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Cito G, Coccia ME, Picone R, Fucci R, Micelli E, Cocci A, Di Mauro M, Rizzello F, Giachini C, Minervini A, Carini M, Natali A. Can cytomegalovirus infection affect male reproductive function? Results of a retrospective single-centre analysis. Andrologia 2020; 52:e13699. [PMID: 32510732 DOI: 10.1111/and.13699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Our objective was to investigate whether the chronic cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection can affect semen parameters in men with couple infertility and to assess the impact of male CMV infection on the reproductive outcomes of CMV-seronegative women suffering from tubal factor. Group 1 included CMV IgG-seropositive men, Group 2 CMV IgG-seronegative patients. Seminal parameters, two-pronuclear (2PN) fertilization rate (FR), 1-2-3PN FR, cleavage rate (CR), miscarriage rate (MR), pregnancy rate (PR) and live birth rate (LBR) were collected. Two hundred and twenty-two men were included: 115 (51.8%) in Group 1 and 107 (48.2%) in Group 2. There was reported a low trend towards higher sperm concentration/ml, total sperm count and viability in CMV IgG-seronegative males, compared to CMV IgG-seropositive (p > .05). Semen volume, pH, motility and normal sperm morphology were similar among groups. Considering the subgroup of men, partners of CMV IgG-seronegative females, 65 couples (29.2%) were selected. Median 2PN FR was 67%, total FR 83%, CR 100%, PR/cycle 26.2%, MR 10.8%, LBR/cycle 15.4%. No significant differences were found regarding the reproductive outcomes between CMV IgG-seropositive men and those seronegative. CMV did not seem to play a key role in male reproductive function, as well as in influencing sperm fertility potential in the assisted reproductive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianmartin Cito
- Department of Urology, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Elisabetta Coccia
- Assisted Reproductive Technology Centre, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Rita Picone
- Assisted Reproductive Technology Centre, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Rossella Fucci
- Assisted Reproductive Technology Centre, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Micelli
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, St. Claire Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Cocci
- Department of Urology, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marina Di Mauro
- Department of Urology, Vittorio Emanuele Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesca Rizzello
- Assisted Reproductive Technology Centre, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudia Giachini
- Assisted Reproductive Technology Centre, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Minervini
- Department of Urology, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Carini
- Department of Urology, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Natali
- Department of Urology, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Amin MM, Bialek SR, Dollard SC, Wang C. Urinary Cytomegalovirus Shedding in the United States: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 1999-2004. Clin Infect Dis 2019; 67:587-592. [PMID: 29471326 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are no data on the prevalence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) shedding from a representative sample of the US population. This information is critical for understanding and preventing CMV. Methods We tested urine specimens from CMV immunoglobulin (Ig) G-positive participants aged 6-49 years in 3 racial/ethnic groups from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 1999-2004 for the presence of CMV DNA using real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. We examined the association of sociodemographic characteristics with shedding prevalence and viral loads. Results Among 6828 CMV IgG-positive participants tested, 537 had CMV DNA detected in urine-a shedding prevalence of 9.70%. Among persons aged 6-49 years, shedding prevalence was 3.83%. The prevalence of urinary shedding was inversely associated with increasing age (26.60%, 6.50%, and 3.45% in CMV IgG-positive participants aged 6-11, 12-19, and 20-49 years, respectively; P < .001 for trend test and pairwise comparisons). Urinary viral load also decreased significantly with age (mean, 2.97, 2.69, and 2.43 log10 copies/mL in those age groups, respectively; P < .001 for trend test and pairwise comparisons). Conclusions Urinary CMV shedding and viral loads decreased dramatically with age, likely reflecting higher rates of primary CMV infection and longer duration of shedding in younger individuals. The findings demonstrate that children aged 6-11 years continue to shed CMV at higher rates and viral loads than adolescents and adults and thus may still be an important source for CMV transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minal M Amin
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Stephanie R Bialek
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sheila C Dollard
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Chengbin Wang
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Soares LB, Buccheri R, Palhares RB, Duarte-Neto AN. Fatal disseminated cytomegalovirus infection with necrotizing oophoritis in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AUTOPSY AND CASE REPORTS 2018; 8:e2018029. [PMID: 30101134 PMCID: PMC6066265 DOI: 10.4322/acr.2018.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Disseminated human cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease occurs mainly as a congenital infection and among immunocompromised hosts. Patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are at increased risk for CMV infection, and the most prevalent clinical manifestation is retinitis, followed by colitis, esophagitis, pneumonitis, and encephalitis. CMV oophoritis is poorly described in the literature with some cases reported in patients with hematological or solid malignancies, bone marrow or solid organ transplantation, immunosuppressive therapy, and advanced AIDS cases. We report the case of a 61-year-old woman with a recent diagnosis of AIDS, which was associated with a wasting syndrome. The patient presented with abdominal pain, headache, cutaneous vesicular lesions on the abdomen, anemia, lymphopenia, and hyponatremia; she died suddenly on the fourth day of hospitalization. The autopsy was performed and demonstrated disseminated CMV infection with hemorrhagic encephalitis as the immediate cause of death. Additionally, pneumonitis, extensive adrenalitis, ulcerated enteritis, focal hepatitis, and necrotizing oophoritis were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Braga Soares
- Emilio Ribas Institute of Infectious Diseases. São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata Buccheri
- Emilio Ribas Institute of Infectious Diseases. São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Amaro Nunes Duarte-Neto
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomic Pathology, Emergency Department and LIM06. São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Lantos PM, Permar SR, Hoffman K, Swamy GK. The Excess Burden of Cytomegalovirus in African American Communities: A Geospatial Analysis. Open Forum Infect Dis 2015; 2:ofv180. [PMID: 26716106 PMCID: PMC4691661 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofv180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CMV seroprevalence is much higher in African-Americans than Caucasians. CMV seropositivity is geographically clustered, largely due to racial segregation. African-American communities may suffer a disproportionate public health burden due to CMV Background. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common cause of birth defects and hearing loss in infants and opportunistic infections in the immunocompromised. Previous studies have found higher CMV seroprevalence rates among minorities and among persons with lower socioeconomic status. No studies have investigated the geographic distribution of CMV and its relationship to age, race, and poverty in the community. Methods. We identified patients from 6 North Carolina counties who were tested in the Duke University Health System for CMV immunoglobulin G. We performed spatial statistical analyses to analyze the distributions of seropositive and seronegative individuals. Results. Of 1884 subjects, 90% were either white or African American. Cytomegalovirus seropositivity was significantly more common among African Americans (73% vs 42%; odds ratio, 3.31; 95% confidence interval, 2.7–4.1), and this disparity persisted across the life span. We identified clusters of high and low CMV odds, both of which were largely explained by race. Clusters of high CMV odds were found in communities with high proportions of African Americans. Conclusions. Cytomegalovirus seropositivity is geographically clustered, and its distribution is strongly determined by a community's racial composition. African American communities have high prevalence rates of CMV infection, and there may be a disparate burden of CMV-associated morbidity in these communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Lantos
- Divisions of Pediatric Infectious Diseases ; General Internal Medicine
| | | | - Kate Hoffman
- Nicholas School of the Environment , Duke University , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Geeta K Swamy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Duke University School of Medicine
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Abou M, Dällenbach P. Acute cervicitis and vulvovaginitis may be associated with Cytomegalovirus. BMJ Case Rep 2013; 2013:bcr-2013-008884. [PMID: 23606387 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2013-008884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in immunocompetent hosts is generally asymptomatic or may present as a mononucleosic syndrome. Its association with acute cervicitis and vulvovaginitis has rarely been reported. A 24-year-old woman presented with pelvic pain, vulvodynia, abnormal vaginal discharge, burning with urination, fatigue, fever, vomiting and diarrhoea. The vulva and cervix were red with vesicular lesions on the cervix. Genital herpes simplex infection (HSV) was suspected and valacyclovir was given orally. However, serial viral cultures performed 7 weeks apart did not isolate HSV as suspected, but CMV was confirmed by immunofluorescence and early antigen research. Blood tests confirmed an acute CMV infection. Typical inclusions were found at histology. Symptoms resolved slowly with persistence of cervical lesions at 7 weeks from diagnosis. The frequency of CMV genital infection is probably underestimated. The infection is not always asymptomatic and might be confused with genital HSV infection. The clinical course is longer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Abou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Gynecology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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Shedding of Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus from the genital tract of women in a periurban community in Andhra Pradesh, India. J Clin Microbiol 2011; 49:2435-9. [PMID: 21525227 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02206-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We found a large number of false-positive readings by visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) in a study of cervical cancer screening strategies (VIA, human papillomavirus HPV DNA testing, and Pap cytology) in a periurban community in Andhra Pradesh, India. We evaluated whether these false-positive readings might be occurring as a result of infections with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) or cytomegalovirus (CMV), prevalent latent herpesviruses known to be shed from the female genital tract. While we found that there was no association between VIA results and the presence of EBV or CMV in the cervix, we did find a high prevalence of both viruses: 20% for EBV and 26% for CMV. In multivariate analyses, CMV prevalence was associated with younger age, lack of running water in the home, and visually apparent cervical inflammation. EBV prevalence was associated with older age and a diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 or greater. The biological and clinical implications of these viruses at the cervix remain to be determined. The strong association between the presence of EBV and cervical disease warrants future exploration to determine whether EBV plays a causal role in disease development or if it is merely a bystander in the process.
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Schoenfisch AL, Dollard SC, Amin M, Gardner LI, Klein RS, Mayer K, Rompalo A, Sobel JD, Cannon MJ. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) shedding is highly correlated with markers of immunosuppression in CMV-seropositive women. J Med Microbiol 2011; 60:768-774. [PMID: 21393456 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.027771-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) enters latency following primary infection and can subsequently reactivate. Reinfection with a different viral strain can also occur. During these events, CMV is shed in bodily fluids. This study examined correlates of CMV shedding in specimens obtained from the HIV Epidemiology Research Study, a multicenter cohort study of US women with or at high risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Among the women studied, 91.4 % (911/997) were CMV IgG seropositive. Of these women, 2.7 % (25/911) were CMV IgM seropositive. CMV DNA was detected via real-time PCR more frequently in cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) specimens (55/764, 7.2 %) than in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) (26/897, 2.9 %). CMV viral loads in 1 ml CVL (median 534; mean 2598; range = 40-74, 844) were higher than in 10⁶ PBMCs (median 264; mean 1287; range = 35-13 ,250). CMV DNA in PBMCs was associated with HIV seropositivity [odds ratio (OR) 13.5; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.8-100], increasing HIV viral load (P<0.001 for trend), decreasing CD4 cell counts (P<0.001 for trend) and CMV DNA in CVL (OR 26; 95 % CI 10.7-64). CMV DNA in CVL specimens was associated with CMV IgM seropositivity (OR 4.3; 95 % CI 1.5-12.3), HIV seropositivity (OR 7.3; 95 % CI 2.6-20), increasing HIV viral load (P<0.001 for trend) and decreasing CD4 cell counts (P<0.001 for trend). The positive predictive value of CMV IgM seropositivity for CMV DNA shedding in either PBMCs or CVL was 20 %. In summary, CMV shedding in CVL and PBMCs was highly correlated with each other and with markers of immune suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L Schoenfisch
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sheila C Dollard
- National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Minal Amin
- National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lytt I Gardner
- National Center for HIV, STD and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Robert S Klein
- Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Kenneth Mayer
- Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Jack D Sobel
- Wayne State School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Michael J Cannon
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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8
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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection—related to male and/or female infertility factors? Fertil Steril 2009; 91:67-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2007] [Revised: 11/11/2007] [Accepted: 11/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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9
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Britt W. Manifestations of human cytomegalovirus infection: proposed mechanisms of acute and chronic disease. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2008; 325:417-70. [PMID: 18637519 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-77349-8_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Infections with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in humans with acquired or developmental deficits in innate and adaptive immunity. In the normal immunocompetent host, symptoms rarely accompany acute infections, although prolonged virus shedding is frequent. Virus persistence is established in all infected individuals and appears to be maintained by both a chronic productive infections as well as latency with restricted viral gene expression. The contributions of the each of these mechanisms to the persistence of this virus in the individual is unknown but frequent virus shedding into the saliva and genitourinary tract likely accounts for the near universal incidence of infection in most populations in the world. The pathogenesis of disease associated with acute HCMV infection is most readily attributable to lytic virus replication and end organ damage either secondary to virus replication and cell death or from host immunological responses that target virus-infected cells. Antiviral agents limit the severity of disease associated with acute HCMV infections, suggesting a requirement for virus replication in clinical syndromes associated with acute infection. End organ disease secondary to unchecked virus replication can be observed in infants infected in utero, allograft recipients receiving potent immunosuppressive agents, and patients with HIV infections that exhibit a loss of adaptive immune function. In contrast, diseases associated with chronic or persistent infections appear in normal individuals and in the allografts of the transplant recipient. The manifestations of these infections appear related to chronic inflammation, but it is unclear if poorly controlled virus replication is necessary for the different phenotypic expressions of disease that are reported in these patients. Although the relationship between HCMV infection and chronic allograft rejection is well known, the mechanisms that account for the role of this virus in graft loss are not well understood. However, the capacity of this virus to persist in the midst of intense inflammation suggests that its persistence could serve as a trigger for the induction of host-vs-graft responses or alternatively host responses to HCMV could contribute to the inflammatory milieu characteristic of chronic allograft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Britt
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Childrens Hospital, Harbor Bldg. 104, 1600 7th Ave. South Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
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Tanaka K, Yamada H, Minami M, Kataoka S, Numazaki K, Minakami H, Tsutsumi H. Screening for vaginal shedding of cytomegalovirus in healthy pregnant women using real-time PCR: Correlation of CMV in the vagina and adverse outcome of pregnancy. J Med Virol 2006; 78:757-9. [PMID: 16628580 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.20619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The impact of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection of the genital tract during pregnancy on adverse pregnancy outcomes is not understood fully. A real-time PCR assay was used to determine vaginal shedding of CMV in 993 healthy pregnant Japanese women and the results were compared with the outcome of pregnancy. CMV DNA was detected in 76 (7.7%) of the women. The outcome of pregnancy could be determined finally in 848 women, of whom 60 (7.1%) were CMV positive. The carriers of CMV had an increased miscarriage rate (RR 6.96, 95% CI 2.04-23.84, P < 0.01). These findings suggest that latent genital tract CMV infection predisposes to adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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McGalie CE, McBride HA, McCluggage WG. Cytomegalovirus infection of the cervix: morphological observations in five cases of a possibly under-recognised condition. J Clin Pathol 2004; 57:691-4. [PMID: 15220359 PMCID: PMC1770347 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2004.016162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Histologically diagnosed cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection of the cervix is rare and the associated morphological features are not well described. This study describes histopathological findings in five biopsies from four patients with CMV cervicitis. METHODS CMV inclusions were identified in five cervical biopsies from four patients in a single institution over eight months. The clinical notes were reviewed, the morphological features documented, and immunohistochemical staining for CMV performed. CMV immunohistochemical staining was also performed on 30 consecutive cervical biopsies in which inclusions were not seen histologically. RESULTS None of the patients was immunocompromised but one was postnatal. Numbers of CMV inclusions ranged from occasional to abundant and they were located mainly in endocervical glandular epithelial cells but also in endothelial and mesenchymal cells. Inclusions were not seen in squamous cells. Inclusions were eosinophilic and were intracytoplasmic rather than intranuclear. They were positive immunohistochemically for CMV. Associated morphological features included fibrin thrombi within small blood vessels (three cases), dense active inflammatory infiltrates (five cases), lymphoid follicles (two cases), vacuolation of glandular epithelial cells (two cases), and reactive changes in glandular epithelial cells (two cases). CMV inclusions were not identified in the 30 additional cases that underwent immunohistochemical staining. CONCLUSIONS CMV infection of the cervix may be more common than is thought. Patients are usually immunocompetent and require no treatment. Morphological features such as a dense inflammatory cell infiltrate with lymphoid follicles, and especially fibrin thrombi within small vessels, should alert the pathologist to look closely for the pathognomonic CMV inclusion bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E McGalie
- Department of Pathology, Royal Group of Hospitals Trust, Belfast BT12 6BL, Northern Ireland, UK
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12
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GLOBAL EPIDEMIOLOGY OF SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES. Sex Transm Dis 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-012663330-6/50002-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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13
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Mostad SB, Kreiss JK, Ryncarz AJ, Overbaugh J, Mandaliya K, Chohan B, Ndinya-Achola J, Bwayo JJ, Corey L. Cervical shedding of cytomegalovirus in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected women. J Med Virol 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9071(199912)59:4<469::aid-jmv8>3.0.co;2-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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14
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Robain M, Carré N, Dussaix E, Salmon-Ceron D, Meyer L. Incidence and sexual risk factors of cytomegalovirus seroconversion in HIV-infected subjects. The SEROCO Study Group. Sex Transm Dis 1998; 25:476-80. [PMID: 9800259 DOI: 10.1097/00007435-199810000-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data on incidence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) seroconversion in HIV-infected (HIV(+)) subjects was sparse. GOAL To determine the incidence of CMV seroconversion in sexually active HIV(+) subjects and sexual factors associated with CMV seroconversion. STUDY DESIGN One hundred eighty four persons not infected by CMV at enrollment in a cohort of HIV(+) persons were studied. A case-control study within the cohort was conducted to determine the effect of sexual behavior in the 6 months prior to CMV seroconversion. Thirty seven cases of CMV seroconversion were compared with 136 controls. RESULTS The overall incidence of CMV seroconversion was 9.18 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval (CI), 6.67-12.28) and was particularly high among homosexual men. After adjustment for age, socio-professional category, sexual orientation, and casual sex, the risk of CMV seroconversion was higher in subjects who never used condoms than in those who used them systematically (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 3.37;95% CI, 1.05-11.00). CONCLUSIONS In addition to the need to protect their sexual partners from HIV infection, HIV(+) subjects free of CMV infection should use condoms to avoid CMV infection and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Robain
- Department of Public Health/Epidemiology/Human Reproduction, INSERM 292, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Hôpitaldu Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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15
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Gazzaniga P, Vercillo R, Gradilone A, Silvestri I, Gandini O, Napolitano M, Giuliani L, Fioravanti A, Gallucci M, Aglianò AM. Prevalence of papillomavirus, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex virus type 2 in urinary bladder cancer. J Med Virol 1998; 55:262-7. [PMID: 9661833 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9071(199808)55:4<262::aid-jmv2>3.0.co;2-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Recent epidemiological studies suggest that the risk for urological malignancies may be related to the exposure to infectious agents. Human Papillomaviruses type 16 and 18 (HPV 16, HPV 18), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) have been suggested previously as cofactors in the pathogenesis of some malignancies in humans. The present paper, the presence of HPV 16, HPV 18, EBV, CMV and HSV-2 genomes was investigated in a panel of 35 biopsies from urinary bladder carcinomas using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Sequences of EBV, HPV, CMV and HSV-2 genomes were detected in 34%, 31%, 11% and 9% of tissue samples respectively, while in 20% of patients we found more than one viral infection. Absence of viral genomes was found in normal bladder. To our knowledge, this is the first report concerning the association of EBV, CMV and HSV-2 with bladder cancer. This finding may raise the question whether such viral infection may contribute to development and progression of some types of urological malignancies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gazzaniga
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Pathology, University of Rome La Sapienza, Italy
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16
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Han CP, Tsao YP, Sun CA, Ng HT, Chen SL. Human papillomavirus, cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus infections for cervical cancer in Taiwan. Cancer Lett 1997; 120:217-21. [PMID: 9461040 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(97)00312-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we had reviewed 43 cases of invasive cancers, adenosquamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma for HPV type infections. With the same cases we extended the investigation to cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections. Results show that the prevalence of CMV and HSV infections from these cases of cervical carcinoma was 67 and 76%, respectively, by polymerase chain reaction. The results of the analysis of the association of HPV, CMV and HSV with various clinical characteristics of cervical cancer patients indicated that the correlation between HSV infections and clinical stages of squamous carcinoma was marginally significant (P = 0.068). HSV infections seemed to have a higher association with cell keratinization pattern as compared with the other two viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Han
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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17
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Gradilone A, Vercillo R, Napolitano M, Cardinali G, Gazzaniga P, Silvestri I, Gandini O, Tomao S, Aglianò AM. Prevalence of human papillomavirus, cytomegalovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus in the cervix of healthy women. J Med Virol 1996; 50:1-4. [PMID: 8890032 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9071(199609)50:1<1::aid-jmv1>3.0.co;2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of some sexually transmitted viruses, possibly involved in cervical carcinogenesis, was studied in the cervix of women with normal cytology. The presence of human papillomaviruses (HPV) type 16 and 18, cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genomes in cervical cells taken from 143 healthy Italian women was investigated using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The study population was divided into four groups with respect to age as follows: group I, 17 to 25 years, n = 48 women; group II, 26 to 35 years, n = 30; group III, 36 to 50 years, n = 32; and group IV, 51 to 70 years, n = 33. In the first age group prevalence rates of HPV 16, CMV and EBV infection of 23%, 21% and 19% were found respectively. The infection rates of HPV 16 and CMV were shown to decrease with age, with prevalences of HPV 16 at 10% in the second group, 6% in the third and 3% in the fourth and of CMV at 13% in the second and third and 6% in the fourth groups. The prevalence of EBV infection did not decrease with increasing age (19% in the first and third groups, 20% in the second and 18% in the fourth). The occurrence of HPV 18 genome was very low (0-3%) and independent of age. In the first age group a higher percentage of double infections (16.6%) was found than in the three other age groups (6% in the second and third and 3% in the fourth). The finding of multiple infections in younger women requires further study in order to clarify the implications of such viral infections in healthy women and their contribution to the development of genital tract malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gradilone
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Pathology, University of Rome La Sapienza, Italy
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Shen CY, Chang BL, Chang SF, Yang SL, Tseng SL, Chen CY, Wu CW. Molecular epidemiology of cytomegalovirus infection in kindergarten children. J Med Virol 1996; 48:33-7. [PMID: 8825707 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9071(199601)48:1<33::aid-jmv5>3.0.co;2-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the source of cytomegalovirus (CMV) excretion in children who had persistent viruria. A total of 287 children, ages 3-5 years, enrolled in two kindergartens were followed for 9 months, and 28.8% of 139 CMV-infected children were found to have shed virus persistently in urine for > or = 3 months. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method provided direct evidence to demonstrate differences in CMV strains shed by 32 persistent shedders selected at random. The glycoprotein B (gB) nucleotide regions of CMV were amplified and analyzed by restriction enzyme digestion. The CMV strains shed by most of these children showed different restriction profiles compared with strains from their playmates. It is considered that persistent reactivation of endogenous CMV is the most plausible explanation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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