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Aguilar MS, Cosson C, Loureiro CL, Devesa M, Martínez J, Villegas L, Flores J, Ludert JE, Noyau BAD, Noya O, Liprandi F, Pujol FH. Prevalence of infection with hepatitis C virus in Venezuela, as assessed with an immuno-assay based on synthetic peptides. ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00034983.2001.11813628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Checa Cabot CA, Stoszek SK, Quarleri J, Losso MH, Ivalo S, Peixoto MF, Pilotto JH, Salomon H, Sidi LC, Read JS. Mother-to-Child Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Among HIV/HCV-Coinfected Women. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2013; 2. [PMID: 26199724 PMCID: PMC4502757 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/pis091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection has been associated with increased hepatitis C virus (HCV) mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). We hypothesized that HCV/HIV-coinfected women with well-controlled HIV disease would not have increased HCV MTCT. METHODS The NISDI Perinatal and LILAC cohorts enrolled HIV-infected pregnant women and their infants in Latin America and the Caribbean. This substudy evaluated the HCV infection status of mothers at participating sites and their live born, singleton infants who had a 6-month postnatal visit by December 31, 2008. Mothers who were anti-HCV-positive, or who had CD4 counts (cells/mm(3)) <200 with detectable HCV RNA, were considered HCV-infected. All HCV-infected women were tested for HCV RNA. Infants with HCV RNA were considered HCV-infected. RESULTS Of 1042 enrolled women, 739 (71%) mother-infant pairs met the inclusion criteria. Of the 739 women, 67 (9%) were anti-HCV-positive and 672 anti-HCV-negative [68 (10%) with CD4 counts <200; of these, 3 (4.4%) were HCV RNA-positive]. Therefore, our study population comprised 70 HCV-infected (47 with HCV RNA) and 669 HCV-uninfected women (and their infants). Factors associated with maternal HCV infection included unemployment (odds ratio [OR] = 2.58); tobacco (OR = 1.73) or marijuana (OR = 3.88) use during pregnancy; enrollment HIV viral load ([VL] copies/mL) ≥10 000 (OR = 2.27); HIV clinical disease stage C (OR = 2.12); and abnormal alanine aminotransferase (OR = 4.24) or aspartate aminotransferase (OR = 11.98). Four of 47 infants (8.5%) born to HCV-viremic women were HCV-infected, and all 4 mothers had HIV VL <1000 at hospital discharge after delivery. CONCLUSIONS HCV MTCT among HIV/HCV-coinfected women with well-controlled HIV disease may be lower than reported in other coinfected populations. Studies with longer infant follow-up are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia A. Checa Cabot
- HIV Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital General de Agudos Jose Maria Ramos Mejia, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Jorge Quarleri
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas en Retrovirus y SIDA, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo H. Losso
- HIV Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital General de Agudos Jose Maria Ramos Mejia, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvina Ivalo
- HIV Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital General de Agudos Jose Maria Ramos Mejia, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mario F. Peixoto
- Vertical Transmission Prevention Unit, Hospital Femina, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul
| | - José H. Pilotto
- Hospital Geral de Nova Iguaçu and Laboratorio de AIDS e Imunologia Molecular/IOC, Rio de Janeiro
| | - Horacio Salomon
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas en Retrovirus y SIDA, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leon C. Sidi
- Hospital Federal dos Servidores do Estado, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jennifer S. Read
- Pediatric, Adolescent, and Maternal AIDS Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Kershenobich D, Razavi HA, Sánchez-Avila JF, Bessone F, Coelho HS, Dagher L, Gonçales FL, Quiroz JF, Rodriguez-Perez F, Rosado B, Wallace C, Negro F, Silva M. Trends and projections of hepatitis C virus epidemiology in Latin America. Liver Int 2011; 31 Suppl 2:18-29. [PMID: 21651701 DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2011.02538.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The purpose of the present investigation is to provide an analysis of previous works on the epidemiology of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection from six countries throughout Latin America, to forecast the future HCV prevalence trends in Argentina, Brazil, Mexico and Puerto Rico, and to outline deficiencies in available data, highlighting the need for further research. METHODS Data references were identified through indexed journals and non-indexed sources. Overall, 1080 articles were reviewed and 150 were selected based on their relevance to this work. When multiple data sources were available for a key assumption, a systematic process using multi-objective decision analysis (MODA) was used to select the most appropriate sources. When data were missing, analogues were used. Data from other countries with similar risk factors and/or population compositions were used as a proxy to help predict the future trends in prevalence. RESULTS The review indicates that the dominant genotype is type 1. HCV prevalence in the analysed countries ranges from 1 to 2.3%. The Latin American countries have been very proactive in screening their blood supplies, thus minimizing the risk of transmission through transfusion. This suggests that other risk factors are set to play a major role in continued new infections. The number of diagnosed and treated patients is low, thereby increasing the burden of complications such as liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. The HCV prevalence, according to our modelling is steady or increasing and the number of infected individuals will increase. CONCLUSIONS The results herein reported should provide a foundation for informed planning efforts to tackle hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kershenobich
- Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Hospital General de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
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Di Lello F, Garcia G, Kott V, Sookoian S, Campos R. Diversity of hepatitis C virus genotype 1b in Buenos Aires, Argentina: description of a new cluster associated with response to treatment. J Med Virol 2008; 80:619-27. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Ré V, Contigiani M, Yoshida CFT, Lampe E. Identification of hepatitis C virus subtype 2c by sequencing analysis in patients from Córdoba, Argentina. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2007; 102:995-8. [DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762007000800016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2007] [Accepted: 11/29/2007] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Ré
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
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Ruiz V, Espínola L, Mathet VL, Perandones CE, Oubiña JR. Design, development and evaluation of a competitive RT-PCR for quantitation of GBV-C RNA. J Virol Methods 2006; 136:58-64. [PMID: 16716411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2006.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2005] [Revised: 03/28/2006] [Accepted: 03/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although GB virus C (GBV-C) hepatocyte pathogenicity is still controversial, it appears that at least some strains of this virus are lymphotropic. During the past few years, several reports have documented an apparently beneficial role played by GBV-C in the course of HIV-1 infection. At present, a commercial kit for GBV-C RNA quantitation is not available. In this study, a competitive RT-PCR method for GBV-C in serum samples is described. The sensitivity of the assay proved to be 10(4) and 10(3) genomic equivalents for positive and negative sense RNAs, respectively. This method will discriminate specifically between positive and negative strand RNAs with a discrimination index of at least five log10. Out of 60 samples from different hematological disorders (n = 49), HIV-1 positive patients (n = 7), and blood donors (n = 4), 10 proved to be GBV-C RNA positive. Viral load ranged from 1.1 x 10(7) to 2.34 x 10(8) genomic equivalents/ml. Such values correlated linearly (r = 0.986) with those obtained by a 10-fold serial dilution method. In studies exploring the GBV-C pathogenicity, the measurement of viral load may contribute to understand the possible mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Hepatitis Virales, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, Piso 11, 1121, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Méndez M, Rossetti MV, Del C Batlle AM, Parera VE. The role of inherited and acquired factors in the development of porphyria cutanea tarda in the Argentinean population. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005; 52:417-24. [PMID: 15761419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2004.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inherited and environmental factors are implicated in the expression of porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT); the contribution of each factor depends on the population. OBJECTIVE To provide a review of PCT cases diagnosed in Argentina over 24 years and evaluate the role of different precipitating factors in its pathogenesis. Methods Plasma and urinary porphyrin levels and erythrocyte uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (URO-D) activity were determined. Potential precipitating factors were identified in each patient. Additional tests for hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hemochromatosis gene mutations were carried out. RESULTS Several factors (mainly alcohol abuse in men and estrogen ingestion in women), alone or combined were identified in our patients. Prevalence of HCV infection was 35.2%. Inherited URO-D deficiency occurs in 25.0% of cases. H63D was the most common hemochromatosis gene mutation. High incidence of PCT associated with HIV infection was found. CONCLUSIONS PCT is multifactorial. Therefore, knowledge of all risk factors in each patient is important for the management of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Méndez
- National Research Institute on Porphyrins and Porphyrias (CIPYP), School of Sciences (FCEyN), University of Buenos Aires (UBA), and the Argentine National Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Gismondi MI, Turazza EI, Grinstein S, Galoppo MC, Preciado MV. Hepatitis C virus infection in infants and children from Argentina. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 42:1199-202. [PMID: 15004075 PMCID: PMC356814 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.42.3.1199-1202.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is uncommon in children, and its natural history is still unknown. Our aim was to analyze exposure to HCV in 48 infants and children in Argentina and to evaluate consecutive samples in 26 of them to study the outcome of HCV infection in early stages. HCV viremia, as determined by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) from the 5' untranslated region, showed continuously positive, occasionally positive, and negative patterns during follow-up. Restriction fragment length polymorphism was performed on RT-PCR-positive samples to evaluate HCV genotype. Genotype 1 turned out to be predominant, and no patient displayed a genotype shift during the observation period. Perinatal HCV infection was predominantly observed in patients born to mothers coinfected with HCV and human immunodeficiency virus. HCV viral load was detected by means of the AMPLICOR MONITOR, version 2.0, kit. No correlation was observed between HCV viral load and alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, although we detected a trend towards higher levels among patients displaying consecutive positive HCV RT-PCR results. Our results demonstrate that pediatric HCV infection is characterized by high viral loads and diverse HCV viremia patterns, independent of both age and route of transmission in the population under study. Further research is necessary to determine whether the high rate of HCV replication is related to virus variability or to host immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Inés Gismondi
- Laboratorio de Virología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, C1425EFD Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Quarleri JF, Bussy MV, Mathet VL, Ruiz V, Iácono R, Lu L, Robertson BH, Oubiña JR. In vitro detection of dissimilar amounts of hepatitis C virus (HCV) subtype-specific RNA genomes in mixes prepared from sera of persons infected with a single HCV genotype. J Clin Microbiol 2003; 41:2727-33. [PMID: 12791916 PMCID: PMC156549 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.41.6.2727-2733.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The level of in vitro detection of viral genomes in mixes with two different hepatitis C virus (HCV) subtypes was investigated by artificially mixing previously measured subtype-specific HCV RNA genomes. The RNAs in these mixtures were reverse transcribed and then PCR amplified by using two sets of primers corresponding to the 5' untranslated region and digested with endonucleases to analyze the restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns. This approach facilitated detection of a wider range of type-specific HCV genomes than originally described, beyond equimolar concentrations of contributing HCV subtypes. Moreover, by using computerized image analysis, this study also demonstrated that the true contribution of each virus type-and consequently of mixed infections-may be underestimated when only visual observation is carried out. These results may be useful for comparing data obtained from this and other currently used methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge F Quarleri
- Laboratorio de Hepatitis Virales, Departamento Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Alfonso V, Flichman D, Sookoian S, Mbayed VA, Campos RH. Phylogenetic characterization of genotype 4 hepatitis C virus isolates from Argentina. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39:1989-92. [PMID: 11326031 PMCID: PMC88066 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.39.5.1989-1992.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Among 114 patients infected with hepatitis C virus, three genotype 4 isolates, unusual in Argentina, were detected by phylogenetic analysis over different genomic regions. The patients were not related. One sample was associated with Egyptian sequences, and the others were associated with a Zairean isolate, a fact which reinforces the idea that they are from independent sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Alfonso
- Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Quarleri JF, Robertson BH, Mathet VL, Feld M, Espínola L, Requeijo MP, Mandó O, Carballal G, Oubiña JR. Genomic and phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis C virus isolates from argentine patients: a six-year retrospective study. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38:4560-8. [PMID: 11101596 PMCID: PMC87637 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.38.12.4560-4568.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/1999] [Accepted: 09/07/2000] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Typing of hepatitis C virus (HCV) isolates from Argentine patients was performed by using different methodologies in a population of 243 patients. HCV subtype was assigned based upon restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). HCV RNA genomes obtained from serum samples were classified as belonging to clade 1 (53.5%), 2 (23. 0%), or 3 (8.6%); 14.8% of samples showed HCV mixed infections, more frequently implying different subtypes within the same clade. In addition to RFLP typing, phylogenetic relatedness among sequences from both 5' untranslated region (n = 50) and nonstructural 5B coding region (n = 15) was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Quarleri
- Laboratorio de Hepatitis Virales, Departamento Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Oubiña JR, Mathet V, Feld M, Della Latta MP, Ferrario D, Verdun R, Libonatti O, Fernández J, Carballal G, Sánchez DO, Quarleri JF. Genetic diversity of GBV-C/HGV strains among HIV infected-IVDU and blood donors from Buenos Aires, Argentina. Virus Res 1999; 65:121-9. [PMID: 10581385 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1702(99)00109-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
GBV-C/HGV RNA was investigated in serum samples from 70 HIV(+) intravenous drug users (IVDU), as well as from 200 blood donors from Buenos Aires, Argentina. Viral RNA was demonstrated in 21 IVDU by reverse transcription-nested PCR of the 5' UTR. c-DNA amplified products were analyzed and their sequences compared with those downloaded from GenBank. A phylogenetic tree based on 171 sequences demonstrated the presence of three major genogroups, including two subgroups, within local samples, i.e. group 1 (n=1), 2a (n=11), 2b (n=4) and 3 (n=5). These results agreed entirely with those obtained by a novel RFLP (J. Clin. Microbiol. 37, 1340-1347, 1999) of the same 5' UTR amplicons. As expected, GBV-C/HGV RNA prevalence was significantly higher among IVDU than among blood donors (P<0.0001), although within the latter group an unexpectedly high rate was also detected, since 11 of 200 sera (5.5%) proved positive. These viral isolates were ascribed either to subgroup 2a (n=5), subgroup 2b (n=5) or genogroup 3 (n=1). Briefly, this partial view of GBV-C/HGV molecular epidemiology in Argentina shows: (i) different rates of GBV-C/HGV infection within both IVDU and blood donors; (ii) a high prevalence of viral RNA among blood donors; and (iii) a predominant circulation of genogroup 2, with minor contribution of groups 3 and 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Oubiña
- Laboratorio de Hepatitis Virales, Departamento Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, (1121), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Quarleri JF, Mathet VL, Feld M, Ferrario D, della Latta MP, Verdun R, Sánchez DO, Oubiña JR. GB virus C/hepatitis G virus groups and subgroups: classification by a restriction fragment length polymorphism method based on phylogenetic analysis of the 5' untranslated region. J Clin Microbiol 1999; 37:1340-7. [PMID: 10203483 PMCID: PMC84770 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.37.5.1340-1347.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/1998] [Accepted: 01/27/1999] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A phylogenetic tree based on 150 5' untranslated region sequences deposited in GenBank database allowed segregation of the sequences into three major groups, including two subgroups, i.e., 1, 2a, 2b, and 3, supported by bootstrap analysis. Restriction site analysis of these sequences predicted that HinfI and either AatII or AciI could be used for genomic typing with 99.4% accuracy. cDNA sequencing and subsequent alignment of 21 Argentine GB virus C/hepatitis G virus strains confirmed restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns theoretically predicted. This method may be useful for a rapid screening of samples when either epidemiological or transmission studies of this agent are carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Quarleri
- Laboratorio de Hepatitis Virales, Departamento Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Montero A, Giovannoni AG, Fernández MA, Pons-Estel B, Sen L. Autoantibodies in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with and without concurrent hepatitis C infection. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 1998; 41:2077-9. [PMID: 9811064 DOI: 10.1002/1529-0131(199811)41:11<2077::aid-art24>3.0.co;2-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Montero
- Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina
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Pujol FH, Loureiro CL, Devesa M, Blitz L, Parra K, Beker S, Liprandi F. Determination of genotypes of hepatitis C virus in Venezuela by restriction fragment length polymorphism. J Clin Microbiol 1997; 35:1870-2. [PMID: 9196212 PMCID: PMC229860 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.35.7.1870-1872.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus genotypes in Venezuela were analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism in the 5' noncoding region. The absence of BstUI digestion was found to be a useful marker for genotype 2 specimens. From 122 serum samples, 66, 20, and 2.5% were classified as genotypes 1, 2, and 3, respectively; 0.8% were classified as genotype 4; and 10% appeared to be mixed infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- F H Pujol
- Laboratorio Biología de Virus, CMBC, IVIC, Caracas, Venezuela.
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Picchio GR, Nakatsuno M, Boggiano C, Sabbe R, Corti M, Daruich J, Pérez-Bianco R, Tezanos-Pinto M, Kokka R, Wilber J, Mosier D. Hepatitis C (HCV) genotype and viral titer distribution among Argentinean hemophilic patients in the presence or absence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection. J Med Virol 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9071(199706)52:2<219::aid-jmv17>3.0.co;2-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Ginabreda MG, Yoshida CF, Niel C. Genomic characterization of Brazilian hepatitis C virus genotypes 1a and 1b. Braz J Med Biol Res 1997; 30:339-45. [PMID: 9246231 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x1997000300006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Parts of 5' non-coding (5' NC) and of E1 envelope regions of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome were amplified from sera of 26 Brazilian anti-HCV antibody-positive patients using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Fourteen samples were PCR positive with primers from the 5' NC region and 8 of them were also positive with primers from the E1 region. A genomic segment of 176 bp from the E1 region of 7 isolates was directly sequenced from PCR products. The sequences were compared with those of HCV strains isolated in other countries and the Brazilian isolates were classified by phylogenetic analysis into genotypes 1a and 1b. This could have a clinical importance since it has been shown that individuals infected with type 1 viruses are less likely to respond to treatment with interferon than individuals infected with types 2 and 3 viruses. Two quasispecies isolated from the same patient with an interval of 13 months differed by two base substitutions (1.1%). The sequence of another isolate presented a three-nucleotide deletion at codon 329.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Ginabreda
- Departamento de Virologia, Instituto Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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