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Chavoshpour-Mamaghani S, Shoja Z, Jalilvand S. The Prevalence of Epstein-Barr Virus in Normal, Premalignant, and Malignant Uterine Cervical Samples in Iran. Intervirology 2024; 67:64-71. [PMID: 38621370 PMCID: PMC11251647 DOI: 10.1159/000538734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is suggested that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) may play an important role in cervical cancer development. Most studies found a higher rate of EBV in cervical cancer samples in comparison to premalignant and normal groups. In this regard, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of EBV in cervical samples. METHODS In total, 364 samples from 179 healthy subjects, 124 women with premalignant lesions, and 61 patients with cervical cancer were investigated using nested-PCR. RESULTS The mean age ± SE was 54.1 ± 13.4 in women with cervical cancer, 36.1 ± 9.4 among women with premalignant lesions, and 36.6 ± 11.5 in healthy individuals. In total, 290 out of 364 samples were human papillomavirus (HPV) positive and the following HPV genotypes were detected among them: HPV 16/18 was found in 43.1%, 23.9%, and 65.5% of normal, premalignant, and malignant samples, respectively, and other high-risk types were detected in 56.9% of normal, 76.1% of premalignant, and 34.5% of malignant samples. The prevalence of EBV was found to be 9.8%, 2.4%, and 2.8% in cervical cancer, premalignant lesions, and normal specimens, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.028). The overall frequency of coinfection between EBV and HPV was shown to be 3.6%. The coinfection was more prevalent among HPV 16/18-infected samples than other high-risk HPVs (6.6 vs. 2.9%) although the difference was not reached a statistically significant difference (p = 0.23). CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that EBV could play an important role as a cofactor in the progression of cervical cancer. However, future studies with larger sample sizes and the expression analysis of EBV transcripts or proteins are mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Somayeh Jalilvand
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Emeribe AU, Abdullahi IN, Etukudo MH, Isong IK, Emeribe AO, Nwofe JO, Umeozuru CM, Shuaib BI, Ajagbe ORO, Dangana A, Egenti BN, Ghamba PE. The pattern of human papillomavirus infection and genotypes among Nigerian women from 1999 to 2019: a systematic review. Ann Med 2021; 53:944-959. [PMID: 34124973 PMCID: PMC8205070 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2021.1938201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are no robust national prevalence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes in Nigerian women despite the high burden of cervical cancer morbidity and mortality. THE OBJECTIVE OF STUDY This study aims to determine the pooled prevalence and risk factors of genital HPV infection in Nigeria through a systemic review protocol. METHODS Databases including PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and AJOL were searched between 10 April to 28 July 2020. HPV studies on Nigerian females and published from April 1999 to March 2019 were included. GRADE was used to assess the quality of evidence. RESULTS The pooled prevalence of cervical HPV was 20.65% (95%CI: 19.7-21.7). Genotypes 31 (70.8%), 35 (69.9%) and 16 (52.9%) were the most predominant HPV in circulation. Of the six geopolitical zones in Nigeria, northeast had the highest pooled prevalence of HPV infection (48.1%), while the least was in the north-west (6.8%). After multivariate logistic regression, duration (years) of sexual exposure (OR = 3.24, 95%CI: 1.78-9.23]), history of other malignancies (OR = 1.93, 95%CI: 1.03-2.97]), history of sexually transmitted infection (OR = 2.45, 95% CI: 1.31-3.55]), coital frequency per week (OR = 5.11, 95%CI: 3.86-14.29), the status of circumcision of the sexual partner (OR = 2.71, 95%CI: 1.62-9.05), and marital status (OR = 1.72, 95%CI: 1.16-4.72), were significant risk factors of HPV infection (p < 0.05). Irregular menstruation, post-coital bleeding and abdominal vaginal discharge were significantly associated with HPV infection (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION HPV prevalence is high in Nigeria and was significantly associated with several associated risk factors. Rapid screening for high-risk HPV genotypes is recommended and multivalent HPV vaccines should be considered for women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Uchenna Emeribe
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Idris Nasir Abdullahi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Maisie Henrietta Etukudo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Idongesit Kokoabasi Isong
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Anthony Ogbonna Emeribe
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | | | - Chikodi Modesta Umeozuru
- Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, African Field Epidemiology Network, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Buhari Isa Shuaib
- Antiretroviral Therapy Laboratory, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria
| | | | - Amos Dangana
- Department of Medical Laboratory Services, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | - Peter Elisha Ghamba
- WHO National Polio Reference Laboratory, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria
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Hosseini N, Shoja Z, Arashkia A, Khodadadi AH, Jalilvand S. Lineage analysis of human papillomavirus type 39 in cervical samples of Iranian women. Virol J 2021; 18:152. [PMID: 34294082 PMCID: PMC8296747 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-021-01619-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The data with regards to the regional variants of distinct HPV types is of great value. Accordance with this, this study aimed to investigate the sequence variations of E6 gene and long control region of HPV 39 among normal, premalignant and malignant cervical samples in order to characterize the frequent HPV 39 variants circulating in Tehran, Iran. Methods In total, 70 cervical samples (45 normal, 16 premalignant, and 9 malignant samples) infected with HPV 39 were analyzed by nested-PCR and sequencing. Results Our results revealed that all samples belonged to A lineage. Almost all sequences (98.6%) were classified in A1 sublineage and only one sample (1.4%) was A2 sub lineage. Conclusions Our findings showed that lineages A, sublineage A1, is dominant in Tehran, Iran. However, the small sample size was the most important limitations of this study. Further studies with larger sample size from different geographical regions of Iran are necessary to estimate the pathogenicity risk of HPV 39 variants in this population. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12985-021-01619-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Hosseini
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14155, Iran
| | | | - Arash Arashkia
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir-Hossein Khodadadi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14155, Iran
| | - Somayeh Jalilvand
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14155, Iran.
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Chavoshpour-Mamaghani S, Shoja Z, Mollaei-Kandelous Y, Sharifian K, Jalilvand S. The prevalence of human herpesvirus 8 in normal, premalignant, and malignant cervical samples of Iranian women. Virol J 2021; 18:144. [PMID: 34246302 PMCID: PMC8272328 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-021-01614-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regard to this fact that the main transmission route of HPV and HHV-8 is via sexual activity, it is reasonable to speculate that coinfection of HPV and HHV-8 may have been played an important role in the development of cervical cancer. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of HHV-8 and the frequency of HPV and HHV-8 coinfection in cervical samples of patients with cervical cancer and healthy individuals. METHODS In total, 364 samples from 61 patients with cervical cancer, 124 women with premalignant lesions, and 179 healthy individuals were investigated by nested-PCR. RESULTS The frequency of HHV-8 was found to be 22.9%, 17.7%, and 14.5% in cervical cancer, premalignant lesions, and normal specimens, respectively (P = 0.308). The overall prevalence of coinfection between HHV-8 and HPV was shown to be 16.2%. The HPV prevalence was higher in HHV-8 positive samples than HHV-8 negative specimens in all three studied groups and this difference was reached a statistically significant level (P = 0.002). However, no significant differences were found between HHV-8 positivity and HPV genotypes (P = 0.08). CONCLUSIONS Our results showed the higher rate of HHV-8 genome detection in cervical cancer group than control group. However, future studies with larger sample sizes and evaluation of expression of HHV-8 proteins are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Chavoshpour-Mamaghani
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14155, Iran
| | | | - Yaghoub Mollaei-Kandelous
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14155, Iran
| | - Kimia Sharifian
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14155, Iran
| | - Somayeh Jalilvand
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14155, Iran.
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Salavatiha Z, Farahmand M, Shoja Z, Jalilvand S. A meta-analysis of human papillomavirus prevalence and types among Iranian women with normal cervical cytology, premalignant lesions, and cervical cancer. J Med Virol 2021; 93:4647-4658. [PMID: 33694179 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, all data from Iran on human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence and types among women with normal cervical cytology, premalignant lesions, and cervical cancer were obtained and pooled. The overall HPV prevalence was found to be 9% in women with a normal cervix, 55% in atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or atypia cases, 58% and 69% in women with low and high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, respectively, and 81% among women with invasive cervical cancer. In all of the studied groups, HPV 16 was the most common HPV type, followed by HPV 18. In conclusion, this meta-analysis revealed that it will be beneficial if current HPV vaccines are integrated into the national vaccination programs of Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Salavatiha
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Farahmand
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Somayeh Jalilvand
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Genotype distribution of human papilloma virus among women with genital warts biopsies in southern Khorasan, eastern Iran. Meta Gene 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2020.100720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Fani M, Mahmoodi P, Emadzadeh M, Avan A, Karimi E, Ferns GA, Rezayi M, Amiri IS. Correlation of human papillomavirus 16 and 18 with cervical cancer and their diagnosis methods in Iranian women: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Curr Probl Cancer 2020; 44:100493. [DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Farahmand M, Shoja Z, Arashkia A, Salavatiha Z, Jalilvand S. Systematic review and meta-analysis of human papillomavirus prevalence and types among women with normal cervical cytology in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Future Virol 2019. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2018-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Aim: To predict the impact of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMRO), knowing the prevalence and type distribution of HPV are mandatory. Methods: This study investigated 26,536 women with normal cervical cytology based on the data available from 13 countries of EMRO. Results: The HPV prevalence estimated to be 9.3% (CI = 7.1–12.0). The five most frequent HPV types were HPV 16 (2.3%), 18 (0.7%), 6 (0.7%), 11 (0.6%) and 31 (0.5%). The prevalence of multiple infections of HPV was observed in 1.6% of all cases. Conclusion: The present meta-analysis provides a comprehensive summary of HPV type distribution in normal cervical cytology in EMRO region to estimate and predict the impact of HPV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Farahmand
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zabihollah Shoja
- Department of Molecular Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Arashkia
- Department of Molecular Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Salavatiha
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Jalilvand
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Shoja Z, Farahmand M, Hosseini N, Jalilvand S. A Meta-Analysis on Human Papillomavirus Type Distribution among Women with Cervical Neoplasia in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region. Intervirology 2019; 62:101-111. [PMID: 31527382 DOI: 10.1159/000502824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To date, the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has not been integrated into the national vaccination program of most countries of the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMRO), except for the United Arab Emirates and Libya. The knowledge of HPV genotype distribution in cervical neoplasia is valuable to predict the impact of current HPV vaccines on cancer prevention and can help the health policymakers to select the most appropriate vaccine types in their countries. METHODS Hence, this meta-analysis recapitulates all available data on HPV prevalence and genotypes in women with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) I-III or low- and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL and HSIL, respectively), and invasive cervical cancer (ICC) in EMRO countries. RESULTS The meta-analysis included 5,990 cases of cervical precancer and cancer. The overall HPV prevalence was 85.4, 71.3, 59.2, and 34.8% in women with ICC, CIN II-III or HSIL, CIN I or LSIL, and ASCUS, respectively. HPV 16 was the most common genotype followed by HPV 18, representing 58 and 16.5% in ICC cases, respectively. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis showed that the introduction of current HPV vaccines into national vaccination programs and the establishment of comprehensive screening programs in EMRO countries is beneficial by preventing 74.5% of cervical neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Farahmand
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Hosseini
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Jalilvand
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
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