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Fojtík L, Kalaninová Z, Fiala J, Halada P, Chmelík J, Man P, Kukačka Z, Novák P. Structural Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies and Epitope Mapping by FFAP Footprinting. Anal Chem 2024; 96:7386-7393. [PMID: 38698660 PMCID: PMC11099888 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Covalent labeling in combination with mass spectrometry is a powerful approach used in structural biology to study protein structures, interactions, and dynamics. Recently, the toolbox of covalent labeling techniques has been expanded with fast fluoroalkylation of proteins (FFAP). FFAP is a novel radical labeling method that utilizes fluoroalkyl radicals generated from hypervalent Togni reagents for targeting aromatic residues. This report further demonstrates the benefits of FFAP as a new method for structural characterization of therapeutic antibodies and interaction interfaces of antigen-antibody complexes. The results obtained from human trastuzumab and its complex with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) correlate well with previously published structural data and demonstrate the potential of FFAP in structural biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš Fojtík
- Institute
of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic
- Faculty
of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague 128 00, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Kalaninová
- Institute
of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic
- Faculty
of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague 128 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Fiala
- Institute
of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Halada
- Institute
of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Chmelík
- Institute
of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Man
- Institute
of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Kukačka
- Institute
of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Novák
- Institute
of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic
- Faculty
of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague 128 00, Czech Republic
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2
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Coliat P, Erb S, Diemer H, Karouby D, Martin T, Banerjee M, Zhu C, Demarchi M, Cianférani S, Detappe A, Pivot X. Influence of pneumatic transportation on the stability of monoclonal antibodies. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21875. [PMID: 38072852 PMCID: PMC10710995 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49235-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pneumatic transportation systems (PTS) were recently proposed as a method to carry ready-for-injection diluted monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from the pharmacy to the bedside of patients. This method reduces transportation time and improves the efficiency of drug distribution process. However, mAbs are highly sensitive molecules for which subtle alterations may lead to deleterious clinical effects. These alterations can be caused by various external factors such as temperature, pH, pressure, and mechanical forces that may occur during transportation. Hence, it is essential to ensure that the mAbs transported by PTS remain stable and active throughout the transportation process. This study aims to determine the safety profile of PTS to transport 11 routinely used mAbs in a clinical setting through assessment of critical quality attributes (CQA) and orthogonal analysis. Hence, we performed aggregation/degradation profiling, post-translational modifications identification using complementary mass spectrometry-based methods, along with visible and subvisible particle formation determination by light absorbance and light obscuration analysis. Altogether, these results highlight that PTS can be safely used for this purpose when air is removed from the bags during preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Coliat
- Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, ICANS, 17 Rue Albert Calmette, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Stéphane Erb
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, CNRS UMR7178, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Institut du Médicament Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI-FR2048, Strasbourg, France
| | - Hélène Diemer
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, CNRS UMR7178, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Institut du Médicament Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI-FR2048, Strasbourg, France
| | - Dan Karouby
- Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, ICANS, 17 Rue Albert Calmette, Strasbourg, France
| | - Tristan Martin
- Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, ICANS, 17 Rue Albert Calmette, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mainak Banerjee
- Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, ICANS, 17 Rue Albert Calmette, Strasbourg, France
| | - Chen Zhu
- Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, ICANS, 17 Rue Albert Calmette, Strasbourg, France
| | - Martin Demarchi
- Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, ICANS, 17 Rue Albert Calmette, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sarah Cianférani
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, CNRS UMR7178, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Institut du Médicament Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI-FR2048, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alexandre Detappe
- Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, ICANS, 17 Rue Albert Calmette, Strasbourg, France
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, CNRS UMR7178, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Institut du Médicament Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Xavier Pivot
- Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, ICANS, 17 Rue Albert Calmette, Strasbourg, France
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Castel J, Delaux S, Hernandez-Alba O, Cianférani S. Recent advances in structural mass spectrometry methods in the context of biosimilarity assessment: from sequence heterogeneities to higher order structures. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 236:115696. [PMID: 37713983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Biotherapeutics and their biosimilar versions have been flourishing in the biopharmaceutical market for several years. Structural and functional characterization is needed to achieve analytical biosimilarity through the assessment of critical quality attributes as required by regulatory authorities. The role of analytical strategies, particularly mass spectrometry-based methods, is pivotal to gathering valuable information for the in-depth characterization of biotherapeutics and biosimilarity assessment. Structural mass spectrometry methods (native MS, HDX-MS, top-down MS, etc.) provide information ranging from primary sequence assessment to higher order structure evaluation. This review focuses on recent developments and applications in structural mass spectrometry for biotherapeutic and biosimilar characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Castel
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Bio-Organique, IPHC UMR 7178, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg 67087, France; Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI, FR2048 CNRS CEA, Strasbourg 67087, France
| | - Sarah Delaux
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Bio-Organique, IPHC UMR 7178, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg 67087, France; Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI, FR2048 CNRS CEA, Strasbourg 67087, France
| | - Oscar Hernandez-Alba
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Bio-Organique, IPHC UMR 7178, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg 67087, France; Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI, FR2048 CNRS CEA, Strasbourg 67087, France
| | - Sarah Cianférani
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Bio-Organique, IPHC UMR 7178, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg 67087, France; Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI, FR2048 CNRS CEA, Strasbourg 67087, France.
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4
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Li X. Recent applications of quantitative mass spectrometry in biopharmaceutical process development and manufacturing. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 234:115581. [PMID: 37494866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Biopharmaceutical products have seen rapid growth over the past few decades and continue to dominate the global pharmaceutical market. Aligning with the quality by design (QbD) framework and realization, recent advances in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) instrumentation and related techniques have enhanced biopharmaceutical characterization capabilities and have supported an increased development of biopharmaceutical products. Beyond its routine qualitative characterization, the quantitative feature of LC-MS has unique applications in biopharmaceutical process development and manufacturing. This review describes the recent applications and implications of the advancement of quantitative MS methods in biopharmaceutical process development, and characterization of biopharmaceutical product, product-related variants, and process-related impurities. We also provide insights on the emerging applications of quantitative MS in the lifecycle of biopharmaceutical product development including quality control in the Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) environment and process analytical technology (PAT) practices during process development and manufacturing. Through collaboration with instrument and software vendors and regulatory agencies, we envision broader adoption of phase-appropriate quantitative MS-based methods for the analysis of biopharmaceutical products, which in turn has the potential to enable manufacture of higher quality products for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanwen Li
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
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5
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Douez E, D'Atri V, Guillarme D, Antier D, Guerriaud M, Beck A, Watier H, Foucault-Fruchard L. Why is there no biosimilar of Erbitux®? J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 234:115544. [PMID: 37418870 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based therapies have been a major advance in oncology patient care, even though they represent a significant healthcare cost. Biosimilars, launched in Europe in 2004 are an economically attractive alternative to expensive originator biological drugs. They also increase the competitiveness of pharmaceutical development. This article focuses on the case of Erbitux® (cetuximab). This anti-EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor) monoclonal antibody is indicated for metastatic colorectal cancer (2004) and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (2006). However, despite the expiration of the patent in Europe in 2014 and estimated annual sales of 1.681 million US dollars in 2022, Erbitux® has not yet faced any approved biosimilar challenges in the United States or in Europe. Here, we outline the unique structural complexity of this antibody highlighted by advanced orthogonal analytical characterization strategies resulting in risks to demonstrate biosimilarity, which may explain the lack of Erbitux® biosimilars in the European and US markets to date. The development of Erbitux® biobetters are also discussed as alternative strategies to biosimilars. These biologics offer expected additional safety and potency benefits over the reference product but require a full pharmaceutical and clinical development as for New Molecular Entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Douez
- Pharmacy Department, Tours University Hospital, Tours, France; EA6295, Nanomédicaments et Nanosondes, Université de Tours, Tours, France.
| | - Valentina D'Atri
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Antier
- Pharmacy Department, Tours University Hospital, Tours, France; UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | - Mathieu Guerriaud
- CREDIMI Laboratory EA 7532 and Laboratory of Excellence LipSTIC ANR-11-LABX-0021, Faculty of Health Sciences (Pharmacy), University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Alain Beck
- IRPF - Centre D'Immunologie Pierre-Fabre (CIPF), 5 Avenue Napoléon III, BP 60497 Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Hervé Watier
- Immunology Laboratory, Tours University Hospital, Tours, France; UMR 1100, CEPR, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | - Laura Foucault-Fruchard
- Pharmacy Department, Tours University Hospital, Tours, France; UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
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Darwish IA, Alzoman NZ, Khalil NN, Darwish HW. Development of a highly sensitive chemiluminescence immunoassay using a novel signal-enhanced detection system for quantitation of durvalumab, an immune-checkpoint inhibitor monoclonal antibody used for immunotherapy of lung cancer. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15782. [PMID: 37389074 PMCID: PMC10300215 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Durvalumab (DUR) is a human monoclonal antibody used for the immunotherapy of lung cancer. It is a novel immune-checkpoint inhibitor, which blocks the programmed death 1 (PD-1) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) proteins and works to promote the normal immune responses that attack the tumour cells. To support the pharmacokinetic (PK) studies, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and refining the safety profile of DUR, an efficient assay is required, preferably immunoassay. This study describes, for the first time, the development of a highly sensitive chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) for the quantitation of DUR in plasma samples with enhanced chemiluminescence detection system. The CLIA protocol was conducted in 96-microwell plates and involved the non-competitive binding reaction of DUR to its specific antigen (PD-L1 protein). The immune complex of DUR with PD-L1 formed onto the inner surface of the assay plate wells was quantified by a chemiluminescence (CL)-producing horseradish peroxidase (HRP) reaction. The reaction employed 4-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)phenol (TRP) as an efficient enhancer of the HRP-luminol-hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) CL reaction. The optimum protocol of the proposed CLIA was established, and its validation parameters were assessed as per the guidelines for the validation of immunoassays for bioanalysis. The working dynamic range of the assay was 10-800 pg mL-1 with a limit of detection (LOD) of 10.3 pg mL-1. The assay enables the accurate and precise quantitation of DUR in human plasma at a concentration as low as 30.8 pg mL-1. The CLIA protocol is simple and convenient; an analyst can analyse several hundreds of samples per working day. This high throughput property enables the processing of many samples in clinical settings. The proposed CLIA has a significant benefit in the quantitation of DUR in clinical settings for assessment of its PK, TDM and refining the safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A. Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nourah Z. Alzoman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nehal N.Y. Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany W. Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Nature and timing of post-approval manufacturing changes of tumour necrosis factor α inhibitor products: a 20-year follow-up study of originators and biosimilars. Eur J Pharm Sci 2022; 175:106227. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sun H, Liu J, Xiao P, Zhou Y, Li H, Shen M, Sun K, Wang X, Zhou M, Song D. Epitope mapping of antibodies in C-reactive protein assay kits by hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry explains differential results across kits. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:3875-3884. [PMID: 35389096 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04029-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
C-Reactive protein (CRP) is an important marker for in vitro diagnosis (IVD) of inflammation. However, CRP immunoturbidimetric kits from different manufacturers exhibit inconsistency in evaluation, making clinical diagnosis challenging. The use of immunological methods in diagnosis means that the differences in epitopes across kits may directly lead to inconsistent results. Therefore, to provide consistent results, it is essential to perform epitope mapping of different kits. The composition of antibodies in a single kit is typically complex, with a combination of polyclonal antibodies or monoclonal antibodies. Here, we show an epitope screening strategy for complex antibodies in a kit based on hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS). We applied this workflow to successfully map the epitopes for three kits from three different manufacturers and compared their quantitative results. We obtained different quantitative results using kits from different manufacturers upon epitope mapping, confirming the correlation between the quantitative results and the epitopes. Thus, we have established a workflow based on HDX-MS to screen epitopes in IVD kits. This work helps determine the quantitative accuracy of a kit based on structural information, can guide the design and production of IVD reagents, and further improves the accuracy of IVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haofeng Sun
- Division of Chemical Metrology and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China.,School of Chemical and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Jiangsu, 210094, China
| | - Jianyi Liu
- Division of Chemical Metrology and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Division of Chemical Metrology and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Division of Chemical Metrology and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China.,School of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Division of Chemical Metrology and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Min Shen
- Reference Laboratory, Medical System Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Ningbo, 315104, China
| | - Keqi Sun
- Reference System Department, Maccura Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, 611713, China
| | - Xiaojian Wang
- Reference Laboratory, Beijing Strong Biotechnologies, Inc., Beijing, 101400, Huairou, China
| | - Min Zhou
- School of Chemical and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Jiangsu, 210094, China.
| | - Dewei Song
- Division of Chemical Metrology and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Liu T, Tao Y, Xia X, Zhang Y, Deng R, Wang Y. Analytical tools for antibody–drug conjugates: from in vitro to in vivo. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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N-Glycosylation of monoclonal antibody therapeutics: A comprehensive review on significance and characterization. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1209:339828. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Vallejo DD, Rojas Ramírez C, Parson KF, Han Y, Gadkari VV, Ruotolo BT. Mass Spectrometry Methods for Measuring Protein Stability. Chem Rev 2022; 122:7690-7719. [PMID: 35316030 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry is a central technology in the life sciences, providing our most comprehensive account of the molecular inventory of the cell. In parallel with developments in mass spectrometry technologies targeting such assessments of cellular composition, mass spectrometry tools have emerged as versatile probes of biomolecular stability. In this review, we cover recent advancements in this branch of mass spectrometry that target proteins, a centrally important class of macromolecules that accounts for most biochemical functions and drug targets. Our efforts cover tools such as hydrogen-deuterium exchange, chemical cross-linking, ion mobility, collision induced unfolding, and other techniques capable of stability assessments on a proteomic scale. In addition, we focus on a range of application areas where mass spectrometry-driven protein stability measurements have made notable impacts, including studies of membrane proteins, heat shock proteins, amyloidogenic proteins, and biotherapeutics. We conclude by briefly discussing the future of this vibrant and fast-moving area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Vallejo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Carolina Rojas Ramírez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Kristine F Parson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Yilin Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Varun V Gadkari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Brandon T Ruotolo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Peliçário Vargas B, Sari MHM, Ferreira LM. Trastuzumab in breast cancer treatment: the Era of biosimilars. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2022; 22:2507-2516. [PMID: 35236272 DOI: 10.2174/1871520622666220302114313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The discovery of trastuzumab as anti-HER2 therapy markedly improved disease control and the survival rates of patients with HER2+ breast cancer. However, as trastuzumab is considered a complex molecule, the cost of production is usually elevated, which significantly affects health budgets and limits the treatment access for patients who live in underdeveloped countries. Recently, trastuzumab production became more accessible and sustainable due to the patents' expiration, allowing biosimilar versions of trastuzumab to be developed. OBJECTIVE Our main goal was to shed more light on the uses of biosimilars in breast cancer treatment, emphasizing trastuzumab. METHOD An integrative review was carried out in the PubMed, Scielo, Web of Science, and SCOPUS databases using the terms "biosimilar," "breast cancer," "monoclonal antibody," and "trastuzumab." The time range included scientific articles published from 2015 to 2021. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The bibliographic survey showed the complexities in biological medicine manufacturing and how the monoclonal antibody's therapy with trastuzumab improved the patients' life expectancy, revolutionizing HER2+ breast cancer treatment. Nonetheless, despite its benefits, trastuzumab generates certain restrictions, especially from the economic perspective. Trastuzumab biosimilars have high selectivity and rarely cause adverse effects compared to conventional chemotherapy. CONCLUSION This study shows that trastuzumab biosimilars improve patients' accessibility to breast cancer treatment through a safe and effective therapy compared to the drug reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Peliçário Vargas
- Departamento de Farmácia Industrial, Curso de Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Luana Mota Ferreira
- Departamento de Farmácia Industrial, Curso de Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil;
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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Nupur N, Joshi S, Gulliarme D, Rathore AS. Analytical Similarity Assessment of Biosimilars: Global Regulatory Landscape, Recent Studies and Major Advancements in Orthogonal Platforms. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:832059. [PMID: 35223794 PMCID: PMC8865741 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.832059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biopharmaceuticals are one of the fastest-growing sectors in the biotechnology industry. Within the umbrella of biopharmaceuticals, the biosimilar segment is expanding with currently over 200 approved biosimilars, globally. The key step towards achieving a successful biosimilar approval is to establish analytical and clinical biosimilarity with the innovator. The objective of an analytical biosimilarity study is to demonstrate a highly similar profile with respect to variations in critical quality attributes (CQAs) of the biosimilar product, and these variations must lie within the range set by the innovator. This comprises a detailed comparative structural and functional characterization using appropriate, validated analytical methods to fingerprint the molecule and helps reduce the economic burden towards regulatory requirement of extensive preclinical/clinical similarity data, thus making biotechnological drugs more affordable. In the last decade, biosimilar manufacturing and associated regulations have become more established, leading to numerous approvals. Biosimilarity assessment exercises conducted towards approval are also published more frequently in the public domain. Consequently, some technical advancements in analytical sciences have also percolated to applications in analytical biosimilarity assessment. Keeping this in mind, this review aims at providing a holistic view of progresses in biosimilar analysis and approval. In this review, we have summarized the major developments in the global regulatory landscape with respect to biosimilar approvals and also catalogued biosimilarity assessment studies for recombinant DNA products available in the public domain. We have also covered recent advancements in analytical methods, orthogonal techniques, and platforms for biosimilar characterization, since 2015. The review specifically aims to serve as a comprehensive catalog for published biosimilarity assessment studies with details on analytical platform used and critical quality attributes (CQAs) covered for multiple biotherapeutic products. Through this compilation, the emergent evolution of techniques with respect to each CQA has also been charted and discussed. Lastly, the information resource of published biosimilarity assessment studies, created during literature search is anticipated to serve as a helpful reference for biopharmaceutical scientists and biosimilar developers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neh Nupur
- Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
| | - Srishti Joshi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
| | - Davy Gulliarme
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anurag S. Rathore
- Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Anurag S. Rathore,
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14
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Vallejo DD, Kang J, Coghlan J, Ramírez CR, Polasky DA, Kurulugama RT, Fjeldsted JC, Schwendeman AA, Ruotolo BT. Collision-Induced Unfolding Reveals Stability Differences in Infliximab Therapeutics under Native and Heat Stress Conditions. Anal Chem 2021; 93:16166-16174. [PMID: 34808055 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) and collision-induced unfolding (CIU) assays of monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based biotherapeutics have proven sensitive to disulfide bridge structures, glycosylation patterns, and small molecule conjugation levels. Despite promising prior reports detailing the capabilities of IM-MS and CIU to differentiate biosimilars, generic mAb therapeutics, there remain questions surrounding the sensitivity of CIU to mAb structure changes that occur upon stress, the reproducibility of such measurements across IM-MS platforms, and the correlation between CIU and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) datasets. In this report, we describe a comprehensive IM-MS and CIU dataset acquired for three Infliximabs: Remicade, Inflectra, and Renflexis. We subject each infliximab sample to forced degradation through heat stress and observe broadly similar yet subtly different stability patterns for these three biotherapeutics. We find that CIU is capable of tracking differences in mAb higher-order structure (HOS) imparted during forced heat stress degradation and that DSC is less sensitive to these alterations in comparison. Furthermore, we collected our comprehensive IM-MS and CIU data across two instrument platforms (Waters G2 and Agilent 6560), with both producing similar abilities to differentiate mAbs while also revealing minor differences between the results obtained on the two instruments. Finally, we demonstrate that CIU-based heatmaps and classification allow for rapid assessment of the most differentiating charge states for the analysis of infliximab, and using multiplexed classification, we conservatively estimate a 30-fold improvement in the time required to perform mAb stability and HOS measurements over standard DSC tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Vallejo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jukyung Kang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jill Coghlan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Carolina Rojas Ramírez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Daniel A Polasky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | | | - John C Fjeldsted
- Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, California 95051, United States
| | - Anna A Schwendeman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Brandon T Ruotolo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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15
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Di Marco F, Berger T, Esser-Skala W, Rapp E, Regl C, Huber CG. Simultaneous Monitoring of Monoclonal Antibody Variants by Strong Cation-Exchange Chromatography Hyphenated to Mass Spectrometry to Assess Quality Attributes of Rituximab-Based Biotherapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9072. [PMID: 34445776 PMCID: PMC8396523 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Different manufacturing processes and storage conditions of biotherapeutics can lead to a significant variability in drug products arising from chemical and enzymatic post-translational modifications (PTMs), resulting in the co-existence of a plethora of proteoforms with different physicochemical properties. To unravel the heterogeneity of these proteoforms, novel approaches employing strong cation-exchange (SCX) high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) hyphenated to mass spectrometry (MS) using a pH gradient of volatile salts have been developed in recent years. Here, we apply an established SCX-HPLC-MS method to characterize and compare two rituximab-based biotherapeutics, the originator MabThera® and its Indian copy product Reditux™. The study assessed molecular differences between the two drug products in terms of C-terminal lysine variants, glycosylation patterns, and other basic and acidic variants. Overall, MabThera® and Reditux™ displayed differences at the molecular level. MabThera® showed a higher degree of galactosylated and sialylated glycoforms, while Reditux™ showed increased levels of oligomannose and afucosylated glycoforms. Moreover, the two drug products showed differences in terms of basic variants such as C-terminal lysine and N-terminal truncation, present in Reditux™ but not in MabThera®. This study demonstrates the capability of this fast SCX-HPLC-MS approach to compare different drug products and simultaneously assess some of their quality attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiammetta Di Marco
- Department of Biosciences, Bioanalytical Research Labs, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (F.D.M.); (T.B.); (W.E.-S.); (C.R.)
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar Characterization, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Thomas Berger
- Department of Biosciences, Bioanalytical Research Labs, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (F.D.M.); (T.B.); (W.E.-S.); (C.R.)
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar Characterization, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Esser-Skala
- Department of Biosciences, Bioanalytical Research Labs, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (F.D.M.); (T.B.); (W.E.-S.); (C.R.)
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar Characterization, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Biosciences, Computational Systems Biology Group, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Erdmann Rapp
- glyXera GmbH, Brenneckestraße 20—ZENIT, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany;
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstraße 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christof Regl
- Department of Biosciences, Bioanalytical Research Labs, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (F.D.M.); (T.B.); (W.E.-S.); (C.R.)
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar Characterization, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christian G. Huber
- Department of Biosciences, Bioanalytical Research Labs, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (F.D.M.); (T.B.); (W.E.-S.); (C.R.)
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar Characterization, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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16
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Skeene K, Khatri K, Soloviev Z, Lapthorn C. Current status and future prospects for ion-mobility mass spectrometry in the biopharmaceutical industry. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2021; 1869:140697. [PMID: 34246790 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2021.140697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Detailed characterization of protein reagents and biopharmaceuticals is key in defining successful drug discovery campaigns, aimed at bringing molecules through different discovery stages up to development and commercialization. There are many challenges in this process, with complex and detailed analyses playing paramount roles in modern industry. Mass spectrometry (MS) has become an essential tool for characterization of proteins ever since the onset of soft ionization techniques and has taken the lead in quality assessment of biopharmaceutical molecules, and protein reagents, used in the drug discovery pipeline. MS use spans from identification of correct sequences, to intact molecule analyses, protein complexes and more recently epitope and paratope identification. MS toolkits could be incredibly diverse and with ever evolving instrumentation, increasingly novel MS-based techniques are becoming indispensable tools in the biopharmaceutical industry. Here we discuss application of Ion Mobility MS (IMMS) in an industrial setting, and what the current applications and outlook are for making IMMS more mainstream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty Skeene
- Biopharm Process Research, Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK.
| | - Kshitij Khatri
- Structure and Function Characterization, CMC-Analytical, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19406, USA.
| | - Zoja Soloviev
- Protein, Cellular and Structural Sciences, Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK.
| | - Cris Lapthorn
- Structure and Function Characterization, CMC-Analytical, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK.
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17
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Harvey DJ. ANALYSIS OF CARBOHYDRATES AND GLYCOCONJUGATES BY MATRIX-ASSISTED LASER DESORPTION/IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY: AN UPDATE FOR 2015-2016. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2021; 40:408-565. [PMID: 33725404 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This review is the ninth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2016. Also included are papers that describe methods appropriate to analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation techniques, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. Topics covered in the first part of the review include general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation and arrays. The second part of the review is devoted to applications to various structural types such as oligo- and poly-saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides and biopharmaceuticals. Much of this material is presented in tabular form. The third part of the review covers medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions and applications to chemical synthesis. The reported work shows increasing use of combined new techniques such as ion mobility and the enormous impact that MALDI imaging is having. MALDI, although invented over 30 years ago is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis and advancements in the technique and range of applications show no sign of deminishing. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
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18
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Dadouch M, Ladner Y, Bich C, Montels J, Morel J, Bechara C, Perrin C. In-capillary (electrophoretic) digestion-reduction-separation: A smart tool for middle-up analysis of mAb. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1648:462213. [PMID: 33991752 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Comprehensive characterization of physicochemical properties of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is a critical process to ensure their quality, efficacy, and safety. For this purpose, mAb analysis at different levels (bottom-up, middle-up) is a common approach that includes rather complex multistep sample preparation (reduction, digestion). To ensure high analysis performance, the development of fully integrated methodologies is highly valuable. Capillary zone electrophoresis is a particularly well-adapted technique for the multistep implementation of analytical strategies from sample preparation to detection. This feature was employed to develop novel integrated methodologies for the analysis of mAb at the middle-up level. Multiple in-line reactions (simultaneous reduction and digestion) were performed for the first time in the separation capillary. Tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine hydrochloride (TCEP) was used as an effective reducing agent under a broad pH range and IdeS (Immunoglobulin degrading enzyme from Streptococcus) as a highly specific enzyme for mAb digestion. Transverse diffusion of laminar flow profile (TDLFP) was applied for reactants mixing. Both in-line sample preparation and separation parameters were optimized under non-denaturing and denaturing conditions. The developed in-line methodologies provided good reproducibility and higher peak efficiencies comparing with off-line assays. They were successfully applied to different mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Dadouch
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247-CNRS-UM-ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Yoann Ladner
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247-CNRS-UM-ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Claudia Bich
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247-CNRS-UM-ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jérôme Montels
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247-CNRS-UM-ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jacques Morel
- Département de Rhumatologie, Université de Montpellier, Hôpital Lapeyronie, 34295 Cedex 5, Montpellier, France
| | - Cherine Bechara
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), France
| | - Catherine Perrin
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247-CNRS-UM-ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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19
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Dadouch M, Ladner Y, Bich C, Montels J, Morel J, Perrin C. Fast in-line bottom-up analysis of monoclonal antibodies: Toward an electrophoretic fingerprinting approach. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:1229-1237. [PMID: 33650106 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
For their characterization and quality control, monoclonal antibodies are frequently analyzed at the bottom-up level to generate specific fingerprints that can be used to tackle post-translational modifications or ensure production consistency between lots. To circumvent time-consuming and labor-intensive off-line sample preparation steps, the implementation of integrated methodologies from sample preparation to separation and detection is highly valuable. In this perspective, capillary zone electrophoresis appears as a choice technique since the capillary can subsequently be used as a vessel for sample preparation and electrophoretic discrimination/detection of the reaction products. Here, a fast in-line methodology for the routine quality control of mAbs at the bottom-up level is reported. Simultaneous denaturation and reduction (pretreatment step) were conducted with RapiGest® surfactant and dithiothreitol before in-line tryptic digestion. Reactant mixing was realized by transverse diffusion of laminar flow profile under controlled temperature. In-line digestion was carried out with a resistant trypsin to autolysis. The main parameters affecting the digestion efficiency (trypsin concentration and incubation conditions) were optimized to generate mAb electrophoretic profiles free from trypsin interferences. An acidic MS-compatible BGE was used to obtain high resolution separation of released peptides and in-line surfactant cleavage. The whole methodology was performed in less than two hours with good repeatability of migration times (RSD = 0.91%, n = 5) and corrected peak areas (RSD = 9.6%, n = 5). CE-fingerprints were successfully established for different mAbs and an antibody-drug conjugate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Dadouch
- UMR 5247-CNRS-UM-ENSCM, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Yoann Ladner
- UMR 5247-CNRS-UM-ENSCM, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Claudia Bich
- UMR 5247-CNRS-UM-ENSCM, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jérôme Montels
- UMR 5247-CNRS-UM-ENSCM, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jacques Morel
- Département de Rhumatologie, Université de Montpellier, Hôpital Lapeyronie, Montpellier Cedex 5, 34295, France
| | - Catherine Perrin
- UMR 5247-CNRS-UM-ENSCM, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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20
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Shi RL, Xiao G, Dillon TM, Ricci MS, Bondarenko PV. Characterization of therapeutic proteins by cation exchange chromatography-mass spectrometry and top-down analysis. MAbs 2021; 12:1739825. [PMID: 32292112 PMCID: PMC7188404 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2020.1739825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, cation exchange chromatography (CEX) using aqueous volatile buffers was directly coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) and applied for intact analysis of therapeutic proteins and antibodies. In our study, chemical modifications responsible for charge variants were identified by CEX-UV-MS for a monoclonal antibody (mAb), a bispecific antibody, and an Fc-fusion protein. We also report post-CEX column addition of organic solvent and acid followed by mixing at elevated temperatures, which unfolded proteins, increased ion intensity (sensitivity) and facilitated top-down analysis. mAb stressed by hydrogen peroxide oxidation was used as a model system, which produced additional CEX peaks. The on-line CEX-UV-MS top-down analysis produced gas-phase fragments containing one or two methionine residues. Oxidation of some methionine residues contributed to earlier (acidic), some to later (basic) eluting peaks, while oxidation of other residues did not change CEX elution. The abundance of the oxidized and non-oxidized fragment ions also allowed estimation of the oxidation percentage of different methionine residues in stressed mAb. CEX-UV-MS measurement revealed a new intact antibody proteoform at 5% that eluted as a basic peak and included paired modifications: high-mannose glycosylation and remaining C-terminal lysine residue (M5/M5 + K). This finding was confirmed by peptide mapping and on-column disulfide reduction coupled with reversed-phase liquid chromatography – top-down MS analysis of the collected basic peak. Overall, our results demonstrate the utility of the on-line method in providing site-specific structural information of charge modifications without fraction collection and laborious peptide mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Liuqing Shi
- Attribute Sciences, Process Development, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Gang Xiao
- Attribute Sciences, Process Development, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Thomas M Dillon
- Attribute Sciences, Process Development, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Margaret S Ricci
- Attribute Sciences, Process Development, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Pavel V Bondarenko
- Attribute Sciences, Process Development, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
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21
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Camperi J, Goyon A, Guillarme D, Zhang K, Stella C. Multi-dimensional LC-MS: the next generation characterization of antibody-based therapeutics by unified online bottom-up, middle-up and intact approaches. Analyst 2021; 146:747-769. [DOI: 10.1039/d0an01963a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review presents an overview of current analytical trends in antibody characterization by multidimensional LC-MS approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Camperi
- Department of Protein Analytical Chemistry
- Genentech Inc
- South San Francisco
- USA
| | - Alexandre Goyon
- Department of Small Molecule Analytical Chemistry
- Genentech Inc
- South San Francisco
- USA
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Geneva
- 1206 Geneva
- Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO)
| | - Kelly Zhang
- Department of Small Molecule Analytical Chemistry
- Genentech Inc
- South San Francisco
- USA
| | - Cinzia Stella
- Department of Protein Analytical Chemistry
- Genentech Inc
- South San Francisco
- USA
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22
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Wagner-Rousset E, Colas O, Chenu S, François YN, Guillarme D, Cianferani S, Tsybin YO, Sjögren J, Delobel A, Beck A. Fast Afucosylation Profiling of Glycoengineered Antibody Subunits by Middle-Up Mass Spectrometry. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2271:73-83. [PMID: 33908000 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1241-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Middle-up LC-MS antibody characterization workflows using reduction or IdeS digestion for a focused assessment of N-glycan profiling of three representative glycoengineered monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), namely, obinutuzumab (GlycomAb technology, Glycart/Roche), benralizumab (Potelligent Technology, BioWa, Kyowa Kirin) and mAb B (kifunensine) and compared to mAb A, produced in a common CHO cell line. In addition, EndoS or EndoS2 enzyme are used for quantitative determination of Fc-glycan core afucosylation and high mannose for these antibodies, as requested by health authorities for Fc-competent therapeutics mAbs critical quality attributes (CQAs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Wagner-Rousset
- Pierre Fabre Laboratories, IRPF-Centre d'Immunologie Pierre-Fabre (CIPF), Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Olivier Colas
- Pierre Fabre Laboratories, IRPF-Centre d'Immunologie Pierre-Fabre (CIPF), Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Stéphane Chenu
- Pierre Fabre Laboratories, IRPF-Centre d'Immunologie Pierre-Fabre (CIPF), Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Yannis-Nicolas François
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS), UMR 7140, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, CMU, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Cianferani
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, IPHC UMR 7178, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yury O Tsybin
- Spectroswiss Sarl, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Alain Beck
- Pierre Fabre Laboratories, IRPF-Centre d'Immunologie Pierre-Fabre (CIPF), Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France.
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23
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Duivelshof BL, Murisier A, Camperi J, Fekete S, Beck A, Guillarme D, D'Atri V. Therapeutic Fc-fusion proteins: Current analytical strategies. J Sep Sci 2020; 44:35-62. [PMID: 32914936 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fc-Fusion proteins represent a successful class of biopharmaceutical products, with already 13 drugs approved in the European Union and United States as well as three biosimilar versions of etanercept. Fc-Fusion products combine tailored pharmacological properties of biological ligands, together with multiple functions of the fragment crystallizable domain of immunoglobulins. There is a great diversity in terms of possible biological ligands, including the extracellular domains of natural receptors, functionally active peptides, recombinant enzymes, and genetically engineered binding constructs acting as cytokine traps. Due to their highly diverse structures, the analytical characterization of Fc-Fusion proteins is far more complex than that of monoclonal antibodies and requires the use and development of additional product-specific methods over conventional generic/platform methods. This can be explained, for example, by the presence of numerous sialic acids, leading to high diversity in terms of isoelectric points and complex glycosylation profiles including multiple N- and O-linked glycosylation sites. In this review, we highlight the wide range of analytical strategies used to fully characterize Fc-fusion proteins. We also present case studies on the structural assessment of all commercially available Fc-fusion proteins, based on the features and critical quality attributes of their ligand-binding domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastiaan L Duivelshof
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Amarande Murisier
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julien Camperi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Szabolcs Fekete
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alain Beck
- IRPF - Centre d'Immunologie Pierre-Fabre (CIPF), Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Valentina D'Atri
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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24
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Bouyssié D, Lesne J, Locard-Paulet M, Albigot R, Burlet-Schiltz O, Marcoux J. HDX-Viewer: interactive 3D visualization of hydrogen-deuterium exchange data. Bioinformatics 2020; 35:5331-5333. [PMID: 31287496 PMCID: PMC6954641 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary With the advent of fully automated sample preparation robots for Hydrogen–Deuterium eXchange coupled to Mass Spectrometry (HDX-MS), this method has become paramount for ligand binding or epitope mapping screening, both in academic research and biopharmaceutical industries. However, bridging the gap between commercial HDX-MS software (for raw data interpretation) and molecular viewers (to map experiment results onto a 3D structure for biological interpretation) remains laborious and requires simple but sometimes limiting coding skills. We solved this bottleneck by developing HDX-Viewer, an open-source web-based application that facilitates and quickens HDX-MS data analysis. This user-friendly application automatically incorporates HDX-MS data from a custom template or commercial HDX-MS software in PDB files, and uploads them to an online 3D molecular viewer, thereby facilitating their visualization and biological interpretation. Availability and implementation The HDX-Viewer web application is released under the CeCILL (http://www.cecill.info) and GNU LGPL licenses and can be found at https://masstools.ipbs.fr/hdx-viewer. The source code is available at https://github.com/david-bouyssie/hdx-viewer.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bouyssié
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean Lesne
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Locard-Paulet
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Renaud Albigot
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Odile Burlet-Schiltz
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Julien Marcoux
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
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25
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Camperi J, Dai L, Guillarme D, Stella C. Fast and Automated Characterization of Monoclonal Antibody Minor Variants from Cell Cultures by Combined Protein-A and Multidimensional LC/MS Methodologies. Anal Chem 2020; 92:8506-8513. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Camperi
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Lu Dai
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet, 1, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cinzia Stella
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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26
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Wagner E, Colas O, Chenu S, Goyon A, Murisier A, Cianferani S, François Y, Fekete S, Guillarme D, D’Atri V, Beck A. Determination of size variants by CE-SDS for approved therapeutic antibodies: Key implications of subclasses and light chain specificities. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 184:113166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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27
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Camperi J, Guillarme D, Lei M, Stella C. Automated middle-up approach for the characterization of biotherapeutic products by combining on-line hinge-specific digestion with RPLC-HRMS analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 182:113130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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28
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Corolleur F, Level A, Matt M, Perez S. Innovation potentials triggered by glycoscience research. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 233:115833. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.115833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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29
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Fast Confirmation of Antibody Identity by MALDI-TOF MS Fingerprints. Antibodies (Basel) 2020; 9:antib9020008. [PMID: 32224944 PMCID: PMC7362173 DOI: 10.3390/antib9020008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Thousands of antibodies for diagnostic and other analytical purposes are on the market. However, it is often difficult to identify duplicates, reagent changes, and to assign the correct original publications to an antibody. This slows down scientific progress and might even be a cause of irreproducible research and a waste of resources. Recently, activities were started to suggest the sole use of recombinant antibodies in combination with the open communication of their sequence. In this case, such uncertainties should be eliminated. Unfortunately, this approach seems to be rather a long-term vision since the development and manufacturing of recombinant antibodies remain quite expensive in the foreseeable future. Nearly all commercial antibody suppliers also may be reluctant to publish the sequence of their antibodies, since they fear counterfeiting. De novo sequencing of antibodies is also not feasible today for a reagent user without access to the hybridoma clone. Nevertheless, it seems to be crucial for any scientist to have the opportunity to identify an antibody undoubtedly to guarantee the traceability of any research activity using antibodies from a third party as a tool. For this purpose, we developed a method for the identification of antibodies based on a MALDI-TOF MS fingerprint. To circumvent lengthy denaturation, reduction, alkylation, and enzymatic digestion steps, the fragmentation was performed with a simple formic acid hydrolysis step. Eighty-nine unknown monoclonal antibodies were used for this study to examine the feasibility of this approach. Although the molecular assignment of peaks was rarely possible, antibodies could be easily recognized in a blinded test, simply from their mass-spectral fingerprint. A general protocol is given, which could be used without any optimization to generate fingerprints for a database. We want to propose that, in most scientific projects relying critically on antibody reagents, such a fingerprint should be established to prove and document the identity of the used antibodies, as well as to assign a specific reagent to a datasheet of a commercial supplier, public database record, or antibody ID.
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30
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Camperi J, Dai L, Guillarme D, Stella C. Development of a 3D-LC/MS Workflow for Fast, Automated, and Effective Characterization of Glycosylation Patterns of Biotherapeutic Products. Anal Chem 2020; 92:4357-4363. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Camperi
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Lu Dai
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CMU, Rue Michel-Servet, 1, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cinzia Stella
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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31
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Beck A, Guillarme D, Fleury-Souverain S, Bodier-Montagutelli E, Respaud R. Anticorps monoclonaux biosimilaires. Med Sci (Paris) 2020; 35:1146-1152. [DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2019215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
La mise sur le marché de biosimilaires requiert une démonstration stricte de la similarité avec l’anticorps de référence, au travers d’études précliniques et cliniques. Cet article synthétise l’ensemble des analyses physicochimiques et fonctionnelles mises en œuvre in vitro, préalables à la réalisation d’études cliniques. Pour chaque caractéristique critique de l’anticorps, nous avons détaillé les techniques analytiques communément employées, leur principe de fonctionnement, ainsi que le type d’informations que ces techniques permettent d’obtenir.
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32
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Dadouch M, Ladner Y, Bich C, Larroque M, Larroque C, Morel J, Bonnet PA, Perrin C. An in-line enzymatic microreactor for the middle-up analysis of monoclonal antibodies by capillary electrophoresis. Analyst 2020; 145:1759-1767. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an01906e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In-line enzymatic microreactor and electrophoretic strategy for the middle-up analysis of monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Dadouch
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM)
- UMR 5247-CNRS-UM-ENSCM
- Université de Montpellier
- Montpellier
- France
| | - Yoann Ladner
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM)
- UMR 5247-CNRS-UM-ENSCM
- Université de Montpellier
- Montpellier
- France
| | - Claudia Bich
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM)
- UMR 5247-CNRS-UM-ENSCM
- Université de Montpellier
- Montpellier
- France
| | - Marion Larroque
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM)
- INSERM U1194
- Montpellier
- France
| | - Christian Larroque
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM)
- INSERM U1194
- Montpellier
- France
| | - Jacques Morel
- Département de Rhumatologie
- Université de Montpellier
- Montpellier cedex 5
- France
| | - Pierre-Antoine Bonnet
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM)
- UMR 5247-CNRS-UM-ENSCM
- Université de Montpellier
- Montpellier
- France
| | - Catherine Perrin
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM)
- UMR 5247-CNRS-UM-ENSCM
- Université de Montpellier
- Montpellier
- France
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33
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Kang J, Halseth T, Vallejo D, Najafabadi ZI, Sen KI, Ford M, Ruotolo BT, Schwendeman A. Assessment of biosimilarity under native and heat-stressed conditions: rituximab, bevacizumab, and trastuzumab originators and biosimilars. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 412:763-775. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02298-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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34
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Duivelshof BL, Jiskoot W, Beck A, Veuthey JL, Guillarme D, D’Atri V. Glycosylation of biosimilars: Recent advances in analytical characterization and clinical implications. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1089:1-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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35
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Marculescu C, Lakshminarayanan A, Gault J, Knight JC, Folkes LK, Spink T, Robinson CV, Vallis K, Davis BG, Cornelissen B. Probing the limits of Q-tag bioconjugation of antibodies. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:11342-11345. [PMID: 31479092 PMCID: PMC6788405 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc02303h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Site-selective labelling of antibodies (Abs) can circumvent problems from heterogeneity of conventional conjugation. Here, we evaluate the industrially-applied chemoenzymatic 'Q-tag' strategy based on transglutaminase-mediated (TGase) amide-bond formation in the generation of 89Zr-radiolabelled antibody conjugates. We show that, despite previously suggested high regioselectivity of TGases, in the anti-Her2 Ab Herceptin™ more precise native MS indicates only 70-80% functionalization at the target site (Q298H), in competition with modification at other sites, such as Q3H critically close to the CDR1 region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Marculescu
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology
, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford
,
Oxford
, OX3 7DQ
, UK
.
;
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
, University of Oxford
,
Oxford
, OX1 3TA
, UK
.
| | - Abirami Lakshminarayanan
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology
, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford
,
Oxford
, OX3 7DQ
, UK
.
;
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
, University of Oxford
,
Oxford
, OX1 3TA
, UK
.
| | - Joseph Gault
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
, University of Oxford
,
Oxford
, OX1 3TA
, UK
.
| | - James C. Knight
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology
, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford
,
Oxford
, OX3 7DQ
, UK
.
;
| | - Lisa K. Folkes
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology
, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford
,
Oxford
, OX3 7DQ
, UK
.
;
| | - Thomas Spink
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology
, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford
,
Oxford
, OX3 7DQ
, UK
.
;
| | - Carol V. Robinson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
, University of Oxford
,
Oxford
, OX1 3TA
, UK
.
| | - Katherine Vallis
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology
, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford
,
Oxford
, OX3 7DQ
, UK
.
;
| | - Benjamin G. Davis
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
, University of Oxford
,
Oxford
, OX1 3TA
, UK
.
| | - Bart Cornelissen
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology
, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford
,
Oxford
, OX3 7DQ
, UK
.
;
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36
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Dyck YFK, Rehm D, Joseph JF, Winkler K, Sandig V, Jabs W, Parr MK. Forced Degradation Testing as Complementary Tool for Biosimilarity Assessment. Bioengineering (Basel) 2019; 6:bioengineering6030062. [PMID: 31330921 PMCID: PMC6783961 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering6030062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidation of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) can impact their efficacy and may therefore represent critical quality attributes (CQA) that require evaluation. To complement classical CQA, bevacizumab and infliximab were subjected to oxidative stress by H2O2 for 24, 48, or 72 h to probe their oxidation susceptibility. For investigation, a middle-up approach was used utilizing liquid chromatography hyphenated with mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS). In both mAbs, the Fc/2 subunit was completely oxidized. Additional oxidations were found in the light chain (LC) and in the Fd’ subunit of infliximab, but not in bevacizumab. By direct comparison of methionine positions, the oxidized residues in infliximab were assigned to M55 in LC and M18 in Fd’. The forced oxidation approach was further exploited for comparison of respective biosimilar products. Both for bevacizumab and infliximab, comparison of posttranslational modification profiles demonstrated high similarity of the unstressed reference product (RP) and the biosimilar (BS). However, for bevacizumab, comparison after forced oxidation revealed a higher susceptibility of the BS compared to the RP. It may thus be considered a useful tool for biopharmaceutical engineering, biosimilarity assessment, as well as for quality control of protein drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Felix Karl Dyck
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Life Sciences & Technology, Beuth Hochschule für Technik Berlin, Seestraße 64, 13347 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Rehm
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- ProBioGen AG, Goethestraße 54, 13086 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Felix Joseph
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Core Facility BioSupraMol, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Volker Sandig
- ProBioGen AG, Goethestraße 54, 13086 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Jabs
- Department of Life Sciences & Technology, Beuth Hochschule für Technik Berlin, Seestraße 64, 13347 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Kristina Parr
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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37
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Kerr RA, Keire DA, Ye H. The impact of standard accelerated stability conditions on antibody higher order structure as assessed by mass spectrometry. MAbs 2019; 11:930-941. [PMID: 30913973 PMCID: PMC6601562 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2019.1599632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein therapeutic higher order structure (HOS) is a quality attribute that can be assessed to help predict shelf life. To model product shelf-life values, possible sample-dependent pathways of degradation that may affect drug efficacy or safety need to be evaluated. As changes in drug thermal stability over time can be correlated with an increased risk of HOS perturbations, the effect of long-term storage on the product should be measured as a function of temperature. Here, complementary high-resolution mass spectrometry methods for HOS analysis were used to identify storage-dependent changes of biotherapeutics (bevacizumab (Avastin), trastuzumab (Herceptin), rituximab (Rituxan), and the NIST reference material 8671 (NISTmAb)) under accelerated or manufacturer-recommended storage conditions. Collision-induced unfolding ion mobility-mass spectrometry data showed changes in monoclonal antibody folded stability profiles that were consistent with the appearance of a characteristic unfolded population. Orthogonal hydrogen-deuterium exchange-mass spectrometry data revealed that the observed changes in unfolding occurred in parallel to changes in HOS localized to the periphery of the hinge region. Using intact reverse-phase liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, we identified several mass species indicative of peptide backbone hydrolysis, located between the variable and constant domains of the heavy chain of bevacizumab. Taken together, our data highlighted the capability of these approaches to identify age- or temperature-dependent changes in biotherapeutic HOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A. Kerr
- Division of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, St. Louis, USA
| | - David A. Keire
- Division of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, St. Louis, USA
| | - Hongping Ye
- Division of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, St. Louis, USA
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38
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Brown KA, Rajendran S, Dowd J, Wilson DJ. Rapid characterization of structural and functional similarity for a candidate bevacizumab (Avastin) biosimilar using a multipronged mass‐spectrometry‐based approach. Drug Test Anal 2019; 11:1207-1217. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.2609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kerene A. Brown
- Chemistry DepartmentYork University Toronto ON Canada
- The Centre for Research in Mass SpectrometryYork University Toronto ON Canada
| | | | - Jason Dowd
- Apobiologix (division of Apotex Inc.) Toronto ON Canada
| | - Derek J. Wilson
- Chemistry DepartmentYork University Toronto ON Canada
- The Centre for Research in Mass SpectrometryYork University Toronto ON Canada
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39
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Hudgens JW, Gallagher ES, Karageorgos I, Anderson KW, Filliben JJ, Huang RYC, Chen G, Bou-Assaf GM, Espada A, Chalmers MJ, Harguindey E, Zhang HM, Walters BT, Zhang J, Venable J, Steckler C, Park I, Brock A, Lu X, Pandey R, Chandramohan A, Anand GS, Nirudodhi SN, Sperry JB, Rouse JC, Carroll JA, Rand KD, Leurs U, Weis DD, Al-Naqshabandi MA, Hageman TS, Deredge D, Wintrode PL, Papanastasiou M, Lambris JD, Li S, Urata S. Interlaboratory Comparison of Hydrogen-Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry Measurements of the Fab Fragment of NISTmAb. Anal Chem 2019; 91:7336-7345. [PMID: 31045344 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) is an established, powerful tool for investigating protein-ligand interactions, protein folding, and protein dynamics. However, HDX-MS is still an emergent tool for quality control of biopharmaceuticals and for establishing dynamic similarity between a biosimilar and an innovator therapeutic. Because industry will conduct quality control and similarity measurements over a product lifetime and in multiple locations, an understanding of HDX-MS reproducibility is critical. To determine the reproducibility of continuous-labeling, bottom-up HDX-MS measurements, the present interlaboratory comparison project evaluated deuterium uptake data from the Fab fragment of NISTmAb reference material (PDB: 5K8A ) from 15 laboratories. Laboratories reported ∼89 800 centroid measurements for 430 proteolytic peptide sequences of the Fab fragment (∼78 900 centroids), giving ∼100% coverage, and ∼10 900 centroid measurements for 77 peptide sequences of the Fc fragment. Nearly half of peptide sequences are unique to the reporting laboratory, and only two sequences are reported by all laboratories. The majority of the laboratories (87%) exhibited centroid mass laboratory repeatability precisions of ⟨ sLab⟩ ≤ (0.15 ± 0.01) Da (1σx̅). All laboratories achieved ⟨sLab⟩ ≤ 0.4 Da. For immersions of protein at THDX = (3.6 to 25) °C and for D2O exchange times of tHDX = (30 s to 4 h) the reproducibility of back-exchange corrected, deuterium uptake measurements for the 15 laboratories is σreproducibility15 Laboratories( tHDX) = (9.0 ± 0.9) % (1σ). A nine laboratory cohort that immersed samples at THDX = 25 °C exhibited reproducibility of σreproducibility25C cohort( tHDX) = (6.5 ± 0.6) % for back-exchange corrected, deuterium uptake measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey W Hudgens
- Bioprocess Measurement Group, Biomolecular Measurements Division , National Institute of Standards and Technology , Rockville , Maryland 20850 , United States.,Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research , 9600 Gudelsky Drive , Rockville , Maryland 20850 , United States
| | - Elyssia S Gallagher
- Bioprocess Measurement Group, Biomolecular Measurements Division , National Institute of Standards and Technology , Rockville , Maryland 20850 , United States.,Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research , 9600 Gudelsky Drive , Rockville , Maryland 20850 , United States
| | - Ioannis Karageorgos
- Bioprocess Measurement Group, Biomolecular Measurements Division , National Institute of Standards and Technology , Rockville , Maryland 20850 , United States.,Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research , 9600 Gudelsky Drive , Rockville , Maryland 20850 , United States
| | - Kyle W Anderson
- Bioprocess Measurement Group, Biomolecular Measurements Division , National Institute of Standards and Technology , Rockville , Maryland 20850 , United States.,Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research , 9600 Gudelsky Drive , Rockville , Maryland 20850 , United States
| | - James J Filliben
- Statistical Engineering Division , National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
| | - Richard Y-C Huang
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Research and Development , Bristol-Myers Squibb Company , Princeton , New Jersey 08540 , United States
| | - Guodong Chen
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Research and Development , Bristol-Myers Squibb Company , Princeton , New Jersey 08540 , United States
| | - George M Bou-Assaf
- Analytical Development , Biogen Inc. , 225 Binney Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02142 , United States
| | - Alfonso Espada
- Centro de Investigación Lilly S.A. , 28108 Alcobendas , Spain
| | - Michael J Chalmers
- Lilly Research Laboratories , Eli Lilly and Company , Indianapolis , Indiana 46285 , United States
| | | | - Hui-Min Zhang
- Protein Analytical Chemistry , Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Benjamin T Walters
- Protein Analytical Chemistry , Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Jennifer Zhang
- Protein Analytical Chemistry , Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - John Venable
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation , 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | - Caitlin Steckler
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation , 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive , San Diego , California 92121 , United States.,Joint Center for Structural Genomics , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Inhee Park
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation , 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | - Ansgar Brock
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation , 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | - Xiaojun Lu
- MedImmune LLC , One MedImmune Way , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20878 , United States
| | - Ratnesh Pandey
- MedImmune LLC , One MedImmune Way , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20878 , United States
| | - Arun Chandramohan
- Department of Biological Sciences , National University of Singapore , 14, Science Drive 4 , Singapore 117543
| | - Ganesh Srinivasan Anand
- Department of Biological Sciences , National University of Singapore , 14, Science Drive 4 , Singapore 117543
| | - Sasidhar N Nirudodhi
- Vaccine R&D , Pfizer Inc. , 401 N Middletown Rd , Pearl River, New York 10965 , United States
| | - Justin B Sperry
- Analytical R&D , Pfizer Inc. , 700 Chesterfield Parkway West , Chesterfield , Missouri 63017 , United States
| | - Jason C Rouse
- Analytical R&D , Pfizer Inc. , 1 Burtt Road , Andover , Massachusetts 01810 , United States
| | - James A Carroll
- Analytical R&D , Pfizer Inc. , 700 Chesterfield Parkway West , Chesterfield , Missouri 63017 , United States
| | - Kasper D Rand
- Department of Pharmacy , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 2 , DK-2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Ulrike Leurs
- Department of Pharmacy , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 2 , DK-2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - David D Weis
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kansas , 1567 Irving Hill Road , Lawrence , Kansas 66045 , United States
| | - Mohammed A Al-Naqshabandi
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kansas , 1567 Irving Hill Road , Lawrence , Kansas 66045 , United States.,Department of General Science , Soran University , Kawa Street , Soran , Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Tyler S Hageman
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kansas , 1567 Irving Hill Road , Lawrence , Kansas 66045 , United States
| | - Daniel Deredge
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Maryland, Baltimore, School of Pharmacy , 20 North Pine Street , Baltimore , Maryland 21201 , United States
| | - Patrick L Wintrode
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Maryland, Baltimore, School of Pharmacy , 20 North Pine Street , Baltimore , Maryland 21201 , United States
| | - Malvina Papanastasiou
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, 402 Stellar-Chance Laboratories , University of Pennsylvania , 422 Curie Boulevard , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - John D Lambris
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, 402 Stellar-Chance Laboratories , University of Pennsylvania , 422 Curie Boulevard , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Medicine , University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Sarah Urata
- Department of Medicine , University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
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40
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Upton R, Migas LG, Pacholarz KJ, Beniston RG, Estdale S, Firth D, Barran PE. Hybrid mass spectrometry methods reveal lot-to-lot differences and delineate the effects of glycosylation on the tertiary structure of Herceptin®. Chem Sci 2019; 10:2811-2820. [PMID: 30997002 PMCID: PMC6425993 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc05029e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To quantify the measurable variations in the structure of a biopharmaceutical product we systematically evaluate three lots of Herceptin®, two mAb standards and an intact Fc-hinge fragment. Each mAb is examined in three states; glycan intact, truncated (following endoS2 treatment) and fully deglycosylated. Despite equivalence at the intact protein level, each lot of Herceptin® gives a distinctive signature in three different mass spectrometry approaches. Ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS) shows that in the API, the attached N-glycans reduce the conformational spread of each mAb by 10.5-25%. Hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) data support this, with lower global deuterium uptake in solution when comparing intact to the fully deglycosylated protein. HDX-MS and activated IM-MS map the influence of glycans on the mAb and reveal allosteric effects which extend far beyond the Fc domains into the Fab region. Taken together, these findings and the supplied interactive data sets establish acceptance criteria with application for MS based characterisation of biosimilars and novel therapeutic mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosie Upton
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology , Michael Barber Centre for Collaborative Mass Spectrometry , University of Manchester , 131 Princess Street , Manchester , M1 7DN , UK .
| | - Lukasz G Migas
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology , Michael Barber Centre for Collaborative Mass Spectrometry , University of Manchester , 131 Princess Street , Manchester , M1 7DN , UK .
| | - Kamila J Pacholarz
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology , Michael Barber Centre for Collaborative Mass Spectrometry , University of Manchester , 131 Princess Street , Manchester , M1 7DN , UK .
| | | | - Sian Estdale
- Covance Laboratories Ltd. , Otley Road , Harrogate , HG3 1PY , UK
| | - David Firth
- Covance Laboratories Ltd. , Otley Road , Harrogate , HG3 1PY , UK
| | - Perdita E Barran
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology , Michael Barber Centre for Collaborative Mass Spectrometry , University of Manchester , 131 Princess Street , Manchester , M1 7DN , UK .
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41
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Beck A, D’Atri V, Ehkirch A, Fekete S, Hernandez-Alba O, Gahoual R, Leize-Wagner E, François Y, Guillarme D, Cianférani S. Cutting-edge multi-level analytical and structural characterization of antibody-drug conjugates: present and future. Expert Rev Proteomics 2019; 16:337-362. [DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2019.1578215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Beck
- Biologics CMC and Developability, IRPF - Centre d’Immunologie Pierre-Fabre (CIPF), Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Valentina D’Atri
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CMU, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anthony Ehkirch
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, IPHC UMR 7178, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Szabolcs Fekete
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CMU, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Oscar Hernandez-Alba
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, IPHC UMR 7178, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Rabah Gahoual
- Unité de Technologies Biologiques et Chimiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), Paris 5-CNRS UMR8258 Inserm U1022, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Leize-Wagner
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS), UMR 7140, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yannis François
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS), UMR 7140, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Davy Guillarme
- Biologics CMC and Developability, IRPF - Centre d’Immunologie Pierre-Fabre (CIPF), Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Sarah Cianférani
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, IPHC UMR 7178, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
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42
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Rabuck-Gibbons JN, Lodge JM, Mapp AK, Ruotolo BT. Collision-Induced Unfolding Reveals Unique Fingerprints for Remote Protein Interaction Sites in the KIX Regulation Domain. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2019; 30:94-102. [PMID: 30136215 PMCID: PMC6320266 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-018-2043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The kinase-inducible domain (KIX) of the transcriptional coactivator CBP binds multiple transcriptional regulators through two allosterically connected sites. Establishing a method for observing activator-specific KIX conformations would facilitate the discovery of drug-like molecules that capture specific conformations and further elucidate how distinct activator-KIX complexes produce differential transcriptional effects. However, the transient and low to moderate affinity interactions between activators and KIX are difficult to capture using traditional biophysical assays. Here, we describe a collision-induced unfolding-based approach that produces unique fingerprints for peptides bound to each of the two available sites within KIX, as well as a third fingerprint for ternary KIX complexes. Furthermore, we evaluate the analytical utility of unfolding fingerprints for KIX complexes using CIUSuite, and conclude by speculating as to the structural origins of the conformational families created from KIX:peptide complexes following collisional activation. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica N Rabuck-Gibbons
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N University, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jean M Lodge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N University, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Life Science Institute, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Ave., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- University of Wisconsin, Genome Center, 425 Henry Mall, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Anna K Mapp
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N University, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Life Science Institute, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Ave., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Brandon T Ruotolo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N University, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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43
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Jin Y, Lin Z, Xu Q, Fu C, Zhang Z, Zhang Q, Pritts WA, Ge Y. Comprehensive characterization of monoclonal antibody by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. MAbs 2019; 11:106-115. [PMID: 30230956 PMCID: PMC6343775 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2018.1525253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmaceutical industry's interest in monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and their derivatives has spurred rapid growth in the commercial and clinical pipeline of these effective therapeutics. The complex micro-heterogeneity of mAbs requires in-depth structural characterization for critical quality attribute assessment and quality assurance. Currently, mass spectrometry (MS)-based methods are the gold standard in mAb analysis, primarily with a bottom-up approach in which immunoglobulins G (IgGs) and their variants are digested into peptides to facilitate the analysis. Comprehensive characterization of IgGs and the micro-variants remains challenging at the proteoform level. Here, we used both top-down and middle-down MS for in-depth characterization of a human IgG1 using ultra-high resolution Fourier transform MS. Our top-down MS analysis provided characteristic fingerprinting of the IgG1 proteoforms at unit mass resolution. Subsequently, the tandem MS analysis of intact IgG1 enabled the detailed sequence characterization of a representative IgG1 proteoform at the intact protein level. Moreover, we used the middle-down MS analysis to characterize the primary glycoforms and micro-variants. Micro-variants such as low-abundance glycoforms, C-terminal glycine clipping, and C-terminal proline amidation were characterized with bond cleavages higher than 44% at the subunit level. By combining top-down and middle-down analysis, 76% of bond cleavage (509/666 amino acid bond cleaved) of IgG1 was achieved. Taken together, we demonstrated the combination of top-down and middle-down MS as powerful tools in the comprehensive characterization of mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Jin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ziqing Lin
- Human Proteomics Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Qingge Xu
- Human Proteomics Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Cexiong Fu
- Process Analytical, AbbVie Inc, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Zhaorui Zhang
- Process Analytical, AbbVie Inc, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Qunying Zhang
- Process Analytical, AbbVie Inc, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Wayne A. Pritts
- Process Analytical, AbbVie Inc, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ying Ge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Human Proteomics Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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44
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Xie H, Adjei AA. Antibody-Drug Conjugates for the Therapy of Thoracic Malignancies. J Thorac Oncol 2018; 14:358-376. [PMID: 30599202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a novel class of therapeutic agents incorporating both target-specific monoclonal antibodies and cytotoxic small molecules via a chemical linker. They were first introduced into the clinic for the treatment of advanced hematologic malignancies. The only approved ADC for solid tumors targets erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase (HER2), a validated antigen in breast cancer. Many ADCs are under active investigation for various types of solid tumors. In this article, we review the literature from several perspectives including the design, pharmacology, and mechanism-based toxicities of antibody-drug conjugates. We then discuss ADCs currently in clinical development for thoracic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xie
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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45
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Pandeswari PB, Sabareesh V. Middle-down approach: a choice to sequence and characterize proteins/proteomes by mass spectrometry. RSC Adv 2018; 9:313-344. [PMID: 35521579 PMCID: PMC9059502 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07200k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to rapid growth in the elucidation of genome sequences of various organisms, deducing proteome sequences has become imperative, in order to have an improved understanding of biological processes. Since the traditional Edman method was unsuitable for high-throughput sequencing and also for N-terminus modified proteins, mass spectrometry (MS) based methods, mainly based on soft ionization modes: electrospray ionization and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization, began to gain significance. MS based methods were adaptable for high-throughput studies and applicable for sequencing N-terminus blocked proteins/peptides too. Consequently, over the last decade a new discipline called 'proteomics' has emerged, which encompasses the attributes necessary for high-throughput identification of proteins. 'Proteomics' may also be regarded as an offshoot of the classic field, 'biochemistry'. Many protein sequencing and proteomic investigations were successfully accomplished through MS dependent sequence elucidation of 'short proteolytic peptides (typically: 7-20 amino acid residues), which is called the 'shotgun' or 'bottom-up (BU)' approach. While the BU approach continues as a workhorse for proteomics/protein sequencing, attempts to sequence intact proteins without proteolysis, called the 'top-down (TD)' approach started, due to ambiguities in the BU approach, e.g., protein inference problem, identification of proteoforms and the discovery of posttranslational modifications (PTMs). The high-throughput TD approach (TD proteomics) is yet in its infancy. Nevertheless, TD characterization of purified intact proteins has been useful for detecting PTMs. With the hope to overcome the pitfalls of BU and TD strategies, another concept called the 'middle-down (MD)' approach was put forward. Similar to BU, the MD approach also involves proteolysis, but in a restricted manner, to produce 'longer' proteolytic peptides than the ones usually obtained in BU studies, thereby providing better sequence coverage. In this regard, special proteases (OmpT, Sap9, IdeS) have been used, which can cleave proteins to produce longer proteolytic peptides. By reviewing ample evidences currently existing in the literature that is predominantly on PTM characterization of histones and antibodies, herein we highlight salient features of the MD approach. Consequently, we are inclined to claim that the MD concept might have widespread applications in future for various research areas, such as clinical, biopharmaceuticals (including PTM analysis) and even for general/routine characterization of proteins including therapeutic proteins, but not just limited to analysis of histones or antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Boomathi Pandeswari
- Advanced Centre for Bio Separation Technology (CBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) Vellore Tamil Nadu 632014 India
| | - Varatharajan Sabareesh
- Advanced Centre for Bio Separation Technology (CBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) Vellore Tamil Nadu 632014 India
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46
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Kaur U, Johnson DT, Chea EE, Deredge DJ, Espino JA, Jones LM. Evolution of Structural Biology through the Lens of Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2018; 91:142-155. [PMID: 30457831 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Upneet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Maryland , Baltimore , Maryland 21201 , United States
| | - Danté T Johnson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Maryland , Baltimore , Maryland 21201 , United States
| | - Emily E Chea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Maryland , Baltimore , Maryland 21201 , United States
| | - Daniel J Deredge
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Maryland , Baltimore , Maryland 21201 , United States
| | - Jessica A Espino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Maryland , Baltimore , Maryland 21201 , United States
| | - Lisa M Jones
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Maryland , Baltimore , Maryland 21201 , United States
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47
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D’Atri V, Fekete S, Clarke A, Veuthey JL, Guillarme D. Recent Advances in Chromatography for Pharmaceutical Analysis. Anal Chem 2018; 91:210-239. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina D’Atri
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Szabolcs Fekete
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Clarke
- Novartis Pharma AG, Technical Research and Development, Chemical and Analytical Development (CHAD), Basel, CH4056, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Luc Veuthey
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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48
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Ehkirch A, Goyon A, Hernandez-Alba O, Rouviere F, D’Atri V, Dreyfus C, Haeuw JF, Diemer H, Beck A, Heinisch S, Guillarme D, Cianferani S. A Novel Online Four-Dimensional SEC×SEC-IM×MS Methodology for Characterization of Monoclonal Antibody Size Variants. Anal Chem 2018; 90:13929-13937. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Ehkirch
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Alexandre Goyon
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CMU, Rue Michel-Servet, 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Oscar Hernandez-Alba
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Florent Rouviere
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, CNRS, UMR5280, Université de Lyon, ENS, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Valentina D’Atri
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CMU, Rue Michel-Servet, 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Cyrille Dreyfus
- IRPF−Centre d’Immunologie Pierre-Fabre (CIPF), 74160 Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Jean-François Haeuw
- IRPF−Centre d’Immunologie Pierre-Fabre (CIPF), 74160 Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Hélène Diemer
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Alain Beck
- IRPF−Centre d’Immunologie Pierre-Fabre (CIPF), 74160 Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Sabine Heinisch
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, CNRS, UMR5280, Université de Lyon, ENS, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CMU, Rue Michel-Servet, 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Cianferani
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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49
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Hamidaddin MA, AlRabiah H, Darwish IA. Development and validation of generic heterogeneous fluoroimmunoassay for bioanalysis of bevacizumab and cetuximab monoclonal antibodies used for cancer immunotherapy. Talanta 2018; 188:562-569. [PMID: 30029413 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.05.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This study describes, for the first time, the development and validation of a highly selective and sensitive heterogeneous fluoroimmunoassay (FIA) for the bioanalysis of two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) used for cancer immunotherapy: bevacizumab (BEV) and cetuximab (CET). The assay combines reliable non-competitive binding of BEV and CET to their specific cell receptor proteins (human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), respectively) with the highly specific fluorescence activity of the fluorescein isothiocyanate labeled anti-human IgG (FITC-IgG) used as label. The limits of detection were 14.14 and 1.27 × 103 ng mL-1 for BEV and CET, respectively. The accuracy and precision of the assay were demonstrated. The assay is simple, convenient, and requires very small volume (~ 5 µL) of plasma sample for analysis. The assay can offer high throughput analysis in clinical settings when modern microplates of multiplies of 96 (up to 6144-wells) are used and/or integrated as a part of automated robotic system. The proposed assay can be used for routine clinical bioanalysis of mAbs with potential application in pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Hamidaddin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medicinal and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Haitham AlRabiah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim A Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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50
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Háda V, Bagdi A, Bihari Z, Timári SB, Fizil Á, Szántay C. Recent advancements, challenges, and practical considerations in the mass spectrometry-based analytics of protein biotherapeutics: A viewpoint from the biosimilar industry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 161:214-238. [PMID: 30205300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The extensive analytical characterization of protein biotherapeutics, especially of biosimilars, is a critical part of the product development and registration. High-resolution mass spectrometry became the primary analytical tool used for the structural characterization of biotherapeutics. Its high instrumental sensitivity and methodological versatility made it possible to use this technique to characterize both the primary and higher-order structure of these proteins. However, even by using high-end instrumentation, analysts face several challenges with regard to how to cope with industrial and regulatory requirements, that is, how to obtain accurate and reliable analytical data in a time- and cost-efficient way. New sample preparation approaches, measurement techniques and data evaluation strategies are available to meet those requirements. The practical considerations of these methods are discussed in the present review article focusing on hot topics, such as reliable and efficient sequencing strategies, minimization of artefact formation during sample preparation, quantitative peptide mapping, the potential of multi-attribute methodology, the increasing role of mass spectrometry in higher-order structure characterization and the challenges of MS-based identification of host cell proteins. On the basis of the opportunities in new instrumental techniques, methodological advancements and software-driven data evaluation approaches, for the future one can envision an even wider application area for mass spectrometry in the biopharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Háda
- Analytical Department of Biotechnology, Gedeon Richter Plc, Hungary.
| | - Attila Bagdi
- Analytical Department of Biotechnology, Gedeon Richter Plc, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Bihari
- Analytical Department of Biotechnology, Gedeon Richter Plc, Hungary
| | | | - Ádám Fizil
- Analytical Department of Biotechnology, Gedeon Richter Plc, Hungary
| | - Csaba Szántay
- Spectroscopic Research Department, Gedeon Richter Plc, Hungary.
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