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Kulkarni PS, Padmapriyadarsini C, Vekemans J, Bavdekar A, Gupta M, Kulkarni P, Garg B, Gogtay NJ, Tambe M, Lalwani S, Singh K, Munshi R, Meshram S, Selvavinayagam T, Pandey K, Bhimarasetty DM, Ramakrishnan S, Bhamare C, Dharmadhikari A, Budhawant C, Bonhomme CJ, Thakar M, Kurle SN, Kelly EJ, Gautam M, Gupta N, Panda S, Bhargava B, Poonawalla CS, Shaligram U, Kapse D, Gunale B. Seropersistence of SII-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (COVID-19 vaccine): 6-month follow-up of a randomized, controlled, observer-blind, phase 2/3 immuno-bridging study in Indian adults. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2304974. [PMID: 38512394 PMCID: PMC10962622 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2304974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
AZD1222 (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) is a replication-deficient adenoviral vectored coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) vaccine that is manufactured as SII-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 by the Serum Institute of India Pvt Ltd following technology transfer from Oxford University/AstraZeneca. The non-inferiority of SII-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 with AZD1222 was previously demonstrated in an observer-blind, phase 2/3 immuno-bridging study (trial registration: CTRI/2020/08/027170). In this analysis of immunogenicity and safety data 6 months post first vaccination (Day 180), 1,601 participants were randomized 3:1 to SII-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 or AZD1222 (immunogenicity/reactogenicity cohort n = 401) and 3:1 to SII-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 or placebo (safety cohort n = 1,200). Immunogenicity was measured by anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike (anti-S) binding immunoglobulin G and neutralizing antibody (nAb) titers. A decline in anti-S titers was observed in both vaccine groups, albeit with a greater decline in SII-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccinees (geometric mean titer [GMT] ratio [95% confidence interval (CI) of SII-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 to AZD1222]: 0.60 [0.41-0.87]). Consistent similar decreases in nAb titers were observed between vaccine groups (GMT ratio [95% CI]: 0.88 [0.44-1.73]). No cases of severe COVID-19 were reported following vaccination, while one case was observed in the placebo group. No causally related serious adverse events were reported through 180 days. No thromboembolic or autoimmune adverse events of special interest were reported. Collectively, these data illustrate that SII-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 maintained a high level of immunogenicity 6 months post-vaccination. SII-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 was safe and well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Johan Vekemans
- Formerly of: Clinical Development, Infection, Late-stage Development, Respiratory and Immunology (R&I), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Madhu Gupta
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Praveen Kulkarni
- Department of Community Medicine, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, India
| | - B.S. Garg
- Department of Community Medicine and Dr Sushila Nayar School of Public Health, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, India
| | - Nithya J. Gogtay
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Seth G S Medical College & KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Muralidhar Tambe
- Department of Community Medicine, B J Government Medical College and Sassoon General Hospitals, Pune, India
| | - Sanjay Lalwani
- Department of Pediatrics, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Medical College and Hospital, Pune, India
| | - Kiranjit Singh
- Jehangir Clinical Development Centre Pvt Ltd, Pune, India
| | - Renuka Munshi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, TN Medical College & BYL Nair Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Sushant Meshram
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Government Medical College, Nagpur, India
| | | | - Krishna Pandey
- Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | | | - S.R. Ramakrishnan
- Department of Clinical Research, Sri Ramchandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | | | | | | | - Cyrille J. Bonhomme
- Laboratory Services, Vaccines Sciences Lab, Clinical Research, PPD, Part of Thermo Fisher Scientific, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | | | - Elizabeth J. Kelly
- Formerly of: Translational Medicine, Vaccines and Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
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Singh V, S B, Lalwani S, Singh R, Singh P, Datta K, Mohanty N, Poddar S, Sodani R, Saha M, Mitra M. Evaluation of Pertussis Disease in Young Infants in India: A Hospital-Based Multicentric Observational Study. Indian J Pediatr 2024; 91:358-365. [PMID: 37378885 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-023-04700-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the incidence of laboratory-confirmed pertussis (LCP) among infants hospitalized with acute respiratory infections (ARIs) and meeting the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-recommended clinical case definition. METHODS An investigator-initiated active surveillance for clinically suspected cases (CSCs) of pertussis screened infants aged ≤6 mo hospitalized with ARIs during January 2020-April 2022 at seven centers across India. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect Bordetella pertussis in nasopharyngeal swabs. Infants were classified as having 'LCP' or 'probable pertussis' (PP). RESULTS Among 1102 screened infants, 400 participants met the CDC-2020 clinical case definition for pertussis. Of these, 34/400 (8.5%) had LCP and 46/400 (11.5%) had PP. The proportion of participants with LCP and PP was similar among infants aged 0-3 and 4-6 mo [LCP: 0-3 mo, 21/248 (~9%); 4-6 mo, 13/152 (~9%); PP: 0-3 mo, 30/248 (~12%); 4-6 mo, 16/152 (~11%)]. Cough illness lasted ≥2 wk in 3/34 (~9%) and 34/46 (~74%) participants with LCP and PP, respectively. Notably, 80% CSCs had neither LCP nor PP, and a respiratory pathogen apart from B. pertussis was detected in ~32%. Ventilation was required in 12 participants with LCP/PP. CONCLUSIONS In this first study from India based on revised CDC guidelines, the incidence of LCP was 8.5%; cough illness was not a predominant feature. Infants below the age appropriate for vaccination are prone to pertussis-related hospital admissions, ICU care, and ventilation. Maternal immunization may be evaluated for neonatal protection, in addition to other strategies, to decrease disease burden in this highly vulnerable group. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER CTRI/2019/12/022449.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varinder Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Balasubramanian S
- Department of Pediatrics, Kanchi Kamakoti Childs Trust Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Sanjay Lalwani
- Department of Pediatrics, Bharathi Vidyapeeth Hospital, Pune, India
| | - Raghvendra Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Priti Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Kalpana Datta
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College & Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - Nimain Mohanty
- Department of Pediatrics, MGM Medical College, Mumbai, India
| | - Sumon Poddar
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Child Health, Kolkata, India
| | - Ravitanaya Sodani
- Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Manipa Saha
- Department of Medical Affairs, Medclin Research Private Limited, Kolkata, India
| | - Monjori Mitra
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Child Health, 11 Biresh Guha Street, Kolkata, 700017, India.
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Sharma H, Parekh S, Pujari P, Shewale S, Desai S, Kawade A, Lalwani S, Ravi MD, Kamath V, Mahopatra J, Kulkarni G, Tayade D, Ramanan PV, Uttam KG, Rawal L, Gawande A, Kumar NR, Tiple N, Vagha J, Thakkar P, Khandgave P, Deshmukh BJ, Agarwal A, Dogar V, Gautam M, Jaganathan KS, Kumar R, Sharma I, Gairola S. A phase III randomized-controlled study of safety and immunogenicity of DTwP-HepB-IPV-Hib vaccine (HEXASIIL ®) in infants. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:41. [PMID: 38383584 PMCID: PMC10881502 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00828-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
A fully liquid hexavalent containing Diphtheria (D), Tetanus (T) toxoids, whole cell Pertussis (wP), Hepatitis B (Hep B), type 1, 2, 3 of inactivated poliovirus (IPV) and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine (DTwP-HepB-IPV-Hib vaccine, HEXASIIL®) was tested for lot-to-lot consistency and non-inferiority against licensed DTwP-HepB-Hib + IPV in an open label, randomized Phase II/III study. In Phase III part, healthy infants received DTwP-HepB-IPV-Hib or DTwP-HepB-Hib + IPV vaccines at 6, 10 and 14 weeks of age. Blood samples were collected prior to the first dose and 28 days, post dose 3. Non inferiority versus DTwP-HepB-Hib + IPV was demonstrated with 95% CIs for the treatment difference for seroprotection/seroconversion rates. For DTwP-HepB-IPV-Hib lots, limits of 95% CI for post-vaccination geometric mean concentration ratios were within equivalence limits (0.5 and 2). Vaccine was well-tolerated and no safety concerns observed.Clinical Trial Registration - CTRI/2019/11/022052.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitt Sharma
- Department of Clinical Research and Pharmacovigilance, Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., Pune, India.
| | - Sameer Parekh
- Department of Clinical Research and Pharmacovigilance, Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., Pune, India
| | - Pramod Pujari
- Department of Clinical Research and Pharmacovigilance, Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., Pune, India
| | - Sunil Shewale
- Department of Clinical Research and Pharmacovigilance, Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., Pune, India
| | - Shivani Desai
- Department of Clinical Research and Pharmacovigilance, Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., Pune, India
| | - Anand Kawade
- Department of Pediatrics, KEM Hospital Research Centre, Vadu, Pune, India
| | - Sanjay Lalwani
- Department of Pediatrics, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Medical College & Hospital, Pune, India
| | - M D Ravi
- Department of Pediatrics, JSS Hospital, Mysuru, India
| | - Veena Kamath
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Jagannath Mahopatra
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamdard Institute of Medical Science and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Ganesh Kulkarni
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanjeevani Children's Hospital, Aurangabad, India
| | - Deepak Tayade
- Department of Pediatrics, Mahatma Gandhi Mission's Medical College and Hospital, Aurangabad, India
| | | | | | - Lalit Rawal
- Department of Pediatrics, Grant Medical Foundation Ruby Hall Clinic, Pune, India
| | - Avinash Gawande
- Department of Pediatrics, Government Medical College and Hospital, Nagpur, India
| | - N Ravi Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Niloufer Hospital, Hyderabad, India
| | - Nishikant Tiple
- Department of Pediatrics, Government Medical College, Chandrapur, India
| | - Jayant Vagha
- Department of Pediatrics, Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital, Wardha, India
| | | | | | | | - Anurag Agarwal
- Department of Pediatrics, Maulana Azad Medical College and Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Vikas Dogar
- Department of Quality Control, Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd, Pune, India
| | - Manish Gautam
- Department of Quality Control, Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd, Pune, India
| | - K S Jaganathan
- Production Department, Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd, Pune, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Production Department, Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd, Pune, India
| | - Inderjit Sharma
- Production Department, Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd, Pune, India
| | - Sunil Gairola
- Department of Quality Control, Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd, Pune, India
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Rao M IS, Kasi SG, Dhir SK, Wadhwa A, Rajsekhar B, Kumar CM, Lalwani S, Shenoy B, Kesavan TMA, Kalyani S, Khadke R, Chatarjee K, Kinjawadekar U, Saxena V, Basavaraja GV. Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) Advisory Committee on Vaccines and Immunization Practices (ACVIP): Recommended Immunization Schedule (2023) and Update on Immunization for Children Aged 0 Through 18 Years. Indian Pediatr 2024; 61:113-125. [PMID: 38243749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
JUSTIFICATION In view of new developments in vaccinology and the availability of new vaccines, there is a need to revise/review the existing immunization recommendations. PROCESS The Advisory Committee on Vaccines and Immunization Practices (ACVIP) of Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) had a physical meeting on March 25, 2023, at Vaccicon, Kolkata, followed by online meetings to discuss the updates and new recommendations. Opinion of each member was sought on the various recommendations and updates, following which an evidence-based consensus was reached. The contents were finalized on September 8, 2023, during the National Conference of Pediatric - Infectious Diseases (NCPID) at Aurangabad. An online meeting of all members was held on November 15, 2023 and the recommendations were finalized. Objectives To review and revise the IAP immunization recommendations of 2020-21 and issue recommendations on existing and new vaccines. RECOMMENDATIONS The major changes include recommendation of HPV vaccine for boys; a 2-dose schedule of 9vHPV for boys and girls aged 9-14 y; a dose of Td vaccine at 16-18 y; guidance for injectable polio vaccine (IPV) for those patients who are changing from National Immunization Program to IAP schedule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indra Shekhar Rao M
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Navodaya Hospitals, Secunderabad, Telangana, India. Correspondence to: Dr. Indra Shekhar Rao M, Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Navodaya Hospitals, Secunderabad, Telangana, India.
| | | | - Shashi Kant Dhir
- Department of Pediatrics, Guru Gobind Singh Medical College, Faridkot, Punjab, India
| | | | - B Rajsekhar
- OMNI RK Hospital, Ram Nagar, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Sanjay Lalwani
- Department of Pediatrics, Bharti Vidyapeeth Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bhaskar Shenoy
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Manipal Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - T M Ananda Kesavan
- Department of Pediatrics, Government Medical College, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Srinivas Kalyani
- Department of Pediatrics, Niloufer Hospital, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | | | - Upendra Kinjawadekar
- Director, Kamlesh Mother and Child Hospital, Nerul, and Consultant Pediatrician, Apollo Hospitals, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vineet Saxena
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Anand Hospital, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - G V Basavaraja
- Department of Pediatrics, IGICH, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Sharma H, Parekh S, Pujari P, Shewale S, Desai S, Bhatla N, Joshi S, Pimple S, Kawade A, Balasubramani L, Thomas A, Suri V, Lalwani S, Uday R, Kamath V, Mandal R, Rajeswar A, Peedicayil A, Poli UR, Banerjee D, Sankaranarayanan R, Basu P, Muwonge R, Gairola S, Dogar V, Rao H, Shaligram U. Immunogenicity and safety of a new quadrivalent HPV vaccine in girls and boys aged 9-14 years versus an established quadrivalent HPV vaccine in women aged 15-26 years in India: a randomised, active-controlled, multicentre, phase 2/3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2023; 24:1321-1333. [PMID: 37949086 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(23)00480-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To meet global cervical cancer elimination efforts, a wider range of affordable and accessible vaccines against human papillomavirus (HPV) are needed. We aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of a quadrivalent HPV vaccine (targeting HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18), developed and manufactured by the Serum Institute of India (SIIPL). Here we report outcomes in the 9-14 years cohort. METHODS This randomised, active-controlled, phase 2/3 trial was conducted at 12 tertiary care hospitals across India. Healthy participants aged 9-14 years or 15-26 years with no history of HPV vaccination were eligible for enrolment. Female participants were randomly assigned (1:1) with an interactive web response system, by use of a central computer-generated schedule and block randomisation (block sizes of 2, 4, 6, and 8), to receive the SIIPL quadrivalent HPV vaccine (Cervavac; SIIPL, Pune, India) or the comparator quadrivalent HPV vaccine (Gardasil; Merck Sharp & Dohme, Harleem, the Netherlands). Participants, investigators, laboratory technicians, and sponsors were masked to treatment allocation of female participants. Male participants were given the SIIPL quadrivalent HPV vaccine in an open-label manner. Study vaccines were administered intramuscularly with a two-dose schedule (at day 0 and 6 months) in the cohort aged 9-14 years, and with a three-dose schedule (at day 0, month 2, and month 6) in the cohort aged 15-26-years. Immunogenicity was assessed 30 days after the last dose by use of multiplexed ELISA. The primary outcome was the non-inferiority of immune response in terms of the geometric mean titre (GMT) of antibodies against HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18 generated by the SIIPL quadrivalent HPV vaccine in girls and boys (aged 9-14 years) compared with the GMT generated by the comparator quadrivalent HPV vaccine in women aged 15-26 years at month 7 in the modified per-protocol population (ie, all participants who received all doses of study vaccines per assigned treatment group and had both day 0 and 1-month immunogenicity measurements after the last dose following protocol-defined window periods with no major protocol deviations). Non-inferiority was established if the lower bound of the 98·75% CI of the GMT ratio was 0·67 or higher. The co-primary outcome of occurrence of solicited adverse events (within 7 days of each dose) and unsolicited adverse events (up to 30 days after the last dose) was assessed in all participants who were enrolled and received at least one dose of study vaccine. The trial is registered with the Clinical Trials Registry - India (CTRI/2018/06/014601), and long-term follow-up is ongoing. FINDINGS Between Sept 20, 2018, and Feb 9, 2021, 2341 individuals were screened, of whom 2307 eligible individuals were enrolled and vaccinated: 1107 (738 girls and 369 boys) in the cohort aged 9-14 years and 1200 (819 women and 381 men) in the cohort aged 15-26 years. No race or ethnicity data were collected. 350 girls and 349 boys in the SIIPL quadrivalent HPV vaccine group and 338 women in the comparator vaccine group were included in the modified per-protocol population for the primary endpoint analysis. The median follow-up for the analyses was 221 days (IQR 215-231) for girls and 222 days (217-230) for boys in the SIIPL quadrivalent HPV vaccine group, 223 days (216-232) for girls in the comparator vaccine group, and 222 days (216-230) for women in the comparator vaccine group. GMT ratios were non-inferior in girls and boys receiving the SIIPL quadrivalent HPV vaccine compared with women receiving the comparator vaccine: GMT ratios for girls were 1·97 (98·75% CI 1·67-2·32) for HPV type 6, 1·63 (1·38-1·91) for HPV type 11, 1·90 (1·60-2·25) for HPV type 16, and 2·16 (1·79-2·61) for HPV type 18. For boys the GMT ratios were 1·86 (1·57-2·21) for HPV type 6, 1·46 (1·23-1·73) for HPV type 11, 1·62 (1·36-1·94) for HPV type 16, and 1·80 (1·48-2·18) for HPV type 18. The safety population comprised all 1107 participants (369 girls and 369 boys in the SIIPL quadrivalent HPV vaccine group, and 369 girls in the comparator group). Solicited adverse events occurred in 176 (48%) of 369 girls and 124 (34%) of 369 boys in the SIIPL vaccine group and 179 (49%) of 369 girls in the comparator vaccine group. No grade 3-4 solicited adverse events occurred within 7 days of each dose. Unsolicited adverse events occurred in 143 (39%) girls and 147 (40%) boys in the SIIPL vaccine group, and 143 (39%) girls in the comparator vaccine group. The most common grade 3 unsolicited adverse event was dengue fever, in one (<1%) girl in the SIIPL vaccine group and three (1%) girls in the comparator group. There were no grade 4 or 5 adverse events. Serious adverse events occurred in three (1%) girls and three (1%) boys in the SIIPL vaccine group, and five (1%) girls in the comparator vaccine group. No vaccine-related serious adverse events were reported. There were no treatment-related deaths. INTERPRETATION We observed a non-inferior immune response with the SIIPL quadrivalent HPV vaccine in girls and boys aged 9-14 years and an acceptable safety profile compared with the comparator vaccine. These findings support extrapolation of efficacy from the comparator vaccine to the SIIPL quadrivalent HPV vaccine in the younger population. The availability of the SIIPL quadrivalent HPV vaccine could help meet the global demand for HPV vaccines, and boost coverage for both girls and boys globally. FUNDING Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council, Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Government of India, and Serum Institute of India.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Neerja Bhatla
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Sharmila Pimple
- Tata Memorial Hospital & Cancer Research Institute, Mumbai, India
| | | | | | | | - Vanita Suri
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sanjay Lalwani
- Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College & Hospital, Pune, India
| | - Rajini Uday
- M S Ramaiah Medical College & Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - Veena Kamath
- Kasturba Medical College and TMA Pai Hospital, Manipal, India
| | | | - A Rajeswar
- MNJ Institute of Oncology & Regional Cancer Centre, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Usha Rani Poli
- MNJ Institute of Oncology & Regional Cancer Centre, Hyderabad, India
| | | | | | - Partha Basu
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, Lyon, France
| | - Richard Muwonge
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, Lyon, France
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Kulkarni PS, Gunale B, Kohli S, Lalwani S, Tripathy S, Kar S, Raut S, Kulkarni P, Apte A, Bavdekar A, Bhalla HL, Plested JS, Cloney-Clark S, Zhu M, Kalkeri R, Pryor M, Hamilton S, Thakar M, Sannidhi RS, Baranwal P, Bhamare C, Dharmadhikari A, Gupta M, Poonawalla CS, Shaligram U, Kapse D. A Phase 3, randomized, non-inferiority study of a heterologous booster dose of SARS CoV-2 recombinant spike protein vaccine in adults. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16579. [PMID: 37789040 PMCID: PMC10547846 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43578-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to waning immunity following primary immunization with COVID-19 vaccines, booster doses may be required. The present study assessed a heterologous booster of SII-NVX-CoV2373 (spike protein vaccine) in adults primed with viral vector and inactivated vaccines. In this Phase 3, observer-blind, randomized, active controlled study, a total of 372 adults primed with two doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (n = 186) or BBV152 (n = 186) at least six months ago, were randomized to receive a booster of SII-NVX-CoV2373 or control vaccine (homologous booster of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 or BBV152). Anti-S IgG and neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) were assessed at days 1, 29, and 181. Non-inferiority (NI) of SII-NVX-CoV2373 to the control vaccine was assessed based on the ratio of geometric mean ELISA units (GMEU) of anti-S IgG and geometric mean titers (GMT) of nAbs (NI margin > 0.67) as well as seroresponse (≥ 2 fold-rise in titers) (NI margin -10%) at day 29. Safety was assessed throughout the study period. In both the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 prime and BBV152 prime cohorts, 186 participants each received the study vaccines. In the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 prime cohort, the GMEU ratio was 2.05 (95% CI 1.73, 2.43) and the GMT ratio was 1.89 (95% CI 1.55, 2.32) whereas the difference in the proportion of seroresponse was 49.32% (95% CI 36.49, 60.45) for anti-S IgG and 15% (95% CI 5.65, 25.05) for nAbs on day 29. In the BBV152 prime cohort, the GMEU ratio was 5.12 (95% CI 4.20, 6.24) and the GMT ratio was 4.80 (95% CI 3.76, 6.12) whereas the difference in the proportion of seroresponse was 74.08% (95% CI 63.24, 82.17) for anti-S IgG and 24.71% (95% CI 16.26, 34.62) for nAbs on day 29. The non-inferiority of SII-NVX-CoV2373 booster to the control vaccine for each prime cohort was met. SII-NVX-CoV2373 booster showed significantly higher immune responses than BBV152 homologous booster. On day 181, seroresponse rates were ≥ 70% in all the groups for both nAbs and anti-S IgG. Solicited adverse events reported were transient and mostly mild in severity in all the groups. No causally related SAE was reported. SII-NVX-CoV2373 as a heterologous booster induced non-inferior immune responses as compared to homologous boosters in adults primed with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and BBV152. SII-NVX-CoV2373 showed a numerically higher boosting effect than homologous boosters. The vaccine was also safe and well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad S Kulkarni
- Serum Institute of India Pvt Ltd, Manjari (Bk), Administration Building, Poonawalla Biotechnology Park SEZ, Taluka Haveli, Pune, India.
| | - Bhagwat Gunale
- Serum Institute of India Pvt Ltd, Manjari (Bk), Administration Building, Poonawalla Biotechnology Park SEZ, Taluka Haveli, Pune, India
| | - Sunil Kohli
- Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay Lalwani
- Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Medical College and Hospital, Pune, India
| | - Srikanth Tripathy
- Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, India
| | - Sonali Kar
- Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | | | | | - Aditi Apte
- KEM Hospital Research Centre-Community Health Research Unit, P.O. Manchar, Pune, India
| | - Ashish Bavdekar
- KEM Hospital Research Centre-Community Health Research Unit, P.O. Manchar, Pune, India
| | - Hira Lal Bhalla
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Gorakhpur, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chetanraj Bhamare
- Serum Institute of India Pvt Ltd, Manjari (Bk), Administration Building, Poonawalla Biotechnology Park SEZ, Taluka Haveli, Pune, India
| | - Abhijeet Dharmadhikari
- Serum Institute of India Pvt Ltd, Manjari (Bk), Administration Building, Poonawalla Biotechnology Park SEZ, Taluka Haveli, Pune, India
| | - Manish Gupta
- Serum Institute of India Pvt Ltd, Manjari (Bk), Administration Building, Poonawalla Biotechnology Park SEZ, Taluka Haveli, Pune, India
| | - Cyrus S Poonawalla
- Serum Institute of India Pvt Ltd, Manjari (Bk), Administration Building, Poonawalla Biotechnology Park SEZ, Taluka Haveli, Pune, India
| | - Umesh Shaligram
- Serum Institute of India Pvt Ltd, Manjari (Bk), Administration Building, Poonawalla Biotechnology Park SEZ, Taluka Haveli, Pune, India
| | - Dhananjay Kapse
- Serum Institute of India Pvt Ltd, Manjari (Bk), Administration Building, Poonawalla Biotechnology Park SEZ, Taluka Haveli, Pune, India
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7
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Godhamgaonkar AA, Wadhwani NS, Randhir KN, Selukar SS, Dalvi S, Dangat K, Wagh GN, Lalwani S, Chandhiok N, Kulkarni B, Fall C, Sachdev HPS, Gupte S, Joshi SR. Erythrocyte fatty acids and desaturase indices in early pregnancy are associated with risk of preeclampsia. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2023; 196:102583. [PMID: 37531787 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2023.102583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy disorder that may be associated with inadequate maternal nutrition. Fatty acids are vital for placental and fetal growth. Fatty acid desaturases, key enzymes influencing the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids, are reported to be associated with cardiometabolic risk. Any imbalance in the levels of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids can result in increased inflammatory response. The current study reports the levels of erythrocyte fatty acids and desaturase index across gestation in women who develop PE (n = 108) and compares them with non-PE women (n = 216). Maternal erythrocyte fatty acids were measured at 4 time points during pregnancy (i.e., 11-14, 18-22, 26-28 weeks and at delivery) using gas chromatography. Maternal total erythrocyte saturated fatty acids and omega-6/omega-3 fatty acid ratio was higher in the PE group as compared to the non-PE group at 11-14 weeks and 18-22 weeks respectively. Maternal Δ5 desaturase index was lower while Δ6 desaturase index was higher in the PE group at 11-14 and 18-22 weeks. Maternal stearoyl CoA desaturase-18 (SCD-18) index was lower at 11-14 weeks and at delivery. These changes were mainly observed in the early onset PE (EOP) group. Δ6 desaturase index at 11-14 weeks predicted the risk of EOP. Imbalance in fatty acid levels and desaturase indices predate the clinical diagnosis of PE, indicating their role in its pathophysiology. Measurement of fatty acids and desaturase indices in early pregnancy merits evaluation as predictors of risk of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Godhamgaonkar
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, 411043, India
| | - N S Wadhwani
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, 411043, India
| | - K N Randhir
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, 411043, India
| | - S S Selukar
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, 411043, India
| | - S Dalvi
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, 411043, India
| | - K Dangat
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, 411043, India
| | - G N Wagh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bharati Medical College and Hospital, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, 411043, India
| | - S Lalwani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bharati Medical College and Hospital, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, 411043, India
| | - N Chandhiok
- Division of Reproductive, Biology, Maternal and Child Health (RBMCH) and Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research - Headquarters, New Delhi, India
| | - B Kulkarni
- Division of Reproductive, Biology, Maternal and Child Health (RBMCH) and Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research - Headquarters, New Delhi, India
| | - C Fall
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - H P S Sachdev
- Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - S Gupte
- Gupte Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, 411004, India
| | - S R Joshi
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, 411043, India.
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8
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Dangat K, Wadhwani N, Randhir K, Poddar A, Gupte S, Wagh G, Lalwani S, Joshi S. Longitudinal profile of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in women with pre-eclampsia. Am J Reprod Immunol 2023; 90:e13741. [PMID: 37491921 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM C-reactive protein (CRP) is a marker for inflammation and its role as a possible biomarker for an early prediction of pre-eclampsia (PE) is unclear. The present study investigates the levels of high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) longitudinally across pregnancy in women with PE and compares them to women without PE (non-PE). METHOD OF STUDY A total of 324 pregnant women [216 non-PE and 108 PE women] were included in this study. Maternal blood was taken at four different intervals (V1 = 11-14 weeks, V2 = 18-22 weeks, V3 = 26-28 weeks, and V4 = at delivery). RESULTS Maternal serum hs-CRP levels were higher at V1, V2, and V3 (p < .05 for all) in the PE group compared to the non-PE group. The hs-CRP levels were associated with maternal blood pressure throughout pregnancy. Maternal hs-CRP levels did not differ among early and late onset PE. Higher maternal hs-CRP levels were associated with the increased risk of PE in unadjusted model in early pregnancy. However, there was no significance after adjusting for confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest although the levels of hs-CRP were higher in PE in early pregnancy, they are not associated with an increased risk of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamini Dangat
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nisha Wadhwani
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Karuna Randhir
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anupam Poddar
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sanjay Gupte
- Gupte Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Girija Wagh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bharati Medical College and Hospital, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sanjay Lalwani
- Department of Pediatrics, Bharati Medical College and Hospital, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sadhana Joshi
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, Maharashtra, India
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9
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Gunale B, Kapse D, Kar S, Bavdekar A, Kohli S, Lalwani S, Meshram S, Raut A, Kulkarni P, Samuel C, Munshi R, Gupta M, Plested JS, Cloney-Clark S, Zhu M, Pryor M, Hamilton S, Thakar M, Shete A, Dharmadhikari A, Bhamare C, Shaligram U, Poonawalla CS, Mallory RM, Glenn GM, Kulkarni PS. Safety and Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Recombinant Spike Protein Vaccine in Children and Adolescents in India: A Phase 2-3 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Pediatr 2023; 177:2807909. [PMID: 37523166 PMCID: PMC10391359 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.2552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Importance The recombinant COVID-19 vaccine NVX-CoV2373 has demonstrated efficacy of approximately 90% in adults; however, its safety and efficacy in children is unknown. Objective To assess the noninferiority of SII-NVX-CoV2373 in children and adolescents compared to adults and to evaluate its safety in comparison with placebo. Design, Setting, and Participants This phase 2-3 observer-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted in 2 cohorts, children (aged 2 to 11 years) and adolescents (aged 12 to 17 years) between August 2021 and August 2022. Participants were randomized 3:1 to SII-NVX-CoV2373 or placebo and monitored for 179 days. The participants, study team, and laboratory staff were blinded. This was a multicenter study conducted across 10 tertiary care hospitals in India. Exclusion criteria included previous COVID-19 infection or vaccination, immunocompromised condition, and immunosuppressive medications. Interventions Two doses of 0.5-mL SII-NVX-CoV2373 or placebo were administered intramuscularly on days 1 and 22. Main Outcomes and Measures Primary outcomes were geometric mean titer ratio of both anti-spike (anti-S) IgG and neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) between both pediatric age groups to that of adults on day 36. Noninferiority was concluded if the lower bound of 95% CI of this ratio was greater than 0.67 for each age group. Both the antibodies were assessed for the index strain and for selected variants at various time points. Solicited adverse events (AEs) were recorded for 7 days after each vaccination, unsolicited AEs were recorded for 35 days, and serious AEs and AEs of special interest were recorded for 179 days. Results A total of 460 children in each age cohort were randomized to receive vaccine or placebo. The mean (SD) age was 6.7 (2.7) years in the child cohort and 14.3 (1.6) years in the adolescent cohort; 231 participants (50.2%) in the child cohort and 218 in the adolescent cohort (47.4%) were female. Both anti-S IgG and NAb titers were markedly higher in the SII-NVX-CoV2373 group than in the placebo group on both day 36 and day 180. The geometric mean titer ratios compared to those in adults were 1.20 (95% CI, 1.08-1.34) and 1.52 (95% CI, 1.38-1.67) for anti-S IgG in adolescents and children, respectively; while for NAbs, they were 1.33 (95% CI, 1.17-1.50) and 1.93 (95% CI, 1.70-2.18) in adolescents and children, respectively, indicating noninferiority. SII-NVX-CoV2373 also showed immune responses against variants studied. Injection site reactions, fever, headache, malaise, and fatigue were common solicited AEs. There were no AEs of special interest and no causally related serious AEs. Conclusions and Relevance SII-NVX-CoV2373 was safe and well tolerated in children and adolescents in this study. The vaccine was highly immunogenic and may be used in pediatric vaccination against COVID-19. Trial Registration Clinical Trials Registry of India Identifier: CTRI/2021/02/031554.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sonali Kar
- Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ashish Bavdekar
- King Edward Memorial Hospital Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sunil Kohli
- Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research With Centre for Health Research and Development, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay Lalwani
- Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Medical College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sushant Meshram
- Super Speciality Hospital, Government Medical College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Abhishek Raut
- Sushila Nayar School of Public Health, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Praveen Kulkarni
- JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Clarence Samuel
- Christian Medical College & Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Renuka Munshi
- Topiwala National Medical College and Bai Yamunabai Laxman Nair Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Madhu Gupta
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Madhuri Thakar
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ashwini Shete
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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10
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Garland SM, Anagani M, Bhatla N, Chatterjee S, Lalwani S, Ross C, Group T, Lin J, Luxembourg A, Walia A, Tu Y. Immunogenicity and safety of quadrivalent and 9-valent human papillomavirus vaccines in Indian clinical trial participants. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2105067. [PMID: 35997582 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2105067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The quadrivalent human papillomavirus (qHPV; HPV6/11/16/18) and 9-valent HPV (9vHPV; HPV6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58) vaccines have demonstrated efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety in international clinical trials. We report outcomes from three completed clinical trials in India: a single-arm study (V501-029 [NCT00380367]) in Indian girls (aged 9-15 years; N = 110) evaluating qHPV vaccine immunogenicity and safety; a subgroup analysis (n = 225) of Indian girls/boys (9-15 years) and women (16-26 years) from a global study (V503-002 [NCT00943722]) evaluating 9vHPV vaccine immunogenicity and safety; and a qHPV vaccine post-marketing safety surveillance study (V501-125) in Indian females (aged 9-45 years; N = 188) vaccinated during routine care. In V501-029 and V503-002, HPV vaccines were administered as 3 doses (Day 1, Month 2, Month 6). Serum HPV antibodies were evaluated by competitive Luminex immunoassays at Day 1 and Month 7 (both studies) and Months 12, 24, and 36 (V503-002 only). Adverse events (AEs) were collected by Vaccination Report Card. In V501-125, participants were actively surveilled for serious AEs (SAEs) within 30 days post-qHPV vaccination. In per-protocol analyses, qHPV and 9vHPV vaccines induced robust anti-HPV6/11/16/18 (V501-029) and HPV6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58 (V503-002) responses, respectively; ≥97% of participants seroconverted at Month 7 for each vaccine HPV type in both studies, and antibody responses persisted through 36 months in V503-002. The most common AEs were injection-site-associated. Most AEs were mild/moderate; no deaths, vaccine-related SAEs, or discontinuations due to AEs were reported. In V501-125, no SAE was reported. Overall, the qHPV and 9vHPV vaccines elicited robust antibody responses and were generally well tolerated in Indian participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M Garland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Women's Infectious Diseases Research, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Manjula Anagani
- Woman and Child Institute, CARE Super Specialty Hospital & Transplant Centre, Hyderabad, India
| | - Neerja Bhatla
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sukanta Chatterjee
- Department of Pediatrics, KPC Medical College & Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Cecil Ross
- Department of Chest Medicine & Hematology, St. John's Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, India
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11
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Sharma H, Lalwani S, Parekh S, Pujari P, Shewale S, Palkar S, Hanumante N, Gokhale S, Ks J, Kumar R, Sharma I, Gairola S. A phase I, open label, clinical study to assess the safety and immunogenicity of indigenously developed liquid (DTwP-HepB-IPV-Hib) hexavalent combination vaccine in healthy toddlers aged 16-24 months. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2146435. [PMID: 36412272 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2146435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This first in human study was designed as an open label clinical trial to assess the safety and immunogenicity of SIIPL DTwP-HepB-IPV-Hib (Hexavalent) combination vaccine in healthy toddlers, aged 16-24 months. A total of 24 healthy toddlers were administered a 0.5 ml single dose of SIIPL DTwP-HepB-IPV-Hib vaccine intramuscularly, and followed for 28 days for safety outcomes viz. immediate, solicited, unsolicited and serious adverse events. Blood samples were collected immediately prior to and 28 days after vaccination to assess the immunogenicity. Twenty four completed the study in compliance with the study protocol. None of the participants experienced any immediate or any serious adverse event. In terms of the frequency and intensity, the adverse events were comparable to DTwP-based combination vaccines. The vaccine elicited a strong booster response as demonstrated by a large increase in antibodies against all vaccine antigens. One month post booster vaccination seroprotection for diphtheria, tetanus, Hepatitis B, Haemophilus influenzae type b and polio virus type 1 and 3 was 100%. The percentage sero-response for pertussis was 75%. Four-fold increase in antibody concentration for pertussis was achieved in 87.5% subjects. Indigenously developed DTwP-HepB-IPV-Hib vaccine by Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd. was found to be safe, well tolerated and showed a robust immune response in toddlers. It was concluded that this vaccine should be assessed in the next phases of clinical development in the target population.Clinical Trial Registration - CTRI/2018/10/015875.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitt Sharma
- Department of Clinical Research and Pharmacovigilance, Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd, Pune, India
| | - Sanjay Lalwani
- Department of Pediatrics, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Medical college & Hospital, Pune, India
| | - Sameer Parekh
- Department of Clinical Research and Pharmacovigilance, Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd, Pune, India
| | - Pramod Pujari
- Department of Clinical Research and Pharmacovigilance, Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd, Pune, India
| | - Sunil Shewale
- Department of Clinical Research and Pharmacovigilance, Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd, Pune, India
| | - Sonali Palkar
- Department of Pediatrics, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Medical college & Hospital, Pune, India
| | - Neeta Hanumante
- Department of Pediatrics, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Medical college & Hospital, Pune, India
| | - Shilpa Gokhale
- Department of Pediatrics, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Medical college & Hospital, Pune, India
| | - Jaganathan Ks
- Department of Production, Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., Pune, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Production, Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., Pune, India
| | - Inderjit Sharma
- Department of Production, Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., Pune, India
| | - Sunil Gairola
- Department of Quality Control, Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., Pune, India
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12
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Wadhwani N, Dangat K, Randhir K, Poddar A, Joshi P, Pisal H, Kadam V, Bakshi R, Chandhiok N, Lalwani S, Mehendale S, Wagh G, Gupte S, Sachdev HS, Fall C, Joshi S. Longitudinal Assessment of Calcium and Magnesium Levels in Women with Preeclampsia. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 201:3245-3255. [PMID: 36214957 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03440-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The present study reports the levels of maternal serum calcium and magnesium from early pregnancy until delivery, along with cord levels, in women who developed preeclampsia (PE) and compares them with those without PE. A total of 324 pregnant women (216 non-PE and 108 PE women) were included in this retrospective case-control study of prospectively collected data nested in an observational cohort study. Maternal blood was collected at 4 time points during pregnancy (V1 = 11-14 weeks, V2 = 18-22 weeks, V3 = 26-28 weeks, and V4 = at delivery) and umbilical cord blood at delivery. Independent t tests were used to compare calcium, magnesium, and their ratio between two groups, and their associations with PE were studied using regression models. Calcium levels were similar between groups at all time points. Magnesium levels were lower (p = 0.021) at V2 in PE group as compared with non-PE group. Maternal calcium and magnesium levels were negatively associated, with blood pressure in early pregnancy. In fully adjusted logistic regression analysis, lower magnesium levels were associated with an increased risk of PE at V2 (OR 0.25 [95% CI 0.07, 0.94] p = 0.04). Lower magnesium in mid-pregnancy was associated with higher risk of PE. These changes were observed before the diagnosis of PE, thereby suggesting that they may have a role in the etiology of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Wadhwani
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune Satara Road, Pune, 411043, India
| | - Kamini Dangat
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune Satara Road, Pune, 411043, India
| | - Karuna Randhir
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune Satara Road, Pune, 411043, India
| | - Anupam Poddar
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune Satara Road, Pune, 411043, India
| | - Prachi Joshi
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune Satara Road, Pune, 411043, India
| | - Hemlata Pisal
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune Satara Road, Pune, 411043, India
| | - Vrushali Kadam
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune Satara Road, Pune, 411043, India
| | - Ravleen Bakshi
- Division of Reproductive, Biology, Maternal and Child Health (RBMCH) and Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research - Headquarters, New Delhi, India
| | - Nomita Chandhiok
- Division of Reproductive, Biology, Maternal and Child Health (RBMCH) and Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research - Headquarters, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay Lalwani
- Department of Pediatrics, Bharati Medical College and Hospital, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Savita Mehendale
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bharati Medical College and Hospital, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Girija Wagh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bharati Medical College and Hospital, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | | | | | - Caroline Fall
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Sadhana Joshi
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune Satara Road, Pune, 411043, India.
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13
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Dangat K, Gupte S, Wagh G, Lalwani S, Randhir K, Madiwale S, Pisal H, Kadam V, Gundu S, Chandhiok N, Kulkarni B, Joshi S, Fall C, Sachdev HS. Gestational weight gain in the REVAMP pregnancy cohort in Western India: Comparison with international and national references. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1022990. [PMID: 36275827 PMCID: PMC9579320 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1022990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the trimester specific gestational weight gain (GWG) in a population of pregnant women from Western India and compare it with the Intergrowth-21st international and an Indian reference (GARBH-Ini cohort-Group for Advanced Research on BirtH outcomes). Study design A prospective longitudinal observational study was undertaken in Pune, West India and data for gestational weight gain was collected [the REVAMP study (Research Exploring Various Aspects and Mechanisms in Preeclampsia)]. Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale and Shape method (GAMLSS model) were used to create GWG centile curves according to gestational age, stratified by BMI at recruitment (n = 640) and compared with Intergrowth-21st reference and GARBH-Ini cohort. Multivariable regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between GWG and antenatal risk factors. Results The median GWG was 1.68, 5.80, 7.06, and 11.56 kg at gestational ages 18, 26, 30, and 40 weeks, respectively. In our study, pregnant women gained less weight throughout pregnancy compared to Intergrowth-21st study, but more weight compared to the GARBH-Ini cohort centile curves in all the BMI categories. GWG in overweight/obese women (BMI ≥ 25) was significantly lower (<0.001) as compared to underweight (BMI < 18.5), or normal weight women (BMI ≥ 18.5 and <25). The median GWG at 40 weeks in underweight, normal and overweight/obese women was 13.18, 11.74, and 10.48 kg, respectively. Higher maternal BMI, older maternal age, higher parity and higher hemoglobin concentrations were associated with lower GWG, while taller maternal height was associated with greater GWG. Conclusion GWG of Indian women is lower than the prescriptive standards of the Intergrowth charts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamini Dangat
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | | | - Girija Wagh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bharati Medical College and Hospital, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Sanjay Lalwani
- Department of Pediatrics, Bharati Medical College and Hospital, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Karuna Randhir
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Shweta Madiwale
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Hemlata Pisal
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Vrushali Kadam
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Shridevi Gundu
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Nomita Chandhiok
- Division of Reproductive, Biology, Maternal and Child Health (RBMCH) and Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Bharati Kulkarni
- Division of Reproductive, Biology, Maternal and Child Health (RBMCH) and Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Sadhana Joshi
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Caroline Fall
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Harshpal Singh Sachdev
- Department of Pediatrics and Clinical Epidemiology, Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science and Research, New Delhi, India
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14
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Arankalle V, Kulkarni-Munje A, Kulkarni R, Palkar S, Patil R, Oswal J, Lalwani S, Mishra AC. Immunogenicity of two COVID-19 vaccines used in India: An observational cohort study in health care workers from a tertiary care hospital. Front Immunol 2022; 13:928501. [PMID: 36211366 PMCID: PMC9540493 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.928501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic witnessed rapid development and use of several vaccines. In India, a country-wide immunization was initiated in January 2021. COVISHIELD, the chimpanzee adenoviral-vectored vaccine with full-length SARS-COV-2 spike insert and COVAXIN, the whole virus-inactivated vaccines were used. To assess and compare immune response of health-care-workers to COVISHIELD (n=187) and COVAXIN (n=21), blood samples were collected pre-vaccination, 1month post-1/post-2 doses and 6months post-dose-2 and tested for IgG-anti-SARS-CoV-2 (ELISA) and neutralizing (Nab,PRNT50) antibodies. Spike-protein-specific T cells were quantitated by IFN-γ-ELISPOT. In pre-vaccination-antibody-negative COVISHIELD recipients (pre-negatives, n=120), %Nab seroconversion (median, IQR Nab titers) increased from 55.1% (16, 2.5-36.3) post-dose-1 to 95.6% (64.5, 4.5-154.2, p<0.001) post-dose-2 that were independent of age/gender/BMI. Nab response was higher among pre-positives with hybrid immunity at all-time points (p<0.01-0.0001) and independent of age/gender/BMI/Comorbidities. Post-dose-2-seroconversion (50%, p<0.001) and Nab titers (6.75, 2.5-24.8, p<0.001) in COVAXIN-recipients were lower than COVISHIELD. COVAXIN elicited a superior IFN-γ-T cell response as measured by ELISPOT (100%; 1226, 811-1532 spot forming units, SFU/million PBMCs v/s 57.8%; 21.7,1.6-169.2; p<0.001). At 6months, 28.3% (15/53) COVISHIELD and 3/3COVAXIN recipients were Nab-negative. T cell response remained unchanged. During immunization, COVID-19 cases were detected among COVISHIELD (n=4) and COVAXIN (n=2) recipients. At 6months, 9cases were recorded in COVISHIELD-recipients. This first-time, systematic, real-world assessment and long-term follow up revealed generation of higher neutralizing antibody titers by COVISHIELD and stronger T-cell response by COVAXIN. Diminished Nab titers at 6months emphasize early booster. Immunogenicity/efficacy of vaccines will change with the progression of the pandemic needing careful evaluations in the field-settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Arankalle
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- *Correspondence: Vidya Arankalle, ;
| | - Archana Kulkarni-Munje
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ruta Kulkarni
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sonali Palkar
- Department of Pediatrics, Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rahul Patil
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jitendra Oswal
- Department of Pediatrics, Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sanjay Lalwani
- Department of Pediatrics, Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Akhilesh Chandra Mishra
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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15
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Gothankar J, Pore P, Dhumale G, Doke P, Lalwani S, Quraishi S, Murarkar K S, Patil R, Waghachavare V, Dhobale R, Rasote K, Palkar S. Effect of Behavior Change Communication on the Incidence of Pneumonia in Under Five Children: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. Indian Pediatr 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13312-021-2371-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Kulkarni PS, Padmapriyadarsini C, Vekemans J, Bavdekar A, Gupta M, Kulkarni P, Garg BS, Gogtay NJ, Tambe M, Lalwani S, Singh K, Munshi R, Meshram S, Selvavinayagam TS, Pandey K, Bhimarasetty DM, Ramakrishnan SR, Bhamare C, Dharmadhikari A, Vadakkedath R, Bonhomme CJ, Thakar M, Kurle SN, Kelly EJ, Gautam M, Gupta N, Panda S, Bhargava B, Shaligram U, Kapse D, Gunale B. A phase 2/3, participant-blind, observer-blind, randomised, controlled study to assess the safety and immunogenicity of SII-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (COVID-19 vaccine) in adults in India. EClinicalMedicine 2021; 42:101218. [PMID: 34870133 PMCID: PMC8629682 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This phase 2/3 immunobridging study evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Coronavirus Vaccine (Recombinant) (SII-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19), manufactured in India at the Serum Institute of India Pvt Ltd (SIIPL), following technology transfer from the AstraZeneca. METHODS This participant-blind, observer-blind study randomised participants 3:1 to SII-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 or AZD1222 (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) (immunogenicity/reactogenicity cohort) and 3:1 to SII-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 or placebo (safety cohort). The study participants were enrolled from 14 hospitals across India between August 25 and October 31, 2020. Two doses of study products were given 4 weeks apart. The primary objectives were to demonstrate non-inferiority of SII-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 to AZD1222 in terms of geometric mean titre (GMT) ratio of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG antibodies 28 days after the second dose (defined as lower limit of 95% CI >0·67) and to determine the incidence of serious adverse events (SAEs) causally related to SII-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19. The anti-spike IgG response was assessed using a multiplexed electrochemiluminescence-based immunoassay. Safety follow-up continued until 6 months after first dose. Trial registration: CTRI/2020/08/027170. FINDINGS 1601 participants were enrolled: 401 to the immunogenicity/reactogenicity cohort and 1200 to the safety cohort. After two doses, seroconversion rates for anti-spike IgG antibodies were more than 98·0% in both the groups. SII-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 was non-inferior to AZD1222 (GMT ratio 0·98; 95% CI 0·78-1·23). SAEs were reported in ≤ 2·0% participants across the three groups; none were causally related. A total of 34 SARS-CoV-2 infections were reported; of which 6 occurred more than 2 weeks after the second dose; none were severe. INTERPRETATION SII-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 has a non-inferior immune response compared to AZD1222 and an acceptable safety/reactogenicity profile. Pharmacovigilance should be maintained to detect any safety signals. FUNDING SIIPL funded the contract research organisation and laboratory costs, while the site costs were funded by the Indian Council of Medical Research. The study vaccines were supplied by SIIPL and AstraZeneca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad S Kulkarni
- Serum Institute of India Pvt Ltd, Pune, India
- Correspondence to: Dr Prasad S Kulkarni, Serum Institute of India Pvt Ltd, 212/2, Off Soli Poonawalla Road, Hadapsar, Pune - 411028, India. Phone: +91 20 26602384 ; Fax: +91 20 26993945
| | | | - Johan Vekemans
- Clinical Development, Infection, Late-stage Development, Respiratory and Immunology (R&I), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Madhu Gupta
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - B S Garg
- Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram, Wardha, India
| | | | - Muralidhar Tambe
- B J Government Medical College and Sassoon General Hospitals, Pune, India
| | - Sanjay Lalwani
- Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Medical College and Hospital, Pune, India
| | - Kiranjit Singh
- Jehangir Clinical Development Centre Pvt Ltd, Pune, India
| | - Renuka Munshi
- TN Medical College & BYL Nair Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | | | | | - Krishna Pandey
- Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | | | - S R Ramakrishnan
- Sri Ramchandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Elizabeth J Kelly
- Translational Medicine, Microbial Sciences, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
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17
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Gothankar J, Pore P, Dhumale G, Doke P, Lalwani S, Quraishi S, Murarkar K S, Patil R, Waghachavare V, Dhobale R, Rasote K, Palkar S. Effect of Behavior Change Communication on the Incidence of Pneumonia in Under Five Children: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. Indian Pediatr 2021; 58:1046-1051. [PMID: 34837365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improving health education of the mother by providing community-based interventions is known to help control pneumonia. OBJECTIVES To determine the effect of behavior change communication (BCC) activities for mothers in reducing the incidence of childhood pneumonia. DESIGN Open-label cluster randomized controlled trial. SETTING Urban slums and villages in two districs of Maharashtra. PARTICIPANTS/CLUSTER Under-five children and their mothers from households in the randomly selected 16 clusters out of total 45 clusters, stratified into Pune and Sangli districts and further into rural and urban areas before randomization. INTERVENTION Three forms of BCC activities were imparted, viz., interactive sessions of education using pictorial mothers' booklet, screening of a audio-visual film, and virtual hand wash demonstration and use of flashcard. Routine care under the National health program was provided by the Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHA) workers in both the arms. OUTCOME The primary outcome was pneumonia as per the IMNCI criteria assessed during fortnightly visits of the ASHA/anganwadi workers to the houses of under-five children, who received at least one follow-up visit in a period of one year. RESULTS The incidence of pneumonia in 1993 and 1987 under-five children in the intervention and control arm was 0.80 and 0.48 episodes per child per year, respectively (P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS BCC for mothers is not sufficient to reduce the incidence of childhood pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayashree Gothankar
- Department of Community Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra. Correspondence to: Dr Jayashree Gothankar, Department of Community Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University Medical College, Off Pune Satara Road, Pune 411 043, Maharashtra.
| | - Prasad Pore
- Department of Community Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra
| | - Girish Dhumale
- Department of Community Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University Medical College and Hospital, Sangli, Maharashtra
| | - Prakash Doke
- Department of Community Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra
| | - Sanjay Lalwani
- Department of Pediatrics, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra
| | - Sanjay Quraishi
- Department of Community Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University Medical College and Hospital, Sangli, Maharashtra
| | - Sujata Murarkar K
- Department of Community Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra
| | - Reshma Patil
- Department of Community Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra
| | - Vivek Waghachavare
- Department of Community Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University Medical College and Hospital, Sangli, Maharashtra
| | - Randhir Dhobale
- Department of Community Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University Medical College and Hospital, Sangli, Maharashtra
| | - Kirti Rasote
- Department of Community Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University Medical College and Hospital, Sangli, Maharashtra
| | - Sonali Palkar
- Department of Community Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra
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18
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Murarkar S, Gothankar J, Doke P, Dhumale G, Pore PD, Lalwani S, Quraishi S, Patil RS, Waghachavare V, Dhobale R, Rasote K, Palkar S, Malshe N, Deshmukh R. Prevalence of the Acute Respiratory Infections and Associated Factors in the Rural Areas and Urban Slum Areas of Western Maharashtra, India: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Front Public Health 2021; 9:723807. [PMID: 34765581 PMCID: PMC8576147 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.723807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) continue to be the most important cause of morbidity and mortality among under-five children. Some demographic and environmental factors are associated with ARIs among under-five children. This study was conducted with the objective to estimate the prevalence of ARIs among under-five children in the rural areas and densely populated urban slum areas in Maharashtra, India and to assess the association of the selected sociodemographic and household environmental factors with ARI. This study was conducted in 16 selected clusters from the rural areas and densely populated urban slum areas of the two districts in Maharashtra, India. Structured and validated proforma was used for collecting the data on the sociodemographic and household environmental risk factors. A total of 3,671 under-five children were surveyed. The prevalence of ARIs for the preceding month was 50.4%. It was higher among the children living in the rural areas (54.2%) compared to the children living in the urban areas (46.7%) (p = 0.01). The prevalence of ARIs was reported to be 51.4 and 49.4% in boys and girls, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, the researchers found that living in rural areas (p = 0.01) and parental smoking (p = 0.04) were significantly associated with the ARIs. An intervention such as reducing parental smoking habits at the household level may reduce ARIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujata Murarkar
- Medical College Pune, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune, India
| | - Jayashree Gothankar
- Medical College Pune, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune, India
| | - Prakash Doke
- Medical College Pune, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune, India
| | - Girish Dhumale
- Medical College Sangli, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Sangli, India
| | - Prasad D Pore
- Medical College Pune, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune, India
| | - Sanjay Lalwani
- Medical College Pune, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune, India
| | - Sanjay Quraishi
- Medical College Sangli, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Sangli, India
| | - Reshma S Patil
- Medical College Pune, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune, India.,Department of Community Medicine, Symbiosis Medical College for Women, Symbiosis International University, Pune, India
| | - Vivek Waghachavare
- Medical College Sangli, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Sangli, India
| | - Randhir Dhobale
- Medical College Sangli, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Sangli, India
| | - Kirti Rasote
- Medical College Sangli, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Sangli, India
| | - Sonali Palkar
- Medical College Pune, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune, India
| | - Nandini Malshe
- Medical College Pune, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune, India
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19
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Koparkar S, Srivastava L, Randhir K, Dangat K, Pisal H, Kadam V, Malshe N, Wadhwani N, Lalwani S, Srinivasan K, Kumaran K, Fall C, Joshi S. Cognitive function and behavioral problems in children born to mothers with preeclampsia: an Indian study. Child Neuropsychol 2021; 28:337-354. [PMID: 34592908 DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2021.1978418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Studies from high-income countries report associations of preeclampsia (PE) with reduced cognitive function and adverse behavioural outcomes in children. We examined these associations in Indian children aged 5-7 years. Children of mothers with PE (n=74) and without PE (non-PE; n=234) were recruited at delivery at Bharati Hospital, Pune, India. The cognitive performance was assessed using 3 core tests from the Kaufman Assessment Battery and additional tests including Verbal fluency, Kohs block design, and Coding A (from Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children). The parent-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used to assess children's behavioral characteristics. Scores were compared between children from PE and non-PE groups, and associations analyzed further using regression models, adjusted for potential confounders. After adjusting for age, sex, socio-economic status and maternal education, children of PE mothers had lower Kohs block design scores (adjusted odds ratio per score category 0.57, [95% CI 0.34-0.96] p=0.034; 0.62 [95%CI (0.36, 1.07), p=0.09 on further adjustment for birth weight and gestation) compared to children of mothers without PE. In the SDQ, there was a lower prevalence of abnormal 'conduct problem' scores in PE group than non-PE group (OR=0.33, 95% CI 0.13-0.83, p=0.018, in the fully adjusted model); there were no differences for other behavioral domains. This preliminary study in Indian children suggests that fetal exposure to maternal PE may have an adverse impact on visuo-spatial performance but does not adversely affect behavior. Further studies with larger sample sizes are essential to understand effects of maternal PE on cognitive/behavioral outcomes in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Koparkar
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to Be) University, Pune, India
| | - Leena Srivastava
- Department of Paediatrics, Bharati Medical College and Hospital, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, India
| | - Karuna Randhir
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to Be) University, Pune, India
| | - Kamini Dangat
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to Be) University, Pune, India
| | - Hemlata Pisal
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to Be) University, Pune, India
| | - Vrushali Kadam
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to Be) University, Pune, India
| | - Nandini Malshe
- Department of Paediatrics, Bharati Medical College and Hospital, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, India
| | - Nisha Wadhwani
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to Be) University, Pune, India
| | - Sanjay Lalwani
- Department of Paediatrics, Bharati Medical College and Hospital, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, India
| | - K Srinivasan
- Department of Psychiatry, St. John's Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, India.,Division of Mental Health and Neurosciences, St. John's Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - K Kumaran
- Epidemiology Research Unit, CSI, Holdsworth Memorial Hospital, Mysore, India
| | - Caroline Fall
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Sadhana Joshi
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to Be) University, Pune, India
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20
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Cohet C, Cheuvart B, Moerman L, Bi D, Caplanusi A, Kariyappa M, Lalwani S, Mitra M, Sapru A, Saha S, Varughese PV, Kompithra RZ, Gandhi S. A phase III randomized, open-label, non-inferiority clinical trial comparing liquid and lyophilized formulations of oral live attenuated human rotavirus vaccine (HRV) in Indian infants. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:4646-4653. [PMID: 34428112 PMCID: PMC8828117 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1960136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The human rotavirus vaccine (HRV; Rotarix, GSK) is available as liquid (Liq) and lyophilized (Lyo) formulations, but only Lyo HRV is licensed in India. In this phase III, randomized, open-label trial (NCT02141204), healthy Indian infants aged 6–10 weeks received 2 doses (1 month apart) of either Liq HRV or Lyo HRV. Non-inferiority of Liq HRV compared to Lyo HRV was assessed in terms of geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) of anti-RV immunoglobulin A (IgA), 1-month post-second dose (primary objective). Reactogenicity/safety were also evaluated. Seroconversion was defined as anti-RV IgA antibody concentration ≥20 units [U]/mL in initially seronegative infants (anti-RV IgA antibody concentration <20 U/mL) or ≥2-fold increase compared with pre-vaccination concentration in initially seropositive infants. Of the 451 enrolled infants, 381 (189 in Liq HRV and 192 in Lyo HRV group) were included in the per-protocol set. The GMC ratio (Liq HRV/Lyo HRV) was 0.93 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.65–1.34), with the lower limit of the 95% CI reaching ≥0.5, the pre-specified statistical margin for non-inferiority. In the Liq HRV and Lyo HRV groups, 42.9% and 44.3% (baseline) and 71.4% and 73.4% (1-month post-second dose) of infants had anti-RV IgA antibody concentration ≥20 U/mL, and overall seroconversion rates were 54.5% and 50.0%. Incidences of solicited and unsolicited adverse events were similar between groups and no vaccine-related serious adverse events were reported. Liq HRV was non-inferior to Lyo HRV in terms of antibody GMCs and showed similar reactogenicity/safety profiles, supporting the use of Liq HRV in Indian infants.
What is the context?
Rotavirus is the most common cause of acute gastronenteritis and contributes to the high number of hospitalizations and deaths in young children worldwide. Vaccination against rotavirus has led to a significant decrease in rotavirus-related infections. The human rotavirus vaccine Rotarix (GSK) is currently used as a liquid or lyophilized formulation. In clinical trials conducted in European and North American infants, the liquid vaccine showed ability to induce immune response and safety comparable to the lyophilized formulation. Only the lyophilized vaccine is currently marketed in india.
What is new?
We compared the 2-dose liquid and lyophilized human rotavirus vaccines in indian infants in a phase III clinical trial: The ability to induce immune response for thw liquid formulation was not inferior to that observed for the lyophilized vaccine. The safety profiles of the 2 formulations were comparable.
Why is this important?
This study shows that the liquid human rotavirus vaccine can be administrated to infants from india.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mallesh Kariyappa
- Department of Pediatrics, Bangalore Medical College & Research Institute, Vani Vilas Women and Children Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - Sanjay Lalwani
- Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Hospital, Pune, India
| | - Monjori Mitra
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Child Health, Kolkata, India
| | - Amita Sapru
- Department of Pediatrics, KEM Hospital Research Centre, Pune, India
| | - Shruti Saha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - P V Varughese
- Department of Pediatrics, Christian Medical College, Ludhiana, India
| | - Rajeev Zachariah Kompithra
- Well Baby Immunisation Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Unit I, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
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21
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Kulkarni R, Shrivastava S, Patil HP, Kore P, Rane P, Palkar S, Lalwani S, Mishra AC, Arankalle VA. Performance assessment of SARS-CoV-2 IgM & IgG ELISAs in comparison with plaque reduction neutralization test. Indian J Med Res 2021; 153:658-664. [PMID: 34145085 PMCID: PMC8555602 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_3806_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to be a devastating pandemic. This study was aimed at performance assessment of SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG ELISAs, and investigation of their utility for patient diagnosis and sero-epidemiologic investigations. Methods Serum/plasma samples from COVID-19 patients or asymptomatic contacts (n=180) and healthy donors (n=90) were tested in parallel using two commercial IgM ELISAs (Erbalisa and Inbios), and four IgG ELISAs (Kavach, Euroimmun, Erbalisa and Inbios) along with an indigenous β-propiolactone inactivated virus-based ELISA (IRSHA-IgG-ELISA). Plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) was used as reference test. Results Among 180 COVID-19 patients, 125 tested positive by PRNT. Inbios-IgM-ELISA showed sensitivity (Se)/specificity (Sp)/positive predictive value (PPV)/negative predictive value (NPV) of 93.6/97.8/98.4/94.4 per cent in relation to PRNT, and performed better than Erbalisa-IgM-ELISA (Se: 48%, Sp: 95.6%, PPV: 95.2%, NPV: 65.2%). During the first week of disease, only 47.4 per cent of the COVID-19 patients tested IgM positive by Inbios-IgM-ELISA, detection improving at two weeks and beyond (~86-100%). Among IgG tests, Inbios-IgG-ELISA ranked first in terms of sensitivity (83.2%), followed by IRSHA (64.8%), Euroimmun (64%), Erbalisa (57.6%) and Kavach (56%) tests. For all IgG tests, sensitivity improved during the third (73.9-95.7%) and fourth week (100%) of illness. The specificity (96.7-100%) and PPV (96.2-100%) of all IgG tests were high; NPV ranged between 71.9 and 87.1 per cent with Inbios-IgG-ELISA scoring highest. Interpretation & conclusions Our results show that IgM detection by the current, most sensitive ELISAs cannot replace molecular diagnosis, but may aid as a supplement test. The available IgG tests are suitable for serosurveys for the assessment of previous virus exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruta Kulkarni
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shubham Shrivastava
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Harshad P Patil
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pravin Kore
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prajakta Rane
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sonali Palkar
- Department of Pediatrics, Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sanjay Lalwani
- Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Vidya A Arankalle
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Shrivastava S, Palkar S, Shah J, Rane P, Lalwani S, Mishra AC, Arankalle VA. Early and High SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies Are Associated with Severity in COVID-19 Patients from India. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2021; 105:401-406. [PMID: 34138748 PMCID: PMC8437163 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.21-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection have a wide spectrum of clinical presentations, from asymptomatic infection, to mild illness, to severe disease with recovery or fatal outcome. Immune correlates of protection are not yet clear. To understand the association between presence and titers of neutralizing antibodies (NAb) with recovery, we screened 82 COVID-19 patients classified in mild (n = 56) and severe (n = 26) disease groups on different days post onset of disease and 27 viral RNA–positive asymptomatic contacts examined within 1 week of the identification of index cases. Of 26 patients with severe disease, six died and 20 recovered. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 NAb levels in plasma and serum were measured using a plaque reduction neutralization test with live virus. The proportion of asymptomatic and symptomatic infections was 1:7.8 in males and 1:1 in females, with males predominating the severe disease group (21/26, 80.7%). At the time of presentation, NAb positivity and titers were comparable among groups with asymptomatic and mild infections. Notably, patients with severe disease exhibited higher NAb seropositivity and titers (25 of 26, 96.2%; 866 ± 188) than those in the mild category (39 of 56, 69.6%; 199 ± 50, P < 0.0001) and asymptomatic individuals (21 of 27, 77.8%; 124 ± 28, P = 0.0002). Within first 2 weeks of onset, NAb titers were significantly higher among patients with severe disease than those with mild presentation. Our data suggest that irrespective of fatal outcome, progression to disease severity was associated with induction of early and high levels of NAb. In our patient series, clinical disease, severity and fatality were predominantly seen in males. The role of NAbs in immunopathogenesis or protection needs to be defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Shrivastava
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Katraj-Dhankawadi, Pune, India
| | - Sonali Palkar
- Department of Community Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University Medical College, Katraj-Dhankawadi, Pune, India
| | - Jignesh Shah
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University Medical College, Katraj-Dhankawadi, Pune, India
| | - Prajakta Rane
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Katraj-Dhankawadi, Pune, India
| | - Sanjay Lalwani
- Department of Pediatrics, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University Medical College, Katraj-Dhankawadi, Pune, India
| | - Akhilesh Chandra Mishra
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Katraj-Dhankawadi, Pune, India
| | - Vidya A Arankalle
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Katraj-Dhankawadi, Pune, India
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Kulkarni‐Munje A, Palkar S, Shrivastava S, Lalwani S, Mishra AC, Arankalle VA. Disease-duration based comparison of subsets of immune cells in SARS CoV-2 infected patients presenting with mild or severe symptoms identifies prognostic markers for severity. Immun Inflamm Dis 2021; 9:419-434. [PMID: 33452858 PMCID: PMC8014065 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infection with SARS-CoV-2 leads to a spectrum of symptoms. Understanding the basis for severity remains crucial for better management and therapy development. So far, older age, associated-comorbidities, and IL-6 have been associated with severity/mortality. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY As a primary step, we analyzed the frequency and functional profile of innate immune cells (NK cells/dendritic cells/monocytes) and adaptive immunity-driving lymphocytes (B cells/T cells/follicular T helper cells) by flow cytometry. Sixty cases of SARS CoV-2 infection (25 severe, 35 mild) and ten healthy subjects without SARS CoV-2 IgG were included. Disease-duration based analysis of immune profile was explored for early events differentiating the two disease forms. Neutralizing antibody titers were determined by PRNT. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Disease severity was found to be associated with impaired maturation of mDCs and hyperactivation of NK, follicular T helper cells, and CD8 T cells. Lower IL-21 receptor expression on memory B cells indicated an imbalance in IL-21/IL-21 R ratio. Lower BCMA positive plasmablast cells in severe cases did suggest a probable absence of long-term humoral immunity. Multivariate analysis revealed a progressive association of PD-1+CD4 T cells with PRNT50 titers. Thus, in addition to identifying probable prognostic markers for severity, our study emphasizes the definite need for in-depth viral antigen-specific functional analyses in a larger patient cohort and with multiple sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Kulkarni‐Munje
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA)Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University)PuneIndia
| | - Sonali Palkar
- Department of Paediatrics, Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical CollegeBharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University)PuneIndia
| | - Shubham Shrivastava
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA)Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University)PuneIndia
| | - Sanjay Lalwani
- Department of Paediatrics, Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical CollegeBharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University)PuneIndia
| | - Akhilesh C. Mishra
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA)Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University)PuneIndia
| | - Vidya A. Arankalle
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA)Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University)PuneIndia
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Kulkarni-Munje A, Malshe N, Palkar S, Amlekar A, Lalwani S, Mishra AC, Arankalle V. Immune Response of Indian Preterm Infants to Pentavalent Vaccine Varies With Component Antigens and Gestational Age. Front Immunol 2021; 12:592731. [PMID: 33968011 PMCID: PMC8102823 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.592731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood vaccination plays critical role in protecting infants from several dreaded diseases. Of the global 15 million preterm (PT) infants with compromised immune system born annually, India contributes to >3.5 million. Generation of adequate vaccine-induced immune response needs to be ensured of their protection. Immune response of Indian PT (n = 113) and full-term (FT, n = 80) infants to pentavalent vaccine administered as per the national recommendation was studied. Antibody titers against component antigens of pentavalent vaccine, immune cells profiling (T and B cells, monocytes and dendritic cells) and plasma cytokines were determined pre- and post-vaccination. Additionally, cell-mediated recall immune responses to pentavalent antigens were evaluated after short time antigenic exposure to infant PBMCs. Irrespective of gestational age (GA), all the infants developed adequate antibody response against tetanus, diphtheria, and protective but lower antibody levels for Haemophilus influenzae type-b and hepatitis B in preterm infants. Lower (~74%) protective antibody response to pertussis was independent of gestational age. PT-infants exhibited lower frequencies of CD4 T cells/dendritic cells/monocytes, increased plasma IL-10 levels and lower proliferation of central and effector memory T cells than in term-infants. Proliferative central memory response of FT-infants without anti-pertussis antibodies suggests protection from subsequent infection. Responder/non-responder PT-infants lacked immunological memory and could be infected with Bordetella. For hepatitis B, the recall response was gestational age-dependent and antibody status-independent. Humoral/cellular immune responses of PT-infants were dependent on the type of the immunogen. Preterm infants born before 32 weeks of gestation may need an extra dose of pentavalent vaccine for long lived robust immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Kulkarni-Munje
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed To Be University) University, Pune, India
| | - Nandini Malshe
- Department of Paediatrics, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed To Be University) University Medical College, Pune, India
| | - Sonali Palkar
- Department of Paediatrics, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed To Be University) University Medical College, Pune, India
| | - Aniket Amlekar
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed To Be University) University, Pune, India
| | - Sanjay Lalwani
- Department of Paediatrics, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed To Be University) University Medical College, Pune, India
| | - Akhilesh Chandra Mishra
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed To Be University) University, Pune, India
| | - Vidya Arankalle
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed To Be University) University, Pune, India
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Shrivastava S, Patil HP, Mhaske ST, Palkar S, Lalwani S, Mishra AC, Arankalle VA. Isolation and genetic characterization of SARS-CoV-2 from Indian patients in a single family without H/O travel abroad. Virus Genes 2021; 57:245-249. [PMID: 33683658 PMCID: PMC7938031 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-021-01826-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In view of the rapidly progressing COVID-19 pandemic, our aim was to isolate and characterize SARS-CoV-2 from Indian patients. SARS-CoV-2 was isolated from nasopharyngeal swabs collected from the two members of a family without any history of (H/O) travel abroad. Both the virus isolates (8003 and 8004) showed CPE on day 3 post-inoculation, viral antigens by immunofluorescence assay and produced distinct, clear and uniform plaques. Infectious virus titers were 5 × 106 and 4 × 106 Pfu/ml by plaque assay and 107.5 and 107 by CPE-based TCID50/ml, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis grouped our isolates with the Italian strains. On comparison with Wuhan strain, 3 unique mutations were identified in nsp3 (A1812D), exonuclease (P1821S) of Orf1ab and spike protein (Q677H) regions, respectively. Both the viruses grouped with Italian strains of SARS-CoV-2 suggesting possible source being the virus imported from Italy. These fully characterized virus isolates will be useful in developing neutralization/virological assays for the evaluation of vaccines/antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Shrivastava
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed To Be University), Katraj-Dhankawadi, Pune, 411043, India
| | - Harshad P Patil
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed To Be University), Katraj-Dhankawadi, Pune, 411043, India
| | - Suhas T Mhaske
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed To Be University), Katraj-Dhankawadi, Pune, 411043, India
| | - Sonali Palkar
- Department of Pediatrics, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed To Be University) Medical College & Hospital, Katraj-Dhankawadi, Pune, 411043, India
| | - Sanjay Lalwani
- Department of Pediatrics, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed To Be University) Medical College & Hospital, Katraj-Dhankawadi, Pune, 411043, India
| | - Akhilesh Chandra Mishra
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed To Be University), Katraj-Dhankawadi, Pune, 411043, India
| | - Vidya A Arankalle
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed To Be University), Katraj-Dhankawadi, Pune, 411043, India.
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Patil HP, Rane PS, Shrivastava S, Palkar S, Lalwani S, Mishra AC, Arankalle VA. Antibody (IgA, IgG, and IgG Subtype) Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in Severe and Nonsevere COVID-19 Patients. Viral Immunol 2021; 34:201-209. [PMID: 33656935 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2020.0321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
For the assessment of vaccine-induced immune response and to understand the role of antibodies in neutralization, it is necessary to assess dynamics of various antibodies in patients with different clinical manifestations. This study aims to quantitate circulating levels of IgA/IgG and IgG subtypes induced at different days postonset of symptoms, in severe and nonsevere patients. For this, serum or plasma samples (n = 146) collected from 79 COVID-19 patients were used. Indirect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) specific IgA, IgG, and IgG subtype specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were performed. Antibody titers between severe and nonsevere patients were compared at different times postonset of clinical symptoms. Titers in ELISA were compared to neutralizing antibody (Nab) titers determined by plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). Over 75% patients were positive for IgA/IgG antibodies in the first week. The ELISA titers did not differ during the first week; however, severe disease exhibited raised titers thereafter. Nab titers correlated with the ELISA titers in mild presentation but not in severe disease. IgA and IgG1 antibodies correlated stronger with Nabs. The findings highlighted that IgA together with IgG play an important in SARS-CoV-2 neutralization. These results will prove useful in assessing efficacy of vaccines and understanding disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshad P Patil
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Prajakta S Rane
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Shubham Shrivastava
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Sonali Palkar
- Department of Pediatrics, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Medical College, Pune, India
| | - Sanjay Lalwani
- Department of Pediatrics, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Medical College, Pune, India
| | - Akhilesh C Mishra
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Vidya A Arankalle
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
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Johnson J, Latif A, Randive B, Kadam A, Rajput U, Kinikar A, Malshe N, Lalwani S, Parikh TB, Vaidya U, Malwade S, Agarkhedkar S, Curless MS, Coffin SE, Smith RM, Westercamp M, Colantuoni E, Robinson ML, Mave V, Gupta A, Manabe YC, Milstone AM. Implementation of the Comprehensive Unit-Based Safety Program to Improve Infection Prevention and Control Practices in Four Neonatal Intensive Care Units in Pune, India. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:794637. [PMID: 35071137 PMCID: PMC8772032 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.794637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To implement the Comprehensive Unit-based Safety Program (CUSP) in four neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in Pune, India, to improve infection prevention and control (IPC) practices. Design: In this quasi-experimental study, we implemented CUSP in four NICUs in Pune, India, to improve IPC practices in three focus areas: hand hygiene, aseptic technique for invasive procedures, and medication and intravenous fluid preparation and administration. Sites received training in CUSP methodology, formed multidisciplinary teams, and selected interventions for each focus area. Process measures included fidelity to CUSP, hand hygiene compliance, and central line insertion checklist completion. Outcome measures included the rate of healthcare-associated bloodstream infection (HA-BSI), all-cause mortality, patient safety culture, and workload. Results: A total of 144 healthcare workers and administrators completed CUSP training. All sites conducted at least 75% of monthly meetings. Hand hygiene compliance odds increased 6% per month [odds ratio (OR) 1.06 (95% CI 1.03-1.10)]. Providers completed insertion checklists for 68% of neonates with a central line; 83% of checklists were fully completed. All-cause mortality and HA-BSI rate did not change significantly after CUSP implementation. Patient safety culture domains with greatest improvement were management support for patient safety (+7.6%), teamwork within units (+5.3%), and organizational learning-continuous improvement (+4.7%). Overall workload increased from a mean score of 46.28 ± 16.97 at baseline to 65.07 ± 19.05 at follow-up (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: CUSP implementation increased hand hygiene compliance, successful implementation of a central line insertion checklist, and improvements in safety culture in four Indian NICUs. This multimodal strategy is a promising framework for low- and middle-income country healthcare facilities to reduce HAI risk in neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Johnson
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Asad Latif
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Armstrong Institute for Patient Safety and Quality, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Bharat Randive
- Byramjee-Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College-Johns Hopkins University Clinical Research Site, Pune, India
| | - Abhay Kadam
- Byramjee-Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College-Johns Hopkins University Clinical Research Site, Pune, India
| | - Uday Rajput
- Department of Pediatrics, Byramjee-Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College, Pune, India
| | - Aarti Kinikar
- Department of Pediatrics, Byramjee-Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College, Pune, India
| | - Nandini Malshe
- Department of Neonatology, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to Be University Medical College, Pune, India
| | - Sanjay Lalwani
- Department of Pediatrics, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to Be University Medical College, Pune, India
| | - Tushar B Parikh
- Department of Pediatrics, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Pune, India
| | - Umesh Vaidya
- Department of Pediatrics, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Pune, India
| | - Sudhir Malwade
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Pune, India
| | | | - Melanie S Curless
- Department of Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Control, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Susan E Coffin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Rachel M Smith
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | - Elizabeth Colantuoni
- Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Matthew L Robinson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Vidya Mave
- Byramjee-Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College-Johns Hopkins University Clinical Research Site, Pune, India.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Amita Gupta
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yukari C Manabe
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Aaron M Milstone
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Kulkarni R, Patil HP, Palkar S, Lalwani S, Mishra AC, Arankalle V. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody response among Indian COVID-19 patients using β-propiolactone-inactivated, whole virus-based indirect ELISA. J Virol Methods 2020; 287:113996. [PMID: 33126149 PMCID: PMC7581401 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2020.113996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome - coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to affect many countries and large populations. Serologic assays for antibody detection aid patient diagnosis and seroepidemiologic investigations. METHODS An indirect IgG ELISA was developed indigenously using β-propiolactone (BPL) inactivated SARS-CoV-2. This assay was used for screening 200 healthy donor sera collected prior to COVID-19 emergence (2017-2019), 185 serum/plasma samples of confirmed COVID-19 patients (n = 137) and 57 samples of viral RNA positive asymptomatic contacts (n = 51). The IgG response was studied in relation to duration and severity of illness. RESULTS The ELISA demonstrated 97 % specificity and IgG detection in >50 %, 80 %, 93.8 % and 100 % of the patients respectively during the first, second, third and fourth week of illness. IgG detection rate was higher in patients with severe disease (SD, 90.9 %) than those with mild disease (MD, 68.8 %) during the second week of illness (P = 0.027). IgG seropositivity among asymptomatic contacts was 64.7 %. IgG ELISA absorbance values were higher in SD than MD patients during the first 2 weeks of illness (P < 0.05). No significant difference was observed between the absorbance values of asymptomatic subjects and MD patients (P = 0.94). CONCLUSION The BPL inactivated virus-based ELISA could detect IgG antibodies early and in a significant proportion of COVID-19 patients suggesting its potential utility as a supplement to the currently used viral RNA detection tests in patient diagnosis and contact screening algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruta Kulkarni
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Harshad P Patil
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Sonali Palkar
- Department of Pediatrics, Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College, Pune, India
| | - Sanjay Lalwani
- Department of Pediatrics, Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College, Pune, India
| | - Akhilesh Chandra Mishra
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Vidya Arankalle
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India.
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Murarkar S, Gothankar J, Doke P, Pore P, Lalwani S, Dhumale G, Quraishi S, Patil R, Waghachavare V, Dhobale R, Rasote K, Palkar S, Malshe N. Prevalence and determinants of undernutrition among under-five children residing in urban slums and rural area, Maharashtra, India: a community-based cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1559. [PMID: 33066763 PMCID: PMC7565769 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09642-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Undernutrition among under five children in India is a major public health problem. Despite India's growth in the economy, the child mortality rate due to undernutrition is still high in both urban and rural areas. Studies that focus on urban slums are scarce. Hence the present study was carried out to assess the prevalence and determinants of undernutrition in children under five in Maharashtra, India. METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 16 randomly selected clusters in two districts of Maharashtra state, India. Data were collected through house to house survey by interviewing mothers of under five children. Total 2929 mothers and their 3671 under five children were covered. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify the determinants of child nutritional status seperately in urban and rural areas. RESULTS The mean age of the children was 2.38 years (±SD 1.36) and mean age of mothers was 24.25 years (± SD 6.37). Overall prevalence of stunting among children under five was 45.9%, wasting was 17.1 and 35.4% children were underweight. Prevalence of wasting, stunting and underweight were more seen in an urban slum than a rural area. In the rural areas exclusive breast feeding (p < 0.001) and acute diarrhea (p = 0.001) were associated with wasting, children with birth order 2 or less than 2 were associated with stunting and exclusive breast feeding (p < 0.05) and low maternal education were associated with underweight. Whereas in the urban slums exclusive breast feeding (p < 0.05) was associated with wasting, sex of the child (p < 0.05) and type of family (p < 0.05) were associated with stunting,and low income of the family (p < 0.05) was associated with underweight. CONCLUSIONS Factors like sex of the child, birth order,exclusive breast feeding,economic status of the family, type of family,acute diarrhea and maternal education have influence on nutritional status of the child. Improvement of maternal education will improve the nutritional status of the child. Strategies are needed to improve the economic status of the community. TRIAL REGISTRATION Trial registration number: CTRI/2017/12/010881 ; Registration date:14/12/2017. Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujata Murarkar
- Department of Community Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University Medical College, Off Pune Satara Road, Pune, 411043, India
| | - Jayashree Gothankar
- Department of Community Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University Medical College, Off Pune Satara Road, Pune, 411043, India.
| | - Prakash Doke
- Department of Community Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University Medical College, Off Pune Satara Road, Pune, 411043, India
| | - Prasad Pore
- Department of Community Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University Medical College, Off Pune Satara Road, Pune, 411043, India
| | - Sanjay Lalwani
- Department of Pediatrics, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University Medical College, Pune, India
| | - Girish Dhumale
- Department of Community Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University Medical College, Sangli, India
| | - Sanjay Quraishi
- Department of Community Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University Medical College, Sangli, India
| | - Reshma Patil
- Department of Community Medicine, Symbiosis Medical College for women, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vivek Waghachavare
- Department of Community Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University Medical College, Sangli, India
| | - Randhir Dhobale
- Department of Community Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University Medical College, Sangli, India
| | - Kirti Rasote
- Department of Community Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University Medical College, Sangli, India
| | - Sonali Palkar
- Department of Community Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University Medical College, Off Pune Satara Road, Pune, 411043, India
| | - Nandini Malshe
- Department of Pediatrics, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University Medical College, Pune, India
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Randhir K, Pisal H, Kadam V, Khaire-Ghadge A, Malshe N, Deshpande R, Palkar S, Lalwani S, Kumaran K, Yajnik C, Osmond C, Fall C, Joshi S. Association of preeclampsia with anthropometric measures and blood pressure in Indian children. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231989. [PMID: 32369488 PMCID: PMC7199948 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Birth weight and post-natal growth are important predictors of adult health. Preeclampsia (PE) is associated with low birth weight and may have long term effects on the health of the children. The current study aims to compare anthropometry and blood pressure between children of mothers with and without PE in an Indian cohort. METHODS We studied children born to women with (PE; n = 211) and without preeclampsia (non-PE; n = 470) at Bharati Hospital, Pune, India. Anthropometry and blood pressure were measured in children at 3-7 years of age. Weight and height Z-scores were calculated using the WHO 2006 growth reference. Independent t-tests were used to compare means between the two groups, and associations between preeclampsia and child outcomes were analyzed using multiple linear regression, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Weight and height Z-scores (p = 0.04 and 0.008), and subscapular skinfold thickness (p = 0.03) were higher among children of PE compared with children of non-PE mothers. Systolic blood pressure was also higher in children of PE mothers (1.70 mmHg [95% CI 0.05, 2.90] p = 0.006). BMI and diastolic blood pressure did not differ between groups. In regression models adjusted for newborn weight and gestational age, current age and sex, and maternal height, BMI and socio-economic status, children of PE mothers had higher weight Z-score (0.27 SD [95%CI 0.06, 0.48] p = 0.01), height Z-score (0.28 SD [95%CI 0.09, 0.47] p = 0.005), and subscapular skinfold thickness (0.38 mm [95%CI 0.00, 0.76] p = 0.049). A trend for higher systolic blood pressure (1.59 mmHg [95%CI -0.02, 3.20] p = 0.053) in the children was also observed in the adjusted model. The difference in systolic blood pressure was attenuated after adjusting further for the child's weight and height (1.09 mmHg [95%CI -0.48, 2.67] p = 0.17). There was no evidence of differences in effects between boys and girls. CONCLUSION Children of PE mothers were taller and heavier, and had higher systolic blood pressure, partly explained by their increased body size, than children of non-PE mothers. In utero exposure to preeclampsia may increase the risk of future cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuna Randhir
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Katraj, Pune, India
| | - Hemlata Pisal
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Katraj, Pune, India
| | - Vrushali Kadam
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Katraj, Pune, India
| | - Amrita Khaire-Ghadge
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Katraj, Pune, India
| | - Nandini Malshe
- Dept. of Pediatrics, Bharati Hospital and Research Centre, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Katraj, Pune, India
| | - Ruma Deshpande
- Dept. of Pediatrics, Bharati Hospital and Research Centre, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Katraj, Pune, India
| | - Sonali Palkar
- Dept. of Pediatrics, Bharati Hospital and Research Centre, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Katraj, Pune, India
| | - Sanjay Lalwani
- Dept. of Pediatrics, Bharati Hospital and Research Centre, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Katraj, Pune, India
| | - Kalyanaraman Kumaran
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Clive Osmond
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Fall
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Sadhana Joshi
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Katraj, Pune, India
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Garland SM, Pitisuttithum P, Ngan HYS, Cho CH, Lee CY, Chen CA, Yang YC, Chu TY, Twu NF, Samakoses R, Takeuchi Y, Cheung TH, Kim SC, Huang LM, Kim BG, Kim YT, Kim KH, Song YS, Lalwani S, Kang JH, Sakamoto M, Ryu HS, Bhatla N, Yoshikawa H, Ellison MC, Han SR, Moeller E, Murata S, Ritter M, Sawata M, Shields C, Walia A, Perez G, Luxembourg A. Efficacy, Immunogenicity, and Safety of a 9-Valent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine: Subgroup Analysis of Participants From Asian Countries. J Infect Dis 2019; 218:95-108. [PMID: 29767739 PMCID: PMC5989602 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A 9-valent human papillomavirus-6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58 (9vHPV) vaccine extends coverage to 5 next most common oncogenic types (31/33/45/52/58) in cervical cancer versus quadrivalent HPV (qHPV) vaccine. We describe efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety in Asian participants (India, Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Taiwan, and Thailand) from 2 international studies: a randomized, double-blinded, qHPV vaccine-controlled efficacy study (young women aged 16–26 years; NCT00543543; Study 001); and an immunogenicity study (girls and boys aged 9–15 years; NCT00943722; Study 002). Methods Participants (N = 2519) were vaccinated at day 1 and months 2 and 6. Gynecological samples (Study 001 only) and serum were collected for HPV DNA and antibody assessments, respectively. Injection-site and systemic adverse events (AEs) were monitored. Data were analyzed by country and vaccination group. Results 9vHPV vaccine prevented HPV-31/33/45/52/58–related persistent infection with 90.4%–100% efficacy across included countries. At month 7, ≥97.9% of participants seroconverted for each HPV type. Injection-site AEs occurred in 77.7%–83.1% and 81.9%–87.5% of qHPV and 9vHPV vaccine recipients in Study 001, respectively, and 62.4%–85.7% of girls/boys in Study 002; most were mild to moderate. Conclusions The 9vHPV vaccine is efficacious, immunogenic, and well tolerated in Asian participants. Data support 9vHPV vaccination programs in Asia. Clinical Trials Registration NCT00543543; NCT00943722.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Garland
- Western Pacific Regional HPV Labnet Reference Laboratory, Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, Royal Women's Hospital, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - H Y S Ngan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, the University of Hong Kong, China
| | - C-H Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - C-Y Lee
- Department of Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Branch, Taipei
| | - C-A Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei
| | - Y C Yang
- MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei
| | - T-Y Chu
- Tzu Chi Medical Center, Hualien
| | - N-F Twu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - R Samakoses
- Department of Pediatrics, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - T H Cheung
- Department of Obstetric and Gynaecology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
| | - S C Kim
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, School of Medicine Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - L-M Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - B-G Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Y-T Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asian Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - K-H Kim
- Department of Pediatrics and Center for Vaccine Evaluation and Study, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Y-S Song
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S Lalwani
- Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Medical College and Hospital, Pune, India
| | - J-H Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, South Korea
| | - M Sakamoto
- Department of Gynaecology, Sasaki Foundation Kyoundo Hospital and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, the Jikei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H-S Ryu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - N Bhatla
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - H Yoshikawa
- Ibaraki Prefectural Central Hospital, Kasama, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | | | - E Moeller
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | | | - M Ritter
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | | | - C Shields
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - A Walia
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - G Perez
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey
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Arankalle V, Tiraki D, Kulkarni R, Palkar S, Malshe N, Lalwani S, Mishra A. Age-stratified anti-HAV positivity in Pune, India after two decades: Has voluntary vaccination impacted overall exposure to HAV? J Viral Hepat 2019; 26:757-760. [PMID: 30739364 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
The degree of transmission of hepatitis A virus (HAV) is inversely proportional to the socioeconomic status of a community. Serosurveys conducted at Pune, India during 1982-98 documented significant reduction in HAV exposure of paediatric, higher socioeconomic status (HSS) population. Anti-HAV positivity (ELISA) in age-stratified Pune population representing HSS and lower middle socioeconomic status (LMSS) (n = 1065) and infants till the age of 15 months (n = 690) was determined in 2017. Anti-HAV positivity in the LMSS population decreased significantly in 2017 while an increase was seen in the HSS category. The surprising rise in anti-HAV positivity in the HSS population reflected vaccine- and infection-induced antibodies while only infection-induced antibodies were present in the LMSS category. Lowest antibody prevalence in infants was at 12 months, the recommended age for hepatitis A vaccination. Improved hygiene and selective immunization practices impacted HAV exposure of the LMSS population. The data emphasize the need for hepatitis A vaccination irrespective of socioeconomic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Arankalle
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Divya Tiraki
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Ruta Kulkarni
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Sonali Palkar
- Department of Pediatrics, Bharati Medical College and Research Center, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed To Be University), Pune, India
| | - Nandini Malshe
- Department of Pediatrics, Bharati Medical College and Research Center, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed To Be University), Pune, India
| | - Sanjay Lalwani
- Department of Pediatrics, Bharati Medical College and Research Center, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed To Be University), Pune, India
| | - Akhilesh Mishra
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
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Arankalle VA, Kulkarni R, Malshe N, Palkar S, Lalwani S, Mishra AC. Seroepidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus in western India with special reference to appropriate age for infant vaccination. J Med Virol 2019; 91:1566-1570. [PMID: 31012488 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes significant infant mortality worldwide and a vaccine may be available soon. This study determined age-stratified anti-RSV antibody positivity (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]) at Pune, India (cord blood-85 years). Antibody positivity declined from 100% at birth to 71.3% (3 months), and 0.7% (6 months). A significant rise was noted at 15 months (16%), 16 to 24 months (64.5%) and 4 years (95.2%) with concomitant IgM-anti-RSV positivity indicative of recent infection. Antibody decline was higher in infants born preterm than full-term. Across subsequent age groups including the elderly, antibody positivity was similar and comparable, suggestive of repeated exposure to the virus. Early protection/vaccination is essential for the infant population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya A Arankalle
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Ruta Kulkarni
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Nandini Malshe
- Department of Pediatrics, Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College, Pune, India
| | - Sonali Palkar
- Department of Pediatrics, Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College, Pune, India
| | - Sanjay Lalwani
- Department of Pediatrics, Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College, Pune, India
| | - Akhilesh Chandra Mishra
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
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Bavdekar A, Malshe N, Ravichandran L, Sapru A, Kawade A, Lalwani S, Palkar S, Hanumante N, Gunale B, Kapse D, Chaudhari A, Miller T, Saganic L, Jarrahian C, McGray S, Zehrung D, Kulkarni PS. Clinical study of safety and immunogenicity of pentavalent DTP-HB-Hib vaccine administered by disposable-syringe jet injector in India. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2019; 14:100321. [PMID: 30899835 PMCID: PMC6406170 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2019.100321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction We conducted a randomized, observer-blind, non-inferiority, parallel-group clinical study of diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B, and Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate (pentavalent) vaccination of infants in India. Goals were to determine whether the seropositivity rate after vaccination via disposable-syringe jet injector (DSJI) was non-inferior to that via needle and syringe (N-S), and to compare the safety of vaccination by the two methods. Methods Healthy children received a three-dose series of vaccine intramuscularly by DSJI or N-S beginning at 6–8 weeks of age. Immunoglobulin G antibody levels were measured by ELISA at 4–6 weeks after the third dose. The main secondary endpoint was safety, measured as injection site and systemic reactions. Discussion The study was stopped early out of caution beyond that specified in the protocol stopping criteria, after the Data Safety Committee noted a higher frequency of injection site reactions, especially moderate and severe, in the DSJI group. As a result, 128 subjects—DSJI group 61; N-S group 67—completed the study, rather than the 340 planned, and the study was not sufficiently powered to compare immunogenicity endpoints for the groups. Descriptive statistics indicate that seropositivity induced by vaccination with the DSJI was similar to that of N-S for all five antigens. Pentavalent vaccine includes whole-cell pertussis vaccine and an aluminum adjuvant, which may have contributed to the higher number of local reactions with the DSJI. The reactions caused no serious or long-term sequelae, and may be more acceptable in other populations or circumstances. US National Institutes of Health clinical trials identifier: NCT02409095.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nandini Malshe
- Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Medical College, Pune, India
| | | | | | | | - Sanjay Lalwani
- Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Medical College, Pune, India
| | - Sonali Palkar
- Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Medical College, Pune, India
| | - Neeta Hanumante
- Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Medical College, Pune, India
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Mahankar P, bafna V, bartakke S, Lalwani S, Kalrao V, Oswal J. Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of liver (UESL) - a case report. Pediatric Hematology Oncology Journal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phoj.2019.08.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Mahankar P, Bafna V, Bartakke S, Lalwani S, Kalrao V, Oswal J. Vitamin D Deficiency Rickets Induced Myelofibrosis- A case report. Pediatric Hematology Oncology Journal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phoj.2019.08.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Gothankar J, Doke P, Dhumale G, Pore P, Lalwani S, Quraishi S, Murarkar S, Patil R, Waghachavare V, Dhobale R, Rasote K, Palkar S, Malshe N. Reported incidence and risk factors of childhood pneumonia in India: a community-based cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:1111. [PMID: 30200933 PMCID: PMC6131850 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5996-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pneumonia is responsible for high morbidity and mortality amongst children under five year of age. India accounts for one-third of the total WHO South East Asia burden of under-five mortality. There is a paucity of epidemiological studies indicating the true burden of pneumonia. Identification of the risk factors associated with pneumonia will help to effectively plan and implement the preventive measures for its reduction. Methods It was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in 16 randomly selected clusters in two districts of Maharashtra state, India. All mothers of under-five children in the selected clusters were included. A validated pretested interview schedule was filled by trained field supervisors through the house to house visits.WHO definition was used to define and classify clinical pneumonia. Height and weight of children were taken as per standard guidelines. Quality checks for data collection were done by the site investigators and critical and noncritical fields in the questionnaire were monitored during data entry. For continuous variables mean and SD were calculated. Chi-square test was applied to determine the association between the variables. Level of significance was considered at 0.05. Results There were 3671 under five-year children, 2929 mothers in 10,929 households.Unclean fuel usage was found in 15.1% of households. Mean birth weight was 2.6 kg (SD;0.61). Exclusive breastfeeding till 6 months of age was practiced by 46% of mothers. Reported incidence of ARI was 0.49 per child per month and the reported incidence of pneumonia was 0.075 per child per year. It was not associated with any of the housing environment factors (p > 0.05) but was found to be associated with partial immunization (p < 0.05). Poor practices related to child feeding, hand hygiene and poor knowledge related to signs and symptoms of pneumonia amongst mother were found. Conclusions Very low incidence of pneumonia was observed in Pune and Sangli districts of Maharashtra. Partial immunization emerged as a most important risk factor. Reasons for low incidence and lack of association of pneumonia with known risk factors may be a better literacy rate among mothers and better immunization coverage. Trial registration Registration number of the trial- CTRI/2017/12/010881; date of registration-14/12/2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayashree Gothankar
- Department of Community Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University Medical College, Off Pune Satara Road, Pune, 411043, India.
| | - Prakash Doke
- Department of Community Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University Medical College, Off Pune Satara Road, Pune, 411043, India
| | - Girish Dhumale
- Department of Community Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University Medical College, Sangli, India
| | - Prasad Pore
- Department of Community Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University Medical College, Off Pune Satara Road, Pune, 411043, India
| | - Sanjay Lalwani
- Department of Pediatrics, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University Medical College, Pune, India
| | - Sanjay Quraishi
- Department of Community Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University Medical College, Sangli, India
| | - Sujata Murarkar
- Department of Community Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University Medical College, Off Pune Satara Road, Pune, 411043, India
| | - Reshma Patil
- Department of Community Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University Medical College, Off Pune Satara Road, Pune, 411043, India
| | - Vivek Waghachavare
- Department of Community Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University Medical College, Sangli, India
| | - Randhir Dhobale
- Department of Community Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University Medical College, Sangli, India
| | - Kirti Rasote
- Department of Community Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University Medical College, Sangli, India
| | - Sonali Palkar
- Department of Community Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University Medical College, Off Pune Satara Road, Pune, 411043, India
| | - Nandini Malshe
- Department of Pediatrics, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University Medical College, Pune, India
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Ray S, Mehta NN, Mehrotra S, Lalwani S, Mangla V, Yadav A, Nundy S. Effect of informed consent on patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery and living donor liver transplantation and on their relatives in a developing country. BJS Open 2018; 2:34-39. [PMID: 29951627 PMCID: PMC5989942 DOI: 10.1002/bjs5.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Informed consent is a systematic process for obtaining permission before conducting a healthcare intervention. In a developing country, gaining informed consent is generally perceived to be a ritual only to comply with legal requirements. The present study examined this by assessing the process of informed consent in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery or living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) and their relatives, based on their comprehension and overall satisfaction, in India. Methods All patients undergoing any gastrointestinal surgery or LDLT procedure between August 2015 and July 2016 and their relatives were included, and were administered a structured questionnaire 5 days after the procedure. Results The majority of patients (94·2 per cent) could recall the nature of their disease, the surgery performed (81·6 per cent) and anticipated complications (55·6 per cent). Among their relatives, these proportions were 97·8, 87·3 and 58·5 per cent respectively. Recall was associated with age, occupation and education among both patients and relatives. Patients undergoing LDLT, their donors and their relatives had better recall than those who had other gastrointestinal procedures (P < 0·001). Many patients found the process of informed consent useful and reassuring. Conclusion The details and risks of an operation were understood by most of the patients, especially those undergoing liver transplantation. Patients from developing countries can generally understand ‘informed consent’, and value it.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ray
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology and Liver Transplantation Sir Ganga Ram Hospital New Delhi India
| | - N N Mehta
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology and Liver Transplantation Sir Ganga Ram Hospital New Delhi India
| | - S Mehrotra
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology and Liver Transplantation Sir Ganga Ram Hospital New Delhi India
| | - S Lalwani
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology and Liver Transplantation Sir Ganga Ram Hospital New Delhi India
| | - V Mangla
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology and Liver Transplantation Sir Ganga Ram Hospital New Delhi India
| | - A Yadav
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology and Liver Transplantation Sir Ganga Ram Hospital New Delhi India
| | - S Nundy
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology and Liver Transplantation Sir Ganga Ram Hospital New Delhi India
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Gupta PN, Aung N, Bafna V, Bartakke S, Singh D, Lalwani S. Vagina As A Rare Site Of Extragonadal Endodermal Sinus Tumour. Pediatric Hematology Oncology Journal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phoj.2018.11.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Mathur P, Sagar S, Kumar S, Sharma V, Gupta D, Lalwani S, Rani R, Muruganantham A. Does the presence of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase and New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 genes in pathogens lead to fatal outcome? Indian J Med Microbiol 2017; 34:495-499. [PMID: 27934829 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.195367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infections due to multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens are a medical challenge. There is considerable apprehension among clinicians regarding pathogens reported as carrying New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM) and Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) genes from their patients. In the face of extremely high rates of antimicrobial resistance, it is essential to gauge the clinical significance of isolation of pathogens carrying these genes from clinical samples. This study compares the outcome of patients infected with pathogens carrying NDM/KPC genes versus those without these genes. METHODS The study was conducted over a 1-year period at a Level-1 trauma centre. Hospital-acquired infections were diagnosed on the basis of CDC's criteria. The correlation of isolation of a multi-resistant pathogen carrying KPC or NDM genes with the clinical outcome was ascertained. RESULTS A total of 276 consecutive patients admitted to the Intensive Care Units/wards of the JPNA Trauma Centre were included in this study. Of the 371 isolates recovered from these patients, 116 were from patients who had a fatal outcome. The difference in prevalence of blaNDMand blaKPCwas not significant in any genera of Gram-negative pathogens isolated from patients who survived versus those who had a fatal outcome. CONCLUSION Isolation of MDR pathogens carrying NDM/KPC genes from clinical samples is not always a harbinger of a fatal outcome. Efforts should be made to prevent cross-transmission of these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mathur
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - S Sagar
- Department of Surgery, Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - S Kumar
- Department of Surgery, Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - V Sharma
- Department of Orthopedica, Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - D Gupta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - S Lalwani
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - R Rani
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - A Muruganantham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Centre, All Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Patel P, Bafna V, Bartakke S, Gupta P, Mankar S, Oswal J, Kalrao V, Lalwani S. Pure red cell aplasia due to parvovirus B19 in pediatric malignancies – a report of two cases. Pediatric Hematology Oncology Journal 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phoj.2017.11.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Patel P, Bafna V, Bartakke S, Singh D, Jahagirdar R, Oswal J, Kalrao V, Lalwani S. Pleuropulmonary blastoma – Report of two cases. Pediatric Hematology Oncology Journal 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phoj.2017.11.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Manoharan A, Manchanda V, Balasubramanian S, Lalwani S, Modak M, Bai S, Vijayan A, Shet A, Nagaraj S, Karande S, Nataraj G, Yewale VN, Joshi SA, Iyer RN, Santosham M, Kahn GD, Knoll MD. Invasive pneumococcal disease in children aged younger than 5 years in India: a surveillance study. Lancet Infect Dis 2016; 17:305-312. [PMID: 27956163 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(16)30466-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Invasive pneumococcal disease continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality among children younger than 5 years of age in India. We aimed to provide nationally representative data for the pattern of disease due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, trends in the serotype of invasive pneumococci, and invasive pneumococci antimicrobial resistance patterns, in India. METHODS In this prospective hospital-based and retrospective laboratory-based surveillance study, we prospectively enrolled children aged younger than 5 years with suspected or proven invasive pneumococcal disease from 18 hospitals or institutional centres and retrospectively included laboratory-confirmed pneumococcal isolates from ten sentinel laboratories, together representing 11 states in India. Eligibility criteria were fever higher than 38°C without localising symptoms, clinical presentation of suspected meningitis or pneumonia, and evidence of radiographic pneumonia. We cultured blood and other normally sterile body fluids, reconfirmed and serotyped pneumococcal isolates, and established antimicrobial susceptibility using standard study protocols. FINDINGS Between Jan 1, 2011, and June 30, 2015, we enrolled 4377 patients. Among 361 (8%) patients with culture-proven pneumococcal disease, all clinical data were known for 226 (63%); among these patients, 132 (58%) presented with pneumonia, 78 (35%) presented with meningitis, and 16 (7%) had other clinical conditions. 131 (3%) died overall and 29 (8%) patients with invasive pneumococcal disease died. Serotypes 14 (52 [14%] of 361), 1 (49 [14%]), 5 (37 [10%]), and 19F (33 [9%]) were the most common. Penicillin non-susceptibility occurred in isolates from 29 (8%) patients, co-trimoxazole resistance occurred in 239 (66%), erythromycin resistance occurred in 132 (37%), and chloramphenicol resistance occurred in 33 (9%). We found multidrug resistance in 33 (9%) of 361 patients. INTERPRETATION The proportion of positive blood cultures, number of isolates, geographical representation, and data generated over the 4·5 years of the study are representative of data for most of India. Continued surveillance is warranted as the decision to introduce protein conjugated vaccine in India is made. FUNDING GlaxoSmithKline India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Manoharan
- Pushpagiri Research Centre, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Science and Research Centre, Tiruvalla, Kerala, India.
| | - Vikas Manchanda
- Department of Microbiology, Chacha Nehru Bal Chikitsalya, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Sundaram Balasubramanian
- Department of Pediatrics, Kanchi Kamakoti CHILDS Trust Hospital, and CHILDS Trust Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sanjay Lalwani
- Department of Pediatrics, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Meera Modak
- Department of Microbiology, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sushama Bai
- Department of Pediatrics, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Science and Research Centre, Tiruvalla, Kerala, India
| | - Ajith Vijayan
- Department of Microbiology, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Science and Research Centre, Tiruvalla, Kerala, India
| | - Anita Shet
- Department of Pediatrics, St John's Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Savitha Nagaraj
- Department of Microbiology, St John's Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sunil Karande
- Department of Pediatrics, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Gita Nataraj
- Department of Microbiology, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vijay N Yewale
- Dr Yewale Multispecialty Hospital for Children, Vashi, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shrikrishna A Joshi
- Dr Joshi's Central Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Vashi, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ranganathan N Iyer
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Global Hospitals, Lakdi-Ka Pul, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Mathuram Santosham
- Department of International Health and International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Geoffrey D Kahn
- Department of International Health and International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maria Deloria Knoll
- Department of International Health and International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of a fully liquid, hexavalent diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis-inactivated poliovirus-hepatitis B-Haemophilus influenzae type b (DTaP-IPV- HB-PRP~T) vaccine in Indian infants. DESIGN Phase III, single-arm study. SETTING Two tertiary care hospitals. PARTICIPANTS 177 healthy, 6-week-old infants. INTERVENTION All participants received hepatitis B vaccine and Oral polio vaccine (OPV) at birth and DTaP-IPV-HB-PRP~T at 6, 10, 14 weeks of age. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Serum was analyzed for immune responses to all antigens 1 month post- 3rd dose; safety was assessed for 30 minutes post-vaccination, and for 7 days (solicited reactions) and 30 days (unsolicited events). RESULTS Seroprotection rates were 100% for anti-HB (>10 mIU/mL), anti-PRP (>0.15 ug/mL), anti-T (>0.01 IU/mL), anti-polio 1, 2, and 3 (>8 [1/dil]), and 99.3% for diphtheria (>0.01 IU/mL). For the pertussis antigens, vaccine response rate was 93.8% for anti-PT and 99.3% for anti-FHA. 37.9% and 54.6% of participants experienced at least one solicited injection site and systemic reaction, respectively, and 20.3% of participants experienced at least one unsolicited event (none of which was related to the vaccination). Four serious adverse events (including one death) were reported, but none was related to the vaccination. CONCLUSION The fully liquid DTaP-IPV-HB-PRP~T vaccine is highly immunogenic in infants in India when administered in a 6, 10, 14 week schedule along with HB and OPV administered at birth, and was well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jugesh Chhatwal
- Pediatrics Department, CMC and Hospital, Brown Road, Ludhiana, Punjab; #Pediatrics Department, Bharati Vidyapeeth University Medical College, Pune; India; and *Sanofi Pasteur, Lyon, France. Correspondence to: Emmanuel Vidor, Sanofi Pasteur, 2 avenue Pont Pasteur, 69367 Lyon, France.
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Dangat K, Upadhyay D, Kilari A, Sharma U, Kemse N, Mehendale S, Lalwani S, Wagh G, Joshi S, Jagannathan NR. Altered breast milk components in preeclampsia; An in-vitro proton NMR spectroscopy study. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 463:75-83. [PMID: 27742491 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the metabolic profile of milk on day 3 and at the 6th month of lactation in mothers with preeclampsia (PE) and normotensive mothers. STUDY DESIGN Women with PE (n=29) and control women (n=31) were recruited for this study. Milk was collected on day 3 and at the 6th month of lactation. Proton NMR spectroscopy was used to identify 25 milk metabolites (alpha-lactose, beta-lactose, oligosaccharides, myo-inositol, alanine, glutamate, glutamine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, valine, acetone, citrate, creatine, phosphocreatine, acetate, choline, lactate, lipid, phosphocholine and glycerophosphocholine). Principle component analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) were carried out to identify differences in milk metabolite composition between both the groups. RESULTS The levels of milk metabolites varied between the control and PE groups. Alpha and beta-lactose, glycine, glycerophosphocholine (p<0.01 for all); glutamate, glutamine and phosphocholine levels (p<0.05 for all) were increased at the 6th month as compared to day 3 of lactation in the control group. However, in the PE group, only glycerophosphocholine level showed an increase (p<0.01) at the 6th month. The levels of acetate, acetone (p<0.05 for both) and creatine (p<0.01) decreased at the 6th month as compared to day 3 of lactation in both groups. However, the levels of oligosaccharides were similar between groups and also similar at day 3 and at the 6th month of lactation. CONCLUSION Our data indicates differential levels of metabolites in the milk of women with PE. Future studies are required to investigate the associations between milk components and infant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamini Dangat
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune 411043, India
| | - Deepti Upadhyay
- Department of NMR and MRI Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110 029, India
| | - Anitha Kilari
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune 411043, India
| | - Uma Sharma
- Department of NMR and MRI Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110 029, India
| | - Nisha Kemse
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune 411043, India
| | - Savita Mehendale
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bharati Medical College and Hospital, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune 411043, India
| | - Sanjay Lalwani
- Department of Pediatrics, Bharati Medical College and Hospital, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune 411043, India
| | - Girija Wagh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bharati Medical College and Hospital, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune 411043, India
| | - Sadhana Joshi
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune 411043, India.
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Mochan S, Bhardwaj D, Lalwani S, Kumar R, Dhingra R. Plastination of human lungs using silicon polymer (S-10). J ANAT SOC INDIA 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jasi.2016.08.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Vemuri A, Lalwani S. Multi Organ Dysfunction in Term Neonates with Perinatal Asphyxia. J Nepal Paedtr Soc 2016. [DOI: 10.3126/jnps.v35i3.12156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Multiorgan dysfunction (MOD) is one of the four consensus based criteria for the diagnosis of intrapartum asphyxia. The theoretical concept behind MOD is the diving reflex -conservation of blood flow to vital organs at the cost of non-vital organs. The objective of this study was to assess the patterns of involvement of each major organ/system in term asphyxiated neonates.Material and Methods: This was a hospital based prospective study. Sixty term neonates who had suffered perinatal asphyxia were assessed for central nervous system, kidney, cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal system and liver dysfunction. Results: Out of 60 eligible neonates, 57 (95%) had evidence of at least one organ dysfunction. Cardiovascular system involvement (95%) was most common, followed by renal system (37%), hepatic system (22%), central nervous system and hematological system (20% each) and finally, gastrointestinal tract (8%).Conclusion: MOD is frequently associated with perinatal asphyxia with cardiovascular system being the most commonly affected.J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2015;35(3):307-311.
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Ranjan P, Bansal RK, Mehta N, Lalwani S, Kumaran V, Sachdeva MK, Kumar M, Nundy S. Endoscopic management of post-liver transplant billiary complications: A prospective study from tertiary centre in India. Indian J Gastroenterol 2016; 35:48-54. [PMID: 26873087 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-016-0625-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver transplantation has become common in India over the last decade and biliary strictures after the procedure cause a significant morbidity. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a safe and effective treatment modality for post-transplant biliary strictures so we decided to evaluate prospectively the outcomes of endoscopic treatment in post-living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) biliary strictures. METHODS We studied ten consecutive patients who had developed biliary strictures (out of 312 who had undergone liver transplantation between June 2009 and June 2013) and had been referred to the Department of Gastroenterology for management. All patients underwent liver function tests, ultrasound of the abdomen, magnetic resonance cholangiography and liver biopsy, if this was indicated. RESULTS Of these 312 patients who underwent liver transplantation, 305 had living donors (LDLT) and 7 deceased donors (DDLT). Ten patients in the LDLT group (3.3%) developed biliary strictures. There were seven males and three females who had median age of 52 years (range 4-60 years). The biliary anastomosis was duct-to-duct in all patients with one patient having an additional duct-to-jejunum anastomosis. The mode of presentation was cholangitis in four patients (40%), asymptomatic elevation of liver enzymes in four (40%) and jaundice in two patients (20%). The median time from transplantation to the detection of the stricture was 12 months (2-42.5 months). ERCP was attempted as initial therapy in all patients: seven were managed entirely by endoscopic therapy, and three required a combined percutaneous and endoscopic approach. Cholangiography demonstrated anastomotic stricture in all patients. A total of 32 sessions of ERCP were done with mean of 3.2 (2-5) endoscopic sessions and 3.4 (1-6) stents required to resolve the stricture. The median time from the first intervention to stricture resolution was 4 months (range 2-12 months). In four patients, the stents were removed after one session and in two patients each after two, three and four sessions. In six patients more than one stent was placed and all of them required dilatation of stricture. Seven patients completed treatment and are off stents at a median follow up period of 9.5 months (7-11 months). Two patients developed recurrence of their stricture after 7.5 months. Both had long strictures and required a combined endoscopic and percutaneous approach. There was one mortality due to sepsis secondary to cholangitis. CONCLUSIONS Post-LDLT biliary strictures can be successfully treated with ERCP, and most patients remain well on follow up (median 9.5 months). A combined endoscopic and percutaneous approach is useful when ERCP alone fails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Ranjan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Rajinder Nagar, New Delhi, 110 060, India.
| | - Rinkesh Kumar Bansal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Rajinder Nagar, New Delhi, 110 060, India
| | - N Mehta
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology and Liver Transplantation, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Rajinder Nagar, New Delhi, 110 060, India
| | - S Lalwani
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology and Liver Transplantation, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Rajinder Nagar, New Delhi, 110 060, India
| | - V Kumaran
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology and Liver Transplantation, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Rajinder Nagar, New Delhi, 110 060, India
| | - M K Sachdeva
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Rajinder Nagar, New Delhi, 110 060, India
| | - M Kumar
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Rajinder Nagar, New Delhi, 110 060, India
| | - S Nundy
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology and Liver Transplantation, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Rajinder Nagar, New Delhi, 110 060, India
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Khamkar AM, Suryawanshi PB, Maheshwari R, Patnaik S, Malshe N, Kalrao V, Lalwani S, Surwade J. Functional Neonatal Echocardiography: Indian Experience. J Clin Diagn Res 2015; 9:SC11-4. [PMID: 26816962 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2015/14440.6971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Functional echocardiography, as opposed to echocardiography as performed by the cardiologist, is the bedside utilization of cardiac ultrasound to take after functional and haemodynamic changes longitudinally. Information reflecting cardiovascular capacity and systemic and pulmonary blood flow in sick preterm and term neonates can be observed utilizing this strategy. Information is lacking on its use in neonatal units in India. AIM To characterize the impact of Functional neonatal echocardiography (FnECHO) programme on decision making in a tertiary care centre in India by evaluating its frequency of use, patient characteristics, and indications. MATERIALS AND METHODS Prospective observational study of neonates in a tertiary Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) in Pune (India) from February 2014 to January 2015. All the neonates undergoing FnECHO during this 12 month period based on clinical findings were included in the study. Data extracted from the review of the clinical notes included gestational age, birth-weight, mode of delivery, Apgar scores, details of respiratory and cardiovascular support, timing of FnECHO and any other clinical diagnosis. The findings of echocardiography were recorded and correlated with the clinical and other laboratory or X-ray findings. If these findings indicated a change in management, it was instituted. RESULTS A total of 348 echocardiographic studies were performed in 187 neonates (mean 1.86; SD 2.02). The most frequent indication was Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) assessment (n= 174, 50%), followed by haemodynamic instability (n=43, 12.36%). The results of FnECHO modified treatment in 148 cases (42.50%) in the form of addition and/or change in the treatment or avoidance of unnecessary intervention. CONCLUSION FnECHO is frequently used in the NICU setting and may be a useful tool to guide treatment. PDA assessment and haemodynamic instability are the most frequent indications. To validate its usefulness, well co-ordinated large prospective studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anilkumar Mohan Khamkar
- Assistant Professor, Department of Neonatology, BVU Medical College , Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pradeep B Suryawanshi
- Professor and Head, Department of Neonatology, BVU Medical College , Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rajesh Maheshwari
- Consultant Neonatologist, Westmead Hospital , Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Suprabha Patnaik
- Assistant Professor, Department of Neonatology, BVU Medical College , Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nandini Malshe
- Associate Professor, Department of Neonatology, BVU Medical College , Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vijay Kalrao
- Professor, Department of Paediatrics, BVU Medical College , Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sanjay Lalwani
- Professor and Head, Department of Pediatrics, BVU Medical College , Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jitendra Surwade
- Assistant Professor, Department of PSM, MNR Medical college and Hospital , Sangareddy, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Abstract
Thymoma is a rare case presenting in the paediatric age group. Only 30 cases have been reported so far. Our case is a 14 month old female, presented with respiratory distress. CT scan showed gross widening of superior mediastinum with a homogeneous opacity. Immunohistochemistry was suggestive of thymoma. She underwent excision of the thymic mass and is well at present.J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2015;35(1):76-78
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