1
|
Le LKT, Chu MNT, Tate JE, Jiang B, Bowen MD, Esona MD, Gautam R, Jaimes J, Pham TPT, Huong NT, Anh DD, Trang NV, Parashar U. Genetic diversity of G9, G3, G8 and G1 rotavirus group A strains circulating among children with acute gastroenteritis in Vietnam from 2016 to 2021. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024; 118:105566. [PMID: 38316245 PMCID: PMC11299202 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Rotavirus group A (RVA) is the most common cause of severe childhood diarrhea worldwide. The introduction of rotavirus vaccination programs has contributed to a reduction in hospitalizations and mortality caused by RVA. From 2016 to 2021, we conducted surveillance to monitor RVA prevalence and genotype distribution in Nam Dinh and Thua Thien Hue (TT Hue) provinces where a pilot Rotavin-M1 vaccine (Vietnam) implementation took place from 2017 to 2020. Out of 6626 stool samples, RVA was detected in 2164 (32.6%) by ELISA. RT-PCR using type-specific primers were used to determine the G and P genotypes of RVA-positive specimens. Whole genome sequences of a subset of 52 specimens randomly selected from 2016 to 2021 were mapped using next-generation sequencing. From 2016 to 2021, the G9, G3 and G8 strains dominated, with detected frequencies of 39%, 23%, and 19%, respectively; of which, the most common genotypes identified were G9P[8], G3P[8] and G8P[8]. G1 strains re-emerged in Nam Dinh and TT Hue (29.5% and 11.9%, respectively) from 2020 to 2021. G3 prevalence decreased from 74% to 20% in TT Hue and from 21% to 13% in Nam Dinh province between 2017 and 2021. The G3 strains consisted of 52% human typical G3 (hG3) and 47% equine-like G3 (eG3). Full genome analysis showed substantial diversity among the circulating G3 strains with different backgrounds relating to equine and feline viruses. G9 prevalence decreased sharply from 2016 to 2021 in both provinces. G8 strains peaked during 2019-2020 in Nam Dinh and TT Hue provinces (68% and 46%, respectively). Most G8 and G9 strains had no genetic differences over the surveillance period with very high nucleotide similarities of 99.2-99.9% and 99.1-99.7%, respectively. The G1 strains were not derived from the RVA vaccine. Changes in the genotype distribution and substantial diversity among circulating strains were detected throughout the surveillance period and differed between the two provinces. Determining vaccine effectiveness against circulating strains over time will be important to ensure that observed changes are due to natural secular variation and not from vaccine pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ly K T Le
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam
| | - Mai N T Chu
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam
| | - Jacqueline E Tate
- United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Baoming Jiang
- United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Michael D Bowen
- United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Mathew D Esona
- United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Rashi Gautam
- United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Jose Jaimes
- United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Thao P T Pham
- Center for Research and Production of Vaccines and Biologicals, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen T Huong
- Center for Research and Production of Vaccines and Biologicals, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam
| | - Dang D Anh
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen V Trang
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam.
| | - Umesh Parashar
- United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mitra S, Lo M, Saha R, Deb AK, Debnath F, Miyoshi S, Dutta S, Chawla‐Sarkar M. Epidemiology of major entero‐pathogenic viruses and genetic characterization of Group A rotaviruses among children (≤5 years) with acute gastroenteritis in eastern India, 2018‐2020. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:758-783. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.15594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suvrotoa Mitra
- Division of Virology, ICMR‐National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P‐33, C.I.T. Road, Scheme‐XM, Beliaghata Kolkata India
| | - Mahadeb Lo
- Division of Virology, ICMR‐National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P‐33, C.I.T. Road, Scheme‐XM, Beliaghata Kolkata India
| | - Ritubrita Saha
- Division of Virology, ICMR‐National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P‐33, C.I.T. Road, Scheme‐XM, Beliaghata Kolkata India
| | - Alok K. Deb
- Division of Epidemiology, ICMR‐National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P‐33, C.I.T. Road Scheme‐XM, Beliaghata Kolkata India
| | - Falguni Debnath
- Division of Epidemiology, ICMR‐National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P‐33, C.I.T. Road Scheme‐XM, Beliaghata Kolkata India
| | - Shin‐Ichi Miyoshi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama University Okayama Japan
- Collaborative Research Centre of Okayama University for Infectious Disease ICMR‐National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P‐33, C.I.T. Road Scheme‐XM, Beliaghata Kolkata India
| | - Shanta Dutta
- Regional Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, ICMR‐National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P‐33, C.I.T. Road Scheme‐XM, Beliaghata Kolkata India
| | - Mamta Chawla‐Sarkar
- Division of Virology, ICMR‐National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P‐33, C.I.T. Road, Scheme‐XM, Beliaghata Kolkata India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cohet C, Cheuvart B, Moerman L, Bi D, Caplanusi A, Kariyappa M, Lalwani S, Mitra M, Sapru A, Saha S, Varughese P, Kompithra RZ, Gandhi S. A phase III randomized, open-label, non-inferiority clinical trial comparing liquid and lyophilized formulations of oral live attenuated human rotavirus vaccine (HRV) in Indian infants. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:4646-4653. [PMID: 34428112 PMCID: PMC8828117 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1960136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The human rotavirus vaccine (HRV; Rotarix, GSK) is available as liquid (Liq) and lyophilized (Lyo) formulations, but only Lyo HRV is licensed in India. In this phase III, randomized, open-label trial (NCT02141204), healthy Indian infants aged 6-10 weeks received 2 doses (1 month apart) of either Liq HRV or Lyo HRV. Non-inferiority of Liq HRV compared to Lyo HRV was assessed in terms of geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) of anti-RV immunoglobulin A (IgA), 1-month post-second dose (primary objective). Reactogenicity/safety were also evaluated. Seroconversion was defined as anti-RV IgA antibody concentration ≥20 units [U]/mL in initially seronegative infants (anti-RV IgA antibody concentration <20 U/mL) or ≥2-fold increase compared with pre-vaccination concentration in initially seropositive infants. Of the 451 enrolled infants, 381 (189 in Liq HRV and 192 in Lyo HRV group) were included in the per-protocol set. The GMC ratio (Liq HRV/Lyo HRV) was 0.93 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.65-1.34), with the lower limit of the 95% CI reaching ≥0.5, the pre-specified statistical margin for non-inferiority. In the Liq HRV and Lyo HRV groups, 42.9% and 44.3% (baseline) and 71.4% and 73.4% (1-month post-second dose) of infants had anti-RV IgA antibody concentration ≥20 U/mL, and overall seroconversion rates were 54.5% and 50.0%. Incidences of solicited and unsolicited adverse events were similar between groups and no vaccine-related serious adverse events were reported. Liq HRV was non-inferior to Lyo HRV in terms of antibody GMCs and showed similar reactogenicity/safety profiles, supporting the use of Liq HRV in Indian infants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mallesh Kariyappa
- Department of Pediatrics, Bangalore Medical College & Research Institute, Vani Vilas Women and Children Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - Sanjay Lalwani
- Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Hospital, Pune, India
| | - Monjori Mitra
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Child Health, Kolkata, India
| | - Amita Sapru
- Department of Pediatrics, KEM Hospital Research Centre, Pune, India
| | - Shruti Saha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - P.V. Varughese
- Department of Pediatrics, Christian Medical College, Ludhiana, India
| | - Rajeev Zachariah Kompithra
- Well Baby Immunisation Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Unit I, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shrestha J, Shrestha SK, Strand TA, Dudman S, Dembinski JL, Vikse R, Andreassen AK. Diversity of Rotavirus Strains in Children; Results From a Community-Based Study in Nepal. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:712326. [PMID: 34660624 PMCID: PMC8517221 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.712326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The objectives of this study were to describe the incidence and genetic diversity of Rotavirus (RV) infection among children up to 3 years of age in a community in Nepal. Methods: We investigated community-acquired cases of asymptomatic and symptomatic RV infections in children from birth to 36 months of age in a community-based birth cohort in Bhaktapur, Nepal. Monthly surveillance and diarrheal stool samples were collected from 240 children enrolled at birth, of which 238 completed the 3 years of follow-up. Samples were screened for rotavirus by Enzyme Immuno Assay (EIA). All RV screened positives were further genotyped by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for the capsid genes VP7 and VP4. Results: In total, 5,224 stool samples were collected from 238 children, followed from birth to 36 months of age. Diarrhea occurred in 92.4% (230/238) of all children in the cohort. During the 3 years study period, RV was more frequently seen in children with symptoms (7.6%) than in non-symptomatic children (0.8%). The highest RV detection rate was found in younger children between 3 and 21 months of age. Although rotavirus is known as winter diarrhea, it was detected throughout the year except in August. The highest positivity rate was observed in the months between December and March, with a peak in January. Four common G types were seen: G2 (30%), G1 (29%), G12 (19%), and G9 (16%). The most predominant genotypes seen were G2P[4] (30%), followed by G1P[8] (27.0%), G12P[6] (14.0%), G9P[8] (10%), and remaining were mixed, partial, and untyped. Conclusion: Our study confirms that rotavirus is a common cause of gastroenteritis in young children in the community. The prevalence and pathogenicity of rotavirus infection differed by age. There was substantial variability in circulating strains in the community samples compared to samples collected from hospitals. This shows the importance of including community-based surveillance systems to monitor the diversity of circulating rotavirus strains in Nepal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Shrestha
- Center for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Walter Reed/AFRIMS Research Unit Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Sanjaya K Shrestha
- Center for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Walter Reed/AFRIMS Research Unit Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Tor A Strand
- Center for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Susanne Dudman
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Rose Vikse
- Department of Virology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gupta S, Tiku VR, Gauhar M, Khatoon K, Ray P. Genetic diversity of G9 rotavirus strains circulating among diarrheic children in North India: A comparison with 116E rotavirus vaccine strain. Vaccine 2020; 39:646-651. [PMID: 33386177 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The parental rotavirus strain 116E (G9P[11]) used to generate Rotavac® vaccine was isolated in 1986 in New Delhi. Thenceforward, there is no comprehensive report on diversity of G9 rotavirus strains from 116E; therefore, the present study evaluates the VP7 gene sequence diversity of G9 strains (retrieved from GenBank) from different geographical regions (1987-2016). Additionally, 22 recently collected G9 strains from Himachal Pradesh and Delhi (2013-2016) were included in the phylogenetic analysis. Interestingly, unlike 116E which belong to lineage-II all other G9 rotavirus including these 22 samples clustered together in a separate lineage (III). Further, six amino acid substitutions including one novel, K143M (epitope 7-2) different from 116E were detected mostly in the neutralization epitopes of VP7 protein (neutralization escape mutants). Overall, the accumulation of identified substitutions in VP7 epitopes and evolution of G9 strains in India may have impact on Rotavac® efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shipra Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Vasundhara Razdan Tiku
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110023, India
| | - Mariyam Gauhar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Kahkashan Khatoon
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Pratima Ray
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110023, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Giri S, Kumar CPG, Khakha SA, Chawla-Sarkar M, Gopalkrishna V, Chitambar SD, Ray P, Venkatasubramanian S, Borkakoty BJ, Roy S, Bhat J, Dwibedi B, Das P, Paluru V, Ramani S, Babji S, Arora R, Mehendale SM, Gupte MD, Kang G. Diversity of rotavirus genotypes circulating in children < 5 years of age hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis in India from 2005 to 2016: analysis of temporal and regional genotype variation. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:740. [PMID: 33036575 PMCID: PMC7547507 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05448-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background From 2016, the Government of India introduced the oral rotavirus vaccine into the national immunization schedule. Currently, two indigenously developed vaccines (ROTAVAC, Bharat Biotech; ROTASIIL, Serum Institute of India) are included in the Indian immunization program. We report the rotavirus disease burden and the diversity of rotavirus genotypes from 2005 to 2016 in a multi-centric surveillance study before the introduction of vaccines. Methods A total of 29,561 stool samples collected from 2005 to 2016 (7 sites during 2005–2009, 3 sites from 2009 to 2012, and 28 sites during 2012–2016) were included in the analysis. Stools were tested for rotavirus antigen using enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Genotyping was performed on 65.8% of the EIA positive samples using reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to identify the G (VP7) and P (VP4) types. Multinomial logistic regression was used to quantify the odds of detecting genotypes across the surveillance period and in particular age groups. Results Of the 29,561 samples tested, 10,959 (37.1%) were positive for rotavirus. There was a peak in rotavirus positivity during December to February across all sites. Of the 7215 genotyped samples, G1P[8] (38.7%) was the most common, followed by G2P[4] (12.3%), G9P[4] (5.8%), G12P[6] (4.2%), G9P[8] (4%), and G12P[8] (2.4%). Globally, G9P[4] and G12P[6] are less common genotypes, although these genotypes have been reported from India and few other countries. There was a variation in the geographic and temporal distribution of genotypes, and the emergence or re-emergence of new genotypes such as G3P[8] was seen. Over the surveillance period, there was a decline in the proportion of G2P[4], and an increase in the proportion of G9P[4]. A higher proportion of mixed and partially typed/untyped samples was also seen more in the age group 0–11 months. Conclusions This 11 years surveillance highlights the high burden of severe rotavirus gastroenteritis in Indian children < 5 years of age before inclusion of rotavirus vaccines in the national programme. Regional variations in rotavirus epidemiology were seen, including the emergence of G3P[8] in the latter part of the surveillance. Having pre-introduction data is important to track changing epidemiology of rotaviruses, particularly following vaccine introduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sidhartha Giri
- Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.,Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Shainey Alokit Khakha
- Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mamta Chawla-Sarkar
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Subarna Roy
- National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
| | - Jyothi Bhat
- National Institute for Research in Tribal Health, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | | | - Pradeep Das
- Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Vijayachari Paluru
- Regional Medical Research Centre, Port Blair, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India
| | - Sasirekha Ramani
- Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.,Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sudhir Babji
- Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rashmi Arora
- Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India.,Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | | | - Mohan D Gupte
- Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Gagandeep Kang
- Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India. .,Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, Haryana, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|