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Lembas A, Załęski A, Peller M, Mikuła T, Wiercińska-Drapało A. Human Immunodeficiency Virus as a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2024; 24:1-14. [PMID: 37982976 PMCID: PMC10838226 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-023-09815-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The developments in HIV treatments have increased the life expectancy of people living with HIV (PLWH), a situation that makes cardiovascular disease (CVD) in that population as relevant as ever. PLWH are at increased risk of CVD, and our understanding of the underlying mechanisms is continually increasing. HIV infection is associated with elevated levels of multiple proinflammatory molecules, including IL-6, IL-1β, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, TNF-α, TGF-β, osteopontin, sCD14, hs-CRP, and D-dimer. Other currently examined mechanisms include CD4 + lymphocyte depletion, increased intestinal permeability, microbial translocation, and altered cholesterol metabolism. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) leads to decreases in the concentrations of the majority of proinflammatory molecules, although most remain higher than in the general population. Moreover, adverse effects of ART also play an important role in increased CVD risk, especially in the era of rapid advancement of new therapeutical options. Nevertheless, it is currently believed that HIV plays a more significant role in the development of metabolic syndromes than treatment-associated factors. PLWH being more prone to develop CVD is also due to the higher prevalence of smoking and chronic coinfections with viruses such as HCV and HBV. For these reasons, it is crucial to consider HIV a possible causal factor in CVD occurrence, especially among young patients or individuals without common CVD risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Lembas
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Załęski
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
- Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Michał Peller
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Mikuła
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Wiercińska-Drapało
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Warsaw, Poland
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Vecchione MB, Laufer N, Sued O, Corti M, Salomon H, Quiroga MF. 7-oxo-DHEA enhances impaired M. tuberculosis-specific T cell responses during HIV-TB coinfection. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:20. [PMID: 31906962 PMCID: PMC6943934 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-019-0604-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), affecting approximately one third of the world's population. Development of an adequate immune response will determine disease progression or progress to chronic infection. Risk of developing TB among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-coinfected patients (HIV-TB) is 20-30 times higher than those without HIV infection, and a synergistic interplay between these two pathogens accelerates the decline in immunological functions. TB treatment in HIV-TB coinfected persons is challenging and it has a prolonged duration, mainly due to the immune system failure to provide an adequate support for the therapy. Therefore, we aimed to study the role of the hormone 7-oxo-dehydroepiandrosterone (7-OD) as a modulator of anti-tuberculosis immune responses in the context of HIV-TB coinfection. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among HIV-TB patients and healthy donors (HD). We characterized the ex vivo phenotype of CD4 + T cells and also evaluated in vitro antigen-specific responses by Mtb stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in the presence or absence of 7-OD. We assessed lymphoproliferative activity, cytokine production and master transcription factor profiles. RESULTS Our results show that HIV-TB patients were not able to generate successful anti-tubercular responses in vitro compared to HD, as reduced IFN-γ/IL-10 and IFN-γ/IL-17A ratios were observed. Interestingly, treatment with 7-OD enhanced Th1 responses by increasing Mtb-induced proliferation and the production of IFN-γ and TNF-α over IL-10 levels. Additionally, in vitro Mtb stimulation augmented the frequency of cells with a regulatory phenotype, while 7-OD reduced the proportion of these subsets and induced an increase in CD4 + T-bet+ (Th1) subpopulation, which is associated with clinical data linked to an improved disease outcome. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that 7-OD modifies the cytokine balance and the phenotype of CD4 + T cells towards a more favorable profile for mycobacteria control. These results provide new data to delineate novel treatment approaches as co-adjuvant for the treatment of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Belén Vecchione
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Laufer
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Omar Sued
- Área de Investigaciones Clínicas, Fundación Huésped, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Corti
- División "B" VIH/Sida, Hospital Francisco J. Muñiz, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Horacio Salomon
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Florencia Quiroga
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Li Y, Sun W. Effects of Th17/Treg cell imbalance on HIV replication in patients with AIDS complicated with tuberculosis. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:2879-2883. [PMID: 29456692 PMCID: PMC5795545 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Th17/Treg cell imbalance on HIV replication in patients with AIDS complicated with tuberculosis (TB). We selected 32 patients with AIDS combined with TB infection in our hospital and 30 healthy individual as controls. The Th17/Treg ratio in peripheral blood lymphocytes was detected by flow cytometry. Compared with healthy subjects, Th17 cells first declined in HIV patients with TB, but gradually increased over the course of the disease. Treg showed an increasing trend in HIV patients with TB. The Th17/Treg ratio was significantly altered as the condition gradually deteriorated. ELISA showed that interleukin (IL)-17, IL-6 and IL-10 in patients with HIV complicated with TB were significantly lower than in healthy subjects. The imbalance of Th17/Treg cells can promote HIV virus replication in AIDS patients with TB infection, which can aggravate the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanshuang Li
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Weijia Sun
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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Mahdavi M, Tajik AH, Ebtekar M, Rahimi R, Adibzadeh MM, Moozarmpour HR, Beikverdi MS, Olfat S, Hassan ZM, Choopani M, Kameli M, Hartoonian C. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, a potent adjuvant for polarization to Th-17 pattern: an experience on HIV-1 vaccine model. APMIS 2017; 125:596-603. [PMID: 28493367 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines are mediators for polarization of immune response in vaccines. Studies show that co-immunization of DNA vaccines with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) can increase immune responses. Here, experimental mice were immunized with HIV-1tat/pol/gag/env DNA vaccine with GM-CSF and boosted with recombinant vaccine. Lymphocyte proliferation with Brdu and CTL activity, IL-4, IFN-γ, IL-17 cytokines, total antibody, and IgG1 and IgG2a isotypes were assessed with ELISA. Results show that GM-CSF as adjuvant in DNA immunization significantly increased lymphocyte proliferation and IFN-γ cytokines, but CTL response was tiny increased. Also GM-CSF as adjuvant decreased IL-4 cytokine vs mere vaccine group. IL-17 in the group that immunized with mixture of DNA vaccine/GM-CSF was significantly increased vs DNA vaccine group. Result of total antibody shows that GM-CSF increased antibody response in which both IgG1 and IgG2a increased. Overall, results confirmed the beneficial effect of GM-CSF as adjuvant to increase vaccine immunogenicity. The hallmark result of this study was to increase IL-17 cytokine with DNA vaccine/GM-CSF immunized group. This study for the first time provides the evidence of the potency of GM-CSF in the induction of IL-17 in response to a vaccine, which is important for control of infection such as HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Mahdavi
- Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Tajik
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Roghieh Rahimi
- Department of Immunology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hamid Reza Moozarmpour
- Department of Microbiology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Beikverdi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soophie Olfat
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of new Science and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Choopani
- Department of Biology, College of Basic Science, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Alborz, Iran
| | - Morteza Kameli
- Department of Biology, College of Basic Science, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Alborz, Iran
| | - Christine Hartoonian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Biotechnology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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The Role of Interleukin-23 in the Early Development of Emphysema in HIV1(+) Smokers. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:3463104. [PMID: 27446965 PMCID: PMC4942665 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3463104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression is upregulated in alveolar macrophages (AM) of HIV1+ smokers who develop emphysema. Knowing that lung epithelial lining fluid (ELF) of HIV1+ smokers contains increased levels of inflammatory cytokines compared to HIV1− smokers, we hypothesized that upregulation of lung cytokines in HIV1+ smokers may be functionally related to increased MMP-9 expression. Methods. Cytokine arrays evaluated cytokine protein levels in ELF obtained from 5 groups of individuals: HIV1− healthy nonsmokers, HIV1− healthy smokers, HIV1− smokers with low diffusing capacity (DLCO), HIV1+ nonsmokers, and HIV1+ smokers with low DLCO. Results. Increased levels of the Th17 related cytokine IL-23 were found in HIV1− smokers with low DLCO and HIV1+ smokers and nonsmokers. Relative IL-23 gene expression was increased in AM of HIV1+ individuals, with greater expression in AM of HIV1+ smokers with low DLCO. Infection with HIV1 in vitro induced IL-23 expression in normal AM. IL-23 stimulation of AM/lymphocyte cocultures in vitro induced upregulation of MMP-9. Lung T lymphocytes express receptor IL-23R and interact with AM in order to upregulate MMP-9. Conclusion. This mechanism may contribute to the increased tissue destruction in the lungs of HIV1+ smokers and suggests that Th17 related inflammation may play a role.
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Cai YH, Ma ZJ, Lu XY, He EL, You MY. Study on the effect and mechanism of the dysfunction of CD4(+) T cells in the disease process of chronic cardiac failure. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2016; 9:682-7. [PMID: 27393098 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect and mechanism of the dysfunction of CD4(+) T cells in the disease process of chronic cardiac failure (CHF). METHODS According to different group technologies, 100 CHF patients were divided into the following groups: ischemia group and non-ischemia group, heart function Ⅲ-Ⅳ group and heart function Ⅰ-Ⅱ group, event group and non-event group, and 50 healthy volunteers were included in the control group. Real-time PCR was used to detect transcription factors T-bet and GATA-3 of Th1 and Th2; flow cytometry was applied to determine the ratio of Th17 and Treg cells; ELISA was employed to test cytokines IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-17 and IL-10 of peripheral blood Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg cells, respectively; ultrasonic cardiogram was used to exploit to LVEF and LVEDd; and electrochemilu minescene immunoassay was used to examine plasma BNP. The differences of all indexes of all groups were analyzed and the correlation between CD4 T cells and clinical indexes was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. RESULTS As compared to the control group, the transcription factors T-bet and GATA-3 of Th1 and Th2, the ratio of cytokines Th17 and IFN-γ, cytokines IL-17, T-bet/GATA-3, IFN-γ/IL-4, Th17 cells/Treg cells, IL-17/IL-10 of the ischemia group and non-ischemia group, heart function Ⅲ-Ⅳ group and heart function Ⅰ-Ⅱ group, event group and non-event group were all increased significantly, while their transcription factor GATA-3 of Th2, cytokines IL-4, Treg cells ratio, cytokines IL-10 were decreased obviously. The differences showed statistical significance (P < 0.05). The increase or decrease of the partial CD4+ T cells of the ischemia group, heart function Ⅲ-Ⅳ group and event group was more distinctly. The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that IFN-γ and IL-17 were significantly positively correlated with LVEDd and BNP, IL-4 and IL-10 were also significantly positively correlated with LVEF, but correlated negatively with BNP, and IL-17 was negatively correlative with LVEF. CONCLUSIONS There was a correlation between CHF and the dysfunction of CD4(+) T cells showing immune activation phenomenons of deviations from the Th1/Th2 balance towards Th1 and from the Th17/Treg balance towards Th17, which was also related to the types, severity and prognosis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Hao Cai
- Emergency Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Zi-Jian Ma
- Emergency Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiu-Ying Lu
- Emergency Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - En-Le He
- Emergency Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Ming-Yao You
- Neurology Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China.
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Chirumbolo S. Commentary: Sublingual Allergen Immunotherapy in HIV-Positive Patients. Front Immunol 2016; 7:132. [PMID: 27066011 PMCID: PMC4815895 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Ronacher K, Joosten SA, van Crevel R, Dockrell HM, Walzl G, Ottenhoff THM. Acquired immunodeficiencies and tuberculosis: focus on HIV/AIDS and diabetes mellitus. Immunol Rev 2015; 264:121-37. [PMID: 25703556 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection within Africa led to marked increases in numbers of cases of tuberculosis (TB), and although the epidemic peaked in 2006, there were still 1.8 million new cases in 2013, with 29.2 million prevalent cases. Half of all TB cases in Africa are in those with HIV co-infection. A brief review of the well-documented main immunological mechanisms of HIV-associated increased susceptibility to TB is presented. However, a new threat is facing TB control, which presents itself in the form of a rapid increase in the number of people living with type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM), particularly in areas that are already hardest hit by the TB epidemic. T2DM increases susceptibility to TB threefold, and the TB burden attributable to T2DM is 15%. This review addresses the much smaller body of research information available on T2DM-TB, compared to HIV-TB comorbidity. We discuss the altered clinical presentation of TB in the context of T2DM comorbidity, changes in innate and adaptive immune responses, including lymphocyte subsets and T-cell phenotypes, the effect of treatment of the different comorbidities, changes in biomarker expression and genetic predisposition to the respective morbidities, and other factors affecting the comorbidity. Although significant gains have been made in improving our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of T2DM-associated increased susceptibility, knowledge gaps still exist that require urgent attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Ronacher
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research and MRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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New Insights about Treg and Th17 Cells in HIV Infection and Disease Progression. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:647916. [PMID: 26568963 PMCID: PMC4629044 DOI: 10.1155/2015/647916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Treg and Th17 cell subsets are characterized by the expression of specific transcriptional factors and chemokine receptor as well as by secretion of specific cytokine and chemokines. These subsets are important to the differentiation, expansion, homing capacity, and recruitment of several different immune cell populations to the site of infection. Whereas Treg cells maintain self-tolerance and control the activation and expansion of autoreactive CD4+ T effector cells through an anti-inflammatory response, Th17 cells, in an exacerbated unregulated proinflammatory response, can promote autoimmunity. Despite such apparently opposite functions, Th17 and Treg cells share common characteristics, and their differentiation pathways are interconnected. Recent studies have revealed quite intricate relations between Treg and Th17 cells in HIV infection and progression to AIDS. Considering Treg cells, different subsets were already investigated in the context of HIV infection, indicating a fluctuation in the total number and frequency throughout the disease course. This review focuses on the recent findings regarding the role of regulatory T and Th17 cells in the context of HIV infection, highlighting the importance of the balance between these two subsets on disease progression.
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Nader-Macías MEF, Juárez Tomás MS. Profiles and technological requirements of urogenital probiotics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 92:84-104. [PMID: 25858665 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics, defined as live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host, are considered a valid and novel alternative for the prevention and treatment of female urogenital tract infections. Lactobacilli, the predominant microorganisms of the healthy human vaginal microbiome, can be included as active pharmaceutical ingredients in probiotics products. Several requirements must be considered or criteria fulfilled during the development of a probiotic product or formula for the female urogenital tract. This review deals with the main selection criteria for urogenital probiotic microorganisms: host specificity, potential beneficial properties, functional specifications, technological characteristics and clinical trials used to test their effect on certain physiological and pathological conditions. Further studies are required to complement the current knowledge and support the clinical applications of probiotics in the urogenital tract. This therapy will allow the restoration of the ecological equilibrium of the urogenital tract microbiome as well as the recovery of the sexual and reproductive health of women.
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Falivene J, Ghiglione Y, Laufer N, Socías ME, Holgado MP, Ruiz MJ, Maeto C, Figueroa MI, Giavedoni LD, Cahn P, Salomón H, Sued O, Turk G, Gherardi MM. Th17 and Th17/Treg ratio at early HIV infection associate with protective HIV-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses and disease progression. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11511. [PMID: 26099972 PMCID: PMC4477236 DOI: 10.1038/srep11511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze Th17 and Treg subsets and their correlation with anti-HIV T-cell responses and clinical parameters during (acute/early) primary HIV infection (PHI) and up to one year post-infection (p.i). Samples from 14 healthy donors (HDs), 40 PHI patients, 17 Chronics, and 13 Elite controllers (ECs) were studied. The percentages of Th17 and Treg subsets were severely altered in Chronics, whereas all HIV-infected individuals (including ECs) showed Th17/Treg imbalance compared to HDs, in concordance with higher frequencies of activated CD8+ T-cells (HLA-DR+/CD38+). Better clinical status (higher CD4 counts, lower viral loads and activation) was associated with higher Th17 and lower Treg levels. We found positive correlations between Th17 at baseline and anti-HIV CD8+ T-cell functionality: viral inhibitory activity (VIA) and key polyfunctions (IFN-γ+/CD107A/B+) at both early and later times p.i, highlighting the prognostic value of Th17 cells to preserve an effective HIV T-cell immunity. Th17/Treg ratio and the IL-17 relative mean fluorescence intensity (rMFI of IL-17) were also positively correlated with VIA. Taken together, our results suggested a potential link between Th17 and Th17/Treg ratio with key HIV-specific CD8+ T-cell responses against the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Falivene
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yanina Ghiglione
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Laufer
- 1] Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina [2] Hospital J.A. Fernández, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - María Pía Holgado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Julia Ruiz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cynthia Maeto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Luis D Giavedoni
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Pedro Cahn
- 1] Fundación Huésped, Buenos Aires, Argentina [2] Hospital J.A. Fernández, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Horacio Salomón
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Omar Sued
- Fundación Huésped, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Turk
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Magdalena Gherardi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Lu ZH, Huang XP, Sun W, Zhu YL, Cui JJ, Chen W, Huang LH, Kuai SG, Du HJ, Ju ZX, Gan JH. T helper cell dysregulation with hepatitis B and rebalance with glucocorticoids. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:18354-18359. [PMID: 25561802 PMCID: PMC4277972 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i48.18354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Revised: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate T helper 17/regulatory T cell alterations in early severe hepatitis B and the effect of glucocorticoids.
METHODS: The study included 20 patients in the early stage of severe hepatitis B (SHB) and 11 healthy controls. All patients had elevated T helper 17 (Th17) levels, decreased regulatory T (Treg) cell levels, and significant Th17/Treg ratios.
RESULTS: After glucocorticoid treatment, 16 patients showed improvement with significant decreases in Th17 levels, increases in Treg, and rebalanced Th17/Treg ratios. The four patients who showed no improvement had increases in both Th17 and Treg levels and an even higher Th17/Treg ratio than before.
CONCLUSION: Glucocorticoid treatment can rectify Th17/Treg dysregulation in patients with SHB.
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