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Zhai G, Liang W, Xu Y. High Expression of Lysophosphatidic Acid Induces Nerve Injury in LSS Patients via AKT Mediated NF-κB p65 Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:641435. [PMID: 33815123 PMCID: PMC8012901 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.641435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a spinal degenerative disease, complicated with nerve injury. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a kind of glycerophospholipid molecule is elevated in the initial stages of neural injury. This research aimed to investigate the patho-mechanism of nerve injury caused by LPA in LSS patients. Twenty-five LSS patients and fifteen idiopathic scoliosis patients (without neurological symptoms) were recruited from Xianyang Central Hospital of Shanxi Province. We measured the concentration of LPA in cerebrospinal fluid samples of all subjects. Different concentrations (0.1, 1, and 10 mol/L) of LPA were used to stimulate Rat Neurons-spinal cord (RN-SC) cells. The effects of LPA on cell injury was detected by MTT and LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) assay. Cell apoptosis was determined by FCM (flow cytometry) and TUNEL staining. The changes in the expression of key proteins involved in Akt mediated NF-κB p65 pathway intervened by LPA were determined by western blot. RN-SC cells were pretreated with JSH-23 (NF-κB inhibitor) before LPA exposure, followed by cell apoptosis measurement. The concentration of LPA in LSS patients was notably higher than that in control patients (p < 0.01). The level of LPA was positively correlated with the severity of LSS. LPA treatment induced RN-SC cells displaying oval or rounded cell body with degenerated protrusion dose dependently. In addition, LPA decreased RN-SC cell viability and promoted cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. LPA initiated Akt phosphorylation, IKB phosphorylation, and NF-κB nuclear translocation in a dose-dependent manner. However, JSH-23 (NF-κB inhibitor) pre-treatment prevented effects of LPA. The high levels of LPA induced nerve injury by reducing the viability of RN-SC cells and promoted cell apoptosis through Akt mediated NF-κB p65 signaling pathway. LPA might be a new therapeutic target for relieving nerve injury in LSS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiliang Zhai
- Orthopedic Surgery, Binzhou Central Hospital of Shandong Province, Binzhou, China
| | - Wenfei Liang
- Department of Stomatology, Binzhou Central Hospital of Shandong Province, Binzhou, ,China
| | - Yongjun Xu
- Xianyang Central Hospital of Shaanxi Province, Xianyang, China
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2
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Eriksdotter M, Navarro-Oviedo M, Mitra S, Wahlberg L, Linderoth B, Tjernberg LO, Behbahani H. Cerebrospinal fluid from Alzheimer patients affects cell-mediated nerve growth factor production and cell survival in vitro. Exp Cell Res 2018; 371:175-184. [PMID: 30092220 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by early degeneration of cholinergic neurons and decreased levels of nerve growth factor (NGF). Thus, increasing the NGF levels by for instance encapsulated cell bio-delivery (ECB) is a potential treatment strategy. The results from our previous first-in-human studies on ECB of NGF to the basal forebrain cholinergic neurons were promising, but indicated some variability of long-term viability of the encapsulated cells and associated reduced NGF-release. Here we studied the effect of amyloid beta-peptides (Aβ), interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β), and CSF from AD, Lewy body dementia (LBD) or subjective cognitive impairment (SCI) patients on the NGF overproducing cell line NGC-0295. At physiological concentrations, neither Aβ40 nor Aβ42 had any major impact on cell viability or NGF-production. In contrast, IL-1β dose-dependently affected NGF-production over time. Exposure of NGF-producing cells to CSF from AD patients showed significantly reduced NGF-release as compared to CSF from LBD or SCI patients. By mass spectrometry we found 3 proteins involved in inflammatory pathways to have an altered expression in AD CSF compared to LBD and SCI. Cell survival and NGF-release were not affected by Aβ. NGF-release was affected by IL-1β, suggesting that inflammation has a negative effect on ECB cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eriksdotter
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska University Hospital, Theme Aging, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Manuel Navarro-Oviedo
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sumonto Mitra
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Bengt Linderoth
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Clinical Neuroscience, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars O Tjernberg
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Homira Behbahani
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Stockholm, Sweden.
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3
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Dolfe L, Tambaro S, Tigro H, Del Campo M, Hoozemans JJM, Wiehager B, Graff C, Winblad B, Ankarcrona M, Kaldmäe M, Teunissen CE, Rönnbäck A, Johansson J, Presto J. The Bri2 and Bri3 BRICHOS Domains Interact Differently with Aβ 42 and Alzheimer Amyloid Plaques. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2018; 2:27-39. [PMID: 30480246 PMCID: PMC6159705 DOI: 10.3233/adr-170051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and there is no successful treatment available. Evidence suggests that fibril formation of the amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) is a major underlying cause of AD, and treatment strategies that reduce the toxic effects of Aβ amyloid are sought for. The BRICHOS domain is found in several proteins, including Bri2 (also called integral membrane protein 2B (ITM2B)), mutants of which are associated with amyloid and neurodegeneration, and Bri3 (ITM2C). We have used mouse hippocampal neurons and brain tissues from mice and humans and show Bri3 deposits dispersed on AD plaques. In contrast to what has been shown for Bri2, Bri3 immunoreactivity is decreased in AD brain homogenates compared to controls. Both Bri2 and Bri3 BRICHOS domains interact with Aβ40 and Aβ42 present in neurons and reduce Aβ42 amyloid fibril formation in vitro, but Bri3 BRICHOS is less efficient. These results indicate that Bri2 and Bri3 BRICHOS have different roles in relation to Aβ aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Dolfe
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Simone Tambaro
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Helene Tigro
- School of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Marta Del Campo
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J M Hoozemans
- Neurochemistry Lab, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Birgitta Wiehager
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Caroline Graff
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Genetic Unit, Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden
| | - Bengt Winblad
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Maria Ankarcrona
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Margit Kaldmäe
- School of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annica Rönnbäck
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jan Johansson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,School of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Jenny Presto
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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4
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Wang F, Gao P, Guo L, Meng P, Fan Y, Chen Y, Lin Y, Guo G, Ding G, Wang H. Radio-protective effect and mechanism of 4-Acetamido-2,2,6,6- tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl in HUVEC cells. Environ Health Prev Med 2017; 22:14. [PMID: 29165102 PMCID: PMC5664570 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-017-0616-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To search for more effective radiation protectors with minimal toxicity, a water-soluble nitroxides Acetamido-Tempol (AA-Tempol) was evaluated for potential radioprotective properties in HUVEC cells (Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial cell line). METHODS To study the anti-radiation effect of AA-Tempol in cell culture, the viability of irradiated HUVEC cells using a clonogenic survival assay was examined. The anti-apoptosis effects of AA-Tempol using Annexin V/propidium iodide staining in a flow cytometry assay was also evaluated. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of the anti-apoptosis effect of AA-Tempol against X-radiation induced HUVEC cell apoptosis, the expression of Bax, Bcl-2 and p53 and caspase-3 were examined. The changes in the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) in HUVEC cells after X-radiation were also investigated. RESULTS Pretreatment of the HUVEC cells colony with AA-Tempol 1 h before X-radiation significantly increased the colony survival (p < 0.05) compared with the cells without pretreatment. This demonstrates that AA-Tempol provides an effective radiation protection in the irradiated HUVEC cells, thus reducing apoptosis from 20.1 ± 1.3% in 8 Gy X-radiated cells to 12.2 ± 0.9% (1.0 mmol/L-1 AA-Tempol) in AA-Tempo pretreated HUVEC cells. This implies that 1.0 mM AA-Tempol treatment significantly block the increase of caspase-3 activity in radiated HUVEC cells (P < 0.01), causing down-regulation in expressions of Bax and P53 and up-regulation in the expression of Bcl-2. Pretreatment with AA-Tempol also decreased the MDA activities (P < 0.01) and increase the GSH level (P < 0.05) in HUVEC cells compared to the 8Gy X-radiated cells without pretreatment. CONCLUSIONS These observations indicate that AA-Tempol is a potential therapeutic agent against the radiation damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- School of Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
- Shanxi Province Corps Hospital, Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Gao
- School of Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Guo
- School of Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Meng
- Department of urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuexing Fan
- Shanxi Province Corps Hospital, Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongbin Chen
- School of Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyun Lin
- School of Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Guozhen Guo
- School of Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Guirong Ding
- School of Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haibo Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Bakshi R, Zhang H, Logan R, Joshi I, Xu Y, Chen X, Schwarzschild MA. Neuroprotective effects of urate are mediated by augmenting astrocytic glutathione synthesis and release. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 82:574-579. [PMID: 26341543 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Urate has emerged as a promising target for neuroprotection based on epidemiological observations, preclinical models, and early clinical trial results in multiple neurologic diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD). This study investigates the astrocytic mechanism of urate's neuroprotective effect. Targeted biochemical screens of conditioned medium from urate- versus vehicle-treated astrocytes identified markedly elevated glutathione (GSH) concentrations as a candidate mediator of urate's astrocyte-dependent neuroprotective effects. Urate treatment also induced the nuclear translocation of the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) protein and transcriptional activation of its key target genes in primary astrocytic cultures. Urate's neuroprotective effect was attenuated when GSH was depleted in the conditioned media either by targeting its synthesis or release by astrocytes. Overall, these results implicate GSH as the extracellular astrocytic factor mediating the protective effect of urate in a cellular model of PD. These results also show that urate can employ a novel indirect neuroprotective mechanism via induction of the Nrf2 signaling pathway, a master regulator of the response to oxidative stress, in astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachit Bakshi
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, United States.
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, United States; Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Robert Logan
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, United States
| | - Ila Joshi
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, United States
| | - Yuehang Xu
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, United States
| | - Xiqun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, United States
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6
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Jiang Z, Ma Y, Zhou L, Jiang H, Wang M, Zhan X. Protective effect of cornel iridoid glycoside in D-galactosamine/tumor necrosis factor-α-injured L02 hepatocytes and its mechanism. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE RESEARCH 2014; 3:201-5. [PMID: 26401374 PMCID: PMC4576803 DOI: 10.5455/jice.20140916011549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Aim: The aim was to determine the action mode of cornel iridoid glycoside (CIG) from Fructus corni on hepatoprotective activities, the effects of CIG on human hepatocyte cell line (L02) injured by D-galactosamine (GalN) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were examined. Materials and Methods: The percentage of cell viability was evaluated by cell counting kit-8 assay. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometric analysis in human L02 hepatocytes. The expression levels of activating transcription factor-4 (ATF4), and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) were detected by western-blot analysis. In addition, the activity of caspase-3 was tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The results showed that CIG caused a significant increase in the viability of L02 cells injured by GalN/TNF-α, in accordance with a dose-dependent decrease of apoptotic cell death confirmed by flow cytometric analysis. Based on western blot and colorimetric assay, we found that GalN/TNF-α induced increased expression of ATF4, CHOP, and activation of caspase-3 while CIG pre-treatment had a dose-dependent suppression on them in this cell model. Conclusion: Overall, these findings demonstrate that CIG can effectively protect L02 hepatocytes against apoptosis induced by GalN/TNF-α, suggesting that it is a possible candidate target for liver disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zequn Jiang
- Department of Preclinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic China
| | - Yanxia Ma
- Department of Preclinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic China
| | - Lihua Zhou
- Department of Preclinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic China
| | - Haiying Jiang
- Department of Preclinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic China
| | - Mingyan Wang
- Department of Preclinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic China
| | - Xiuqin Zhan
- Department of Preclinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic China
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7
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Tian Z, Liu SB, Wang YC, Li XQ, Zheng LH, Zhao MG. Neuroprotective Effects of Formononetin Against NMDA-Induced Apoptosis in Cortical Neurons. Phytother Res 2013; 27:1770-5. [PMID: 23362211 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an 710032 China
| | - Shui-bing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an 710032 China
| | - Yu-cai Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tangdu Hospital; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an 710032 China
| | - Xiao-qiang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an 710032 China
| | - Lian-he Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tangdu Hospital; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an 710032 China
| | - Ming-gao Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an 710032 China
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8
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Tian Z, Yu W, Liu HB, Zhang N, Li XB, Zhao MG, Liu SB. Neuroprotective effects of curculigoside against NMDA-induced neuronal excitoxicity in vitro. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:4010-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Revised: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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G-protein-coupled receptor 30 mediates rapid neuroprotective effects of estrogen via depression of NR2B-containing NMDA receptors. J Neurosci 2012; 32:4887-900. [PMID: 22492045 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5828-11.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
17-β-estradiol (E2) is a steroid hormone involved in neuroprotection against excitotoxicity and other forms of brain injury. Through genomic and nongenomic mechanisms, E2 modulates neuronal excitability and signal transmission by regulating NMDA and non-NMDA receptors. However, the mechanisms and identity of the receptors involved remain unclear, even though studies have suggested that estrogen G-protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) is linked to protection against ischemic injury. In the culture cortical neurons, treatment with E2 and the GPR30 agonist G1 for 45 min attenuated the excitotoxicity induced by NMDA exposure. The acute neuroprotection mediated by GPR30 is dependent on G-protein-coupled signals and ERK1/2 activation, but independent on transcription or translation. Knockdown of GPR30 using short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) significantly reduced the E2-induced rapid neuroprotection. Patch-clamp recordings revealed that GPR30 activation depressed exogenous NMDA-elicited currents. Short-term GPR30 activation did not affect the expression of either NR2A- or NR2B-containing NMDARs; however, it depressed NR2B subunit phosphorylation at Ser-1303 by inhibiting the dephosphorylation of death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1). DAPK1 knockdown using shRNAs significantly blocked NR2B subunit phosphorylation at Ser-1303 and abolished the GPR30-mediated depression of exogenous NMDA-elicited currents. Lateral ventricle injection of the GPR30 agonist G1 (0.2 μg) provided significant neuroprotection in the ovariectomized female mice subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion. These findings provide direct evidence that fast neuroprotection by estradiol is partially mediated by GPR30 and the subsequent downregulation of NR2B-containing NMDARs. The modulation of DAPK1 activity by GPR30 may be an important mediator of estradiol-dependent neuroprotection.
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10
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Neuroprotective Effects of Salidroside and its Analogue Tyrosol Galactoside Against Focal Cerebral Ischemia In Vivo and H2O2-Induced Neurotoxicity In Vitro. Neurotox Res 2011; 21:358-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-011-9290-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2011] [Revised: 10/30/2011] [Accepted: 11/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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11
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Liu SB, Han J, Zhang N, Tian Z, Li XB, Zhao MG. Neuroprotective effects of oestrogen against oxidative toxicity through activation of G-protein-coupled receptor 30 receptor. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2011; 38:577-85. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2011.05549.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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12
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Jeon SM, Cheon SM, Bae HR, Kim JW, Kim SU. Selective susceptibility of human dopaminergic neural stem cells to dopamine-induced apoptosis. Exp Neurobiol 2010; 19:155-64. [PMID: 22110355 PMCID: PMC3214785 DOI: 10.5607/en.2010.19.3.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctions of ubiquitin-proteasome system and toxicity of dopamine have been known as the key mechanisms in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) and proteasome inhibitors are widely used in experimental models of PD to reproduce cell death of dopaminergic neurons. In the present study, immortalized human neural stem cells (HB1.F3, F3) and those transfected with human aromatic acid decarboxylase gene (F3.AADC), were used to investigate the mechanism of selective dopaminergic neuronal cell death mediated by dopamine or proteasome inhibitors. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that F3.AADC was more susceptible to dopamine than parental F3 cell which does not carry dopaminergic phenotype. The dopamine-induced apoptosis was mediated by activation of caspases 3 and 9 and cleavage of PARP. Proteasome inhibitors also induced apoptosis in dose-dependent manner but there was no difference between cell types. Prolonged exposure to subtoxic dose of proteasome inhibitors further enhanced dopamine-induced apoptosis in the F3.AADC, and increased presence of alpha-synuclein and ubiquitin-positive inclusions was noted in the cytoplasm of apoptotic cells by immunocytochemistry. These findings indicate that dopaminergic cells are selectively susceptible to dopamine toxicity and prolonged suppression of proteasome system further enhances selective sensitivity to dopamine toxicity. Chronic subtoxic proteasomal dysfunction of dopaminergic cells might contribute to selective cell death of dopaminergic neurons during the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Man Jeon
- Department of Neurology, Bongseng Memorial Hospital, Busan 601-723, Korea
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13
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Wu X, Qian Z, Ke Y, Du F, Zhu L. Ginkgolide B preconditioning protects neurons against ischaemia-induced apoptosis. J Cell Mol Med 2010; 13:4474-83. [PMID: 19602048 PMCID: PMC4515063 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00551.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischaemic preconditioning (IP) has been reported to protect the brain against subsequent lethal ischaemia, but it has not been used clinically to prevent ischaemic injury because of safety concerns. The aim of the present study was to see whether Ginkgolide B (GB) is capable of preconditioning as IP to protect neurons against ischaemic injury; if so, which mechanism is involved. Cultured mouse cortical neurons at day 8 were pre-treated with GB (120 micromol/l) for 24 hrs or exposed to short-term ischaemia (1 hr) followed by 24-hr normal culture to induce IP before being treated with severe ischaemia (5 hrs). GB and IP significantly increased cell viability, expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1alpha), erythropoietin (EPO), phosphorylated Bad at serine 136 (136p-Bad) and phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase- 3beta at serine 9 (p-GSK-3beta), and decreased the percentage of apoptotic cells and the level of active caspase-3 in severely ischaemic neurons. Moreover, LY294002 that is a specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) significantly reduced the enhanced expression of HIF-1alpha, EPO and 136p-Bad induced by GB and IP. These results suggest that GB, like IP in neurons, is capable of preconditioning against ischaemia-induced apoptosis, the mechanism of which may involve the PI3K signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Wu
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute for Nautical Medicine and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, PRC
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14
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Yang Q, Yang ZF, Liu SB, Zhang XN, Hou Y, Li XQ, Wu YM, Wen AD, Zhao MG. Neuroprotective Effects of Hydroxysafflor Yellow A Against Excitotoxic Neuronal Death Partially Through Down-Regulation of NR2B-Containing NMDA Receptors. Neurochem Res 2010; 35:1353-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-010-0191-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Synaptic and endosomal localization of active gamma-secretase in rat brain. PLoS One 2010; 5:e8948. [PMID: 20126630 PMCID: PMC2812513 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A key player in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the γ-secretase complex consisting of at least four components: presenilin, nicastrin, Aph-1 and Pen-2. γ-Secretase is crucial for the generation of the neurotoxic amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) but also takes part in the processing of many other substrates. In cell lines, active γ-secretase has been found to localize primarily to the Golgi apparatus, endosomes and plasma membranes. However, no thorough studies have been performed to show the subcellular localization of the active γ-secretase in the affected organ of AD, namely the brain. Principal Findings We show by subcellular fractionation of rat brain that high γ-secretase activity, as assessed by production of Aβ40, is present in an endosome- and plasma membrane-enriched fraction of an iodixanol gradient. We also prepared crude synaptic vesicles as well as synaptic membranes and both fractions showed high Aβ40 production and contained high amounts of the γ-secretase components. Further purification of the synaptic vesicles verified the presence of the γ-secretase components in these compartments. The localization of an active γ-secretase in synapses and endosomes was confirmed in rat brain sections and neuronal cultures by using a biotinylated γ-secretase inhibitor together with confocal microscopy. Significance The information about the subcellular localization of γ-secretase in brain is important for the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of AD. Furthermore, the identified fractions can be used as sources for highly active γ-secretase.
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Vekrellis K, Xilouri M, Emmanouilidou E, Stefanis L. Inducible over-expression of wild type alpha-synuclein in human neuronal cells leads to caspase-dependent non-apoptotic death. J Neurochem 2009; 109:1348-62. [PMID: 19476547 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06054.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (ASYN) is central in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. Converging pieces of evidence suggest that the levels of ASYN expression play a critical role in both familial and sporadic Parkinson's disease. To elucidate the mechanism underlying wild type (WT) ASYN-mediated neurotoxicity, we have generated a novel Tet-Off SHSY-5Y cell line, conditionally expressing WT ASYN. Induction of human WT ASYN in retinoic acid-differentiated SHSY-5Y cells leads to accumulation of soluble ASYN oligomers, in the absence of inclusions, and to gradual cellular degeneration. Morphologically, the death observed is non-apoptotic. Caspases other than caspase 3, including caspase 9, are activated and caspase inhibition diminishes death by acting at a point upstream of cytochrome c release. Application of Scyllo-inositol, an oligomer-stabilizing compound, prevents neuronal death in this model. These findings are consistent with a model in which oligomeric ASYN triggers the initial activation of the apoptotic pathway, which is however blocked downstream of the mitochondrial checkpoint, thus leading to a death combining in a unique fashion both apoptotic and non-apoptotic features. This novel inducible cell model system may prove valuable in the deciphering of WT ASYN-induced pathogenic effects and in the assessment and screening of potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostas Vekrellis
- Division of Basic Neurosciences, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Soranou Efesiou, Athens, Greece.
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Cell death after dorsal root injury. Neurosci Lett 2008; 433:231-4. [PMID: 18280043 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2007] [Revised: 01/09/2008] [Accepted: 01/10/2008] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Flow cytometry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotinylated uridine triphosphate nick end-labelling (TUNEL) immunohistochemistry have been used to assess cell death in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) or spinal cord 1, 2 or 14 days after multiple lumbar dorsal root rhizotomy or dorsal root avulsion injury in adult rats. Neither injury induced significant cell death in the DRG compared to sham-operated or naïve animals at any time point. In the spinal cord, a significant increase in death was seen at 1-2 days, but not 14 days, post injury by both methods. TUNEL staining revealed that more apoptotic cells were present in the dorsal columns and dorsal horn of avulsion animals compared to rhizotomised animals. This suggests that avulsion injury, which can often partially damage the spinal cord, has more severe effects on cell survival than rhizotomy, a surgical lesion which does not affect the spinal cord. The location of TUNEL positive cells suggests that both neuronal and non-neuronal cells are dying.
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Rickle A, Behbahani H, Ankarcrona M, Winblad B, Cowburn RF. PTEN, Akt, and GSK3beta signalling in rat primary cortical neuronal cultures following tumor necrosis factor-alpha and trans-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal treatments. J Neurosci Res 2006; 84:596-605. [PMID: 16802321 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.20970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
PTEN is a dual phosphatase that negatively regulates the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signalling pathway important for cell survival. We determined effects of the inflammation and oxidative stresses of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) and trans-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), respectively, on PTEN, Akt, and GSK3beta signalling in rat primary cortical neurons. The inhibitors bisperoxovanadium [bpV(Pic)] and LY294002 were also used to determine PTEN and PI3K involvement in TNFalpha and HNE modulation of neuronal cell death. PTEN inhibition with bpV(Pic) alone did not affect Ser(473)Akt or Ser(9)GSK3beta phosphorylation. Instead, effects of this inhibitor were manifest when it was used together with TNFalpha and to a lesser extent with HNE. TNFalpha together with PTEN inhibition increased phosphorylation of Ser(473)Akt and Ser(9)GSK3beta. TNFalpha and HNE both gave decreased numbers of viable and increased numbers of early apoptotic neurons. PTEN inhibition partially reversed the toxic effect of TNFalpha as shown by an increased number of viable and a decreased number of early apoptotic neurons. All effects were reversed by PI3K inhibition. HNE together with inhibition of PTEN gave increased Ser(473)Akt but not Ser(9)GSK3beta phosphorylation and no effects on the number of viable or early apoptotic cells. In conclusion, PTEN inhibition gives a mild reversal of TNFalpha- but not HNE-induced cell death via the PI3K pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rickle
- Karolinska Institutet Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Alzheimer Center (KASPAC), NVS, Novum, Huddinge, Sweden
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