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Khalkhali P, Khavandegar A, Mozhgani SH, Teimoori A, Moradi A, Ajorloo M, Lorestani N, Kaveh K, Akbar S, Razavi Nikoo H. Genotyping and sequence characterization of the NSP4 gene of human group A rotavirus strains in Northern Iran. J Med Virol 2021; 93:4824-4830. [PMID: 33818782 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Rotavirus is known to be responsible for remarkable numbers of severe diarrheal episodes and even death in infants and young children. In this study, we aimed to survey genetic diversity and variation analysis of viroporin, which is encoded by the rotavirus NSP4 segment. Thirty-five rotavirus-positive specimens were obtained, and RNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction amplification were performed. After the sequencing process, four specimens were excluded, and the final 31 samples remained for genetic diversity and variation analysis. The predominant single G/P combination was G1P[8] (~78%), followed by G2P[8] (~13%), and equal percentages (3%) of G2P[4], G3P[8], and G-non-typeable-P[8]. Further analyses revealed that variations could be found in the three regions of NSP4, including VP4 binding site (aa 112-146), double-layered particle binding site (aa 161-175), and finally, in the predicted amphipathic alpha-helix. Phylogenic tree analysis demonstrated that the mentioned samples clustered with genotype E1 and E2 reference sequences. As previously reported in the literature, in this study, it was revealed that no apparent correlation exists in the deduced amino acid sequences corresponding to this region between the rotaviruses collected from patients with and without diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parinaz Khalkhali
- International Branch, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Armin Khavandegar
- Student Research Committee, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Sayed-Hamidreza Mozhgani
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ali Teimoori
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Abdolvahhab Moradi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Ajorloo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.,Hepatitis Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Nazanin Lorestani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Kimia Kaveh
- International Branch, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Soroush Akbar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hadi Razavi Nikoo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.,Infectious Disease Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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2
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Jiang X, Liu Y, Tan M. Histo-blood group antigens as receptors for rotavirus, new understanding on rotavirus epidemiology and vaccine strategy. Emerg Microbes Infect 2017; 6:e22. [PMID: 28400594 PMCID: PMC5457676 DOI: 10.1038/emi.2017.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The success of the two rotavirus (RV) vaccines (Rotarix and RotaTeq) in many countries endorses a live attenuated vaccine approach against RVs. However, the lower efficacies of both vaccines in many low- and middle-income countries indicate a need to improve the current RV vaccines. The recent discovery that RVs recognize histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) as potential receptors has significantly advanced our understanding of RV diversity, evolution and epidemiology, providing important new insights into the performances of current RV vaccines in different populations and emphasizing a P-type-based vaccine approach. New understanding of RV diversity and evolution also raises a fundamental question about the ‘Jennerian' approach, which needs to be addressed for future development of live attenuated RV vaccines. Alternative approaches to develop safer and more cost-effective subunit vaccines against RVs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Jiang
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Ming Tan
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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3
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Bertol JW, Fregolente MCD, Caruzo TAR, Silva MJD, Munford V, Sáfadi MAP, Rácz ML, Gatti MSV. Molecular characterisation of the NSP4 gene of group A human rotavirus G2P[4] strains circulating in São Paulo, Brazil, from 1994 and 2006 to 2010. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2015; 110:786-92. [PMID: 26517658 PMCID: PMC4667582 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760150199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Group A human rotaviruses (HuRVA) are causative agents of acute gastroenteritis. Six viral structural proteins (VPs) and six nonstructural proteins (NSPs) are produced in RV-infected cells. NSP4 is a diarrhoea-inducing viral enterotoxin and NSP4 gene analysis revealed at least 15 (E1-E15) genotypes. This study analysed the NSP4 genetic diversity of HuRVA G2P[4] strains collected in the state of São Paulo (SP) from 1994 and 2006-2010 using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Forty (97.6%) G2P[4] strains displayed genotype E2; one strain (2.4%) displayed genotype E1. These results are consistent with the proposed linkage between VP4/VP7 (G2P[4]) and the NSP4 (E2) genotype of HuRVA. NSP4 phylogenetic analysis showed distinct clusters, with grouping of most strains by their genotype and collection year, and most strains from SP were clustered together with strains from other Brazilian states. A deduced amino acid sequence alignment for E2 showed many variations in the C-terminal region, including the VP4-binding domain. Considering the ability of NSP4 to generate host immunity, monitoring NSP4 variations, along with those in the VP4 or VP7 protein, is important for evaluating the circulation and pathogenesis of RV. Finally, the presence of one G2P[4]E1 strain reinforces the idea that new genotype combinations emerge through reassortment and independent segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Wildgrube Bertol
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | | | | | - Márcio José da Silva
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - Veridiana Munford
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Maria Lucia Rácz
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Maria Silvia Viccari Gatti
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil
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Ben Hadj Fredj M, Ben Hamida-Rebaï M, Zeller M, Heylen E, Van Ranst M, Matthijnssens J, Trabelsi A. Sequence and structural analyses of NSP4 proteins from human group A rotavirus strains detected in Tunisia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 62:146-51. [PMID: 24679587 DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The NSP4 protein of group A rotavirus (RVA) has been recognized as a viral enterotoxin and plays important roles in viral pathogenesis and morphogenesis. Domains involved in structural and functional interactions have been proposed mainly based on the simian SA11 strain. METHODS NSP4 has been classified into 15 different genotypes (E1-E15), and the aim of this study was to analyze the sequences of 46 RVA strains in order to determine the aminoacid (aa) differences between E1 and E2 genotypes. Another aspect was to characterize the structural and physicochemical properties of these strains. RESULTS Comparison of deduced aa sequences of the NSP4 protein showed that divergences between NSP4 genotypes E1 and E2 were mostly observed in the VP4-binding, the interspecies variable domain (ISVD) and the double-layered particle (DLP) binding domains. Interestingly, uncommon variations in residues 131 and 138, which are known to be important aa in pathogenesis, were found in one unusual animal derived strain belonging to the E2 genotype. Concerning the structural aspect, no significant differences were noted. CONCLUSION The presence of punctual aa variations in the NSP4 genotypes may indicate that NSP4 mutates mainly via accumulation of point mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ben Hadj Fredj
- UR06SP20, Laboratory of Microbiology, Sahloul University Hospital, 4054 Sousse, Tunisia; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, avenue Avicenne, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - M Ben Hamida-Rebaï
- UR06SP20, Laboratory of Microbiology, Sahloul University Hospital, 4054 Sousse, Tunisia; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, avenue Avicenne, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - M Zeller
- Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, 1, place de l'Université, 1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | - E Heylen
- Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, 1, place de l'Université, 1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | - M Van Ranst
- Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, 1, place de l'Université, 1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | - J Matthijnssens
- Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, 1, place de l'Université, 1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | - A Trabelsi
- UR06SP20, Laboratory of Microbiology, Sahloul University Hospital, 4054 Sousse, Tunisia; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, avenue Avicenne, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia.
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Phylogenetic analysis of G1P[6] group A rotavirus strains detected in Northeast Brazilian children fully vaccinated with Rotarix™. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2013; 19:395-402. [PMID: 23538335 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2013.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In 2009 the World Health Organization recommended the use of group A rotavirus (RVA) vaccines in all national immunization programs (NIPs) in order to control severe RVA gastroenteritis disease. In Brazil, Rotarix™ was introduced in the NIP in March 2006, and a significant reduction in mortality rates among children ≤ 5 years old was observed, especially in the Northern and Northeastern Brazil. In the current study the 11 gene segments of six Brazilian G1P[6] RVA strains, isolated in 2009 and 2010 from vaccinated children, were analyzed in order to investigate if the genetic composition of these strains might help to elucidate why they were able to cause acute gastroenteritis in vaccinated children. All six Brazilian RVA strains revealed a complete Wa-like genotype constellation: G1-P[6]-I1-R1-C1-M1-A1-N1-T1-E1-H1. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all six strains were nearly identical and showed a close genetic relationship with contemporary typical human Wa-like RVA strains. These results suggests that the fact that these strains were able to cause acute gastroenteritis in vaccinated children is likely not due to the genetic background of the strains, but rather to other factors such as host relating factors, co-infecting pathogens or vaccine efficacy. P[6] RVA strains are detected rather occasionally in humans in most regions of the world, except for South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. However, recently two studies conducted in Brazil showed the circulation of G12P[6] and G2P[6]. This is the first report on the detection and complete genome analyses of G1P[6] RVA strains in Brazil. Surveillance studies will be crucial to further investigate the prevalence of this genotype in the Brazilian population, and the efficacy of current licensed vaccines, which do not contain the P[6] genotype.
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6
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Evidence of discordant genetic linkage in the VP4, VP6, VP7 and NSP4 encoding genes of rotavirus strains from adolescent and adult patients with acute gastroenteritis. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2012; 12:1630-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Detection of a porcine rotavirus strain with VP4, VP7 and NSP4 genes of different animal origins. Arch Virol 2011; 156:2045-52. [PMID: 21796401 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-011-1064-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2010] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A new rotavirus strain, sh0902, was detected in diarrheic piglets on a farm in Shanghai, China, and its genotype was characterized as G1P[7]. Analysis of the VP4, VP7 and NSP4 genes demonstrated VP4 homology to bovine and swine rotavirus strains; the nucleotide (nt) and amino acid (aa) identities were 99.7% and 99.5%, respectively. The VP7 gene was highly homologous to that of a giant panda rotavirus strain, with 98.5% similarity at the nt level and 99% similarity at the aa level. The nucleotide sequence of the NSP4 gene displayed high homology to human rotavirus strain R479, with 99.7% identity at the nt level and 99.3% identity at the aa level. This is the first report of an unusual porcine rotavirus strain with VP4, VP7 and NSP4 genes that are highly homologous to bovine, swine, giant panda and human strains isolated at geographically distant sites (South Korea, China and India). Our data indicate that rotaviruses have circulated among humans and animals and undergone genome reassortment.
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Benati FJ, Maranhão AG, Lima RS, da Silva RC, Santos N. Multiple-gene characterization of rotavirus strains: evidence of genetic linkage among the VP7-, VP4-, VP6-, and NSP4-encoding genes. J Med Virol 2010; 82:1797-802. [PMID: 20827779 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A total of 162 rotavirus strains detected between 1996 and 2006 among individuals with diarrhea in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were analyzed by multiple-gene genotyping. Characterization of strains was done by RT-PCR assay for amplification and typing of the VP7-, VP4-, VP6-, and NSP4-encoding genes. Overall, 139 (85.8%) strains belonged to the common group A rotavirus combinations: 67 (41.4%) belonged to genotype G1-P[8]-I1-E1; 18 (11.1%) were G2-P[4]-I2-E2; 11 (6.8%) were G3-P[8]-I1-E1; 12 (7.4%) were G4-P[8]-I1-E1; and 31 (19.1%) were G9-P[8]-I1-E1. Two samples presented mixed genotypes (G1 + G3-P[8]-I1-E1 and G1 + G9-P[9]-I1-E1) and rare combinations, such as G2-P[6]-I2-E2 and G9-P[6]-I2-E2, were detected in six (3.7%) strains. The results suggest a linkage among all four genes. Genotypes G1/G3/G4/G5/G9-P[8] were correlated strongly to I1-E1 genotypes and G2-P[4]/P[6] were correlated to I2-E2 genotypes. Unusual combinations of genes, such as G3-P[9]-I2-E2, G9-P[9]-I1-E2, and G3-P[9]-I3-E3, were observed in 15 (9.3%) strains. The characterization of multiple genes allows a more complete analysis of the rotavirus isolates and provides evidence of natural reassortment of strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrício José Benati
- Microbiology Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Tatte VS, Rawal KN, Chitambar SD. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the VP6 and NSP4 genes of human rotavirus strains: Evidence of discordance in their genetic linkage. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2010; 10:940-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2010.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Revised: 05/28/2010] [Accepted: 05/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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10
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Mascarenhas JDP, Lima CS, de Oliveira DS, Guerra SDFDS, Maestri RP, Gabbay YB, de Lima ICG, de Menezes EMC, Linhares ADC, Bensabath G. Identification of two sublineages of genotype G2 rotavirus among diarrheic children in Parauapebas, Southern Pará State, Brazil. J Med Virol 2010; 82:712-9. [PMID: 20166186 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
On a world scale, group A human rotaviruses are the most common cause of severe acute gastroenteritis during infancy and childhood, including five (G1, G2, G3, G4, and G9) epidemiologically important genotypes. Among these, G2 denotes a different genogroup which appears to have a cyclic pattern of occurrence and yet little information is available about its genetic variability. The aim of this report was to characterize the emergence of G2 genotype in Paraupebas, Southern Pará State, Brazil, some of which detected after introduction of rotavirus vaccine. A total of 241 fecal specimens from young children with acute gastroenteritis were collected from the "Yutaka Takeda Hospital," a Municipality Hospital, and at the Parauapebas' Health Unit, Pará, from January to September 2006 and during March to November 2008. All samples were tested for rotavirus using immunochromatography, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), and RT-PCR, yielding an overall positivity of 12.45% (30/241). Rotavirus G2P[4] was identified in 27 of 30 samples (90%), followed by G1P[8] (2/30, 6.67%) and G9P[8] (1/30, 3.33%). Phylogenetic analysis was performed in 15 of the G2 strains, all of which grouped into lineage II. Four of these strains clustered into sublineage II-a (year 2006) and 11 into one possible new sublineage named II-c (year 2008, except SAL-1920-C). The recent re-emergence of G2 genotype associated with lineage II in Brazil warrants the continuous monitoring of circulating rotavirus strains following the nationwide universal use of rotavirus vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana D'Arc Pereira Mascarenhas
- Virology Section, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Levilândia, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil.
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11
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Tatte VS, Gentsch JR, Chitambar SD. Characterization of group A rotavirus infections in adolescents and adults from Pune, India: 1993-1996 and 2004-2007. J Med Virol 2010; 82:519-27. [PMID: 20087938 PMCID: PMC7167167 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A total of 1,591 fecal specimens were collected in 1993-1996 and 2004-2007 from adolescents and adults with acute gastroenteritis in Pune, India for detection and characterization of rotavirus. At the two time points, group A rotavirus was detected in 8.6% and 16.2% of the adolescents and 5.2% and 17.2% of the adults, respectively. Reverse transcription-PCR with consensus primers followed by multiplex genotyping PCR detected common strains G1P[8], G2P[4], G3P[8], and G4P[8] in a total of 53.1% of the samples from 1993 to 1996, while the only prevalent strain identified in 2004-2007 was G2P[4] (23.5% of total). Uncommon rotavirus strains (G1P[4], G2P[8] G9P[6]/P[4]) increased from 7.8% (1993-1996) to 41.2% (2004-2007), while the prevalence of mixed rotavirus infections was high (39%/35%) at both time points. Mixed infections detected by multiplex PCR were confirmed by sequencing two or more individual genotype-specific PCR products of the VP7 and VP4 genes from the same sample. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequences showed circulation of a heterogeneous rotavirus strain population comprising genotypes G1 (lineages I and IIb), G2 (lineages I and IIb), G4 (lineage Ia), P[4] (lineages P[4]-5 and P[4]-1), P[8] (lineages P[8]-II and P[8]-III), and P[6] (M37-like lineage). The VP6 gene sequences of the nontypeable strains were most homologous to animal strains. This study documents the molecular epidemiology of rotavirus strains in adolescents and adults in India, and suggests that it may be important to monitor these strains over time for the potential impact on rotavirus vaccines under development for use in the Indian population. J. Med. Virol. 82:519-527, 2010. (c) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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12
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Full genomic analysis of human rotavirus strain TB-Chen isolated in China. Virology 2008; 375:361-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2008.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2007] [Revised: 12/05/2007] [Accepted: 01/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Tavares TDM, Brito WMEDD, Fiaccadori FS, Freitas ERLD, Parente JA, Costa PSSD, Giugliano LG, Andreasi MSA, Soares CMA, Cardoso DDDDP. Molecular characterization of the NSP4 gene of human group A rotavirus samples from the West Central region of Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2008; 103:288-94. [DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762008000300011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2008] [Accepted: 05/08/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Araújo IT, Heinemann MB, Mascarenhas JDP, Assis RMS, Fialho AM, Leite JPG. Molecular analysis of the NSP4 and VP6 genes of rotavirus strains recovered from hospitalized children in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. J Med Microbiol 2007; 56:854-859. [PMID: 17510274 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.46787-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Group A rotaviruses are the main cause of acute gastroenteritis in children throughout the world. The two outer capsid proteins, VP4 and VP7, define the P and G genotypes, respectively. Rotaviruses with P[8]G1, P[4]G2, P[8]G3 and P[8]G4 genotypes are predominant in infecting humans and the G9 genotype is emerging in most continents as the fifth most common G type worldwide. The inner capsid protein VP6 is responsible for subgroup (SG) specificities, allowing classification of rotaviruses into SG I, SG II, SG I+II and SG non-I-non-II. The non-structural protein 4 (NSP4) encoded by segment 10 has a role in viral morphogenesis and five genetic groups have been described, NSP4 genotypes A–E. The aim of this investigation was to characterize the NSP4 and VP6 genes of rotavirus strains recovered from hospitalized children. Thirty rotavirus strains were submitted to RT-PCR followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Among the different G and P genotype combinations, two distinct genetic groups could be recognized for the NSP4 gene. Twenty-eight clustered with NSP4 genotype B. The two P[4]G2 strains fell into NSP4 genotype A and clustered distinctly, with a 100 % bootstrap value. The strains distinguished within a group were closely related to each other at the nucleotide and amino acid levels. A phylogenetic tree was constructed for the VP6 gene including the human strains RMC100, E210, Wa, US1205 and 1076, and the animal strains Gott, NCDV, SA-11, FI-14 and EW. This is the first report on Brazilian rotavirus strains describing NSP4 genotype A strains associated with VP6 SG I, and NSP4 genotype B strains associated with VP6 SG II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Trigueiros Araújo
- Department of Virology, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcos Bryan Heinemann
- Department of Virology, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Joana D'Arc P Mascarenhas
- Virology Section, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua, Brazil
| | - Rosane M Santos Assis
- Department of Virology, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Madi Fialho
- Department of Virology, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José Paulo G Leite
- Department of Virology, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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15
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Mascarenhas JDP, Leite JPG, Lima JC, Heinemann MB, Oliveira DS, Araújo IT, Soares LS, Gusmão RHP, Gabbay YB, Linhares AC. Detection of a neonatal human rotavirus strain with VP4 and NSP4 genes of porcine origin. J Med Microbiol 2007; 56:524-532. [PMID: 17374895 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.46635-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A human rotavirus strain (NB-150) was detected in stool samples from a neonate hospitalized for mild/moderate community-acquired diarrhoea. This baby lived in the outskirts of Belém, Brazil, under poor sanitation conditions. The NB-150 strain displayed a typical long electrophoretic pattern with 11 gene segments. It had two VP7 alleles, G1 and G4, and belonged to VP6 subgroup II. A close relatedness with human rotaviruses was shown for VP7 alleles: G1 (96.9–100 % similarity at the amino acid level) and G4 (97.1–100 % similarity at the amino acid level). As for VP6, 95.1–97.5 % similarity at the amino acid level was noted. VP8* and NSP4 genes showed a close relatedness with those of porcine rotavirus strains, as follows: VP8* (95.0 % similarity at the amino acid level) and NSP4 (93.7–96.0 % similarity at the amino acid level). This is believed to be the first report in Brazil of a rotavirus infection involving a strain with G1 and G4 alleles, with VP8* and NSP4 genes of porcine origin. These findings strongly suggest the occurrence of interspecies transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana D'Arc P Mascarenhas
- Seção de Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Belém, Brazil
| | - José Paulo G Leite
- Departamento de Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jackson C Lima
- Seção de Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Belém, Brazil
| | - Marcos B Heinemann
- Departamento de Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Darleise S Oliveira
- Seção de Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Belém, Brazil
| | - Irene T Araújo
- Departamento de Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luana S Soares
- Seção de Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Belém, Brazil
| | | | - Yvone B Gabbay
- Seção de Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Belém, Brazil
| | - Alexandre C Linhares
- Seção de Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Belém, Brazil
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16
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Mascarenhas JDP, Linhares AC, Gabbay YB, Lima CS, Guerra SDFS, Soares LS, Oliveira DS, Lima JC, Macêdo O, Leite JPG. Molecular characterization of VP4 and NSP4 genes from rotavirus strains infecting neonates and young children in Belém, Brazil. Virus Res 2007; 126:149-58. [PMID: 17376554 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2007.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2006] [Revised: 02/08/2007] [Accepted: 02/10/2007] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Several reports have identified P[6] specificities in humans and in animals in different countries of the world, but few sequence data are available in public databases. In this work we have characterized the VP4 strains bearing P[6] specificity and NSP4 genotypes among diarrheic young children and diarrheic and non-diarrheic neonates from three studies previously conducted in Belém, Northern region of Brazil. As the to VP8* fragment, we observed a close relationship to both human prototypes of lineage P[6]-Ia (bootstrap of 99%) and porcine sublineages Ib and Ic (89.2-98.1% aa similarity and mean of 95%). With regards to the NSP4, the samples clustered into genotypes A and B. Of note, of the 27 P[6] strains analyzed in the present study and classified as genotype B, 8 (29.6%) were more similar to porcine prototypes when VP8* and NSP4 genes are compared, and were recovered, one from a neonate and seven from diarrheic children. These preliminary findings reinforce that further investigations are needed to assess the relative frequencies of P[6] strains in our region, as well as to investigate the potential for interspecies transmission involving humans and animals, particularly pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana D'Arc P Mascarenhas
- Seção de Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Rodovia BR 316 KM 07, S/N, Levilândia, 67.030-000 Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil.
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Araújo IT, Assis RMS, Fialho AM, Mascarenhas JDP, Heinemann MB, Leite JPG. Brazilian P[8],G1, P[8],G5, P[8],G9, and P[4],G2 rotavirus strains: Nucleotide sequence and phylogenetic analysis. J Med Virol 2007; 79:995-1001. [PMID: 17516538 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.20918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Rotavirus epidemiological surveys with molecular analysis of strains are required for gastroenteritis control and prevention. Twenty-nine human rotavirus strains detected in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 1986 to 2004 were characterized as P[8],G1, P[8],G5, P[8],G9, and P[4],G2 genotypes. The VP7 genes were sequenced and phylogenetic analysis was performed. Strains of genotype G1 revealed two distinct lineages, G1-3 and G1-4; strains of genotype G2 grouped in lineage G2-1; G5 strains clustered with other Brazilians G5 strains and G9 strains were closely related to each other in lineage G9-3, distinct from the original G9 strains detected in 1980s. The VP4 genes were analyzed and P[8] strains fell into two major genetic lineages, P[8]-2 and P[8]-3. Our findings document an intragenotype diversity represented by lineages and sublineages within rotavirus circulating in Rio de Janeiro from 1986 to 2004, before application of a vaccine (Rotarix) in Brazil. This report emphasizes the importance of continuing monitor genotypes to verify if uncommon strains or newly strains are emerging to be specifically addressed in future vaccine trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Trigueiros Araújo
- Department of Virology, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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