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Kato T, Furusawa A, Okada R, Inagaki F, Wakiyama H, Furumoto H, Fukushima H, Okuyama S, Choyke PL, Kobayashi H. Near-Infrared Photoimmunotherapy Targeting Podoplanin-Expressing Cancer Cells and Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts. Mol Cancer Ther 2023; 22:75-88. [PMID: 36223542 PMCID: PMC9812859 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-22-0313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) is a new cancer treatment that uses an antibody-IRDye700DX (IR700) conjugate that binds to a target followed by the application of NIR light that results in dramatic changes in solubility of the conjugate leading to rapid cell membrane damage and highly immunogenic cell death. NIR-PIT has been used clinically in treating advanced head and neck cancers using an anti-EGFR antibody-IR700 conjugate and has been conditionally approved for clinical use in Japan. NIR-PIT can be employed using a wide range of targeting antibodies. Podoplanin (PDPN), also known as gp38, is a 38 kDa type-1 transmembrane protein associated with lymphatic vessels. In cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), PDPN expression has been widely reported and correlates with poor outcomes in several cancer types. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of PDPN-targeted NIR-PIT in syngenetic mouse models of cancer. PDPN-targeted NIR-PIT destroyed PDPN-expressing cancer cells and CAFs selectively, suppressing tumor progression and prolonging survival with minimal damage to lymphatic vessels compared with the control group. Interestingly, PDPN-targeted NIR-PIT also exerted a therapeutic effect by targeting CAFs in tumor models which do not express in cancer cells. Furthermore, increased cytotoxic T cells in the tumor bed after PDPN-targeted NIR-PIT were observed, suggesting enhanced host antitumor immunity. Thus, PDPN-targeted NIR-PIT is a promising new cancer therapy strategy for PDPN-expressing cancer cells and CAFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kato
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1088, United States
| | - Aki Furusawa
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1088, United States
| | - Ryuhei Okada
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1088, United States
| | - Fuyuki Inagaki
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1088, United States
| | - Hiroaki Wakiyama
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1088, United States
| | - Hideyuki Furumoto
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1088, United States
| | - Hiroshi Fukushima
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1088, United States
| | - Shuhei Okuyama
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1088, United States
| | - Peter L. Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1088, United States
| | - Hisataka Kobayashi
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1088, United States
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Meng D, Luo M, Liu B. The Role of CLEC-2 and Its Ligands in Thromboinflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:688643. [PMID: 34177942 PMCID: PMC8220156 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.688643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2, also known as CLEC-1b) is expressed on platelets, Kupffer cells and other immune cells, and binds to various ligands including the mucin-like protein podoplanin (PDPN). The role of CLEC-2 in infection and immunity has become increasingly evident in recent years. CLEC-2 is involved in platelet activation, tumor cell metastasis, separation of blood/lymphatic vessels, and cerebrovascular patterning during embryonic development. In this review, we have discussed the role of CLEC-2 in thromboinflammation, and focused on the recent research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Meng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Man Luo
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Beibei Liu
- Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
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Haining EJ, Lowe KL, Wichaiyo S, Kataru RP, Nagy Z, Kavanagh DP, Lax S, Di Y, Nieswandt B, Ho-Tin-Noé B, Mehrara BJ, Senis YA, Rayes J, Watson SP. Lymphatic blood filling in CLEC-2-deficient mouse models. Platelets 2020; 32:352-367. [PMID: 32129691 PMCID: PMC8443399 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2020.1734784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2) is considered as a potential drug target in settings of wound healing, inflammation, and infection. A potential barrier to this is evidence that CLEC-2 and its ligand podoplanin play a critical role in preventing lymphatic vessel blood filling in mice throughout life. In this study, this aspect of CLEC-2/podoplanin function is investigated in more detail using new and established mouse models of CLEC-2 and podoplanin deficiency, and models of acute and chronic vascular remodeling. We report that CLEC-2 expression on platelets is not required to maintain a barrier between the blood and lymphatic systems in unchallenged mice, post-development. However, under certain conditions of chronic vascular remodeling, such as during tumorigenesis, deficiency in CLEC-2 can lead to lymphatic vessel blood filling. These data provide a new understanding of the function of CLEC-2 in adult mice and confirm the essential nature of CLEC-2-driven platelet activation in vascular developmental programs. This work expands our understanding of how lymphatic blood filling is prevented by CLEC-2-dependent platelet function and provides a context for the development of safe targeting strategies for CLEC-2 and podoplanin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Haining
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kate L Lowe
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Surasak Wichaiyo
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Raghu P Kataru
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zoltan Nagy
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Dean Pj Kavanagh
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sian Lax
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ying Di
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine and Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg and University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Benoît Ho-Tin-Noé
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR_S1148, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Babak J Mehrara
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yotis A Senis
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Julie Rayes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
| | - Steve P Watson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
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Cicvaric A, Sachernegg HM, Stojanovic T, Symmank D, Smani T, Moeslinger T, Uhrin P, Monje FJ. Podoplanin Gene Disruption in Mice Promotes in vivo Neural Progenitor Cells Proliferation, Selectively Impairs Dentate Gyrus Synaptic Depression and Induces Anxiety-Like Behaviors. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 13:561. [PMID: 32009902 PMCID: PMC6974453 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Podoplanin (Pdpn), a brain-tumor-related glycoprotein identified in humans and animals, is endogenously expressed in several organs critical for life support such as kidney, lung, heart and brain. In the brain, Pdpn has been identified in proliferative nestin-positive adult neural progenitor cells and in neurons of the neurogenic hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG), a structure associated to anxiety, critical for learning and memory functions and severely damaged in people with Alzheimer's Disease (AD). The in vivo role of Pdpn in adult neurogenesis and anxiety-like behavior remained however unexplored. Using mice with disrupted Pdpn gene as a model organism and applying combined behavioral, molecular biological and electrophysiological assays, we here show that the absence of Pdpn selectively impairs long-term synaptic depression in the neurogenic DG without affecting the CA3-Schaffer's collateral-CA1 synapses. Pdpn deletion also enhanced the proliferative capacity of DG neural progenitor cells and diminished survival of differentiated neuronal cells in vitro. In addition, mice with podoplanin gene disruption showed increased anxiety-like behaviors in experimentally validated behavioral tests as compared to wild type littermate controls. Together, these findings broaden our knowledge on the molecular mechanisms influencing hippocampal synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis in vivo and reveal Pdpn as a novel molecular target for future studies addressing general anxiety disorder and synaptic depression-related memory dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cicvaric
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hannah M. Sachernegg
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tamara Stojanovic
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dörte Symmank
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute for Physiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tarik Smani
- Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS)/University of Seville/CIBERCV, Seville, Spain
| | - Thomas Moeslinger
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute for Physiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pavel Uhrin
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Francisco J. Monje
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Cicvaric A, Yang J, Krieger S, Khan D, Kim EJ, Dominguez-Rodriguez M, Cabatic M, Molz B, Acevedo Aguilar JP, Milicevic R, Smani T, Breuss JM, Kerjaschki D, Pollak DD, Uhrin P, Monje FJ. The brain-tumor related protein podoplanin regulates synaptic plasticity and hippocampus-dependent learning and memory. Ann Med 2016; 48:652-668. [PMID: 27558977 PMCID: PMC5125287 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2016.1219455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Podoplanin is a cell-surface glycoprotein constitutively expressed in the brain and implicated in human brain tumorigenesis. The intrinsic function of podoplanin in brain neurons remains however uncharacterized. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using an established podoplanin-knockout mouse model and electrophysiological, biochemical, and behavioral approaches, we investigated the brain neuronal role of podoplanin. RESULTS Ex-vivo electrophysiology showed that podoplanin deletion impairs dentate gyrus synaptic strengthening. In vivo, podoplanin deletion selectively impaired hippocampus-dependent spatial learning and memory without affecting amygdala-dependent cued fear conditioning. In vitro, neuronal overexpression of podoplanin promoted synaptic activity and neuritic outgrowth whereas podoplanin-deficient neurons exhibited stunted outgrowth and lower levels of p-Ezrin, TrkA, and CREB in response to nerve growth factor (NGF). Surface Plasmon Resonance data further indicated a physical interaction between podoplanin and NGF. DISCUSSION This work proposes podoplanin as a novel component of the neuronal machinery underlying neuritogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and hippocampus-dependent memory functions. The existence of a relevant cross-talk between podoplanin and the NGF/TrkA signaling pathway is also for the first time proposed here, thus providing a novel molecular complex as a target for future multidisciplinary studies of the brain function in the physiology and the pathology. Key messages Podoplanin, a protein linked to the promotion of human brain tumors, is required in vivo for proper hippocampus-dependent learning and memory functions. Deletion of podoplanin selectively impairs activity-dependent synaptic strengthening at the neurogenic dentate-gyrus and hampers neuritogenesis and phospho Ezrin, TrkA and CREB protein levels upon NGF stimulation. Surface plasmon resonance data indicates a physical interaction between podoplanin and NGF. On these grounds, a relevant cross-talk between podoplanin and NGF as well as a role for podoplanin in plasticity-related brain neuronal functions is here proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cicvaric
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna,
Vienna,
Austria
| | - Jiaye Yang
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna,
Vienna,
Austria
| | - Sigurd Krieger
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna,
Vienna,
Austria
| | - Deeba Khan
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna,
Vienna,
Austria
| | - Eun-Jung Kim
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University College of Medicine,
Busan,
Republic of Korea
| | - Manuel Dominguez-Rodriguez
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna,
Vienna,
Austria
| | - Maureen Cabatic
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna,
Vienna,
Austria
| | - Barbara Molz
- Psychology University of York,
Heslington York,
UK
| | - Juan Pablo Acevedo Aguilar
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna,
Vienna,
Austria
| | - Radoslav Milicevic
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna,
Vienna,
Austria
| | - Tarik Smani
- Grupo de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla,
Seville,
Spain
| | - Johannes M. Breuss
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna,
Vienna,
Austria
| | - Dontscho Kerjaschki
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna,
Vienna,
Austria
| | - Daniela D. Pollak
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna,
Vienna,
Austria
| | - Pavel Uhrin
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna,
Vienna,
Austria
| | - Francisco J. Monje
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna,
Vienna,
Austria
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6
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Xu Y, Pang W, Lu J, Shan A, Zhang Y. Polypeptide N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 13 Contributes to Neurogenesis via Stabilizing the Mucin-type O-Glycoprotein Podoplanin. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:23477-23488. [PMID: 27629416 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.743955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucin-type O-glycosylation is initiated by an evolutionarily conserved family of polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (ppGalNAc-Ts). Previously, it was reported that ppGalNAc-T13 is restrictively expressed at a high level in the brain. Here we provide evidence for the critical role of ppGalNAc-T13 in neural differentiation. In detail, we show that the expression of ppGalNAc-T13 was dramatically up-regulated during early neurogenesis in mouse embryonic brains. Similar changes were also observed in cell models of neuronal differentiation by using either primary mouse cortical neural precursor cells or murine embryonal carcinoma P19 cells. Knockout of ppGalNAc-T13 in P19 cells suppressed not only neural induction but also neuronal differentiation. These effects are at least partly mediated by the mucin-type O-glycoprotein podoplanin (PDPN), as knockdown of PDPN led to a similar inhibition of neuronal differentiation and PDPN was significantly reduced at the posttranscriptional level after ppGalNAc-T13 knockout. Further data demonstrate that PDPN acts as a substrate of ppGalNAc-T13 and that the ppGalNAc-T13-mediated O-glycosylation on PDPN is important for its stability. Taken together, this study suggests that ppGalNAc-T13 contributes to neuronal differentiation through glycosylating and stabilizing PDPN, which provides insights into the regulatory roles of O-glycosylation in mammalian neural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjiao Xu
- From the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wenjie Pang
- From the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jishun Lu
- From the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Aidong Shan
- From the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- From the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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Renart J, Carrasco-Ramírez P, Fernández-Muñoz B, Martín-Villar E, Montero L, Yurrita MM, Quintanilla M. New insights into the role of podoplanin in epithelial-mesenchymal transition. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 317:185-239. [PMID: 26008786 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Podoplanin is a small mucin-like transmembrane protein expressed in several adult tissues and with an important role during embryogenesis. It is needed for the proper development of kidneys and lungs as well as accurate formation of the lymphatic vascular system. In addition, it is involved in the physiology of the immune system. A wide variety of tumors express podoplanin, both in the malignant cells and in the stroma. Although there are exceptions, the presence of podoplanin results in poor prognosis. The main consequence of forced podoplanin expression in established and tumor-derived cell lines is an increase in cell migration and, eventually, the triggering of an epithelial-mesenchymal transition, whereby cells acquire a fibroblastoid phenotype and increased motility. We will examine the current status of the role of podoplanin in the induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition as well as the different interactions that lead to this program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Renart
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Ester Martín-Villar
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Montero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - María M Yurrita
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Quintanilla
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
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8
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Podoplanin: a novel regulator of tumor invasion and metastasis. Med Oncol 2014; 31:24. [PMID: 25142945 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0024-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Podoplanin, a small mucin-type sialoglycoprotein, was recently shown to be involved in tumor progression. Podoplanin is overexpressed in cancer cells of various human malignancies, and recently, it is also detected in intratumoral stromal cells. We now appreciate that podoplanin plays a dual role in cancer: it can not only suppress tumor growth but also promote tumor progression. Researchers have identified several potential pathways invoked by podoplanin, which participate in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, collective-cell migration, platelet activation and aggregation, and lymphangiogenesis, and thus regulate the tumor invasion and metastasis. Here, we discuss the current experimental and human clinical data on podoplanin to validate the multiple context-dependent functions in different microenvironments and to delineate the diverse regulatory mechanisms.
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Smith SM, Melrose J. Podoplanin is expressed by a sub-population of human foetal rib and knee joint rudiment chondrocytes. Tissue Cell 2011; 43:39-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2010.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Revised: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Vanderbilt JN, Allen L, Gonzalez RF, Tigue Z, Edmondson J, Ansaldi D, Gillespie AM, Dobbs LG. Directed expression of transgenes to alveolar type I cells in the mouse. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2008; 39:253-62. [PMID: 18367724 PMCID: PMC2542444 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2008-0049oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2008] [Accepted: 03/07/2008] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Podoplanin (RTI40, aggrus, T1alpha, hT1alpha-2, E11, PA2.26, RANDAM-2, gp36, gp38, gp40, OTS8) is a type I cell marker in rat lung. We show that a bacterial artificial chromosome vector containing the rat podoplanin gene (RTIbac) delivers a pattern of transgene expression in lung that is more restricted to mouse type I cells than that of the endogenous mouse podoplanin gene. RTIbac-transgenic mice expressed rat podoplanin in type I cells; type II cells, airways, and vascular endothelium were negative. A modified bacterial artificial chromosome containing internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-green fluorescent protein (GFP) sequences in the podoplanin 3'UTR expressed rat podoplanin and transgenic GFP in type I cells. RTIbac transgene expression was absent or reduced in pulmonary pleura, lymphatic endothelium, and putative lymphoid-associated stromal tissue, all of which contained abundant mouse podoplanin. Rat podoplanin mRNA levels in normal rat lung and RTIbac transgenic lung were 25-fold higher than in corresponding kidney and brain samples. On Western blots, transgenic rat and endogenous mouse podoplanin displayed very similar patterns of protein expression in various organs. Highest protein levels were observed in lung with 10- to 20-fold less in brain; there were low levels in thymus and kidney. Both GFP and rat podoplanin transgenes were expressed at extrapulmonary sites of endogenous mouse podoplanin gene expression, including choroid plexus, eye ciliary epithelium, and renal glomerulus. Because their pulmonary expression is more restricted than endogenous mouse podoplanin, RTIbac derivatives should be useful for mouse type I cell-specific transgene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff N Vanderbilt
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94118, USA.
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11
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Gohlke JM, Armant O, Parham FM, Smith MV, Zimmer C, Castro DS, Nguyen L, Parker JS, Gradwohl G, Portier CJ, Guillemot F. Characterization of the proneural gene regulatory network during mouse telencephalon development. BMC Biol 2008; 6:15. [PMID: 18377642 PMCID: PMC2330019 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7007-6-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2007] [Accepted: 03/31/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The proneural proteins Mash1 and Ngn2 are key cell autonomous regulators of neurogenesis in the mammalian central nervous system, yet little is known about the molecular pathways regulated by these transcription factors. Results Here we identify the downstream effectors of proneural genes in the telencephalon using a genomic approach to analyze the transcriptome of mice that are either lacking or overexpressing proneural genes. Novel targets of Ngn2 and/or Mash1 were identified, such as members of the Notch and Wnt pathways, and proteins involved in adhesion and signal transduction. Next, we searched the non-coding sequence surrounding the predicted proneural downstream effector genes for evolutionarily conserved transcription factor binding sites associated with newly defined consensus binding sites for Ngn2 and Mash1. This allowed us to identify potential novel co-factors and co-regulators for proneural proteins, including Creb, Tcf/Lef, Pou-domain containing transcription factors, Sox9, and Mef2a. Finally, a gene regulatory network was delineated using a novel Bayesian-based algorithm that can incorporate information from diverse datasets. Conclusion Together, these data shed light on the molecular pathways regulated by proneural genes and demonstrate that the integration of experimentation with bioinformatics can guide both hypothesis testing and hypothesis generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Gohlke
- Environmental Systems Biology Group, Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, RTP, NC 27709, USA.
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Kotani M, Okamoto S, Imada M, Itoh K, Irie A, Sakuraba H, Kubo H. Flow cytometric analysis of mouse neurospheres based on the expression level of RANDAM-2. Neurosci Lett 2007; 413:25-30. [PMID: 17239536 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2006.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2006] [Revised: 10/24/2006] [Accepted: 10/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
RANDAM-2, a type-I transmembrane antigen constitutively expressed on the neuronal cell lineage during mouse neurogenesis, shows the highest expression level between embryonic day 8.5 (E8.5) and E10.5. As the period well overlaps with the proliferating stages of neural stem cells (NSCs), it is conceivable that NSCs are efficiently separable based on the expression level of RANDAM-2. In this paper, we show that NSCs can be efficiently enriched as RANDAM-2(high+) cells by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Many cells in the RANDAM-2(high+) cells had the characteristics of the self-renewal capability and potential for multilineage differentiation into neural cells. In contrast, almost all of the RANDAM-2(low+/-) cells exhibited not only the extremely low self-renewability but the differentiation capability restricted to neurons. These two subpopulations also differed from each other in terms of the expression level of molecules associated with neural differentiation. These findings demonstrate that RANDAM-2 can be regarded as a useful marker for enrichment of NSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaharu Kotani
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Metropolitan Organization for Medical Research, 3-18-22 Honkomagome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8613, Japan.
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Martín-Villar E, Megías D, Castel S, Yurrita MM, Vilaró S, Quintanilla M. Podoplanin binds ERM proteins to activate RhoA and promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition. J Cell Sci 2006; 119:4541-53. [PMID: 17046996 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.03218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Podoplanin is a small membrane mucin expressed in tumors associated with malignant progression. It is enriched at cell-surface protrusions where it colocalizes with members of the ERM (ezrin, radixin, moesin) protein family. Here, we found that human podoplanin directly interacts with ezrin (and moesin) in vitro and in vivo through a cluster of basic amino acids within its cytoplasmic tail, mainly through a juxtamembrane dipeptide RK. Podoplanin induced an epithelial-mesenchymal transition in MDCK cells linked to the activation of RhoA and increased cell migration and invasiveness. Fluorescence time-lapse video observations in migrating cells indicate that podoplanin might be involved in ruffling activity as well as in retractive processes. By using mutant podoplanin constructs fused to green fluorescent protein we show that association of the cytoplasmic tail with ERM proteins is required for upregulation of RhoA activity and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Furthermore, expression of either a dominant-negative truncated variant of ezrin or a dominant-negative mutant form of RhoA blocked podoplanin-induced RhoA activation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. These results provide a mechanistic basis to understand the role of podoplanin in cell migration or invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Martín-Villar
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Kaneko MK, Kato Y, Kitano T, Osawa M. Conservation of a platelet activating domain of Aggrus/podoplanin as a platelet aggregation-inducing factor. Gene 2006; 378:52-7. [PMID: 16766141 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2006.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2006] [Revised: 04/22/2006] [Accepted: 04/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Human Aggrus/podoplanin is an identified platelet aggregation-inducing factor of cancer cells, which is also known as a specific marker of lymphatic endothelium. Human Aggrus was known to be expressed in seminoma, squamous cell carcinoma, malignant mesothelioma, sarcomas and several brain tumors. In our previous studies, the sialylated O-glycan of human and mouse Aggrus were shown to be critical for its platelet aggregation-inducing activity in the experiments using the glycosylation-deficient Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines. We newly cloned Aggrus homologues from rat, hamster, dog and bovine cDNAs, in addition to the human and mouse cDNAs, and confirmed there are three tandem repeats of the platelet aggregation-stimulating (PLAG) domain in Aggrus, which were conserved in all homologues. We found that bovine Aggrus has a sporadic deletion mutation in the first PLAG domain, and lacks platelet aggregation-inducing activity. We introduced point mutation in the PLAG domain of Aggrus and showed that either the first or last PLAG domain is critical for activity, but not the middle domain. In addition, we studied the molecular evolutionary process of the PLAG domain of Aggrus. The PLAG domain and its activity appeared after the divergence of avians and mammals. In conclusion, we provide evidence that Aggrus homologues conserved the segment of EDxxVTPG in their extracellular domain which are critical for their platelet aggregation-inducing activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Kato Kaneko
- Department of Experimental and Forensic Pathology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2, Iida-nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan.
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Martín-Villar E, Scholl FG, Gamallo C, Yurrita MM, Muñoz-Guerra M, Cruces J, Quintanilla M. Characterization of human PA2.26 antigen (T1alpha-2, podoplanin), a small membrane mucin induced in oral squamous cell carcinomas. Int J Cancer 2005; 113:899-910. [PMID: 15515019 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.20656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We report the full cDNA sequence encoding the human homologue of murine PA2.26 (T1alpha-2, podoplanin), a small mucin-type transmembrane glycoprotein originally identified as a cell-surface antigen induced in keratinocytes during mouse skin carcinogenesis. The human PA2.26 gene is expressed as 2 transcripts of 0.9 and 2.7 kb in several normal tissues, such as the placenta, skeletal muscle, heart and lung. Using a specific polyclonal antibody raised against a synthetic peptide of the protein ectodomain, PA2.26 was immunohistochemically detected in about 25% (15/61) of human early oral squamous cell carcinomas. PA2.26 distribution in the tumours was heterogeneous and often restricted to the invasive front. Double immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy analysis showed that PA2.26 colocalized with the membrane cytoskeleton linker ezrin at the surface of tumour cells and that its presence in vivo was associated with downregulation of membrane E-cadherin protein expression. Ectopic expression of human PA2.26 in HeLa carcinoma cells and immortalized HaCaT keratinocytes promoted a redistribution of ezrin to the cell edges, the formation of cell-surface protrusions and reduced Ca(2+)-dependent cell-cell adhesiveness. These results point to PA2.26 as a novel biomarker for oral squamous cell carcinomas that might be involved in migration/invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Martín-Villar
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
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Kaneko M, Kato Y, Kunita A, Fujita N, Tsuruo T, Osawa M. Functional sialylated O-glycan to platelet aggregation on Aggrus (T1alpha/Podoplanin) molecules expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:38838-43. [PMID: 15231832 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m407210200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggrus, also called T1alpha and podoplanin, is a novel platelet aggregation-inducing factor that is expressed in various carcinoma cells. Aggrus/T1alpha/podoplanin is known to be expressed in lung type I alveolar cells or lymphatic endothelial cells. However, its physiological role has not been clarified. To assess the attribution of glycosylation to Aggrus platelet aggregation activity, recombinant molecules were stably expressed in a series of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell mutants, N-glycan-deficient Lec1, CMP-sialic acid transporter-deficient Lec2, and UDP-galactose transporter-deficient Lec8. A new anti-human Aggrus monoclonal antibody, YM-1, was established to detect the expression of human Aggrus on these CHO cell mutants. Aggrus on Lec1 cells induced platelet aggregation, but those on Lec2 and Lec8 cells did not. Further, the glycans on Aggrus were analyzed by lectin blotting. Aggrus expressed in CHO and Lec1 cells showed Wheat-germ agglutinin, Jacalin, and Vicia villosa lectin bindings. Lectin blotting results indicated that sialylated core 1 structures, sialic acid plus Galbeta1,3GalNAc-Ser/Thr, were critical for the platelet aggregation activity. This oligosaccharide structure is known as tumor-associated antigen, which is potentially related to the metastasis process of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Kaneko
- Department of Experimental and Forensic Pathology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2, Iida-nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
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