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Bellott TR, Luz FB, Fausto da Silva AK, Varella RB, Rochael MC, Rozza-de-Menezes RE, Pantaleão L. Presence of Merkel cell polyomavirus DNA and large-T antigen in keratinocyte carcinomas and its correlation with immunohistochemical markers p16, p53 and ki67. An Bras Dermatol 2024:S0365-0596(24)00032-1. [PMID: 38555263 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), a human polyomavirus that is unequivocally linked to merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), has been found in association with keratinocytes carcinomas (KC), especially basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). Nevertheless, there is scarce information about the possible involvement of MCPyV in the development of KC. OBJECTIVES To assess the presence of MCPyV DNA and Large-T Antigen (LT-Ag) via Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) in cases of KC, and to correlate its presence with immunohistochemical markers p16, p53, and ki67, tumor type and subtype, sun-exposed location, and epidemiological data. METHODS The prevalence of MCPyV DNA, LT-Ag, and immunohistochemical markers p16, p53, and ki67 was assessed by PCR and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 127 cases of KC, these results were correlated with tumor type and subtype, sun-exposed location, and epidemiological data. RESULTS The MCPyV DNA was detected in 42.57% (43 of 101) cases by PCR, the LT-Ag was detected in 16.4% (20 of 122) of cases, p16 in 81.5% (97 of 119), p53 in 66.4% (83 of 125), ki67 in 89% (73 of 82). No correlation between MCPyV LT-Ag and DNA confronted with tumor type, subtype, location site, and immunohistochemical markers was found. A single correlation between the MCPyV LT-Ag and cSCC tumors and peri-tumoral lymphocyte cells was noted. STUDY LIMITATIONS Further steps need to be taken to better evaluate the MCPyV influence and its possible role in KC carcinogenesis, as the evaluation of the virus genome state, the gene sequence that encodes LT-Ag in the KC tumor cells, and in situ hybridization for viral DNA or RNA in these cells. CONCLUSIONS Despite the frequent detection of MCPyV in KC, the data available so far does not support the hypothesis of a causal relationship between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Bellott
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Flávio Barbosa Luz
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Brandão Varella
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mayra Carrijo Rochael
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Luciana Pantaleão
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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Mamana AC, Stincarelli M, Sarmento DJDS, Mendes Batista A, Tozetto-Mendoza TR, Gallottini M, De Abreu Pestana JOM, Braz-Silva PH, Giannecchini S. Detection of polyomavirus microRNA-5p expression in saliva shortly after kidney transplantation. J Oral Microbiol 2021; 13:1898838. [PMID: 33796229 PMCID: PMC7971308 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2021.1898838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) of polyomavirus (PyV) are present in several biological fluids and are suggested to be relevant viral factors for monitoring its persistence. Aim: To evaluate the effect of an immunosuppressive regimen on the status of PyV-miRNA-5p in the oral cavity. Materials and Methods: The JCPyV, BKPyV, MCPyV miRNA-5p were investigated in paired saliva and plasma samples obtained from 23 patients before and shortly after renal-transplantation by using real-time RT-PCR. Results: Overall, within a short-time after transplantation, patients exhibited decreased numbers of leukocyte and lymphocyte as well as low levels of creatinine. During the clinical management of the patients, a significant amount of saliva samples were positive for JCPyV and BKPyV miRNA-5p (range: 26%-91%) compared to paired plasma samples (range: 9%-35%). Among the two polyomaviruses showing positive expression of miRNA-5p, BKPyV presented the highest positivity in saliva (91%) and MCPyV-miRNA-5p was constantly negative in both saliva and plasma samples. Compared to the time before transplantation, a significant reduction in the expression of JCPyV-miRNA-5p was observed in saliva samples obtained after transplantation. Conclusions: Altogether, these data suggest that additional investigations of polyomavirus miRNA-5p in saliva should be performed shortly after renal-transplantation to evaluate the potential role in early viral reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Mamana
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Stincarelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Alexandre Mendes Batista
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tânia Regina Tozetto-Mendoza
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Gallottini
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Henrique Braz-Silva
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simone Giannecchini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Csoboz B, Rasheed K, Sveinbjørnsson B, Moens U. Merkel cell polyomavirus and non-Merkel cell carcinomas: guilty or circumstantial evidence? APMIS 2020; 128:104-120. [PMID: 31990105 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) is the major causative factor of the rare but aggressive cancer, Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). Two characteristics of MCPyV-positive MCCs are integration of the viral genome and expression of a truncated version of one of its oncogenic proteins, namely large T antigen. The strong association of MCPyV with MCC development has incited researchers to further investigate a possible role of this virus in other cancers. However, many of the examples displaying the presence of the virus in the various non-MCC cancers are not able to clearly demonstrate a direct connection between cellular transformation and the presence of the virus. The prevalence of the virus is significantly lower in non-MCC cancers compared to MCCs, with a lower level of viral load and sparse viral protein expression. Moreover, the state of the viral genome, and whether a truncated large T antigen is expressed, has rarely been investigated. Nonetheless, considering the strong oncogenic potential of MCPyV proteins in MCC, the plausible contribution of MCPyV to transformation and cancer growth in non-MCC tumors cannot be ruled out. Furthermore, the absence of MCPyV in cancers does not exclude a hit-and-run mechanism, or the oncoproteins of MCPyV may potentiate the neoplastic process mediated by co-infecting oncoviruses such as high-risk human papillomaviruses and Epstein-Barr virus. The current review is focusing on the available data describing the presence of MCPyV in non-MCC tumors, with an aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the corresponding literature and to discuss the potential contribution of MCPyV to non-MCC cancer in light of this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balint Csoboz
- Molecular Inflammation Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kashif Rasheed
- Molecular Inflammation Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Baldur Sveinbjørnsson
- Molecular Inflammation Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ugo Moens
- Molecular Inflammation Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Martelli F, Mencarini J, Rocca A, Malva ND, Bartolozzi D, Giannecchini S. Polyomavirus microRNA in saliva reveals persistent infectious status in the oral cavity. Virus Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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5
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de Santana Sarmento DJ, Tozetto-Mendoza TR, Masami Sumita L, Pierroti LC, Pallos D, Caliento R, Palmieri M, de Oliveira Martins VA, Gallottini M, Pannuti CS, Braz-Silva PH. Oral shedding of human herpesviruses in renal transplant recipients. Clin Oral Investig 2017; 22:885-891. [PMID: 28669106 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2166-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the shedding profile of human herpesviruses in the saliva of renal transplant recipients. METHODS This is a prospective case-control study of 50 renal transplant recipients and control group of 50 individuals (non-transplanted and immunocompetent). Mouthwash samples were collected via oral rinse and then submitted to screening for the presence of eight types of herpesviruses by using multiplex PCR. Fisher's exact, chi-square, and Student t tests were used for statistical analysis, and the significance level was set at 5%. RESULTS The mean age of the study group was 49.42 ± 12.94 years, 28/50 (56%) were female, and the time elapsed after transplantation was 68.20 ± 67.19 months. Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) (P = 0.025) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) (P = 0.024) were, statistically, more excreted in the saliva of renal transplant recipients compared to control group. Gender (P = 1.00) and age (P = 0.563) did not influence the salivary shedding of herpesviruses in renal transplant recipients. Individuals who excreted varicella-zoster virus in saliva had a shorter mean time of transplantation (22:00 + 2.82 months) (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Renal transplant recipients excreted herpesviruses more often than controls, especially HSV-1 and EBV, with salivary shedding of herpesviruses being more frequent in patients with recent kidney transplantation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The present findings support other longitudinal studies evaluating the relationship between oral shedding of human herpesviruses and clinical presence of active infection and renal transplant failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry José de Santana Sarmento
- Division of Pathology, Department of Stomatology, University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227 - Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tânia Regina Tozetto-Mendoza
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470 - Jd. América, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Laura Masami Sumita
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470 - Jd. América, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ligia Camara Pierroti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Débora Pallos
- Department of Dentistry, University of Santo Amaro, Rua Professor Enéas de Siqueira Neto, 340 - Santo Amaro, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rubens Caliento
- Division of Pathology, Department of Stomatology, University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227 - Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Michelle Palmieri
- Division of Pathology, Department of Stomatology, University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227 - Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Victor Adriano de Oliveira Martins
- Division of Pathology, Department of Stomatology, University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227 - Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina Gallottini
- Division of Pathology, Department of Stomatology, University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227 - Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudio Sergio Pannuti
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470 - Jd. América, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Braz-Silva
- Division of Pathology, Department of Stomatology, University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227 - Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. .,Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470 - Jd. América, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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6
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Bellott TR, Baez CF, Almeida SG, Venceslau MT, Zalis MG, Guimarães MA, Rochael MC, Luz FB, Varella RB, Almeida JR. Molecular prevalence of Merkel cell polyomavirus in nonmelanoma skin cancer in a Brazilian population. Clin Exp Dermatol 2017; 42:390-394. [DOI: 10.1111/ced.13069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T. R. Bellott
- Department of Clinical Medicine; Universidade Federal Fluminense; Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro; Niterói Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - C. F. Baez
- Department of Preventive Medicine; Universidade Federal do Rio do Janeiro; Brazil
| | - S. G. Almeida
- Department of Preventive Medicine; Universidade Federal do Rio do Janeiro; Brazil
| | - M. T. Venceslau
- Department of Preventive Medicine; Universidade Federal do Rio do Janeiro; Brazil
| | - M. G. Zalis
- Department of Preventive Medicine; Universidade Federal do Rio do Janeiro; Brazil
| | - M. A. Guimarães
- Department of Preventive Medicine; Universidade Federal do Rio do Janeiro; Brazil
| | - M. C. Rochael
- Department of Clinical Medicine; Universidade Federal Fluminense; Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro; Niterói Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - F. B. Luz
- Department of Clinical Medicine; Universidade Federal Fluminense; Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro; Niterói Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - R. B. Varella
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology; Universidade Federal Fluminense; Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro; Niterói Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - J. R. Almeida
- Department of Clinical Medicine; Universidade Federal Fluminense; Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro; Niterói Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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Phylogenetic and structural analysis of merkel cell polyomavirus VP1 in Brazilian samples. Virus Res 2016; 221:1-7. [PMID: 27173789 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of the phylogenetic and structural characteristics of the Merkel Cell Polyomavirus (MCPyV) is increasing but still scarce, especially in samples originating from South America. In order to investigate the properties of MCPyV circulating in the continent in more detail, MCPyV Viral Protein 1 (VP1) sequences from five basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and four saliva samples from Brazilian individuals were evaluated from the phylogenetic and structural standpoint, along with all complete MCPyV VP1 sequences available at Genbank database so far. The VP1 phylogenetic analysis confirmed the previously reported pattern of geographic distribution of MCPyV genotypes and the complexity of the South-American clade. The nine Brazilian samples were equally distributed in the South-American (3 saliva samples); North American/European (2 BCC and 1 saliva sample); and in the African clades (3 BCC). The classification of mutations according to the functional regions of VP1 protein revealed a differentiated pattern for South-American sequences, with higher number of mutations on the neutralizing epitope loops and lower on the region of C-terminus, responsible for capsid formation, when compared to other continents. In conclusion, the phylogenetic analysis showed that the distribution of Brazilian VP1 sequences agrees with the ethnic composition of the country, indicating that VP1 can be successfully used for MCPyV phylogenetic studies. Finally, the structural analysis suggests that some mutations could have impact on the protein folding, membrane binding or antibody escape, and therefore they should be further studied.
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Tanio S, Matsushita M, Kuwamoto S, Horie Y, Kodani I, Murakami I, Ryoke K, Hayashi K. Low prevalence of Merkel cell polyomavirus with low viral loads in oral and maxillofacial tumours or tumour-like lesions from immunocompetent patients: Absence of Merkel cell polyomavirus-associated neoplasms. Mol Clin Oncol 2015; 3:1301-1306. [PMID: 26807237 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2015.629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
It was recently demonstrated that ~80% of Merkel cell carcinomas (MCCs) harbour a novel polyomavirus, Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV). MCPyV has been detected in various human tissue samples. However, previous studies on the prevalence of MCPyV in oral tumours or tumour-like lesions are incomplete. To address this issue, we measured MCPyV DNA quantity using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in 327 oral tumours or tumour-like lesions and 54 jaw tumours or cyst lesions from 381 immunocompetent patients, as well as in 4 oral lesions from 4 immunosuppressed patients. qPCR revealed a low MCPyV prevalence (25/381, 6.6%) with low viral loads (0.00024-0.026 copies/cell) in oral and maxillofacial tumours and tumour-like lesions from immunocompetent patients. The prevalence was 7/176 (4.0%) in invasive squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) [2/60 (3.33%) SCCs of the tongue, 4/52 (7.7%) SCCs of the gingiva and 1/19 (5.3%) SCCs of the floor of the mouth], 1/10 (10%) in dysplasias, 1/5 (20%) in adenocarcinomas, 2/13 (15.4%) in adenoid cystic carcinomas, 1/10 (10%) in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, 3/10 (30%) in lipomas, 3/5 (60%) in neurofibromas, 1/3 (33.3%) in Schwannomas, 2/12 (16.7%) in Warthin's tumours, 2/11 (18.2%) in pyogenic granulomas, 1/14 (7.1%) in radicular cysts and 1/12 (8.3%) in ameloblastomas. The prevalence in lesions from immunosuppressed patients (1/4, 25%) was higher compared with that in lesions from immunocompetent patients (25/381, 6.6%), but the difference was not statistically significant. To the best of our knowledge, this study was the first to report prevalence data of MCPyV in tumours and cysts of the jaws (2/54, 3.7%). These data indicated absence of MCPyV-related tumours or tumour-like lesions in the oral cavity and jaws and suggested that the detected MCPyV DNA was derived from non-neoplastic background tissues with widespread low-level MCPyV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Tanio
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Biopathological Surgery, Department of Medicine of Sensory and Motor Organs, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan; Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Michiko Matsushita
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kuwamoto
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Yasushi Horie
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Isamu Kodani
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Biopathological Surgery, Department of Medicine of Sensory and Motor Organs, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Ichiro Murakami
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Kazuo Ryoke
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Biopathological Surgery, Department of Medicine of Sensory and Motor Organs, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Hayashi
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
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Slots J. Periodontal herpesviruses: prevalence, pathogenicity, systemic risk. Periodontol 2000 2015; 69:28-45. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Moens U, Van Ghelue M, Ludvigsen M, Korup-Schulz S, Ehlers B. Early and late promoters of BK polyomavirus, Merkel cell polyomavirus, Trichodysplasia spinulosa-associated polyomavirus and human polyomavirus 12 are among the strongest of all known human polyomaviruses in 10 different cell lines. J Gen Virol 2015; 96:2293-2303. [PMID: 25968129 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.000181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, 11 new human polyomaviruses (HPyVs) have been isolated and named KI, WU, Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), HPyV6, -7, -9, -10 and -12, Trichodysplasia spinulosa-associated polyomavirus (TSPyV), STLPyV and NJPyV-2013. Little is known about cell tropism of the novel HPyVs, and cell cultures allowing virus propagation are lacking. Because viral tropism partially depends on the interaction of cellular transcription factors with the viral promoter, we monitored the promoter activity of all known HPyVs. Therefore, we compared the relative early and late promoter activity of the BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) (WW strain) with the corresponding activities of the other HPyVs in 10 different cell lines derived from brain, colon, kidney, liver, lung, the oral cavity and skin. Our results show that the BKPyV, MCPyV, TSPyV and HPyV12 early promoters displayed the strongest activity in most cell lines tested, while the remaining HPyV had relative low early promoter activity. HPyV12 showed the highest late promoter activity of all HPyVs in most cell lines, but also the BKPyV, MCPyV and TSPyV late promoters belonged to the stronger ones among HPyVs. The HPyVs with weak early promoter activity had in general also weak late promoter activity, except for HPyV10 whose late promoter was relatively strong in six of the 10 cell lines. A 20 bp deletion in the promoter of an HPyV12 variant significantly affected both early and late promoter activity in most cell lines. In conclusion, our findings suggest which cell lines may be suitable for virus propagation and may give an indication of the cell tropism of the HPyVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Moens
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø, Norway
| | - Marijke Van Ghelue
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital of North Norway, Norway.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Biology, University of Tromsø, Norway
| | - Maria Ludvigsen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sarah Korup-Schulz
- Division 12 Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Viruses Affecting Immunocompromised Patients, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard Ehlers
- Division 12 Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Viruses Affecting Immunocompromised Patients, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
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11
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Hampras SS, Giuliano AR, Lin HY, Fisher KJ, Abrahamsen ME, McKay-Chopin S, Gheit T, Tommasino M, Rollison DE. Natural history of polyomaviruses in men: the HPV infection in men (HIM) study. J Infect Dis 2015; 211:1437-46. [PMID: 25387582 PMCID: PMC4462655 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several new polyomaviruses have been discovered in the last decade, including Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV). Little is known about the natural history of the more recently discovered polyomaviruses. We estimated the incidence, prevalence, and persistence of 9 polyomaviruses (MCPyV, BK polyomavirus, KI polyomavirus, JC polyomavirus, WU polyomavirus, Human polyomavirus 6 [HPyV6], HPyV7, HPyV9, and Trichodysplasia spinulosa-associated polyomavirus) and examined factors associated with MCPyV infection in a prospective cohort of 209 men initially enrolled in the HPV Infection in Men (HIM) study. METHODS Participants enrolled at the US site of the HIM study were recruited into a substudy of cutaneous viral infections and followed for a median of 12.6 months. Eyebrow hair and normal skin swab specimens were obtained at each study visit, and the viral DNA load was measured using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS MCPyV infection showed the highest prevalence (65.1% of normal skin swab specimens and 30.6% of eyebrow hair specimens), incidence (81.7 cases per 1000 person-months among normal skin swab specimens, and 24.1 cases per 1000 person-months among eyebrow hair specimens), and persistence (85.8% of normal skin swab specimens and 58.9% of eyebrow hair specimens) among all polyomaviruses examined. Age of >44 years (odds ratio [OR], 2.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-4.33) and Hispanic race (OR, 2.64; 95% CI, 1.01-6.88) were associated with an increased prevalence of MCPyV infection in eyebrow hair and normal skin swab specimens, respectively. CONCLUSION MCPyV infection is highly prevalent in adults, with age and race being predisposing factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hui-Yi Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Kate J. Fisher
- Department of Biostatistics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | | | - Sandrine McKay-Chopin
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer–World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Tarik Gheit
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer–World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Massimo Tommasino
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer–World Health Organization, Lyon, France
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12
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Di Bonito P, Libera SD, Petricca S, Iaconelli M, Accardi L, Muscillo M, La Rosa G. Frequent and abundant Merkel cell polyomavirus detection in urban wastewaters in Italy. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2015; 7:1-6. [PMID: 25326200 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-014-9168-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Viruses strongly associated with human cancer have recently been detected in urban sewages and other water environments worldwide. The aim of the present study was to assess the presence of Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), a newly discovered, potentially oncogenic human virus, in urban sewage samples collected at wastewater treatment plants (WTPs) in Italy. A total of 131 raw sewage samples were collected from 21 WTPs in nine Italian regions and analyzed by both qualitative (PCR/nested) and quantitative (Real-Time qRT-PCR) methods. Of these, 66 samples (50.3 %) were positive for MCPyV by the qualitative assay. Quantitative data showed high viral loads in wastewaters (mean, 1.5E + 05 genome copies/liter). High concentrations of MCPyV were found in all WTPs under study, suggesting a wide circulation of the virus and thus the need for further studies to assess possible waterborne MCPyV transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Di Bonito
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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13
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Fisher CA, Harms PW, McHugh JB, Edwards PC, Siddiqui J, Palanisamy N, Bichakjian CK, Benavides E, Danciu TE. Small cell carcinoma in the parotid harboring Merkel cell polyomavirus. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2014; 118:703-12. [PMID: 25457888 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to document three new cases of primary small cell carcinoma (SmCC) of the parotid and examine immunohistochemical and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) data of the recently developed Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) within these tumors. STUDY DESIGN Immunohistochemistry for neuroendocrine markers (chromogranin A, CD56, CD57, neuron-specific enolase [NSE], thyroid transcription factor 1 [TTF-1]), epithelial markers (CK20, CK7, CAM 5.2), and MCPyV large T antigen (LTAg) were examined. qPCR and Sanger sequencing were performed to confirm the presence of the MCPyV LTAg gene. RESULTS Two males and one female, average age 76 years, presented with left parotid masses. Clinical examinations, histories, and imaging studies were negative for cutaneous Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), pulmonary and extrapulmonary SmCC, or any other malignancy. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated positive immunoreactivity for CK20 in a perinuclear dotlike pattern (3/3), CAM 5.2 (3/3), (2/3), NSE (3/3), CD56 (2/3), and CD57 (3/3). Two cases stained positive for MCPyV, showing moderate to strong, diffuse positivity, confirmed with qPCR. PCR-Sanger sequencing of LTAg exon 2 showed greater than 97% similarity to the MCPyV reference genome in both cases. CONCLUSION Our findings expand the number of reported cases classified as primary parotid SmCC that harbors MCPyV and underscore the similarity between cutaneous MCC and parotid SmCC. Further investigation is needed to determine whether immune-based therapeutic strategies targeting MCPyV in MCC are also effective in the setting of parotid SmCC harboring MCPyV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul W Harms
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI; Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Jonathan B McHugh
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Paul C Edwards
- School of Dentistry, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Javed Siddiqui
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Nallasivam Palanisamy
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI
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14
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Wheless L, Jacks S, Mooneyham Potter KA, Leach BC, Cook J. Skin cancer in organ transplant recipients: more than the immune system. J Am Acad Dermatol 2014; 71:359-65. [PMID: 24725477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2014.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Organ transplant recipients (OTRs) are at increased risk of developing nonmelanoma skin cancers. This has long been thought to be caused by immunosuppression and viral infection. However, skin cancer risk among individuals with AIDS or iatrogenic immunodeficiency does not approach the levels seen in OTRs, suggesting other factors play a critical role in oncogenesis. In clinical trials of OTRs, switching from calcineurin inhibitors to mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors consistently led to a significant reduction in the risk of developing new skin cancers. New evidence suggests calcineurin inhibitors interfere with p53 signaling and nucleotide excision repair. These two pathways are associated with nonmelanoma skin cancer, and squamous cell carcinoma in particular. This finding may help explain the predominance of squamous cell carcinoma over basal cell carcinoma in this population. Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors do not appear to impact these pathways. Immunosuppression, viral infection, and impaired DNA repair and p53 signaling all interact in OTRs to create a phenotype of extreme risk for nonmelanoma skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Wheless
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Sarah Jacks
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Kathryn Anne Mooneyham Potter
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Brian C Leach
- Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.
| | - Joel Cook
- Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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15
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