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Ayala-Cabrera JF, Montero L, Meckelmann SW, Uteschil F, Schmitz OJ. Review on atmospheric pressure ionization sources for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Part I: Current ion source developments and improvements in ionization strategies. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1238:340353. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ayala-Cabrera JF, Montero L, Meckelmann SW, Uteschil F, Schmitz OJ. Review on atmospheric pressure ionization sources for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Part II: Current applications. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1238:340379. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chen Y, Chen Q, Zhang Q, Zuo C, Shi H. An Overview of Chemical Additives on (Micro)Plastic Fibers: Occurrence, Release, and Health Risks. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 260:22. [PMCID: PMC9748405 DOI: 10.1007/s44169-022-00023-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Plastic fibers are ubiquitous in daily life with additives incorporated to improve their performance. Only a few restrictions exist for a paucity of common additives, while most of the additives used in textile industry have not been clearly regulated with threshold limits. The production of synthetic fibers, which can shed fibrous microplastics easily (< 5 mm) through mechanical abrasion and weathering, is increasing annually. These fibrous microplastics have become the main composition of microplastics in the environment. This review focuses on additives on synthetic fibers; we summarized the detection methods of additives, compared concentrations of different additive types (plasticizers, flame retardants, antioxidants, and surfactants) on (micro)plastic fibers, and analyzed their release and exposure pathways to environment and human beings. Our prediction shows that the amounts of predominant additives (phthalates, organophosphate esters, bisphenols, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, and nonylphenol ethoxylates) released from clothing microplastic fibers (MFs) are estimated to reach 35, 10, 553, 0.4, and 568 ton/year to water worldwide, respectively; and 119, 35, 1911, 1.4, and 1965 ton/year to air, respectively. Human exposure to MF additives via inhalation is estimated to be up to 4.5–6440 µg/person annually for the above five additives, and via ingestion 0.1–204 µg/person. Notably, the release of additives from face masks is nonnegligible that annual human exposure to phthalates, organophosphate esters, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances from masks via inhalation is approximately 491–1820 µg/person. This review helps understand the environmental fate and potential risks of released additives from (micro)plastic fibers, with a view to providing a basis for future research and policy designation of textile additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuye Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241 China
| | - Qiqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241 China
- Yangtze Delta Estuarine Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education & Shanghai Science and Technology Committee, Shanghai, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241 China
| | - Chencheng Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241 China
| | - Huahong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241 China
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Simonnet-Laprade C, Bayen S, Le Bizec B, Dervilly G. Data analysis strategies for the characterization of chemical contaminant mixtures. Fish as a case study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 155:106610. [PMID: 33965766 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Thousands of chemicals are potentially contaminating the environment and food resources, covering a wide spectrum of molecular structures, physico-chemical properties, sources, environmental behavior and toxic profiles. Beyond the description of the individual chemicals, characterizing contaminant mixtures in related matrices has become a major challenge in ecological and human health risk assessments. Continuous analytical developments, in the fields of targeted (TA) and non-targeted analysis (NTA), have resulted in ever larger sets of data on associated chemical profiles. More than ever, the implementation of advanced data analysis strategies is essential to elucidate profiles and extract new knowledge from these large data sets. Specifically focusing on the data analysis step, this review summarizes the recent progress in integrating data analysis tools into TA and NTA workflows to address the challenging characterization of chemical mixtures in environmental and food matrices. As fish matrices are relevant in both aquatic pollution and consumer exposure perspectives, fish was chosen as the main theme to illustrate this review, although the present document is equally relevant to other food and environmental matrices. The key features of TA and NTA data sets were reviewed to illustrate the challenges associated with their analysis. Advanced filtering strategies to mine NTA data sets are presented, with a particular focus on chemical filters and discriminant analysis. Further, the applications of supervised and unsupervised multivariate analysis methods to characterize exposure to chemical mixtures, and their associated challenges, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Simonnet-Laprade
- Laboratoire d'Étude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Oniris, INRAE, F-44307 Nantes, France.
| | - Stéphane Bayen
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Bruno Le Bizec
- Laboratoire d'Étude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Oniris, INRAE, F-44307 Nantes, France
| | - Gaud Dervilly
- Laboratoire d'Étude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Oniris, INRAE, F-44307 Nantes, France.
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Niu Y, Liu J, Yang R, Zhang J, Shao B. Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization source as an advantageous technique for gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Wang X, Zhu Q, Yan X, Wang Y, Liao C, Jiang G. A review of organophosphate flame retardants and plasticizers in the environment: Analysis, occurrence and risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 731:139071. [PMID: 32438088 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are used as additives in flame retardants and plasticizers. Due to phase out of several congeners of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), the application of organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) is continuously increasing over the years. As a consequence, large amounts of OPEs enter the environment. Sewage and solid waste (especially e-waste) treatment plants are the important sources of OPEs released to the environment. Other sources include emissions of OPE-containing materials and vehicle fuel into the atmosphere. OPEs are widely detected in air, dust, water, soil, sediment and sludge. To know the pollution situation of OPEs, a variety of methods on their pretreatment and determination have been developed. We discussed and compared the analytical methods of OPEs, including extraction, purification as well as GC- and LC-based determination techniques. Much attention has been paid to OPEs because some of them are recognized highly toxic to biota, and the toxicological investigations of the most concerned OPEs were summarized. Risk assessments showed that the aquatic and benthic environments in some regions are under considerable ecological risks of OPEs. Finally, we pointed out problems in the current studies on OPEs and provided some suggestions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xueting Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430056, China
| | - Chunyang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430056, China.
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430056, China
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Harata K, Kitagawa S, Iiguni Y, Ohtani H, Ezaki T. Characterizing chain-end structures formed during initiation reactions of radical polymerization for MMA-St-BA terpolymer using pyrolysis-gas chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34 Suppl 2:e8691. [PMID: 31816659 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Analyzing polymer end groups using pyrolysis (Py) gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in multi-component polymer samples is not an easy task because of the insufficient sensitivity, selectivity, and mass resolution of conventional Py-GC/MS systems. METHODS A new Py-GC/MS system using an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) source combined with high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) was used for end-group analysis of a methyl methacrylate (MMA)-styrene (St)-butyl acrylate (BA) terpolymer (P (MMA-St-BA)), which was radically polymerized using 2,2'-azobis(2-methylbutyronitrile) (AMBN) as an initiator. RESULTS Five possible pyrolyzates, comprising an AMBN fragment and a monomer unit, formed during the initiation reactions from one of the three types of end groups, were selectively detected and exclusively identified in their respective extracted ion chromatograms for molecule-related ions, such as M+ and [M + H]+ , with a narrow mass window of ±2 milli m/z units. CONCLUSIONS It was demonstrated that Py-APCI-TOFMS is a powerful technique to characterize in detail the complex end groups in multi-component polymer samples, because of the soft ionization nature of APCI and the high mass resolution of TOFMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Harata
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Shinya Kitagawa
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Iiguni
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Hajime Ohtani
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
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Lipok C, Uteschil F, Schmitz OJ. Development of an Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Interface for GC-MS. Molecules 2020; 25:E3253. [PMID: 32708799 PMCID: PMC7397239 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A closed atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) ion source as interface between a gas chromatograph (GC) and a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (QqQ-MS) was developed. The influence of different ion source conditions, such as humidity, make-up gas flow, and the position of the GC column, were investigated and determined as main factors to increase sensitivity and repeatability of the system. For a performance test under real conditions, the new APCI ion source was used for the determination of plant protection products in commercially available coffee beans from Vietnam. The ionization behavior was investigated and the majority of the analytes were detected as [MH]+, [M]+∙, or as characteristic fragment ions, which have been assigned to ion source fragmentation. The developed GC-MS methods are based on tandem MS (MS/MS) and revealed for the plant protection products limits of detection (LOD) between 1 and 250 pg on column and relative standard derivations for all compounds < 16%. The used ultrasonic solid-liquid extraction yielded recovery rates of approximately 60 to 100%. Residues of herbicide methyl esters, organophosphorus compounds, and organonitrogen compounds have been detected in the analyzed coffee beans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Oliver J. Schmitz
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Applied Analytical Chemistry, Universitaetsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany; (C.L.); (F.U.)
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Toward the characterisation of non-intentionally added substances migrating from polyester-polyurethane lacquers by comprehensive gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technologies. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1601:327-334. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Wang M, Su K, Cao J, She Y, Abd El-Aty AM, Hacımüftüoğlu A, Wang J, Yan M, Hong S, Lao S, Wang Y. "Off-On" non-enzymatic sensor for malathion detection based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer between β-cyclodextrin@Ag and fluorescent probe. Talanta 2018; 192:295-300. [PMID: 30348392 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Here, we developed a novel non-enzymatic rapid testing method for determination of organophosphate pesticide (malathion) in water. In principle, target molecule can block the Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between chemical fluorescent probe (energy donor) and β-cyclodextrin-coated silver nanoparticles (@AgNP) (receptor). The effects of malathion on the dynamics of fluorescent probe and β-cyclodextrin@AgNP were evaluated and their properties were further characterized. The current methodology showed a good sensitivity of 0.01 μg/mL represented as a limit of detection (LOD) and the calibration curve was linear over the concentration range of 0.1-25 μg/mL. Recovery rate from water samples spiked at 3 different concentration levels (0.3, 0.4, and 0.6 μg/mL) showed satisfactory range between 83% and 101%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Wang
- Institute of Quality Standardization & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193 Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Kun Su
- Institute of Quality Standardization & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193 Beijing, China; Baotou Medical College, 014040 Baotou, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Institute of Quality Standardization & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Yongxin She
- Institute of Quality Standardization & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193 Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, 100193 Beijing, China.
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211 Giza, Egypt; Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Hacımüftüoğlu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Quality Standardization & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193 Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, 100193 Beijing, China; Agro-products Quality Safety and Testing Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 53003 Nanning, China.
| | - Mengmeng Yan
- Institute of Quality Standardization & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193 Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Sihui Hong
- Institute of Quality Standardization & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193 Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Shuibing Lao
- Agro-products Quality Safety and Testing Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 53003 Nanning, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- Agro-products Quality Safety and Testing Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 53003 Nanning, China
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Hennig K, Antignac JP, Bichon E, Morvan ML, Miran I, Delaloge S, Feunteun J, Le Bizec B. Steroid hormone profiling in human breast adipose tissue using semi-automated purification and highly sensitive determination of estrogens by GC-APCI-MS/MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 410:259-275. [PMID: 29147745 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0717-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Body mass index is a known breast cancer risk factor due to, among other mechanisms, adipose-derived hormones. We developed a method for steroid hormone profiling in adipose tissue to evaluate healthy tissue around the tumor and define new biomarkers for cancer development. A semi-automated sample preparation method based on gel permeation chromatography and subsequent derivatization with trimethylsilyl (TMS) is presented. Progestagens and androgens were determined by GC-EI-MS/MS (LOQ 0.5 to 10 ng/g lipids). For estrogen measurement, a highly sensitive GC-APCI-MS/MS method was developed to reach the required lower limits of detection (0.05 to 0.1 ng/g lipids in matrix, 100-200 fg on column for pure standards). The combination of the two methods allows the screening of 27 androgens and progestagens and 4 estrogens from a single sample. Good accuracies and repeatabilities were achieved for each compound class at their respective limit of detection. The method was applied to determine steroid hormone profiles in adipose tissue of 51 patients, collected both at proximity and distant to the tumor. Out of the 31 tested steroid hormones, 14 compounds were detected in human samples. Pregnenolone, 17-hydroxypregnenolone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and androstendione accounted together for 80% of the observed steroid hormone profiles, whereas the estrogens accounted for only 1%. These profiles did not differ based on sampling location, except for ß-estradiol; steroid hormone conversions from androgens to estrogens that potentially take place in adipose or tumoral tissue might not be detectable due a factor 100 difference in concentration of for example DHEA and ß-estradiol. Graphical Abstract Schematic overview of the determination of steroid hormones and metabolites in adipose tissue in proximity and distal to the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Hennig
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), ONIRIS, LUNAM Université, 44307, Nantes, France
| | - Jean Philippe Antignac
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), ONIRIS, LUNAM Université, 44307, Nantes, France.
| | - Emmanuelle Bichon
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), ONIRIS, LUNAM Université, 44307, Nantes, France
| | - Marie-Line Morvan
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), ONIRIS, LUNAM Université, 44307, Nantes, France
| | - Isabelle Miran
- UMR981 INSERM, Gustave Roussy, Paris-Saclay University, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Suzette Delaloge
- Breast Cancer Group, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Jean Feunteun
- UMR8200 CNRS, Gustave Roussy, Paris-Saclay University, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Bruno Le Bizec
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), ONIRIS, LUNAM Université, 44307, Nantes, France
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