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Wang B, Cao B, Bei ZC, Xu L, Zhang D, Zhao L, Song Y, Wang H. Disulfide-incorporated lipid prodrugs of cidofovir: Synthesis, antiviral activity, and release mechanism. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 258:115601. [PMID: 37390509 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
The double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses represented by adenovirus and monkeypox virus, have attracted widespread attention due to their high infectivity. In 2022, the global outbreak of mpox (or monkeypox) has led to the declaration of a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. However, to date therapeutics approved for dsDNA virus infections remain limited and there are still no available treatments for some of these diseases. The development of new therapies for treating dsDNA infection is in urgent need. In this study, we designed and synthesized a series of novel disulfide-incorporated lipid conjugates of cidofovir (CDV) as potential candidates against dsDNA viruses including vaccinia virus (VACV) and adenovirus (AdV) 5. The structure-activity relationship analyses revealed that the optimum linker moiety was C2H4 and the optimum aliphatic chain length was 18 or 20 atoms. Among the synthesized conjugates, 1c exhibited more potency against VACV (IC50 = 0.0960 μM in Vero cells; IC50 = 0.0790 μM in A549 cells) and AdV5 (IC50 = 0.1572 μM in A549 cells) than brincidofovir (BCV). The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images revealed that the conjugates could form micelles in phosphate buffer. The stability studies in the GSH environment demonstrated that the formation of micelles in phosphate buffer might protect the disulfide bond from glutathione (GSH) reduction. The dominant means of the synthetic conjugates to liberate the parent drug CDV was by enzymatic hydrolysis. Furthermore, the synthetic conjugates remained sufficiently stable in simulated gastric fluid (SGF), simulated intestinal fluid (SIF), and pooled human plasma, which indicated the possibility for oral administration. These results indicated 1c may be a broad-spectrum antiviral candidate against dsDNA viruses with potential oral administration. Moreover, modification of the aliphatic chain attached to the nucleoside phosphonate group was involved as an efficient prodrug strategy for the development of potent antiviral candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baogang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Binwang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Zhu-Chun Bei
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Likun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Dongna Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Liangliang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Yabin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Hongquan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China.
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Sang Y, Zhang Z, Liu F, Lu H, Yu C, Sun H, Long J, Cao Y, Mai J, Miao Y, Wang X, Fang J, Wang Y, Huang W, Yang J, Wang S. Monkeypox virus quadrivalent mRNA vaccine induces immune response and protects against vaccinia virus. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:172. [PMID: 37117161 PMCID: PMC10144886 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01432-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Monkeypox has been declared a public health emergency by the World Health Organization. There is an urgent need for efficient and safe vaccines against the monkeypox virus (MPXV) in response to the rapidly spreading monkeypox epidemic. In the age of COVID-19, mRNA vaccines have been highly successful and emerged as platforms enabling rapid development and large-scale preparation. Here, we develop two MPXV quadrivalent mRNA vaccines, named mRNA-A-LNP and mRNA-B-LNP, based on two intracellular mature virus specific proteins (A29L and M1R) and two extracellular enveloped virus specific proteins (A35R and B6R). By administering mRNA-A-LNP and mRNA-B-LNP intramuscularly twice, mice induce MPXV specific IgG antibodies and potent vaccinia virus (VACV) specific neutralizing antibodies. Further, it elicits efficient MPXV specific Th-1 biased cellular immunity, as well as durable effector memory T and germinal center B cell responses in mice. In addition, two doses of mRNA-A-LNP and mRNA-B-LNP are protective against the VACV challenge in mice. And, the passive transfer of sera from mRNA-A-LNP and mRNA-B-LNP-immunized mice protects nude mice against the VACV challenge. Overall, our results demonstrate that mRNA-A-LNP and mRNA-B-LNP appear to be safe and effective vaccine candidates against monkeypox epidemics, as well as against outbreaks caused by other orthopoxviruses, including the smallpox virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Sang
- Bioinformatics center of AMMS, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Bioinformatics center of AMMS, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
| | - Fan Liu
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, 102629, P. R. China
| | - Haitao Lu
- Bioinformatics center of AMMS, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
| | - Changxiao Yu
- Bioinformatics center of AMMS, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
| | - Huisheng Sun
- Bioinformatics center of AMMS, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
| | - Jinrong Long
- Bioinformatics center of AMMS, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
| | - Yiming Cao
- Bioinformatics center of AMMS, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
| | - Jierui Mai
- Bioinformatics center of AMMS, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
| | - Yiqi Miao
- Bioinformatics center of AMMS, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Bioinformatics center of AMMS, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Fang
- Bioinformatics center of AMMS, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
| | - Youchun Wang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, 650031, P. R. China
| | - Weijin Huang
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, 102629, P. R. China.
| | - Jing Yang
- Bioinformatics center of AMMS, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China.
| | - Shengqi Wang
- Bioinformatics center of AMMS, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China.
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Wang J, Shahed-Ai-Mahmud M, Chen A, Li K, Tan H, Joyce R. An Overview of Antivirals against Monkeypox Virus and Other Orthopoxviruses. J Med Chem 2023; 66:4468-4490. [PMID: 36961984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
The current monkeypox outbreaks during the COVID-19 pandemic have reignited interest in orthopoxvirus antivirals. Monkeypox belongs to the Orthopoxvirus genus of the Poxviridae family, which also includes the variola virus, vaccinia virus, and cowpox virus. Two orally bioavailable drugs, tecovirimat and brincidofovir, have been approved for treating smallpox infections. Given their human safety profiles and in vivo antiviral efficacy in animal models, both drugs have also been recommended to treat monkeypox infection. To facilitate the development of additional orthopoxvirus antivirals, we summarize the antiviral activity, mechanism of action, and mechanism of resistance of orthopoxvirus antivirals. This perspective covers both direct-acting and host-targeting antivirals with an emphasis on drug candidates showing in vivo antiviral efficacy in animal models. We hope to speed the orthopoxvirus antiviral drug discovery by providing medicinal chemists with insights into prioritizing proper drug targets and hits for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Md Shahed-Ai-Mahmud
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Angelo Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Kan Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Haozhou Tan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Ryan Joyce
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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Silva-Júnior EFD. The 2022 Monkeypox outbreak: How the medicinal chemistry could help us? Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 73:117036. [PMID: 36183614 PMCID: PMC9534107 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.117036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edeildo Ferreira da Silva-Júnior
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, AC. Simões campus, 57072-970 Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil.
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Antiviral Compounds Screening Targeting HBx Protein of the Hepatitis B Virus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231912015. [PMID: 36233317 PMCID: PMC9569680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231912015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A functional cure of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection or HB antigen loss is rarely achieved by nucleos(t)ide analogs which target viral polymerase. HBx protein is a regulatory protein associated with HBV replication. We thought to identify antiviral compounds targeting HBx protein by analyzing HBx binding activity. Recombinant GST-tagged HBx protein was applied on an FDA-approved drug library chip including 1018 compounds to determine binding affinity by surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) using a PlexArray HT system. GST protein alone was used for control experiments. Candidate compounds were tested for anti-HBV activity as well as cell viability using HepG2.2.15.7 cells and HBV-infected human hepatocytes. Of the 1018 compounds screened, 24 compounds showed binding to HBx protein. Of the top 6 compounds with high affinity to HBx protein, tranilast was found to inhibit HBV replication without affecting cell viability using HepG2.2.15.7 cells. Tranilast also inhibited HBV infection using cultured human hepatocytes. Tranilast reduced HB antigen level dose-dependently. Overall, theSPRi screening assay identified novel drug candidates targeting HBx protein. Tranilast and its related compounds warrant further investigation for the treatment of HBV infection.
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Inhibitors of Nucleotide Biosynthesis as Candidates for a Wide Spectrum of Antiviral Chemotherapy. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081631. [PMID: 36014049 PMCID: PMC9413629 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging and re-emerging viruses have been a challenge in public health in recent decades. Host-targeted antivirals (HTA) directed at cellular molecules or pathways involved in virus multiplication represent an interesting strategy to combat viruses presently lacking effective chemotherapy. HTA could provide a wide range of agents with inhibitory activity against current and future viruses that share similar host requirements and reduce the possible selection of antiviral-resistant variants. Nucleotide metabolism is one of the more exploited host metabolic pathways as a potential antiviral target for several human viruses. This review focuses on the antiviral properties of the inhibitors of pyrimidine and purine nucleotide biosynthesis, with an emphasis on the rate-limiting enzymes dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) and inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) for which there are old and new drugs active against a broad spectrum of pathogenic viruses.
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Wen X, Zhang L, Zhao S, Liu Q, Guan W, Wu J, Zhang Q, Wen H, Huang W. High-Throughput Screening and Identification of Human Adenovirus Type 5 Inhibitors. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:767578. [PMID: 34976856 PMCID: PMC8718806 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.767578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adenovirus infections can develop into diffuse multi-organ diseases in young children and immunocompromised patients, and severe cases can lead to death. However, there are no approved antiviral drugs available to treat adenovirus diseases. In this study, a chemiluminescence-based, high-throughput screening (HTS) assay was developed and applied to screen human adenovirus 5(HAdV5)inhibitors from 1,813 approved drug library and 556 traditional Chinese medicine-sourced small-molecule compounds. We identified three compounds with in vitro anti-HAdV5 activities in the low-micromolar range (EC50 values 0.3-4.5 μM, selectivity index values 20-300) that also showed inhibitory effects on HAdV3. Cardamomin (CDM) had good anti-HAdV5 activity in vitro. Furthermore, three dilutions of CDM (150, 75, and 37.5 mg/kg/d) administered to BALB/c mouse models inhibited HAdV5-fluc infection at 1 day post-infection by 80% (p < 0.05), 76% (p < 0.05), and 58% (p < 0.05), respectively. HE-staining of pathological tissue sections of mice infected with a wildtype adenoviral strain showed that CDM had a protective effect on tissues, especially in the liver, and greatly inhibited virus-induced necrosis of liver tissue. Thus, CDM inhibits adenovirus replication in vivo and in vitro. This study established a high-throughput screening method for anti-HAdV5 drugs and demonstrated CDM to be a candidate for HAdV5 therapy, potentially providing a new treatment for patients infected with adenoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Wen
- Division of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC) and World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Beijing, China
- Department of Microbiological Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of China’s “13th Five-Year”, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Division of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC) and World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Division of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC) and World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyi Guan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajing Wu
- Division of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC) and World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Beijing, China
| | - Qiwei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongling Wen
- Department of Microbiological Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of China’s “13th Five-Year”, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Weijin Huang
- Division of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC) and World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Beijing, China
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Wu J, Cao S, Lei S, Liu Q, Li Y, Yu Y, Xie H, Li Q, Zhao X, Chen R, Huang W, Xiao X, Yu Y, Song D, Li Y, Wang Y. Clofazimine: A Promising Inhibitor of Rabies Virus. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:598241. [PMID: 33815101 PMCID: PMC8012719 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.598241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
With an almost 100% mortality rate, rabies virus (RABV) infection is a global concern. Limited post-exposure prophylaxis and lack of an effective treatment necessitate novel antiviral therapies against RABV. Here, using a high-throughput screening (HTS) method developed in our lab, 11 candidates with anti-RABV activity were identified from a library of 767 clinical drugs. Clofazimine (CFZ), an anti-leprosy drug, displayed an EC50 of 2.28 μM, and SI over 967 against RABV. Investigations into the underlying mechanisms revealed that CFZ targeted viral membrane fusion at the early stages of virus replication. Moreover, CFZ and Clofazimine salicylates (CFZS) exhibited elevated survival rates in vivo, compared with the positive control T-705. Thus, this study revealed CFZ as a promising drug against RABV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajing Wu
- Department of HIV/AIDS and Sex-transmitted Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.,Wuhan Institute of Biological Products, Hubei, China
| | - Shouchun Cao
- Department of Arboviral Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Lei
- Department of HIV/AIDS and Sex-transmitted Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of HIV/AIDS and Sex-transmitted Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yinghong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yueyang Yu
- Department of Arboviral Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of HIV/AIDS and Sex-transmitted Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Li
- Department of HIV/AIDS and Sex-transmitted Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ruifeng Chen
- Department of HIV/AIDS and Sex-transmitted Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Weijin Huang
- Department of HIV/AIDS and Sex-transmitted Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyue Xiao
- Institute for Reference Standards and Standardization, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yongxin Yu
- Department of Arboviral Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Danqing Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhua Li
- Department of Arboviral Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Youchun Wang
- Department of HIV/AIDS and Sex-transmitted Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
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