NEGATIVE ION MASS SPECTROMETRY FOR THE ANALYSIS OF N-LINKED GLYCANS. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2020; 39:586-679. [PMID: 32329121 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
N-glycans from glycoproteins are complex, branched structures whose structural determination presents many analytical problems. Mass spectrometry, usually conducted in positive ion mode, often requires extensive sample manipulation, usually by derivatization such as permethylation, to provide the necessary structure-revealing fragment ions. The newer but, so far, lesser used negative ion techniques, on the contrary, provide a wealth of structural information not present in positive ion spectra that greatly simplify the analysis of these compounds and can usually be conducted without the need for derivatization. This review describes the use of negative ion mass spectrometry for the structural analysis of N-linked glycans and emphasises the many advantages that can be gained by this mode of operation. Biosynthesis and structures of the compounds are described followed by methods for release of the glycans from the protein. Methods for ionization are discussed with emphasis on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and methods for producing negative ions from neutral compounds. Acidic glycans naturally give deprotonated species under most ionization conditions. Fragmentation of negative ions is discussed next with particular reference to those ions that are diagnostic for specific features such as the branching topology of the glycans and substitution positions of moieties such as fucose and sulfate, features that are often difficult to identify easily by conventional techniques such as positive ion fragmentation and exoglycosidase digestions. The advantages of negative over positive ions for this structural work are emphasised with an example of a series of glycans where all other methods failed to produce a structure. Fragmentation of derivatized glycans is discussed next, both with respect to derivatives at the reducing terminus of the molecules, and to methods for neutralization of the acidic groups on sialic acids to both stabilize them for MALDI analysis and to produce the diagnostic fragments seen with the neutral glycans. The use of ion mobility, combined with conventional mass spectrometry is described with emphasis on its use to extract clean glycan spectra both before and after fragmentation, to separate isomers and its use to extract additional information from separated fragment ions. A section on applications follows with examples of the identification of novel structures from lower organisms and tables listing the use of negative ions for structural identification of specific glycoproteins, glycans from viruses and uses in the biopharmaceutical industry and in medicine. The review concludes with a summary of the advantages and disadvantages of the technique. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Mass Spec Rev.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Life Sciences Building 85, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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3
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Lee W, Long C, Ramsoondar J, Ayares D, Cooper DKC, Manji RA, Hara H. Human antibody recognition of xenogeneic antigens (NeuGc and Gal) on porcine heart valves: could genetically modified pig heart valves reduce structural valve deterioration? Xenotransplantation 2016; 23:370-80. [DOI: 10.1111/xen.12254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Whayoung Lee
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Cassandra Long
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh PA USA
| | | | | | - David K. C. Cooper
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Rizwan A. Manji
- Department of Surgery; University of Manitoba; Winnipeg MB Canada
- Cardiac Sciences Program; Winnipeg Regional Health Authority and St Boniface Hospital; Winnipeg MB Canada
| | - Hidetaka Hara
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh PA USA
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4
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Abstract
The availability of cells, tissues and organs from a non-human species such as the pig could, at least in theory, meet the demand of organs necessary for clinical transplantation. At this stage, the important goal of getting over the first year of survival has been reported for both cellular and solid organ xenotransplantation in relevant preclinical primate models. In addition, xenotransplantation is already in the clinic as shown by the broad use of animal-derived medical devices, such as bioprosthetic heart valves and biological materials used for surgical tissue repair. At this stage, however, prior to starting a wide-scale clinical application of xenotransplantation of viable cells and organs, the important obstacle represented by the humoral immune response will need to be overcome. Likewise, the barriers posed by the activation of the innate immune system and coagulative pathway will have to be controlled. As far as xenogeneic nonviable xenografts, increasing evidence suggests that considerable immune reactions, mediated by both innate and adaptive immunity, take place and influence the long-term outcome of xenogeneic materials in patients, possibly precluding the use of bioprosthetic heart valves in young individuals. In this context, the present article provides an overview of current knowledge on the immune processes following xenotransplantation and on the possible therapeutic interventions to overcome the immunological drawbacks involved in xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vadori
- CORIT (Consortium for Research in Organ Transplantation), Via dell'Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - E Cozzi
- CORIT (Consortium for Research in Organ Transplantation), Via dell'Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy.,Transplant Immunology Unit, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Padua University Hospital, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padua, Italy
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5
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Park HM, Hwang MP, Kim YW, Kim KJ, Jin JM, Kim YH, Yang YH, Lee KH, Kim YG. Mass spectrometry-based N-linked glycomic profiling as a means for tracking pancreatic cancer metastasis. Carbohydr Res 2015; 413:5-11. [PMID: 26057990 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2015.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aberrant glycosylation profile on the surface of cancer cells has been recognized for its potential diagnostic value towards assessing tumor progression. In this study, we initially investigate N-glycan profiles on the surface of normal (HPDE) and cancerous (Capan-1, Panc-1, and MIA PaCa-2) pancreatic cell lines, which are from different sites of pancreatic tumor. The enzymatically deglycosylated total N-glycans are permethylated via a quantitative solid-phase method and then analyzed by using MALDI-TOF MS and MALDI-QIT-TOF MS. We demonstrate that the level of high-mannose type glycans is higher among Capan-1 cells-pancreatic cancer cells that have metastasized to the liver-than that observed among Panc-1 and MIA PaCa-2 cells-pancreatic cancer cells from the pancreas duct head and tail regions, respectively. Furthermore, the relative abundance of highly-branched sialyted N-glycans is significantly up-regulated on Panc-1 and MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cells compared to that of normal HPDE pancreas cells. Taken together, these results indicate that specific N-glycosylation profile changes in pancreatic cancer cells can be used to not only distinguish between normal and cancerous cells but also provide more information on their location and metastatic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Min Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - Mintai Peter Hwang
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5 Hwarangno 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Woo Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, 369 Sangdo-Ro, Seoul 156-743, South Korea
| | - Kyoung-Jin Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, 369 Sangdo-Ro, Seoul 156-743, South Korea
| | - Jang Mi Jin
- Biomedical Omics Team, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang 363-883, South Korea
| | - Young Hwan Kim
- Biomedical Omics Team, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang 363-883, South Korea; Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea; Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-333, South Korea
| | - Yung-Hun Yang
- Department of Microbial Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Kwan Hyi Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5 Hwarangno 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, South Korea.
| | - Yun-Gon Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, 369 Sangdo-Ro, Seoul 156-743, South Korea.
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: an update for 2009-2010. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2015; 34:268-422. [PMID: 24863367 PMCID: PMC7168572 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This review is the sixth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2010. General aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, arrays and fragmentation are covered in the first part of the review and applications to various structural typed constitutes the remainder. The main groups of compound that are discussed in this section are oligo and polysaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides and biopharmaceuticals. Many of these applications are presented in tabular form. Also discussed are medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions and applications to chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Harvey
- Department of BiochemistryOxford Glycobiology InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX1 3QUUK
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7
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Park HM, Kim YW, Kim KJ, Kim YJ, Yang YH, Jin JM, Kim YH, Kim BG, Shim H, Kim YG. Comparative N-linked glycan analysis of wild-type and α1,3-galactosyltransferase gene knock-out pig fibroblasts using mass spectrometry approaches. Mol Cells 2015; 38:65-74. [PMID: 25518929 PMCID: PMC4314127 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2015.2240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate antigens expressed on pig cells are considered to be major barriers in pig-to-human xenotransplantation. Even after α1,3-galactosyltransferase gene knock-out (GalT-KO) pigs are generated, potential non-Gal antigens are still existed. However, to the best of our knowledge there is no extensive study analyzing N-glycans expressed on the GalT-KO pig tissues or cells. Here, we identified and quantified totally 47 N-glycans from wild-type (WT) and GalT-KO pig fibroblasts using mass spectrometry. First, our results confirmed the absence of galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose (α-Gal) residue in the GalT-KO pig cells. Interestingly, we showed that the level of overall fucosylated N-glycans from GalT-KO pig fibroblasts is much higher than from WT pig fibroblasts. Moreover, the relative quantity of the N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc) antigen is slightly higher in the GalT-KO pigs. Thus, this study will contribute to a better understanding of cellular glycan alterations on GalT-KO pigs for successful xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Min Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742,
Korea
| | - Yoon-Woo Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul 156-743,
Korea
| | - Kyoung-Jin Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul 156-743,
Korea
| | - Young June Kim
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21+ NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714,
Korea
| | - Yung-Hun Yang
- Department of Microbial Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701,
Korea
| | - Jang Mi Jin
- Division of Mass Spectrometry Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang 363-883,
Korea
| | - Young Hwan Kim
- Division of Mass Spectrometry Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang 363-883,
Korea
- Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-764,
Korea
| | - Byung-Gee Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742,
Korea
| | - Hosup Shim
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21+ NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714,
Korea
| | - Yun-Gon Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul 156-743,
Korea
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8
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Highly sensitive glycosylation analysis of membrane glycoproteins avoiding polymeric contaminants. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-014-0117-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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9
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Park HM, Park JH, Kim YW, Kim KJ, Jeong HJ, Jang KS, Kim BG, Kim YG. The Xeno-glycomics database (XDB): a relational database of qualitative and quantitative pig glycome repertoire. Bioinformatics 2013; 29:2950-2. [PMID: 24013926 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btt504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY In recent years, the improvement of mass spectrometry-based glycomics techniques (i.e. highly sensitive, quantitative and high-throughput analytical tools) has enabled us to obtain a large dataset of glycans. Here we present a database named Xeno-glycomics database (XDB) that contains cell- or tissue-specific pig glycomes analyzed with mass spectrometry-based techniques, including a comprehensive pig glycan information on chemical structures, mass values, types and relative quantities. It was designed as a user-friendly web-based interface that allows users to query the database according to pig tissue/cell types or glycan masses. This database will contribute in providing qualitative and quantitative information on glycomes characterized from various pig cells/organs in xenotransplantation and might eventually provide new targets in the α1,3-galactosyltransferase gene-knock out pigs era. AVAILABILITY The database can be accessed on the web at http://bioinformatics.snu.ac.kr/xdb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Min Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul 156-743, Korea Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics and Institute of Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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10
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Miyagawa S, Maeda A, Kawamura T, Ueno T, Usui N, Kondo S, Matsumoto S, Okitsu T, Goto M, Nagashima H. A comparison of the main structures of N-glycans of porcine islets with those from humans. Glycobiology 2013; 24:125-38. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwt088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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11
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Burlak C, Bern M, Brito AE, Isailovic D, Wang ZY, Estrada JL, Li P, Tector AJ. N-linked glycan profiling of GGTA1/CMAH knockout pigs identifies new potential carbohydrate xenoantigens. Xenotransplantation 2013; 20:277-91. [PMID: 24033743 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The temporary or long-term xenotransplantation of pig organs into people would save thousands of lives each year if not for the robust human antibody response to pig carbohydrates. Genetically engineered pigs deficient in galactose α1,3 galactose (gene modified: GGTA1) and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (gene modified: CMAH) have significantly improved cell survival when challenged by human antibody and complement in vitro. There remains, however, a significant portion of human antibody binding. METHODS To uncover additional xenoantigens, we compared the asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycome from serum proteins of humans, domestic pigs, GGTA1 knockout pigs, and GGTA1/CMAH knockout pigs using mass spectrometry. Carbohydrate structures were determined with assistance from GlycoWorkbench, Cartoonist, and SimGlycan software by comparison to existing database entries and collision-induced dissociation fragmentation data. RESULTS Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) analysis of reduced and solid-phase permethylated glycans resulted in the detection of high-mannose, hybrid, and complex type N-linked glycans in the 1000-4500 m/z ion range. GGTA1/CMAH knockout pig samples had increased relative amounts of high-mannose, incomplete, and xylosylated N-linked glycans. All pig samples had significantly higher amounts of core and possibly antennae fucosylation. CONCLUSIONS We provide for the first time a comparison of the serum protein glycomes of the human, domestic pig, and genetically modified pigs important to xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Burlak
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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12
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Jang KS, Kim YG, Adhya M, Park HM, Kim BG. The sweets standing at the borderline between allo- and xenotransplantation. Xenotransplantation 2013; 20:199-208. [PMID: 23551837 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Animal cells are densely covered with glycoconjugates, such as N-glycan, O-glycan, and glycosphingolipids, which are important for various biological and immunological events at the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix. Endothelial α-Gal carbohydrate epitopes (Galα3Gal-R) expressed on porcine tissue or cell surfaces are such glycoconjugates and directly mediate hyperacute immunological rejection in pig-to-human xenotransplantation. Although researchers have been able to develop α1,3-galactosyltransferase (GalT) gene knockout (KO) pigs, there remain unclarified non-Gal antigens that prevent xenotransplantation. Based on our expertise in the structural analysis of xenoantigenic carbohydrates, we describe the immunologically significant non-human carbohydrate antigens, including α-Gal antigens, analyzed as part of efforts to assess the antigens responsible for hyperacute immunological rejection in pig-to-human xenotransplantation. The importance of studying human, pig, and GalT-KO pig glycoprofiles, and of developing adequate pig-to-human glycan databases, is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Soon Jang
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Interdisciplinary Program for Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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13
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Park HM, Yang YH, Kim BG, Kim YG. Structural characterization of α-galactosylated O-glycans from miniature pig kidney and endothelial cells. Carbohydr Res 2013; 369:48-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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14
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Yagi Y, Kakehi K, Hayakawa T, Ohyama Y, Suzuki S. Specific detection of N-glycolylneuraminic acid and Galα1–3Gal epitopes of therapeutic antibodies by partial-filling capillary electrophoresis. Anal Biochem 2012; 431:120-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2012.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 09/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Puga Yung GL, Li Y, Borsig L, Millard AL, Karpova MB, Zhou D, Seebach JD. Complete absence of the αGal xenoantigen and isoglobotrihexosylceramide in α1,3galactosyltransferase knock-out pigs. Xenotransplantation 2012; 19:196-206. [PMID: 22702471 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3089.2012.00705.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-Galα1,3Galβ-R natural antibodies are responsible for hyperacute rejection in pig-to-primate xenotransplantation. Although the generation of pigs lacking the α1,3galactosyltransferase (GalT) has overcome hyperacute rejection, antibody-mediated rejection is still a problem. It is possible that other enzymes synthesize antigens similar to Galα1,3Gal epitopes that are recognized by xenoreactive antibodies. The glycosphingolipid isoglobotrihexosylceramide (iGb₃) represents such a candidate expressing an alternative Galα1,3Gal epitope. The present work determined whether the terminal Galα1,3Gal disaccharide is completely absent in Immerge pigs lacking the GalT using several different highly sensitive methods. METHODS The expression of Galα1,3Gal was evaluated using a panel of antibodies and lectins by flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy; GalT activity was detected by an enzymatic assay; and ion trap mass spectroscopy of neutral cellular membranes extracted from aortic endothelial was used for the detection of sugar structures. Finally, the presence of iGb₃ synthase mRNA was tested by RT-PCR in pig thymus, spleen, lymph node, kidney, lung, and liver tissue samples. RESULTS Aortic endothelial cells derived from GalT knockout pigs expressed neither Galα1,3Gal nor iGb₃ on their surface, and GalT enzymatic activity was also absent. Lectin staining showed an increase in the blood group H-type sugar structures present in GalT knockout cells as compared to wild-type pig aortic endothelial cells (PAEC). Mass spectroscopic analysis did not reveal Galα1,3Gal in membranes of GalT knockout PAEC; iGb₃ was also totally absent, whereas a fucosylated form of iGb₃ was detected at low levels in both pig aortic endothelial cell extracts. Isoglobotrihexosylceramide 3 synthase mRNA was expressed in all pig tissues tested whether derived from wild-type or GalT knockout animals. CONCLUSIONS These results confirm unequivocally the absence of terminal Galα1,3Gal disaccharides in GalT knockout endothelial cells. Future work will have to focus on other mechanisms responsible for xenograft rejection, in particular non-Galα1,3Gal antibodies and cellular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisella L Puga Yung
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Jeong HH, Kim YG, Jang SC, Yi H, Lee CS. Profiling surface glycans on live cells and tissues using quantum dot-lectin nanoconjugates. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:3290-3295. [PMID: 22782470 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40248c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The surface of mammalian cells is densely coated with complex glycans, which are directly involved in cell-cell or cell-protein interactions that trigger various biological responses. Here, we present a novel glycomics approach that uses quantum dot (Qdot)-lectin nanoconjugates to interrogate the surface glycans of tissues and patterned cells. Our approach allows highly sensitive in situ monitoring of specific lectin-glycan interactions and quantitative information on surface glycans for each examined cell line and tissue. The results clearly show significant changes in glycosylation for each cell line and tissue sample. We expect that these results will be applicable in cancer diagnostics and promote the development of new analytical tools for glycomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heon-Ho Jeong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Deajeon 305-764, South Korea
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17
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Yagi Y, Yamamoto S, Kakehi K, Hayakawa T, Ohyama Y, Suzuki S. Application of partial-filling capillary electrophoresis using lectins and glycosidases for the characterization of oligosaccharides in a therapeutic antibody. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:2979-85. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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18
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Ko BJ, Brodbelt JS. 193 nm Ultraviolet Photodissociation of Deprotonated Sialylated Oligosaccharides. Anal Chem 2011; 83:8192-200. [DOI: 10.1021/ac201751u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Byoung Joon Ko
- Departments of †Chemical Engineering, and ‡Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1 University Station A5300, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - Jennifer S. Brodbelt
- Departments of †Chemical Engineering, and ‡Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1 University Station A5300, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States
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Ko BJ, Brodbelt JS. Ultraviolet photodissociation of chromophore-labeled oligosaccharides via reductive amination and hydrazide conjugation. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2011; 46:359-366. [PMID: 21438085 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The fragmentation patterns of hydrazide-conjugated and reductively aminated oligosaccharides, including lacto-N-fucopentaoses and lacto-N-difucohexaoses, produced on collisionally induced dissociation (CID) and ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) in a quadrupole ion trap are presented. The two derivatization methods generate different cross-ring cleavages on UVPD and CID. UVPD of hydrazide-conjugated oligosaccharides yield predominant (2, 4)A-type cross-ring cleavage ions. In contrast, UVPD of aminated oligosaccharides results mainly in (0, 1)A-type ions. Moreover, more extensive dual-cleavage pathways (i.e. internal fragment ions) were observed on UVPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung Joon Ko
- Department Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A5300, Texas 78712, USA
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CHEN Y, YAN G, ZHOU X, YANG P. Combination of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for the analysis of intact glycopeptides from horseradish peroxidase. Se Pu 2010; 28:135-9. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2012.00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Schneider MKJ, Seebach JD. Xenotransplantation literature update: May-October, 2009. Xenotransplantation 2010; 16:555-62. [PMID: 20042055 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3089.2009.00561.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kim YG, Harvey DJ, Yang YH, Park CG, Kim BG. Mass spectrometric analysis of the glycosphingolipid-derived glycans from miniature pig endothelial cells and islets: identification of NeuGc epitope in pig islets. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2009; 44:1489-1499. [PMID: 19760646 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Glycosphingolipid (GSL) is a major component of the plasma membrane in eukaryotic cells that is involved directly in a variety of immunological events via cell-to-cell or cell-to-protein interactions. In this study, qualitative and quantitative analyses of GSL-derived glycans on endothelial cells and islets from a miniature pig were performed and their glycosylation patterns were compared. A total of 60 and 47 sialylated and neutral GSL-derived glycans from the endothelial cells and islets, respectively, were characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and collision-induced fragmentation using positive-ion electrospray ionization (ESI) ion-trap tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). In accordance with previous immunohistochemistry studies, the alpha-Gal-terminated GSL was not detected but NeuGc-terminated GSLs were newly detected from miniature pig islets. In addition, the neutral GSL-derived glycans were relatively quantified by derivatization with carboxymethyl trimethylammonium hydrazide (so called Girard's T reagent) and MALDI-TOF MS. The structural information of the GSL-derived glycans from pig endothelial cells and islets suggests that special attention should be paid to all types of glycoconjugates expressed on pig tissues or cells for successful clinical xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Gon Kim
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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