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Johnson L, Bartlett ML, Ramirez F, Heger CD, Smith DR. Development of automated microfluidic immunoassays for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and antigen. J Immunol Methods 2024; 524:113586. [PMID: 38040191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2023.113586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic. Rapid and sensitive detection of the virus soon after infection is important for the treatment and prevention of transmission of COVID-19, and detection of antibodies is important for epidemiology, assessment of vaccine immunogenicity, and identification of the natural reservoir and intermediate host(s). Patient nasal or oropharyngeal swabs or saliva used in conjunction with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA, whereas lateral flow immunoassays (LFI) detect SARS-CoV-2 proteins. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in blood. Although effective, these assays have poor sensitivity (e.g., LFI) or are labor intensive and time consuming (PCR and ELISA). Here we describe the development of rapid, automated ELISA-based immunoassays to detect SARS-CoV-2 antigens and antibodies against the virus. The Simple Plex™ platform uses rapid microfluidic reaction kinetics for sensitive analyte detection with small sample volumes. We developed three sensitive <90-min Simple Plex immunoassays that measure either the SARS-CoV-2 antigens or the immune response to SARS-CoV-2, including neutralizing antibodies, in serum from COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linwood Johnson
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Command, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Maggie L Bartlett
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Command, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Darci R Smith
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Command, Fort Detrick, MD, USA.
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2
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Nicolai E, Tomassetti F, Pelagalli M, Sarubbi S, Minieri M, Nisini A, Nuccetelli M, Ciotti M, Pieri M, Bernardini S. The Antibodies' Response to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination: 1-Year Follow Up. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2661. [PMID: 37893035 PMCID: PMC10604657 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of vaccines has allowed the containment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at a global level. The present work aims to add data on vaccination by evaluating the level of neutralizing antibodies in individuals who have received a three-vaccination series. For this purpose, we ran a surveillance program directed at measuring the level of IgG Abs against the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) and surrogate virus neutralizing Ab (sVNT) anti-SARS-CoV-2 in the serum of individuals undergoing vaccination. This study was performed on employees from the University of Rome Tor Vergata and healthcare workers from the University Hospital who received the Vaxzevria vaccine (n = 56) and Comirnaty vaccine (n = 113), respectively. After the second dose, an increase in both RBD and sVNT Ab values was registered. In individuals who received the Comirnaty vaccine, the antibody titer was about one order of magnitude higher after 6 months from the first dose. All participants in this study received the Comirnaty vaccine as the third dose, which boosted the antibody response. Five months after the third dose, nearly one year from the first injection, the antibody level was >1000 BAU/mL (binding antibody units/mL). According to the values reported in the literature conferring protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection, our data indicate that individuals undergoing three vaccine doses present a low risk of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Nicolai
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (E.N.); (F.T.); (M.P.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Flaminia Tomassetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (E.N.); (F.T.); (M.P.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Martina Pelagalli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (E.N.); (F.T.); (M.P.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Serena Sarubbi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (E.N.); (F.T.); (M.P.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Marilena Minieri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (E.N.); (F.T.); (M.P.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (S.B.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alberto Nisini
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marzia Nuccetelli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marco Ciotti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Virology Unit, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Massimo Pieri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (E.N.); (F.T.); (M.P.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (S.B.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Sergio Bernardini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (E.N.); (F.T.); (M.P.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (S.B.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy;
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Zhou W, He P, Liu H, Wei H, Yu J. A luciferase based automated assay for rapid and sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1238:340633. [PMID: 36464447 PMCID: PMC9672313 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic brings great challenges to the public health and social economics around the world. As the pandemic continues and the mass vaccination goes on, monitoring the antibodies is particularly important for the epidemiological survey and vaccine assessment. Here, we developed a luciferase immunoprecipitation assay combined with an automated platform to detect anti-Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) antibody, where protein A and protein G modified magnetic beads were used to capture antibodies in serum samples and SARS-CoV-2 RBD was fused with Gaussia luciferase to label the captured target antibodies. The whole detection procedure can be completed within 20 min. The developed assay has proven up to 32 times more sensitive than ELISA for the detection of RBD antibodies. Furthermore, the results of the antibody detection of sera from vaccination as well as convalescence displayed good performance. The automated platform may provide a powerful tool for the control of COVID-19 pandemic by vaccination and the research of SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ping He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hongping Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China,Corresponding author. No.44 Xiaohongshan, Wuchang, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Junping Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China,Corresponding author. No.44 Xiaohongshan, Wuchang, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
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SARS-CoV-2 Serology: Utility and Limits of Different Antigen-Based Tests through the Evaluation and the Comparison of Four Commercial Tests. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123106. [PMID: 36551862 PMCID: PMC9775032 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 serology have several indications. Currently, as there are various types available, it is important to master their performance in order to choose the best test for the indication. We evaluated and compared four different commercial serology tests, three of them had the Food and Drug Administration Emergency Use Authorization (FDA-EUA). Our goal was to provide new data to help guide the interpretation and the choice of the serological tests. Methods: Four commercial tests were studied: Elecsys® Roche® on Cobas® (total anti-nucleocapsid (N) antibodies), VIDAS® Biomerieux® (IgM and IgG anti- receptor binding domain (RBD) antibodies), Mindray® (IgM and IgG anti-N and anti-RBD antibodies) and Access® Beckman Coulter® (IgG anti-RBD antibodies). Two panels were tested: a positive panel (n = 72 sera) obtained from COVID-19-confirmed patients with no vaccination history and a negative panel (n = 119) of pre-pandemic sera. The analytical performances were evaluated and the ROC curve was drawn to assess the manufacturer’s cut-off for each test. Results: A large range of variability between the tests was found. The Mindray®IgG and Cobas® tests showed the best overall sensitivity, which was equal to 79.2% CI 95% (67.9−87.8). The Cobas® test showed the best sensitivity after 14 days of COVID-19 molecular confirmation; which was equal to 85.4% CI 95% (72.2−93.9). The Access® test had a lower sensitivity, even after day 14 (55.5% CI 95% (43.4−67.3)). The best specificity was noted for the Cobas®, VIDAS®IgG and Access® IgG tests (100% CI 95% (96.9−100)). The IgM tests, VIDAS®IgM and Mindray®IgM, showed the lowest specificity and sensitivity rates. Overall, only 43 out of 72 sera (59.7%) showed concordant results by all tests. Retained cut-offs for a significantly better sensitivity and accuracy, without significant change in the specificity, were: 0.87 for Vidas®IgM (p = 0.01) and 0.14 for Access® (p < 10−4). The combination of Cobas® with Vidas® IgM and IgG offered the best accuracy in comparison with all other tests combinations. Conclusion: Although using an FDA-EUA approved serology test, each laboratory should carry out its own evaluation. Tests variability may raise some concerns that seroprevalence studies may vary significantly based on the used serology test.
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Infection Rate of Respiratory Viruses in the Pandemic SARS-CoV-2 Period Considering Symptomatic Patients: Two Years of Ongoing Observations. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070987. [PMID: 35883543 PMCID: PMC9313449 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the last two years, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has determined radical changes in human behaviors and lifestyles, with a drastic reduction in socialization due to physical distancing and self-isolation. These changes have also been reflected in the epidemiological patterns of common respiratory viruses. For this reason, early discrimination of respiratory viruses is important as new variants emerge. METHODS Nasopharyngeal swabs of 2554 patients, with clinically suspected Acute Respiratory Infections (ARIs) from October 2019 to November 2021, were collected to detect 1 or more of the 23 common respiratory pathogens, especially viruses, via BioFilmArray RP2.1plus, including SARS-CoV-2. Demographical characteristics and epidemiological analyses were performed as well as a laboratory features profile of positive patients. RESULTS An observational study on 2300 patients (254 patients were excluded because of missing data) including 1560 men and 760 women, median age of 64.5 years, was carried out. Considering the respiratory virus research request, most of the patients were admitted to the Emergency Medicine Department (41.2%, of patients), whereas 29.5% were admitted to the Infectious Diseases Department. The most frequently detected pathogens included SARS-CoV-2 (31.06%, 707/2300, from March 2020 to November 2021), InfA-B (1.86%, 43/2300), HCoV (2.17% 50/2300), and HSRV (1.65%, 38/2300). Interestingly, coinfection rates decreased dramatically in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic period. The significative decrease in positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 was associated with the massive vaccination. CONCLUSION This study represents a dynamic picture of the epidemiological curve of common respiratory viruses during the two years of pandemic, with a disregarded trend for additional viruses. Our results showed that SARS-CoV-2 had a preferential tropism for the respiratory tract without co-existing with other viruses. The possible causes were attributable either to the use of masks, social isolation, or to specific respiratory receptors mostly available for this virus, external and internal lifestyle factors, vaccination campaigns, and emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Ismail G, Abdel Halim R, Mostafa MS, H Abdelhamid D, Abdelghaffar H, Omar NN, Fahim NAE. Comparative Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 Rapid Immunochromatographic Test Assays with Chemiluminescent Immunoassay for the Diagnosis of COVID-19. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.7076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
To date, the molecular assay is the gold-standard method for COVID-19 diagnosis. However, they are expensive and complex. There is a pressing necessity for developing other effective diagnostics for SARS‐CoV‐2 patients. Therefore, serological detection of antibodies against SARS‐CoV‐2 might provide a good alternative.
Aim
We aimed to compare and evaluate seven rapid diagnostic tests with Mindray chemiluminescent automated immunoassay as a reference method for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies detection.
Methods:
This study included the serum of a total of 49 attendees to the Reference Laboratory of Egyptian university hospitals during the period from April 2021 to May 2021. Anti-Covid-19 antibodies detection in serum samples was performed by Mindray fully automated system as our reference method and seven rapid antibody tests; Wondfo, Vazyme, Dynamiker, Panbio, Artron Maccura and Roche.
Results:
The chemiluminescent assay revealed 30 (61.2%) positive samples and 19 (38.8%) negative samples for COVID-19 IgG. For COVID-19 IgM, 11 (22.4%) samples were positive and 38 (77.6%) samples were negative. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were not detected in any of the PCR negative individuals. The best diagnostic performance was demonstrated by Roche IgG and IgM, and Vazyme IgG and IgM antibody tests followed by Panbio. For Roche, the sensitivity and specificity for IgG and IgM were (83.3%, 89.5%) and (72.7%, 81.6%) respectively. Vazyme showed sensitivity and specificity for IgG and IgM were (77.8%, 85.7%) and (75%, 91.7%) respectively. Regards Panbio, the sensitivity and specificity for IgG and IgM were (63.6%, 87.5%) and (50%, 86.7%) respectively. Cohen’s Kappa values revealed a substantial agreement for Roche IgG, Vazyme IgG and IgM of (0.7076, 0.6250, 0.6667) respectively. The worst agreement was reported for Maccura IgG, Wondfo, and Dynamiker IgM with Cohen’s Kappa values of (0.2508, 0.1893, 0.0313) respectively.
Conclusions:
Rapid tests in our study exhibited heterogeneous diagnostic performances. Roche, Vazyme, and Panbio antibody tests showed promising results in concordance with our reference method with the best-reported results. On the other hand, the other tests were inferior and failed in providing valid and reliable results. Further studies are necessary to determine the practicality of these tests in different settings and communities.
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De Rienzo M, Foddai ML, Conti L, Mandoj C, Iaboni S, Saladini I, Castilletti C, Matusali G, Donno DR, Marchioni L, Ianniello S, Corpolongo A, Palange M, Ciliberto G, Piaggio G, De Marco F. Long-Term Persistence and Relevant Therapeutic Impact of High-Titer Viral-Neutralizing Antibody in a Convalescent COVID-19 Plasma Super-Donor: A Case Report. Front Immunol 2021; 12:690322. [PMID: 34497602 PMCID: PMC8419417 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.690322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A convalescent, non-severe, patient with COVID-19 was enrolled as a hyper-immune plasma voluntary donor by the Immuno-Hematology and Transfusion Unit of the Regina Elena National Cancer Institute in Rome, under the TSUNAMI national study criteria. During a nearly 6-month period (May-October 2020), the patient was closely monitored and underwent four hyperimmune plasma collections. Serum SARS-CoV-2 (anti-S + anti-N) IgG and IgM, anti-S1 IgA, and neutralizing titers (NTs) were measured. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels steadily decreased. No correlation was found between anti-S/anti-N IgG and IgM levels and viral NT, measured by either a microneutralization test or the surrogate RBD/ACE2-binding inhibition test. Conversely, NTs directly correlated with anti-S1 IgA levels. Hyperimmune donor plasma, administered to five SARS-CoV-2 patients with persistent, severe COVID-19 symptoms, induced short-term clinical and pathological improvement. Reported data suggest that high NTs can persist longer than expected, thus widening hyperimmune plasma source, availability, and potential use. In vitro RBD/ACE2-binding inhibition test is confirmed as a convenient surrogate index for neutralizing activity and patients' follow-up, suitable for clinical settings where biosafety level 3 facilities are not available. IgA levels may correlate with serum neutralizing activity and represent a further independent index for patient evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda De Rienzo
- Immunohematology and Transfusional Medicine Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute – IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Foddai
- Immunohematology and Transfusional Medicine Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute – IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Conti
- Clinical Pathology Unit and Cancer Biobank, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute – IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Mandoj
- Clinical Pathology Unit and Cancer Biobank, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute – IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Iaboni
- Immunohematology and Transfusional Medicine Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute – IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilenia Saladini
- Immunohematology and Transfusional Medicine Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute – IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Concetta Castilletti
- Virology and Biosecurity Laboratories, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Matusali
- Virology and Biosecurity Laboratories, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Roberto Donno
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, “Lazzaro Spallanzani” – IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Marchioni
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, “Lazzaro Spallanzani” – IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Ianniello
- Department of Radiology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, “Lazzaro Spallanzani” – IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Corpolongo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, “Lazzaro Spallanzani” – IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Palange
- Immunohematology and Transfusional Medicine Unit, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Piaggio
- Department of Research, Technological Innovation & Advanced Diagnostics, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute – IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico De Marco
- Department of Research, Technological Innovation & Advanced Diagnostics, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute – IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Performance of Three SARS-CoV-2 Immunoassays, Three Rapid Lateral Flow Tests, and a Novel Bead-Based Affinity Surrogate Test for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Human Serum. J Clin Microbiol 2021; 59:e0031921. [PMID: 33962959 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00319-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
For the control of immunity in COVID-19 survivors and vaccinated subjects, there is an urgent need for reliable and rapid serological assays. Based on samples from 63 COVID-19 survivors up to 7 months after symptom onset, and on 50 serum samples taken before the beginning of the pandemic, we compared the performances of three commercial immunoassays for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG antibodies (Euroimmun SARS-COV-2 IgA/IgG, Mikrogen recomWell SARS-CoV-2 IgA/IgG, and Serion ELISA agile SARS-CoV-2 IgA/IgG) and three rapid lateral flow (immunochromatographic) tests (Abbott PanBio COVID-19 IgG/IgM, Nadal COVID-19 IgG/IgM, and Cleartest Corona 2019-nCOV IgG/IgM) with a 50% plaque-reduction neutralization test (PRNT50) representing the gold standard. Fifty-seven out of 63 PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients (90%) showed neutralizing antibodies. The sensitivity of the seven assays ranged from 7.0% to 98.3%, and the specificity ranged from 86.0% to 100.0%. Only one commercial immunoassay showed a sensitivity and specificity of greater than 98%.
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Pieri M, Nuccetelli M, Nicolai E, Sarubbi S, Grelli S, Bernardini S. Clinical validation of a second generation anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM automated chemiluminescent immunoassay. J Med Virol 2021; 93:2523-2528. [PMID: 33463719 PMCID: PMC8013349 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection has proven to be extremely contagious and has spread rapidly all over the world. A key aspect in limiting the virus diffusion is to ensure early and accurate diagnosis. Serological assays could be an alternative in increasing testing capabilities, particularly when used as part of an algorithmic approach combined with molecular analysis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of a second generation chemiluminescent automated immunoassay able to detect anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies. Data are carried out on healthy subjects and other infectious diseases pre‐pandemic sera, as controls, and on two different coronavirus disease 2019 hospitalized patient groups (early and late infection time). Data obtained have been analyzed in terms of precision, linearity, sensitivity and specificity. Specificities are: 100% for anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG and 98% for anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 IgM, in all patient groups. Sensitivities are: 97%, 100%, and 98% for anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG and 87%, 83%, and 86% for anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 IgM in the early infection, in the late infection and in the total patient group, respectively. The Mindray anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG and IgM assays demonstrated higher sensitivity and specificity, indicating that IgG and IgM simultaneous detection is useful even in the early phases of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Pieri
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Marzia Nuccetelli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Nicolai
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Sarubbi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Sandro Grelli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Bernardini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Division of Emerging Tecnologies, IFCC, Milan, Italy
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