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Nascimento KCG, São Marcos BDF, Fontes PHB, Isídio BEDO, Leão SL, da Silva GRP, Lussón DB, dos Santos DL, Leal LRS, Espinoza BCF, de Macêdo LS, de França Neto PL, Silva AJD, Silva Neto JC, Santos VEP, de Freitas AC. HPV Detection in Breast Tumors and Associated Risk Factors in Northeastern Brazil. Cells 2024; 13:1132. [PMID: 38994984 PMCID: PMC11240692 DOI: 10.3390/cells13131132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer risk factors include lifestyle, genetic-hormonal influences, and viral infections. Human papillomavirus (HPV), known primarily as the etiological agent of cervical cancer, also appears active in breast carcinogenesis, as evidenced in our study of 56 patients from northeastern Brazil. We assessed the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics, correlating them with various breast cancer tumor types. HPV detection involved amplifying the L1 region, with viral load measured using the E2/E6 ratio and viral activity indicated by E5 oncogene expression. Predominantly, patients over 56 years of age with healthy lifestyles showed a high incidence of invasive ductal carcinoma and triple-negative breast cancer. HPV was detected in 35.7% of cases, mostly HPV16, which is associated with high viral loads (80 copies per cell) and significant E5 expression. These results hint at a possible link between HPV and breast carcinogenesis, necessitating further studies to explore this association and the underlying viral mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Antonio Carlos de Freitas
- Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235. Cidade Universitária Recife, Pernambuco, Recife 50670901, PE, Brazil; (K.C.G.N.); (B.d.F.S.M.); (P.H.B.F.); (B.E.d.O.I.); (S.L.L.); (G.R.P.d.S.); (D.B.L.); (D.L.d.S.); (L.R.S.L.); (B.C.F.E.); (L.S.d.M.); (P.L.d.F.N.); (A.J.D.S.); (J.C.S.N.); (V.E.P.S.)
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Qiu J, Hu F, Shao T, Guo Y, Dai Z, Nie H, Olasunkanmi OI, Qi Y, Chen Y, Lin L, Zhao W, Zhong Z, Wang Y. Blocking of EGFR Signaling Is a Latent Strategy for the Improvement of Prognosis of HPV-Induced Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:633794. [PMID: 34646755 PMCID: PMC8503613 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.633794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) virus, and its high-risk subtypes increase cancer risks. However, the mechanism of HPV infection and pathogenesis still remain unclear. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms and the pathogenesis of HPV are crucial in the prevention of HPV-related cancers. In this study, we analyzed cervix squamous cell carcinoma (CESC) and head and neck carcinoma (HNSC) combined data to investigate various HPV-induced cancer common features. We showed that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was downregulated in HPV-positive (HPV+) cancer, and that HPV+ cancer patients exhibited better prognosis than HPV-negative (HPV-) cancer patients. Our study also showed that TP53 mutation rate is lower in HPV+ cancer than in HPV- cancer and that TP53 can be modulated by HPV E7 protein. However, there was no significant difference in the expression of wildtype TP53 in both groups. Subsequently, we constructed HPV-human interaction network and found that EGFR is a critical factor. From the network, we also noticed that EGFR is regulated by HPV E7 protein and hsa-miR-944. Moreover, while phosphorylated EGFR is associated with a worse prognosis, EGFR total express level is not significantly correlated with prognosis. This indicates that EGFR activation will induce a worse outcome in HPV+ cancer patients. Further enrichment analysis showed that EGFR downstream pathway and cancer relative pathway are diversely activated in HPV+ cancer and HPV- cancer. In summary, HPV E7 protein downregulates EGFR that downregulates phosphorylated EGFR and inhibit EGFR-related pathways which in turn and consequently induce better prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfa Qiu
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Feifei Hu
- Department of Obstetrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tingting Shao
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuqiang Guo
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zongmao Dai
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Huanhuan Nie
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | | | - Yue Qi
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lexun Lin
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenran Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhaohua Zhong
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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