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Ngo HKC, Le H, Ayer SJ, Crotty GF, Schwarzschild MA, Bakshi R. Short-term lipopolysaccharide treatment leads to astrocyte activation in LRRK2 G2019S knock-in mice without loss of dopaminergic neurons. Res Sq 2024:rs.3.rs-4076333. [PMID: 38562908 PMCID: PMC10984011 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4076333/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Background The G2019S mutation of LRRK2, which enhances kinase activity of the protein, confers a substantial risk of developing Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the mutation demonstrates incomplete penetrance, suggesting the involvement of other genetic or environmental modulating factors. Here, we investigated whether LRRK2 G2019S knock-in (KI) mice treated with the inflammogen lipopolysaccharide (LPS) could model LRRK2 PD. Results We found that short-term (2 weeks) treatment with LPS did not result in the loss of dopaminergic neurons in either LRRK2 G2019S KI or wild-type (WT) mice. Compared with WT mice, LRRK2 G2019S-KI mice showed incomplete recovery from LPS-induced weight loss. In LRRK2 G2019S KI mice, LPS treatment led to upregulated phosphorylation of LRRK2 at the autophosphorylation site Serine 1292, which is known as a direct readout of LRRK2 kinase activity. LPS treatment caused a greater increase in the activated astrocyte marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the striatum and substantia nigra of LRRK2 G2019S mice than in those of WT mice. The administration of caffeine, which was recently identified as a biomarker of resistance to developing PD in individuals with LRRK2 mutations, attenuated LPS-induced astrocyte activation specifically in LRRK2 G2019S KI mice. Conclusions Our findings suggest that 2 weeks of exposure to LPS is not sufficient to cause dopaminergic neuronal loss in LRRK2 G2019S KI mice but rather results in increased astrocyte activation, which can be ameliorated by caffeine.
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Xia N, Madore V, Albalakhi A, Lin S, Stimpson T, Xu Y, Schwarzschild MA, Bakshi R. Microglia-dependent neuroprotective effects of 4-octyl itaconate against rotenone-and MPP+-induced neurotoxicity in Parkinson's disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15539. [PMID: 37730914 PMCID: PMC10511514 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42813-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic neuroinflammation is implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. Itaconate, an endogenous metabolite derived from the tricarboxylic acid cycle via immune-responsive gene 1 activity, may mediate anti-inflammatory responses by activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) antioxidant pathway. This study investigates the neuroprotective potential of 4-octyl itaconate (OI), a cell-permeable derivative of itaconate, in cellular models of PD. OI not only suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced proinflammatory cascades of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, and cytokines release in mouse BV2 microglial cells but also activated the Nrf2 signaling pathway and its downstream targets in these cells. Conditioned medium derived from OI-treated BV2 cells protected against rotenone- and MPP+-induced neurotoxicity in Neuro 2A cells. Overall, our findings support the anti-inflammatory neuroprotective potential of OI in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xia
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02129, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Victoria Madore
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Ali Albalakhi
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Sonia Lin
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Taylor Stimpson
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Yuehang Xu
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Michael A Schwarzschild
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Rachit Bakshi
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Bakshi R, Macklin EA, Hung AY, Hayes MT, Hyman BT, Wills AM, Gomperts SN, Growdon JH, Ascherio A, Scherzer CR, Schwarzschild MA. Associations of Lower Caffeine Intake and Plasma Urate Levels with Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease in the Harvard Biomarkers Study. J Parkinsons Dis 2021; 10:505-510. [PMID: 32250320 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-191882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Two purines, caffeine and urate, have been associated with a reduced risk of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) in multiple cohorts and populations. The Harvard Biomarkers Study (HBS) is a longitudinal study designed to accelerate the discovery and validation of molecular diagnostic and progression markers of early-stage PD. To investigate whether these 'reduced risk' factors are associated with PD within this cohort, we conducted a cross-sectional, case-control study in 566 subjects consisting of idiopathic PD patients and healthy controls. Caffeine intake as assessed by a validated questionnaire was significantly lower in idiopathic PD patients compared to healthy controls in males (mean difference -125 mg/day, p < 0.001) but not in females (mean difference -30 mg/day, p = 0.29). A strong inverse association was also observed with plasma urate levels both in males (mean difference -0.46 mg/dL, p = 0.017) and females (mean difference -0.45 mg/dL, p = 0.001). Both analyses stratified for sex and adjusted for age, body mass index, and either urate level or caffeine consumption, respectively. These results highlight the robustness of caffeine intake and urate as factors inversely associated with idiopathic PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachit Bakshi
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric A Macklin
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Biostatistics Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Albert Y Hung
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael T Hayes
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,APDA Center for Advanced Parkinson Research, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bradley T Hyman
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anne-Marie Wills
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen N Gomperts
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John H Growdon
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alberto Ascherio
- Biostatistics Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clemens R Scherzer
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,APDA Center for Advanced Parkinson Research, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Precision Neurology Program, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael A Schwarzschild
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Abstract
Higher serum urate concentration is associated with decreased risk of Parkinson’s disease (PD) as well as slower disease progression, but its relationship with severity of PD remains unclear. This study investigated whether changes in serum urate concentration over 5 years were associated with disease progression assessed by MDS-UPDRS Part III score, Hoehn and Yahr stage, or DaTscan imaging. Average serum urate concentration was stable over time and change in serum urate concentration did not correlate with worsening of measures of PD progression. These results suggest that serum urate concentration is not a monitoring biomarker of PD progression in early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin G Hasimoglu
- Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiqun Chen
- Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachit Bakshi
- Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael A Schwarzschild
- Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric A Macklin
- Department of Medicine, Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Crotty GF, Maciuca R, Macklin EA, Wang J, Montalban M, Davis SS, Alkabsh JI, Bakshi R, Chen X, Ascherio A, Astarita G, Huntwork-Rodriguez S, Schwarzschild MA. Association of caffeine and related analytes with resistance to Parkinson disease among LRRK2 mutation carriers: A metabolomic study. Neurology 2020; 95:e3428-e3437. [PMID: 32999056 PMCID: PMC7836665 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000010863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify markers of resistance to developing Parkinson disease (PD) among LRRK2 mutation carriers (LRRK2+), we carried out metabolomic profiling in individuals with PD and unaffected controls (UC), with and without the LRRK2 mutation. METHODS Plasma from 368 patients with PD and UC in the LRRK2 Cohort Consortium (LCC), comprising 118 LRRK2+/PD+, 115 LRRK2+/UC, 70 LRRK2-/PD+, and 65 LRRK2-/UC, and CSF available from 68 of them, were analyzed by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. For 282 analytes quantified in plasma and CSF, we assessed differences among the 4 groups and interactions between LRRK2 and PD status, using analysis of covariance models adjusted by age, study site cohort, and sex, with p value corrections for multiple comparisons. RESULTS Plasma caffeine concentration was lower in patients with PD vs UC (p < 0.001), more so among LRRK2+ carriers (by 76%) than among LRRK2- participants (by 31%), with significant interaction between LRRK2 and PD status (p = 0.005). Similar results were found for caffeine metabolites (paraxanthine, theophylline, 1-methylxanthine) and a nonxanthine marker of coffee consumption (trigonelline) in plasma, and in the subset of corresponding CSF samples. Dietary caffeine was also lower in LRRK2+/PD+ compared to LRRK2+/UC with significant interaction effect with the LRRK2+ mutation (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Metabolomic analyses of the LCC samples identified caffeine, its demethylation metabolites, and trigonelline as prominent markers of resistance to PD linked to pathogenic LRRK2 mutations, more so than to idiopathic PD. Because these analytes are known both as correlates of coffee consumption and as neuroprotectants in animal PD models, the findings may reflect their avoidance by those predisposed to develop PD or their protective effects among LRRK2 mutation carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace F Crotty
- From the Department of Neurology (G.F.C., R.B., X.C., M.A.S.) and Biostatistics Center, Department of Medicine (E.A.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School (G.F.C., E.A.M., R.B., X.C., A.A., M.A.S.), Boston, MA; Denali Therapeutics Inc. (R.M., J.W., M.M., S.S.D., J.I.A., G.A., S.H.-R.), San Francisco, CA; and Department of Nutrition (A.A.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
| | - Romeo Maciuca
- From the Department of Neurology (G.F.C., R.B., X.C., M.A.S.) and Biostatistics Center, Department of Medicine (E.A.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School (G.F.C., E.A.M., R.B., X.C., A.A., M.A.S.), Boston, MA; Denali Therapeutics Inc. (R.M., J.W., M.M., S.S.D., J.I.A., G.A., S.H.-R.), San Francisco, CA; and Department of Nutrition (A.A.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Eric A Macklin
- From the Department of Neurology (G.F.C., R.B., X.C., M.A.S.) and Biostatistics Center, Department of Medicine (E.A.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School (G.F.C., E.A.M., R.B., X.C., A.A., M.A.S.), Boston, MA; Denali Therapeutics Inc. (R.M., J.W., M.M., S.S.D., J.I.A., G.A., S.H.-R.), San Francisco, CA; and Department of Nutrition (A.A.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Junhua Wang
- From the Department of Neurology (G.F.C., R.B., X.C., M.A.S.) and Biostatistics Center, Department of Medicine (E.A.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School (G.F.C., E.A.M., R.B., X.C., A.A., M.A.S.), Boston, MA; Denali Therapeutics Inc. (R.M., J.W., M.M., S.S.D., J.I.A., G.A., S.H.-R.), San Francisco, CA; and Department of Nutrition (A.A.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Manuel Montalban
- From the Department of Neurology (G.F.C., R.B., X.C., M.A.S.) and Biostatistics Center, Department of Medicine (E.A.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School (G.F.C., E.A.M., R.B., X.C., A.A., M.A.S.), Boston, MA; Denali Therapeutics Inc. (R.M., J.W., M.M., S.S.D., J.I.A., G.A., S.H.-R.), San Francisco, CA; and Department of Nutrition (A.A.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Sonnet S Davis
- From the Department of Neurology (G.F.C., R.B., X.C., M.A.S.) and Biostatistics Center, Department of Medicine (E.A.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School (G.F.C., E.A.M., R.B., X.C., A.A., M.A.S.), Boston, MA; Denali Therapeutics Inc. (R.M., J.W., M.M., S.S.D., J.I.A., G.A., S.H.-R.), San Francisco, CA; and Department of Nutrition (A.A.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Jamal I Alkabsh
- From the Department of Neurology (G.F.C., R.B., X.C., M.A.S.) and Biostatistics Center, Department of Medicine (E.A.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School (G.F.C., E.A.M., R.B., X.C., A.A., M.A.S.), Boston, MA; Denali Therapeutics Inc. (R.M., J.W., M.M., S.S.D., J.I.A., G.A., S.H.-R.), San Francisco, CA; and Department of Nutrition (A.A.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Rachit Bakshi
- From the Department of Neurology (G.F.C., R.B., X.C., M.A.S.) and Biostatistics Center, Department of Medicine (E.A.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School (G.F.C., E.A.M., R.B., X.C., A.A., M.A.S.), Boston, MA; Denali Therapeutics Inc. (R.M., J.W., M.M., S.S.D., J.I.A., G.A., S.H.-R.), San Francisco, CA; and Department of Nutrition (A.A.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Xiqun Chen
- From the Department of Neurology (G.F.C., R.B., X.C., M.A.S.) and Biostatistics Center, Department of Medicine (E.A.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School (G.F.C., E.A.M., R.B., X.C., A.A., M.A.S.), Boston, MA; Denali Therapeutics Inc. (R.M., J.W., M.M., S.S.D., J.I.A., G.A., S.H.-R.), San Francisco, CA; and Department of Nutrition (A.A.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Alberto Ascherio
- From the Department of Neurology (G.F.C., R.B., X.C., M.A.S.) and Biostatistics Center, Department of Medicine (E.A.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School (G.F.C., E.A.M., R.B., X.C., A.A., M.A.S.), Boston, MA; Denali Therapeutics Inc. (R.M., J.W., M.M., S.S.D., J.I.A., G.A., S.H.-R.), San Francisco, CA; and Department of Nutrition (A.A.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Giuseppe Astarita
- From the Department of Neurology (G.F.C., R.B., X.C., M.A.S.) and Biostatistics Center, Department of Medicine (E.A.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School (G.F.C., E.A.M., R.B., X.C., A.A., M.A.S.), Boston, MA; Denali Therapeutics Inc. (R.M., J.W., M.M., S.S.D., J.I.A., G.A., S.H.-R.), San Francisco, CA; and Department of Nutrition (A.A.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Sarah Huntwork-Rodriguez
- From the Department of Neurology (G.F.C., R.B., X.C., M.A.S.) and Biostatistics Center, Department of Medicine (E.A.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School (G.F.C., E.A.M., R.B., X.C., A.A., M.A.S.), Boston, MA; Denali Therapeutics Inc. (R.M., J.W., M.M., S.S.D., J.I.A., G.A., S.H.-R.), San Francisco, CA; and Department of Nutrition (A.A.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Michael A Schwarzschild
- From the Department of Neurology (G.F.C., R.B., X.C., M.A.S.) and Biostatistics Center, Department of Medicine (E.A.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School (G.F.C., E.A.M., R.B., X.C., A.A., M.A.S.), Boston, MA; Denali Therapeutics Inc. (R.M., J.W., M.M., S.S.D., J.I.A., G.A., S.H.-R.), San Francisco, CA; and Department of Nutrition (A.A.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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Schwarzschild MA, Macklin EA, Bakshi R, Battacharyya S, Logan R, Espay AJ, Hung AY, Bwala G, Goetz CG, Russell DS, Goudreau JL, Parashos SA, Saint-Hilaire MH, Rudolph A, Hare JM, Curhan GC, Ascherio A. Sex differences by design and outcome in the Safety of Urate Elevation in PD (SURE-PD) trial. Neurology 2019; 93:e1328-e1338. [PMID: 31484712 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000008194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether women and men with Parkinson disease (PD) differ in their biochemical and clinical responses to long-term treatment with inosine. METHODS The Safety of Urate Elevation in Parkinson's Disease (SURE-PD) trial enrolled 75 people with early PD and baseline serum urate below 6 mg/dL and randomized them to 3 double-blinded treatment arms: oral placebo or inosine titrated to produce mild (6.1-7.0 mg/dL) or moderate (7.1-8.0 mg/dL) serum urate elevation for up to 2 years. Parkinsonism, serum urate, and plasma antioxidant capacity were measured at baseline and repeatedly on treatment; CSF urate was assessed once, at 3 months. Here in secondary analyses results are stratified by sex. RESULTS Inosine produced an absolute increase in average serum urate from baseline that was 50% greater in women (3.0 mg/dL) than in men (2.0 mg/dL), consistent with expected lower baseline levels in women. Similarly, only among women was CSF urate significantly greater on mild or moderate inosine (+87% [p < 0.001] and +98% [p < 0.001], respectively) than on placebo (in contrast to men: +10% [p = 0.6] and +14% [p = 0.4], respectively). Women in the higher inosine dosing group showed a 7.0 Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) points/year lower rate of decline vs placebo (p = 0.01). In women, slower rates of UPDRS change were associated with greater increases in serum urate (r = -0.52; p = 0.001), and with greater increases in plasma antioxidant capacity (r = -0.44; p = 0.006). No significant associations were observed in men. CONCLUSIONS Inosine produced greater increases in serum and CSF urate in women compared to men in the SURE-PD trial, consistent with the study's design and with preliminary evidence for slower clinical decline in early PD among women treated with urate-elevating doses of inosine. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER NCT00833690. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class II evidence that inosine produced greater urate elevation in women than men and may slow PD progression in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Schwarzschild
- From the Departments of Neurology (M.A.S., R.B., S.B., R.L., A.Y.H., G.B.) and Medicine (E.A.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; University of Cincinnati (A.J.E.), OH; Rush University (C.G.G.), Chicago, IL; Michigan State University (J.L.G.), East Lansing; Struthers Parkinson's Center (S.A.P.), Minneapolis, MN; Boston University (M.H.S.-H.), MA; University of Rochester (A.R.), NY; University of Miami (J.M.H.), FL; Brigham and Women's Hospital (G.C.C.), Boston, MA; Yale University School of Medicine (D.S.R.), New Haven, CT; and Department of Nutrition (A.A.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
| | - Eric A Macklin
- From the Departments of Neurology (M.A.S., R.B., S.B., R.L., A.Y.H., G.B.) and Medicine (E.A.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; University of Cincinnati (A.J.E.), OH; Rush University (C.G.G.), Chicago, IL; Michigan State University (J.L.G.), East Lansing; Struthers Parkinson's Center (S.A.P.), Minneapolis, MN; Boston University (M.H.S.-H.), MA; University of Rochester (A.R.), NY; University of Miami (J.M.H.), FL; Brigham and Women's Hospital (G.C.C.), Boston, MA; Yale University School of Medicine (D.S.R.), New Haven, CT; and Department of Nutrition (A.A.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Rachit Bakshi
- From the Departments of Neurology (M.A.S., R.B., S.B., R.L., A.Y.H., G.B.) and Medicine (E.A.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; University of Cincinnati (A.J.E.), OH; Rush University (C.G.G.), Chicago, IL; Michigan State University (J.L.G.), East Lansing; Struthers Parkinson's Center (S.A.P.), Minneapolis, MN; Boston University (M.H.S.-H.), MA; University of Rochester (A.R.), NY; University of Miami (J.M.H.), FL; Brigham and Women's Hospital (G.C.C.), Boston, MA; Yale University School of Medicine (D.S.R.), New Haven, CT; and Department of Nutrition (A.A.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Shamik Battacharyya
- From the Departments of Neurology (M.A.S., R.B., S.B., R.L., A.Y.H., G.B.) and Medicine (E.A.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; University of Cincinnati (A.J.E.), OH; Rush University (C.G.G.), Chicago, IL; Michigan State University (J.L.G.), East Lansing; Struthers Parkinson's Center (S.A.P.), Minneapolis, MN; Boston University (M.H.S.-H.), MA; University of Rochester (A.R.), NY; University of Miami (J.M.H.), FL; Brigham and Women's Hospital (G.C.C.), Boston, MA; Yale University School of Medicine (D.S.R.), New Haven, CT; and Department of Nutrition (A.A.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Robert Logan
- From the Departments of Neurology (M.A.S., R.B., S.B., R.L., A.Y.H., G.B.) and Medicine (E.A.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; University of Cincinnati (A.J.E.), OH; Rush University (C.G.G.), Chicago, IL; Michigan State University (J.L.G.), East Lansing; Struthers Parkinson's Center (S.A.P.), Minneapolis, MN; Boston University (M.H.S.-H.), MA; University of Rochester (A.R.), NY; University of Miami (J.M.H.), FL; Brigham and Women's Hospital (G.C.C.), Boston, MA; Yale University School of Medicine (D.S.R.), New Haven, CT; and Department of Nutrition (A.A.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Alberto J Espay
- From the Departments of Neurology (M.A.S., R.B., S.B., R.L., A.Y.H., G.B.) and Medicine (E.A.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; University of Cincinnati (A.J.E.), OH; Rush University (C.G.G.), Chicago, IL; Michigan State University (J.L.G.), East Lansing; Struthers Parkinson's Center (S.A.P.), Minneapolis, MN; Boston University (M.H.S.-H.), MA; University of Rochester (A.R.), NY; University of Miami (J.M.H.), FL; Brigham and Women's Hospital (G.C.C.), Boston, MA; Yale University School of Medicine (D.S.R.), New Haven, CT; and Department of Nutrition (A.A.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Albert Y Hung
- From the Departments of Neurology (M.A.S., R.B., S.B., R.L., A.Y.H., G.B.) and Medicine (E.A.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; University of Cincinnati (A.J.E.), OH; Rush University (C.G.G.), Chicago, IL; Michigan State University (J.L.G.), East Lansing; Struthers Parkinson's Center (S.A.P.), Minneapolis, MN; Boston University (M.H.S.-H.), MA; University of Rochester (A.R.), NY; University of Miami (J.M.H.), FL; Brigham and Women's Hospital (G.C.C.), Boston, MA; Yale University School of Medicine (D.S.R.), New Haven, CT; and Department of Nutrition (A.A.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Grace Bwala
- From the Departments of Neurology (M.A.S., R.B., S.B., R.L., A.Y.H., G.B.) and Medicine (E.A.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; University of Cincinnati (A.J.E.), OH; Rush University (C.G.G.), Chicago, IL; Michigan State University (J.L.G.), East Lansing; Struthers Parkinson's Center (S.A.P.), Minneapolis, MN; Boston University (M.H.S.-H.), MA; University of Rochester (A.R.), NY; University of Miami (J.M.H.), FL; Brigham and Women's Hospital (G.C.C.), Boston, MA; Yale University School of Medicine (D.S.R.), New Haven, CT; and Department of Nutrition (A.A.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Christopher G Goetz
- From the Departments of Neurology (M.A.S., R.B., S.B., R.L., A.Y.H., G.B.) and Medicine (E.A.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; University of Cincinnati (A.J.E.), OH; Rush University (C.G.G.), Chicago, IL; Michigan State University (J.L.G.), East Lansing; Struthers Parkinson's Center (S.A.P.), Minneapolis, MN; Boston University (M.H.S.-H.), MA; University of Rochester (A.R.), NY; University of Miami (J.M.H.), FL; Brigham and Women's Hospital (G.C.C.), Boston, MA; Yale University School of Medicine (D.S.R.), New Haven, CT; and Department of Nutrition (A.A.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - David S Russell
- From the Departments of Neurology (M.A.S., R.B., S.B., R.L., A.Y.H., G.B.) and Medicine (E.A.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; University of Cincinnati (A.J.E.), OH; Rush University (C.G.G.), Chicago, IL; Michigan State University (J.L.G.), East Lansing; Struthers Parkinson's Center (S.A.P.), Minneapolis, MN; Boston University (M.H.S.-H.), MA; University of Rochester (A.R.), NY; University of Miami (J.M.H.), FL; Brigham and Women's Hospital (G.C.C.), Boston, MA; Yale University School of Medicine (D.S.R.), New Haven, CT; and Department of Nutrition (A.A.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - John L Goudreau
- From the Departments of Neurology (M.A.S., R.B., S.B., R.L., A.Y.H., G.B.) and Medicine (E.A.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; University of Cincinnati (A.J.E.), OH; Rush University (C.G.G.), Chicago, IL; Michigan State University (J.L.G.), East Lansing; Struthers Parkinson's Center (S.A.P.), Minneapolis, MN; Boston University (M.H.S.-H.), MA; University of Rochester (A.R.), NY; University of Miami (J.M.H.), FL; Brigham and Women's Hospital (G.C.C.), Boston, MA; Yale University School of Medicine (D.S.R.), New Haven, CT; and Department of Nutrition (A.A.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Sotirios A Parashos
- From the Departments of Neurology (M.A.S., R.B., S.B., R.L., A.Y.H., G.B.) and Medicine (E.A.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; University of Cincinnati (A.J.E.), OH; Rush University (C.G.G.), Chicago, IL; Michigan State University (J.L.G.), East Lansing; Struthers Parkinson's Center (S.A.P.), Minneapolis, MN; Boston University (M.H.S.-H.), MA; University of Rochester (A.R.), NY; University of Miami (J.M.H.), FL; Brigham and Women's Hospital (G.C.C.), Boston, MA; Yale University School of Medicine (D.S.R.), New Haven, CT; and Department of Nutrition (A.A.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Marie H Saint-Hilaire
- From the Departments of Neurology (M.A.S., R.B., S.B., R.L., A.Y.H., G.B.) and Medicine (E.A.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; University of Cincinnati (A.J.E.), OH; Rush University (C.G.G.), Chicago, IL; Michigan State University (J.L.G.), East Lansing; Struthers Parkinson's Center (S.A.P.), Minneapolis, MN; Boston University (M.H.S.-H.), MA; University of Rochester (A.R.), NY; University of Miami (J.M.H.), FL; Brigham and Women's Hospital (G.C.C.), Boston, MA; Yale University School of Medicine (D.S.R.), New Haven, CT; and Department of Nutrition (A.A.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Alice Rudolph
- From the Departments of Neurology (M.A.S., R.B., S.B., R.L., A.Y.H., G.B.) and Medicine (E.A.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; University of Cincinnati (A.J.E.), OH; Rush University (C.G.G.), Chicago, IL; Michigan State University (J.L.G.), East Lansing; Struthers Parkinson's Center (S.A.P.), Minneapolis, MN; Boston University (M.H.S.-H.), MA; University of Rochester (A.R.), NY; University of Miami (J.M.H.), FL; Brigham and Women's Hospital (G.C.C.), Boston, MA; Yale University School of Medicine (D.S.R.), New Haven, CT; and Department of Nutrition (A.A.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Joshua M Hare
- From the Departments of Neurology (M.A.S., R.B., S.B., R.L., A.Y.H., G.B.) and Medicine (E.A.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; University of Cincinnati (A.J.E.), OH; Rush University (C.G.G.), Chicago, IL; Michigan State University (J.L.G.), East Lansing; Struthers Parkinson's Center (S.A.P.), Minneapolis, MN; Boston University (M.H.S.-H.), MA; University of Rochester (A.R.), NY; University of Miami (J.M.H.), FL; Brigham and Women's Hospital (G.C.C.), Boston, MA; Yale University School of Medicine (D.S.R.), New Haven, CT; and Department of Nutrition (A.A.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Gary C Curhan
- From the Departments of Neurology (M.A.S., R.B., S.B., R.L., A.Y.H., G.B.) and Medicine (E.A.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; University of Cincinnati (A.J.E.), OH; Rush University (C.G.G.), Chicago, IL; Michigan State University (J.L.G.), East Lansing; Struthers Parkinson's Center (S.A.P.), Minneapolis, MN; Boston University (M.H.S.-H.), MA; University of Rochester (A.R.), NY; University of Miami (J.M.H.), FL; Brigham and Women's Hospital (G.C.C.), Boston, MA; Yale University School of Medicine (D.S.R.), New Haven, CT; and Department of Nutrition (A.A.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Alberto Ascherio
- From the Departments of Neurology (M.A.S., R.B., S.B., R.L., A.Y.H., G.B.) and Medicine (E.A.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; University of Cincinnati (A.J.E.), OH; Rush University (C.G.G.), Chicago, IL; Michigan State University (J.L.G.), East Lansing; Struthers Parkinson's Center (S.A.P.), Minneapolis, MN; Boston University (M.H.S.-H.), MA; University of Rochester (A.R.), NY; University of Miami (J.M.H.), FL; Brigham and Women's Hospital (G.C.C.), Boston, MA; Yale University School of Medicine (D.S.R.), New Haven, CT; and Department of Nutrition (A.A.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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Bakshi R, Macklin EA, Schwarzschild MA. Reply to “Mitochondrial DNA deletions discriminate affected from unaffected
LRRK
2 mutation carriers”. Ann Neurol 2019; 86:326-327. [DOI: 10.1002/ana.25509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachit Bakshi
- Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General Hospital Boston MA
- Harvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Eric A. Macklin
- Harvard Medical School Boston MA
- Biostatistics Center, Department of MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital Boston MA
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Bakshi R, Macklin EA, Logan R, Zorlu MM, Xia N, Crotty GF, Zhang E, Chen X, Ascherio A, Schwarzschild MA. Higher urate in
LRRK2
mutation carriers resistant to Parkinson disease. Ann Neurol 2019; 85:593-599. [DOI: 10.1002/ana.25436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachit Bakshi
- Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General Hospital
- Harvard Medical School
| | - Eric A. Macklin
- Harvard Medical School
- Biostatistics Center, Department of MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital
| | - Robert Logan
- Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General Hospital
| | | | - Ning Xia
- Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General Hospital
| | | | - Ellen Zhang
- Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General Hospital
| | - Xiqun Chen
- Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General Hospital
- Harvard Medical School
| | - Alberto Ascherio
- Departments of Epidemiology and Nutrition, T. H. Chan School of Public HealthHarvard University Boston MA
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Nicholson K, Chan J, Macklin EA, Levine‐Weinberg M, Breen C, Bakshi R, Grasso DL, Wills A, Jahandideh S, Taylor AA, Beaulieu D, Ennist DL, Andronesi O, Ratai E, Schwarzschild MA, Cudkowicz M, Paganoni S. Pilot trial of inosine to elevate urate levels in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2018; 5:1522-1533. [PMID: 30564619 PMCID: PMC6292193 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the safety, tolerability, and urate-elevating capability of the urate precursor inosine taken orally or by feeding tube in people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). METHODS This was a pilot, open-label trial in 25 participants with ALS. Treatment duration was 12 weeks. The dose of inosine was titrated at pre-specified time points to elevate serum urate levels to 7-8 mg/dL. Primary outcomes were safety (as assessed by the occurrence of adverse events [AEs]) and tolerability (defined as the ability to complete the 12-week study on study drug). Secondary outcomes included biomarkers of oxidative stress and damage. As an exploratory analysis, observed outcomes were compared with a virtual control arm built using prediction algorithms to estimate ALSFRS-R scores. RESULTS Twenty-four out of 25 participants (96%) completed 12 weeks of study drug treatment. One participant was unable to comply with study visits and was lost to follow-up. Serum urate rose to target levels in 6 weeks. No serious AEs attributed to study drug and no AEs of special concern, such as urolithiasis and gout, occurred. Selected biomarkers of oxidative stress and damage had significant changes during the study period. Observed changes in ALSFRS-R did not differ from baseline predictions. INTERPRETATION Inosine appeared safe, well tolerated, and effective in raising serum urate levels in people with ALS. These findings, together with epidemiological observations and preclinical data supporting a neuroprotective role of urate in ALS models, provide the rationale for larger clinical trials testing inosine as a potential disease-modifying therapy for ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Nicholson
- Neurological Clinical Research Institute (NCRI)Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH)BostonMassachusetts
| | - James Chan
- MGH Biostatistics CenterBostonMassachusetts
| | | | - Mark Levine‐Weinberg
- Neurological Clinical Research Institute (NCRI)Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH)BostonMassachusetts
| | - Christopher Breen
- Neurological Clinical Research Institute (NCRI)Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH)BostonMassachusetts
| | - Rachit Bakshi
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative DiseaseBostonMassachusetts
| | - Daniela L. Grasso
- Neurological Clinical Research Institute (NCRI)Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH)BostonMassachusetts
| | - Anne‐Marie Wills
- Neurological Clinical Research Institute (NCRI)Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH)BostonMassachusetts
| | | | | | | | | | - Ovidiu Andronesi
- MGH Department of RadiologyA. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical ImagingBostonMassachusetts
| | - Eva‐Maria Ratai
- MGH Department of RadiologyA. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical ImagingBostonMassachusetts
| | | | - Merit Cudkowicz
- Neurological Clinical Research Institute (NCRI)Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH)BostonMassachusetts
| | - Sabrina Paganoni
- Neurological Clinical Research Institute (NCRI)Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH)BostonMassachusetts
- Spaulding Rehabilitation HospitalBostonMassachusetts
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Dworkin JD, Linn KA, Oguz I, Fleishman GM, Bakshi R, Nair G, Calabresi PA, Henry RG, Oh J, Papinutto N, Pelletier D, Rooney W, Stern W, Sicotte NL, Reich DS, Shinohara RT. An Automated Statistical Technique for Counting Distinct Multiple Sclerosis Lesions. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2018; 39:626-633. [PMID: 29472300 PMCID: PMC5895493 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Lesion load is a common biomarker in multiple sclerosis, yet it has historically shown modest association with clinical outcome. Lesion count, which encapsulates the natural history of lesion formation and is thought to provide complementary information, is difficult to assess in patients with confluent (ie, spatially overlapping) lesions. We introduce a statistical technique for cross-sectionally counting pathologically distinct lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS MR imaging was used to assess the probability of a lesion at each location. The texture of this map was quantified using a novel technique, and clusters resembling the center of a lesion were counted. Validity compared with a criterion standard count was demonstrated in 60 subjects observed longitudinally, and reliability was determined using 14 scans of a clinically stable subject acquired at 7 sites. RESULTS The proposed count and the criterion standard count were highly correlated (r = 0.97, P < .001) and not significantly different (t59 = -.83, P = .41), and the variability of the proposed count across repeat scans was equivalent to that of lesion load. After accounting for lesion load and age, lesion count was negatively associated (t58 = -2.73, P < .01) with the Expanded Disability Status Scale. Average lesion size had a higher association with the Expanded Disability Status Scale (r = 0.35, P < .01) than lesion load (r = 0.10, P = .44) or lesion count (r = -.12, P = .36) alone. CONCLUSIONS This study introduces a novel technique for counting pathologically distinct lesions using cross-sectional data and demonstrates its ability to recover obscured longitudinal information. The proposed count allows more accurate estimation of lesion size, which correlated more closely with disability scores than either lesion load or lesion count alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Dworkin
- From the Departments of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (J.D.D., K.A.L., R.T.S.)
| | - K A Linn
- From the Departments of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (J.D.D., K.A.L., R.T.S.)
| | - I Oguz
- Radiology (I.O., G.M.F.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - G M Fleishman
- Radiology (I.O., G.M.F.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - R Bakshi
- Laboratory for Neuroimaging Research (R.B.), Partners Multiple Sclerosis Center, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases
- Departments of Neurology (R.B.)
- Radiology (R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - G Nair
- Translational Neuroradiology Section (G.N., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - P A Calabresi
- Department of Neurology (P.A.C., J.O., D.S.R.), the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - R G Henry
- Department of Neurology (R.G.H., N.P., W.S.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - J Oh
- Department of Neurology (P.A.C., J.O., D.S.R.), the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science (J.O.), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - N Papinutto
- Department of Neurology (R.G.H., N.P., W.S.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - D Pelletier
- Department of Neurology (D.P.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - W Rooney
- Advanced Imaging Research Center (W.R.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - W Stern
- Department of Neurology (R.G.H., N.P., W.S.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - N L Sicotte
- Department of Neurology (N.L.S.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California. A complete list of the NAIMS participants is provided in the acknowledgment section
| | - D S Reich
- Translational Neuroradiology Section (G.N., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Department of Neurology (P.A.C., J.O., D.S.R.), the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - R T Shinohara
- From the Departments of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (J.D.D., K.A.L., R.T.S.)
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Shinohara RT, Oh J, Nair G, Calabresi PA, Davatzikos C, Doshi J, Henry RG, Kim G, Linn KA, Papinutto N, Pelletier D, Pham DL, Reich DS, Rooney W, Roy S, Stern W, Tummala S, Yousuf F, Zhu A, Sicotte NL, Bakshi R. Volumetric Analysis from a Harmonized Multisite Brain MRI Study of a Single Subject with Multiple Sclerosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2017; 38:1501-1509. [PMID: 28642263 PMCID: PMC5557658 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE MR imaging can be used to measure structural changes in the brains of individuals with multiple sclerosis and is essential for diagnosis, longitudinal monitoring, and therapy evaluation. The North American Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis Cooperative steering committee developed a uniform high-resolution 3T MR imaging protocol relevant to the quantification of cerebral lesions and atrophy and implemented it at 7 sites across the United States. To assess intersite variability in scan data, we imaged a volunteer with relapsing-remitting MS with a scan-rescan at each site. MATERIALS AND METHODS All imaging was acquired on Siemens scanners (4 Skyra, 2 Tim Trio, and 1 Verio). Expert segmentations were manually obtained for T1-hypointense and T2 (FLAIR) hyperintense lesions. Several automated lesion-detection and whole-brain, cortical, and deep gray matter volumetric pipelines were applied. Statistical analyses were conducted to assess variability across sites, as well as systematic biases in the volumetric measurements that were site-related. RESULTS Systematic biases due to site differences in expert-traced lesion measurements were significant (P < .01 for both T1 and T2 lesion volumes), with site explaining >90% of the variation (range, 13.0-16.4 mL in T1 and 15.9-20.1 mL in T2) in lesion volumes. Site also explained >80% of the variation in most automated volumetric measurements. Output measures clustered according to scanner models, with similar results from the Skyra versus the other 2 units. CONCLUSIONS Even in multicenter studies with consistent scanner field strength and manufacturer after protocol harmonization, systematic differences can lead to severe biases in volumetric analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- R T Shinohara
- From the Departments of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (R.T.S., K.A.L.)
| | - J Oh
- Department of Neurology (J.O., P.A.C., D.S.R.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,St. Michael's Hospital (J.O.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - G Nair
- Translational Neuroradiology Section (G.N., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - P A Calabresi
- Department of Neurology (J.O., P.A.C., D.S.R.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - C Davatzikos
- Radiology (C.D., J.D.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - J Doshi
- Radiology (C.D., J.D.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - R G Henry
- Department of Neurology (R.G.H., N.P., W.S., A.Z.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - G Kim
- Laboratory for Neuroimaging Research (G.K., S.T., F.Y., R.B.), Partners Multiple Sclerosis Center
| | - K A Linn
- From the Departments of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (R.T.S., K.A.L.)
| | - N Papinutto
- Department of Neurology (R.G.H., N.P., W.S., A.Z.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - D Pelletier
- Department of Neurology (D.P.), Yale Medical School, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - D L Pham
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (D.L.P., S.R.), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - D S Reich
- Department of Neurology (J.O., P.A.C., D.S.R.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Translational Neuroradiology Section (G.N., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - W Rooney
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University (W.R.), Portland, Oregon
| | - S Roy
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (D.L.P., S.R.), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - W Stern
- Department of Neurology (R.G.H., N.P., W.S., A.Z.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - S Tummala
- Laboratory for Neuroimaging Research (G.K., S.T., F.Y., R.B.), Partners Multiple Sclerosis Center
| | - F Yousuf
- Laboratory for Neuroimaging Research (G.K., S.T., F.Y., R.B.), Partners Multiple Sclerosis Center
| | - A Zhu
- Department of Neurology (R.G.H., N.P., W.S., A.Z.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - N L Sicotte
- Department of Neurology (N.L.S.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - R Bakshi
- Laboratory for Neuroimaging Research (G.K., S.T., F.Y., R.B.), Partners Multiple Sclerosis Center.,Departments of Neurology and Radiology (R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Jain S, Bhattacharyya K, Bakshi R, Narang A, Brahmachari V. Distinguishing between biochemical and cellular function: Are there peptide signatures for cellular function of proteins? Proteins 2017; 85:682-693. [DOI: 10.1002/prot.25248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Jain
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi; Delhi 110007 India
| | - Kausik Bhattacharyya
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi; Delhi 110007 India
| | - Rachit Bakshi
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi; Delhi 110007 India
| | - Ankita Narang
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi; Delhi 110007 India
| | - Vani Brahmachari
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi; Delhi 110007 India
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Brass SD, Benedict RHB, Weinstock-Guttman B, Munschauer F, Bakshi R. Cognitive impairment is associated with subcortical magnetic resonance imaging grey matter T2 hypointensity in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2016; 12:437-44. [PMID: 16900757 DOI: 10.1191/135248506ms1301oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Grey matter hypointensity on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, suggesting iron deposition, has been described in multiple sclerosis (MS) and is related to physical disability, disease course and brain atrophy. We tested the hypothesis that subcortical grey matter T2 hypointensity is related to cognitive impairment after adjusting for the effect of MRI lesion and atrophy measures. We studied 33 patients with MS and 14 healthy controls. Normalized T2 signal intensity in the caudate, putamen, globus pallidus and thalamus, total brain T1-hypointense lesion volume (T1LV), fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery-hyperintense lesion volume (FLLV) and brain parenchymal fraction (BPF) were obtained quantitatively. A neuropsychological composite score (NCS) encompassed new learning, attention, working memory, spatial processing and executive function. In each of the regions of interest, the normalized T2 intensity was lower in the MS versus control group (all P <0.001). Regression modelling tested the relative association between all MRI variables and NCS. Globus pallidus T2 hypointensity was the only variable selected in the final model ( R2 = 0.301, P = 0.007). Pearson correlations between MRI and NCS were T1LV: r = -0.319; FLLV: r = -0.347; BPF: r = 0.374; T2 hypointensity of the caudate: r = 0.305; globus pallidus: r = 0.395; putamen: r = 0.321; and thalamus: r = 0.265. Basal ganglia T2 hypointensity and BPF demonstrated the strongest associations with cognitive impairment on individual cognitive subtests. Subcortical grey matter T2 hypointensity is related to cognitive impairment in MS, supporting the clinical relevance of T2 hypointensity as a biological marker of MS tissue damage. These data implicate a role for basal ganglia iron deposition in neuropsychological dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Brass
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurological Imaging, Partners Multiple Sclerosis Center, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Bhattacharyya S, Bakshi R, Logan R, Ascherio A, Macklin EA, Schwarzschild MA. Oral Inosine Persistently Elevates Plasma antioxidant capacity in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2016; 31:417-21. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.26483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shamik Bhattacharyya
- Department of Neurology, Molecular Neurobiology Lab; Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston Massachusetts USA
- Departments of Neurology; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Boston Massachusetts USA
- Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Rachit Bakshi
- Department of Neurology, Molecular Neurobiology Lab; Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston Massachusetts USA
- Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Robert Logan
- Department of Neurology, Molecular Neurobiology Lab; Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Alberto Ascherio
- Departments of Epidemiology and Nutrition; Harvard School of Public Health; Boston Massachusetts USA
- Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Eric A. Macklin
- Department of Medicine, Biostatistics Center; Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston Massachusetts USA
- Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Michael A. Schwarzschild
- Department of Neurology, Molecular Neurobiology Lab; Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston Massachusetts USA
- Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts USA
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Schwarzschild M, Fitzgerald K, Bakshi R, Macklin E, Scherzer C, Ascherio A. Association of α-synuclein gene expression with Parkinson’s disease is attenuated with higher serum urate in the PPMI cohort. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.10.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Xia N, Zhang Q, Wang ST, Gu L, Yang HM, Liu L, Bakshi R, Yang H, Zhang H. Blockade of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 protects against DNA damage in a rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease model. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:567-80. [PMID: 26454081 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate excitotoxicity contributes to the development of Parkinson's disease (PD) and pharmacological blockade of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) has beneficial anti-akinetic effects in animal models of PD; however, the mechanism by which these antagonists alleviate PD symptoms is largely unknown. In our study, the effects of mGluR5 inhibition on DNA damage were investigated in a rotenone-induced model of PD. We first found that the selective mGluR5 antagonist, 2-methyl-6- (phenylethynyl) pyridine, prevented rotenone-induced DNA damage in MN9D dopaminergic neurons through a mechanism involving the downregulation of intracellular calcium release which was associated with a reduction in endoplasmic reticulum stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related mitochondrial dysfunction. Interestingly, the ROS-related mitochondrial dysfunction was accompanied by an increase in expression of the antioxidant protein, Trx2. Treatment of cells with the calcium chelating agent 1,2-bis-(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid or the ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine, also reduced rotenone-induced DNA damage, while transfection of a dominant-negative form of Trx2 increased it. In addition, mGluR5 inhibition altered the expression profiles of proteins involved in DNA repair activity. Specifically, the expression of phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK) and CREB, as well as APE1 and Rad51 were elevated after rotenone stimulation and were subsequently downregulated following blockade of mGluR5. These findings were confirmed in vivo in a rotenone-induced rat model of PD. Inhibition of mGluR5 protected against neurotoxicity by mitigating oxidative stress-related DNA damage associated with 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine production and also reduced p-ERK activity and Trx2 expression. These findings provide a novel link between mGluR5 and DNA damage in a model of PD, and reveal a potential mechanism by which mGluR5 mediates DNA damage in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xia
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders and Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders and Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Shu Ting Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders and Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Li Gu
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders and Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hui Min Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders and Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders and Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Rachit Bakshi
- Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders and Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders and Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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Bakshi R, Zhang H, Logan R, Joshi I, Xu Y, Chen X, Schwarzschild MA. Neuroprotective effects of urate are mediated by augmenting astrocytic glutathione synthesis and release. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 82:574-579. [PMID: 26341543 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Urate has emerged as a promising target for neuroprotection based on epidemiological observations, preclinical models, and early clinical trial results in multiple neurologic diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD). This study investigates the astrocytic mechanism of urate's neuroprotective effect. Targeted biochemical screens of conditioned medium from urate- versus vehicle-treated astrocytes identified markedly elevated glutathione (GSH) concentrations as a candidate mediator of urate's astrocyte-dependent neuroprotective effects. Urate treatment also induced the nuclear translocation of the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) protein and transcriptional activation of its key target genes in primary astrocytic cultures. Urate's neuroprotective effect was attenuated when GSH was depleted in the conditioned media either by targeting its synthesis or release by astrocytes. Overall, these results implicate GSH as the extracellular astrocytic factor mediating the protective effect of urate in a cellular model of PD. These results also show that urate can employ a novel indirect neuroprotective mechanism via induction of the Nrf2 signaling pathway, a master regulator of the response to oxidative stress, in astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachit Bakshi
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, United States.
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, United States; Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Robert Logan
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, United States
| | - Ila Joshi
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, United States
| | - Yuehang Xu
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, United States
| | - Xiqun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, United States
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Woolf D, Williams N, Bakshi R, Madani S, Fawcitt S, Eaton D, Pigott K, Short S, Keshtgar M. Biological Dosimetry With γ-H2AX Foci Using Radiation Therapy for Breast Cancer as a Model. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Cipriani S, Bakshi R, Schwarzschild MA. Protection by inosine in a cellular model of Parkinson's disease. Neuroscience 2014; 274:242-9. [PMID: 24880154 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inosine (hypoxanthine 9-beta-D-ribofuranoside), a purine nucleoside with multiple intracellular roles, also serves as an extracellular modulatory signal. On neurons, it can produce anti-inflammatory and trophic effects that confer protection against toxic influences in vivo and in vitro. The protective effects of inosine treatment might also be mediated by its metabolite urate. Urate in fact possesses potent antioxidant properties and has been reported to be protective in preclinical Parkinson's disease (PD) studies and to be an inverse risk factor for both the development and progression of PD. In this study we assessed whether inosine might protect rodent MES 23.5 dopaminergic cell line from oxidative stress in a cellular model of PD, and whether its effects could be attributed to urate. MES 23.5 cells cultured alone or in presence of enriched murine astroglial cultures MES 23.5-astrocytes co-cultures were pretreated with inosine (0.1-100 μM) for 24 h before addition of the oxidative stress inducer H₂O₂ (200 μM). Twenty-four hours later, cell viability was quantified by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay or immunocytochemistry in pure and MES 23.5-astrocytes co-cultures, respectively. H₂O₂-toxic effect on dopaminergic cells was reduced when they were cultured with astrocytes, but not when they were cultured alone. Moreover, in MES 23.5-astrocytes co-cultures, indicators of free radical generation and oxidative damage, evaluated by nitrite (NO₂(-)) release and protein carbonyl content, respectively, were attenuated. Conditioned medium experiments indicated that the protective effect of inosine relies on the release of a protective factor from inosine-stimulated astrocytes. Purine levels were measured in the cellular extract and conditioned medium using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Urate concentration was not significantly increased by inosine treatment however there was a significant increase in levels of other purine metabolites, such as adenosine, hypoxanthine and xanthine. In particular, in MES 23.5-astrocytes co-cultures, inosine medium content was reduced by 99% and hypoxanthine increased by 127-fold. Taken together these data raise the possibility that inosine might have a protective effect in PD that is independent of any effects mediated through its metabolite urate.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cipriani
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, 114 16th street, Boston, MA 02129, USA.
| | - R Bakshi
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, 114 16th street, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - M A Schwarzschild
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, 114 16th street, Boston, MA 02129, USA
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Bove R, Musallam A, Healy BC, Raghavan K, Glanz BI, Bakshi R, Weiner H, De Jager PL, Miller KK, Chitnis T. Low testosterone is associated with disability in men with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2014; 20:1584-92. [PMID: 24710799 DOI: 10.1177/1352458514527864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gonadal steroids may modulate disease course in multiple sclerosis (MS). OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence and clinical associations of hypogonadism in men with MS. METHODS Male patients, aged 18-65 years, with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) or clinically-isolated syndrome (CIS) and their first symptom < 10 years prior were selected from a longitudinal clinical study. We measured their hormones in stored morning blood samples, and collected their Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores every 6 months and their Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) results annually. RESULTS Our analysis included 96 men with a mean age of 40 years, EDSS of 1.1 and disease duration of 4.6 years. Of these men, 39% were hypogonadal (total testosterone < 288 ng/dL); none showed compensatory elevations in luteinizing hormone. Their low testosterone levels and testosterone:estradiol ratios were negatively correlated with body mass index (BMI) and leptin, and showed no correlation with 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels. In our primary cross-sectional analyses, there was a negative age-adjusted correlation between total testosterone and EDSS (p = 0.044). In the age-adjusted longitudinal analyses, higher baseline testosterone levels were associated with less decline in SDMT (p = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS Men with MS may experience hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Low testosterone levels may be associated with worse clinical outcomes. A potential neuroprotective role for testosterone warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bove
- Partners Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Brookline, MA, USAHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USACenter for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Musallam
- Partners Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Brookline, MA, USA
| | - B C Healy
- Partners Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Brookline, MA, USAHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USAMassachusetts General Hospital Biostatistics Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - B I Glanz
- Partners Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Brookline, MA, USAHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R Bakshi
- Partners Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Brookline, MA, USAHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - H Weiner
- Partners Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Brookline, MA, USAHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USACenter for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - P L De Jager
- Partners Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Brookline, MA, USAHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USACenter for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K K Miller
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USANeuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - T Chitnis
- Partners Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Brookline, MA, USAHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USACenter for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Mike A, Glanz B, Hildenbrand P, Meier D, Bolden K, Dell'Oglio E, Healy B, Liguori M, Bakshi R, Guttmann C. Impact of cortical lesions identified by routine 3T MRI imaging on cognitive performance of patients with multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.07.1448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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22
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Bakshi R, Thumb N, Bröil H, Klein G, Mayrhofer F, Rainer F, Singer F, Smolen J. Treatment of Acute Lumbosacral Back Pain with Diclofenac Resinate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03257441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Ceccarelli A, Jackson JS, Tauhid S, Arora A, Gorky J, Dell'Oglio E, Bakshi A, Chitnis T, Khoury SJ, Weiner HL, Guttmann CRG, Bakshi R, Neema M. The impact of lesion in-painting and registration methods on voxel-based morphometry in detecting regional cerebral gray matter atrophy in multiple sclerosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2012; 33:1579-85. [PMID: 22460341 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a3083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE VBM has been widely used to study GM atrophy in MS. MS lesions lead to segmentation and registration errors that may affect the reliability of VBM results. Improved segmentation and registration have been demonstrated by WM LI before segmentation. DARTEL appears to improve registration versus the USM. Our aim was to compare the performance of VBM-DARTEL versus VBM-USM and the effect of LI in the regional analysis of GM atrophy in MS. MATERIALS AND METHODS 3T T1 MR imaging scans were acquired from 26 patients with RRMS and 28 age-matched NC. LI replaced WM lesions with normal-appearing WM intensities before image segmentation. VBM analysis was performed in SPM8 by using DARTEL and USM with and without LI, allowing the comparison of 4 VBM methods (DARTEL + LI, DARTEL - LI, USM + LI, and USM - LI). Accuracy of VBM was assessed by using NMI, CC, and a simulation analysis. RESULTS Overall, DARTEL + LI yielded the most accurate GM maps among the 4 methods (highest NMI and CC, P < .001). DARTEL + LI showed significant GM loss in the bilateral thalami and caudate nuclei in patients with RRMS versus NC. The other 3 methods overestimated the number of regions of GM loss in RRMS versus NC. LI improved the accuracy of both VBM methods. Simulated data suggested the accuracy of the results provided from patient MR imaging analysis. CONCLUSIONS We introduce a pipeline that shows promise in limiting segmentation and registration errors in VBM analysis in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ceccarelli
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Laboratory for Neuroimaging Research, Partners MS Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02445, USA
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Gholipour T, Egorova S, Sevdalinova V, Healy B, Bakshi R, Guttmann C, Khoury S, Weiner H, Chitnis T. MRI Characteristics of Malignant Multiple Sclerosis (S50.001). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.s50.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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25
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Ceccarelli A, Neema M, Jackson J, Han X, Arora A, Glanz B, Benedict R, Bakshi R. The Longitudinal Relationship between Cognitive Dysfunction and Global vs. Regional Brain Atrophy in Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: A One Year Follow-Up Study (S51.004). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.s51.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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26
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Arora A, Delloglio E, Ceccarelli A, Glanz B, Healy B, Tauhid S, Jackson J, Saravanan N, Benedict R, Bakshi R, Neema M. Quantification of Global Cerebral Gray Matter Atrophy in Multiple Sclerosis from 3T MRI (P03.056). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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27
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Ding H, Sarokhan AK, Roderick SS, Bakshi R, Maher NE, Ashourian P, Kan CG, Chang S, Santarlasci A, Swords KE, Ravina BM, Hayes MT, Sohur US, Wills AM, Flaherty AW, Unni VK, Hung AY, Selkoe DJ, Schwarzschild MA, Schlossmacher MG, Sudarsky LR, Growdon JH, Ivinson AJ, Hyman BT, Scherzer CR. Association of SNCA with Parkinson: replication in the Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center Biomarker Study. Mov Disord 2011; 26:2283-6. [PMID: 21953863 DOI: 10.1002/mds.23934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Revised: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the α-synuclein gene (SNCA) cause autosomal dominant forms of Parkinson's disease, but the substantial risk conferred by this locus to the common sporadic disease has only recently emerged from genome-wide association studies. METHODS We genotyped a prioritized noncoding variant in SNCA intron 4 in 344 patients with Parkinson's disease and 275 controls from the longitudinal Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center Biomarker Study. RESULTS The common minor allele of rs2736990 was associated with elevated disease susceptibility (odds ratio, 1.40; P = .0032). CONCLUSIONS This result increases confidence in the notion that in many clinically well-characterized patients, genetic variation in SNCA contributes to "sporadic" disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliu Ding
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women's Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Klein JP, Arora A, Neema M, Healy BC, Tauhid S, Goldberg-Zimring D, Chavarro-Nieto C, Stankiewicz JM, Cohen AB, Buckle GJ, Houtchens MK, Ceccarelli A, Dell'Oglio E, Guttmann CRG, Alsop DC, Hackney DB, Bakshi R. A 3T MR imaging investigation of the topography of whole spinal cord atrophy in multiple sclerosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2011; 32:1138-42. [PMID: 21527570 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a2459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Spinal cord atrophy is a common feature of MS. However, it is unknown which cord levels are most susceptible to atrophy. We performed whole cord imaging to identify the levels most susceptible to atrophy in patients with MS versus controls and also tested for differences among MS clinical phenotypes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-five patients with MS (2 with CIS, 27 with RRMS, 2 with SPMS, and 4 with PPMS phenotypes) and 27 healthy controls underwent whole cord 3T MR imaging. The spinal cord contour was segmented and assigned to bins representing each C1 to T12 vertebral level. Volumes were normalized, and group comparisons were age-adjusted. RESULTS There was a trend toward decreased spinal cord volume at the upper cervical levels in PPMS/SPMS versus controls. A trend toward increased spinal cord volume throughout the cervical and thoracic cord in RRMS/CIS versus controls reached statistical significance at the T10 vertebral level. A statistically significant decrease was found in spinal cord volume at the upper cervical levels in PPMS/SPMS versus RRMS/CIS. CONCLUSIONS Opposing pathologic factors impact spinal cord volume measures in MS. Patients with PPMS demonstrated a trend toward upper cervical cord atrophy. However patients with RRMS showed a trend toward increased volume at the cervical and thoracic levels, which most likely reflects inflammation or edema-related cord expansion. With the disease causing both expansion and contraction of the cord, the specificity of spinal cord volume measures for neuroprotective therapeutic effect may be limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Klein
- Laboratory for Neuroimaging Research, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Filippi M, Rocca MA, Barkhof F, Bakshi R, Fazekas F, Khan O, Pelletier D, Rovira A, Simon J. Multiple sclerosis and chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency: the neuroimaging perspective. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2011; 32:424-7. [PMID: 21292801 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a2348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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30
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Mike A, Glanz BI, Hildenbrand P, Meier D, Bolden K, Liguori M, Dell'Oglio E, Healy BC, Bakshi R, Guttmann CRG. Identification and clinical impact of multiple sclerosis cortical lesions as assessed by routine 3T MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2011; 32:515-21. [PMID: 21310857 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a2340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Histopathologic studies have reported widespread cortical lesions in MS; however, in vivo detection by using routinely available pulse sequences is challenging. We investigated the relative frequency and subtypes of cortical lesions and their relationships to white matter lesions and cognitive and physical disability. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cortical lesions were identified and classified on the basis of concurrent review of 3D FLAIR and 3D T1-weighted IR-SPGR 3T MR images in 26 patients with MS. Twenty-five patients completed the MACFIMS battery. White matter lesion volume, cortical lesion number, and cortical lesion volume were assessed. RESULTS Overall, 249 cortical lesions were detected. Cortical lesions were present in 24/26 patients (92.3%) (range per patient, 0-30; mean, 9.6 ± 8.8). Most (94.4%, n = 235) cortical lesions were classified as mixed cortical-subcortical (type I); the remaining 5.6% (n = 14) were classified as purely intracortical (type II). Subpial cortical lesions (type III) were not detected. White matter lesion volume correlated with cortical lesion number and cortical lesion volume (r(S) = 0.652, r(S) = 0.705, respectively; both P < .001). After controlling for age, depression, and premorbid intelligence, we found that all MR imaging variables (cortical lesion number, cortical lesion volume, white matter lesion volume) correlated with the SDMT score (R(2) = 0.513, R(2) = 0.449, R(2) = 0.418, respectively; P < .014); cortical lesion number also correlated with the CVLT-II scores (R(2) = 0.542-0.461, P < .043). The EDSS scores correlated with cortical lesion number and cortical lesion volume (r(S) = 0.472, r(S) = 0.404, respectively; P < .05), but not with white matter lesion volume. CONCLUSIONS Our routinely available imaging method detected many cortical lesions in patients with MS and was useful in their precise topographic characterization in the context of the gray matter-white matter junction. Routinely detectable cortical lesions were related to physical disability and cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mike
- Center for Neurological Imaging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Bakshi R, Hassan MQ, Pratap J, Lian JB, Montecino MA, van Wijnen AJ, Stein JL, Imbalzano AN, Stein GS. The human SWI/SNF complex associates with RUNX1 to control transcription of hematopoietic target genes. J Cell Physiol 2010; 225:569-76. [PMID: 20506188 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The acute myeloid leukemia 1 (AML1, RUNX1) transcription factor is a key regulator of hematopoietic differentiation that forms multi-protein complexes with co-regulatory proteins. These complexes are assembled at target gene promoters in nuclear microenvironments to mediate phenotypic gene expression and chromatin-related epigenetic modifications. Here, immunofluorescence microscopy and biochemical assays are used to show that RUNX1 associates with the human ATP-dependent SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex. The SWI/SNF subunits BRG1 and INI1 bind in vivo to RUNX1 target gene promoters (e.g., GMCSF, IL3, MCSF-R, MIP, and p21). These interactions correlate with histone modifications characteristic of active chromatin, including acetylated H4 and dimethylated H3 lysine 4. Downregulation of RUNX1 by RNA interference diminishes the binding of BRG1 and INI1 at selected target genes. Taken together, our findings indicate that RUNX1 interacts with the human SWI/SNF complex to control hematopoietic-specific gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachit Bakshi
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
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32
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Zaidi SK, Medina RF, Pockwinse SM, Bakshi R, Kota KP, Ali SA, Young DW, Nickerson JA, Javed A, Montecino M, van Wijnen AJ, Lian JB, Stein JL, Stein GS. Subnuclear localization and intranuclear trafficking of transcription factors. Methods Mol Biol 2010; 647:77-93. [PMID: 20694661 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-738-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear microenvironments are architecturally organized subnuclear sites where the regulatory machinery for gene expression, replication, and repair resides. This compartmentalization is necessary to attain required stoichiometry for organization and assembly of regulatory complexes for combinatorial control. Combined and methodical application of molecular, cellular, biochemical, and in vivo genetic approaches is required to fully understand complexities of biological control. Here we provide methodologies to characterize nuclear organization of regulatory machinery by in situ immunofluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayyed K Zaidi
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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Liao Z, Bakshi R, Bresnick E, Schlossmacher M, Zheng B, Scherzer C. P3.042 A GATA-2-switch model of a-synuclein overexpression in sporadic Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1353-8020(09)70606-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Healy B, Valsasina P, Filippi M, Bakshi R. Sample size requirements for treatment effects using gray matter, white matter and whole brain volume in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2009; 80:1218-23. [PMID: 19204021 PMCID: PMC2846617 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2008.154732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the sample size requirements for a neuroprotection trial with change in cerebral gray matter volume (GMV), white matter volume (WMV) or whole brain parenchymal volume (BPV) as outcome measures in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). METHODS Two datasets with longitudinal MRI measures of untreated patients with RRMS (n = 116 and n = 26) and one dataset of treated patients with RRMS (n = 109) were investigated. In each dataset, normalised GMV, normalised WMV and normalised BPV were analysed using a random intercepts and slopes model to estimate the variance components and per cent change. The required sample size to observe a 33%, 50% and 90% reduction in the per cent change was calculated for each dataset using both a constant per cent change for each measurement and the estimated per cent change for each dataset. RESULTS The per cent change was greatest in GMV but all variance components were smallest in BPV. Using the estimated per cent change, the sample size required in the untreated cohorts was similar for GMV and BPV, and both were lower than WMV. In the treated cohort, the sample size for GMV was the smallest of all measures. Including additional scans reduced the sample size but increasing the length of the trial and clustering scans led to greater reductions. CONCLUSIONS Cerebral GMV may be a viable outcome measure for clinical trials investigating neuroprotection in RRMS patients, especially considering that the treatment effect may be larger on GMV compared with BPV. However, GMV was somewhat limited by increased variability versus BPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Healy
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Partners MS Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Sampat MP, Berger AM, Healy BC, Hildenbrand P, Vass J, Meier DS, Chitnis T, Weiner HL, Bakshi R, Guttmann CRG. Regional white matter atrophy--based classification of multiple sclerosis in cross-sectional and longitudinal data. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2009; 30:1731-9. [PMID: 19696139 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a1659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The different clinical subtypes of multiple sclerosis (MS) may reflect underlying differences in affected neuroanatomic regions. Our aim was to analyze the effectiveness of jointly using the inferior subolivary medulla oblongata volume (MOV) and the cross-sectional area of the corpus callosum in distinguishing patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), secondary-progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS), and primary-progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS). MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed a cross-sectional dataset of 64 patients (30 RRMS, 14 SPMS, 20 PPMS) and a separate longitudinal dataset of 25 patients (114 MR imaging examinations). Twelve patients in the longitudinal dataset had converted from RRMS to SPMS. For all images, the MOV and corpus callosum were delineated manually and the corpus callosum was parcellated into 5 segments. Patients from the cross-sectional dataset were classified as RRMS, SPMS, or PPMS by using a decision tree algorithm with the following input features: brain parenchymal fraction, age, disease duration, MOV, total corpus callosum area and areas of 5 segments of the corpus callosum. To test the robustness of the classification technique, we applied the results derived from the cross-sectional analysis to the longitudinal dataset. RESULTS MOV and central corpus callosum segment area were the 2 features retained by the decision tree. Patients with MOV >0.94 cm(3) were classified as having RRMS. Patients with progressive MS were further subclassified as having SPMS if the central corpus callosum segment area was <55.12 mm(2), and as having PPMS otherwise. In the cross-sectional dataset, 51/64 (80%) patients were correctly classified. For the longitudinal dataset, 88/114 (77%) patient time points were correctly classified as RRMS or SPMS. CONCLUSIONS Classification techniques revealed differences in affected neuroanatomic regions in subtypes of multiple sclerosis. The combination of central corpus callosum segment area and MOV provides good discrimination among patients with RRMS, SPMS, and PPMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Sampat
- Center for Neurological Imaging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Stankiewicz JM, Neema M, Alsop DC, Healy BC, Arora A, Buckle GJ, Chitnis T, Guttmann CRG, Hackney D, Bakshi R. Spinal cord lesions and clinical status in multiple sclerosis: A 1.5 T and 3 T MRI study. J Neurol Sci 2009; 279:99-105. [PMID: 19178916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2008.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2008] [Revised: 11/07/2008] [Accepted: 11/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Assess the relationship between spinal cord T2 hyperintense lesions and clinical status in multiple sclerosis (MS) with 1.5 and 3 T MRI. METHODS Whole cord T2-weighted fast spin-echo MRI was performed in 32 MS patients [Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score (mean+/-SD: 2+/-1.9), range 0-6.5]. Protocols at 1.5 T and 3 T were optimized and matched on voxel size. RESULTS Moderate correlations were found between whole cord lesion volume and EDSS score at 1.5 T (r(s)=.36, p=0.04), but not at 3 T (r(s)=0.13, p=0.46). Pyramidal Functional System Score (FSS) correlated with thoracic T2 lesion number (r(s)=.46, p=0.01) and total spinal cord lesion number (r(s)=0.37, p=0.04) and volume (r(s)=0.37, p=0.04) at 1.5 T. Bowel/bladder FSS correlated with T2 lesion volume and number in the cervical, thoracic, and total spine at 1.5 T (r(s) 0.40-0.57, all p<0.05). These MRI-FSS correlations were non-significant at 3 T. However, these correlation coefficients did not differ significantly between platforms (Choi's test p>0.05). Correlations between whole cord lesion volume and timed 25-foot walk were non-significant at 1.5 T and 3 T (p>0.05). Lesion number and volume did not differ between MRI platforms in the MS group (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Despite the use of higher field MRI strength, the link between spinal lesions and MS disability remains weak. The 1.5 T and 3 T protocols yielded similar results for many comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Stankiewicz
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Partners MS Center, Harvard Medical School, Brookline, MA 02445, USA
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Ceccarelli A, Filippi M, Neema M, Arora A, Valsasina P, Rocca MA, Healy BC, Bakshi R. T2 hypointensity in the deep gray matter of patients with benign multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2009; 15:678-86. [DOI: 10.1177/1352458509103611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Gray matter (GM) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2 hypointensity, a putative marker of iron deposition, commonly occurs in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, GM T2 hypointensity in benign MS (BMS) has not yet been characterized. Objective To determine the presence of deep GM T2 hypointensity in BMS, compare it to secondary progressive (SP) MS and assess its association with clinical and diffusion tensor (DT) MRI measures. Methods Thirty-five cognitively unimpaired BMS, 26 SPMS patients, and 25 healthy controls were analyzed for normalized T2-intensity in the basal ganglia and thalamus, global T2 hyperintense lesion volume, global atrophy, and white matter and GM DT metrics. Results BMS and SPMS patients showed deep GM T2 hypointensity compared with controls. T2 hypointensity was similar in both MS subgroups and moderately correlated ( r = −0.45 to 0.42) with DT MRI metrics. GM T2 hypointensity in BMS showed a weak to moderate correlation ( r = −0.44 to −0.35) with disability. Conclusions GM in BMS is not spared from structural change including iron deposition. However, while T2 hypointensity is related to global tissue disruption reflected in DT MRI, the expression of benign versus non-benign MS is likely related to other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ceccarelli
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Scientific Institute and University Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - M Filippi
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Scientific Institute and University Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - M Neema
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Laboratory for Neuroimaging Research, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Arora
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Laboratory for Neuroimaging Research, Boston, MA, USA
| | - P Valsasina
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Scientific Institute and University Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - MA Rocca
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Scientific Institute and University Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - BC Healy
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Laboratory for Neuroimaging Research, Boston, MA, USA; Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R Bakshi
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Laboratory for Neuroimaging Research, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Laboratory for Neuroimaging Research, Boston, MA, USA
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Neema M, Guss ZD, Stankiewicz JM, Arora A, Healy BC, Bakshi R. Normal findings on brain fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MR images at 3T. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2009; 30:911-6. [PMID: 19369605 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a1514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) MR imaging of the brain has become a routine tool for assessing lesions in patients with suspected neurologic disorders. There is growing interest in 3T brain FLAIR MR imaging but little normative data are available. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency and topography of cerebral hyperintensities seen with FLAIR MR imaging of the brain at 3T in a normal population and compare those findings to 1.5T. MATERIALS AND METHODS Whole-brain 2D FLAIR MR imaging was performed in 22 healthy controls (mean age, 44 +/- 8 years; range, 30-53 years) at 3T. Fifteen of these subjects also underwent 2D FLAIR at 1.5T, with similar optimized parameters and voxel size. Cerebral hyperintense areas, including discrete foci, anterior and posterior periventricular capping, diffuse parenchymal hyperintensity, septal hyperintensity, corticospinal tract hyperintensity, and CSF flow artifacts were assessed. The Spearman rank test assessed the correlation between discrete hyperintense foci and age. The Wilcoxon signed rank test compared foci detectability at 3T versus 1.5T. RESULTS FLAIR at 3T commonly showed hyperintensities such as discrete foci (mean, 10.68 per subject; at least 1 present in 68% of subjects), anterior and posterior periventricular capping, diffuse posterior white matter hyperintensity, septal hyperintensity, corticospinal tract hyperintensity, and ventricular CSF flow artifacts. FLAIR at 3T showed a higher hyperintense foci volume (170 +/- 243 versus 93 +/- 152 mm3, P < .01) and number (9.4 +/- 13 versus 5.5 +/- 9.2, P < .01) than at 1.5T. No significant differences (P = .68) in the length/diameter of individual discrete hyperintense foci were seen between 3T and 1.5T. Discrete foci volume (r = 0.72 at 3T, r = 0.70 at 1.5T) and number (r = 0.74 at 3T; r = 0.69 at 1.5T) correlated with age to a similar degree on both platforms. All discrete foci were confined to the noncallosal supratentorial white matter. The other nonfocal hyperintensities (anterior and posterior periventricular capping, diffuse parenchymal hyperintensity, septal hyperintensity, corticospinal tract hyperintensity, and CSF flow artifacts) were generally more common and prominent at 3T than at 1.5T. CONCLUSIONS Discrete and diffuse parenchymal brain white matter FLAIR hyperintensities are more common and prominent at 3T than at 1.5T in healthy volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Neema
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Laboratory for Neuroimaging Research, Partners Multiple Sclerosis Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Bakshi R, Zaidi SK, Pande S, Hassan MQ, Young DW, Montecino M, Lian JB, van Wijnen AJ, Stein JL, Stein GS. The leukemogenic t(8;21) fusion protein AML1-ETO controls rRNA genes and associates with nucleolar-organizing regions at mitotic chromosomes. J Cell Sci 2008; 121:3981-90. [PMID: 19001502 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.033431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
RUNX1/AML1 is required for definitive hematopoiesis and is frequently targeted by chromosomal translocations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The t(8;21)-related AML1-ETO fusion protein blocks differentiation of myeloid progenitors. Here, we show by immunofluorescence microscopy that during interphase, endogenous AML1-ETO localizes to nuclear microenvironments distinct from those containing native RUNX1/AML1 protein. At mitosis, we clearly detect binding of AML1-ETO to nucleolar-organizing regions in AML-derived Kasumi-1 cells and binding of RUNX1/AML1 to the same regions in Jurkat cells. Both RUNX1/AML1 and AML1-ETO occupy ribosomal DNA repeats during interphase, as well as interact with the endogenous RNA Pol I transcription factor UBF1. Promoter cytosine methylation analysis indicates that RUNX1/AML1 binds to rDNA repeats that are more highly CpG methylated than those bound by AML1-ETO. Downregulation by RNA interference reveals that RUNX1/AML1 negatively regulates rDNA transcription, whereas AML1-ETO is a positive regulator in Kasumi-1 cells. Taken together, our findings identify a novel role for the leukemia-related AML1-ETO protein in epigenetic control of cell growth through upregulation of ribosomal gene transcription mediated by RNA Pol I, consistent with the hyper-proliferative phenotype of myeloid cells in AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachit Bakshi
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
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Liptak Z, Berger AM, Sampat MP, Charil A, Felsovalyi O, Healy BC, Hildenbrand P, Khoury SJ, Weiner HL, Bakshi R, Guttmann CRG. Medulla oblongata volume: a biomarker of spinal cord damage and disability in multiple sclerosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2008; 29:1465-70. [PMID: 18556361 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a1162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE While brain MR imaging is routinely performed, the MR imaging assessment of spinal cord pathology in multiple sclerosis (MS) is less frequent in clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to determine whether measurements of medulla oblongata volume (MOV) on routine brain MR imaging could serve as a biomarker of spinal cord damage and disability in MS. MATERIALS AND METHODS We identified 45 patients with MS with both head and cervical spinal cord MR imaging and 29 age-matched and sex-matched healthy control subjects with head MR imaging. Disability was assessed by the expanded disability status scale (EDSS) and ambulation index (AI). MOV and upper cervical cord volume (UCCV) were manually segmented; semiautomated segmentation was used for brain parenchymal fraction (BPF). These measures were compared between groups, and linear regression models were built to predict disability. RESULTS In the patients, MOV correlated significantly with UCCV (r = 0.67), BPF (r = 0.45), disease duration (r = -0.64), age (r = -0.47), EDSS score (r = -0.49) and AI (r = -0.52). Volume loss of the medulla oblongata was -0.008 cm(3)/year of age in patients with MS, but no significant linear relationship with age was found for healthy control subjects. The patients had a smaller MOV (mean +/- SD, 1.02 +/- 0.17 cm(3)) than healthy control subjects (1.15 +/- 0.15 cm(3)), though BPF was unable to distinguish between these 2 groups. MOV was smaller in patients with progressive MS (secondary- progressive MS, 0.88 +/- 0.19 cm(3) and primary-progressive MS, 0.95 +/- 0.30 cm(3)) than in patients with relapsing-remitting MS (1.08 +/- 0.15 cm(3)). A model including both MOV and BPF better predicted AI than BPF alone (P = .04). Good reproducibility in MOV measurements was demonstrated for intrarater (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.97), interrater (0.79), and scan rescan data (0.81). CONCLUSION MOV is associated with disability in MS and can serve as a biomarker of spinal cord damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Liptak
- Center for Neurological Imaging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA
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Duan Y, Hildenbrand PG, Sampat MP, Tate DF, Csapo I, Moraal B, Bakshi R, Barkhof F, Meier DS, Guttmann CRG. Segmentation of subtraction images for the measurement of lesion change in multiple sclerosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2008; 29:340-6. [PMID: 18272569 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a0795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Lesion volume change (LVC) assessment is essential in monitoring MS progression. LVC is usually measured by independently segmenting serial MR imaging examinations. Subtraction imaging has been proposed for improved visualization and characterization of lesion change. We compare segmentation of subtraction images (SSEG) with serial single time-point conventional segmentation (CSEG) by assessing the LVC relationship to brain atrophy and disease duration, as well as scan-rescan reproducibility and annual rates of lesion accrual. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pairs of scans were acquired 1.5 to 4.7 years apart in 21 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Scan-rescan MR images were acquired within 30 minutes in 10 patients with MS. LVC was measured with CSEG and SSEG after coregistration and normalization. Coefficient of variation (COV) and Bland-Altman analyses estimated method reproducibility. Spearman rank correlations probed associations between LVC and other measures. RESULTS Atrophy rate and net LVC were associated for SSEG (R = -0.446; P < .05) but not when using CSEG (R = -0.180; P = .421). Disease duration did not show an association with net lesion volume change per year measured by CSEG (R = -0.360; P = .11) but showed an inverse correlation with SSEG-derived measurements (R = -0.508; P < .05). Scan-rescan COV was lower for SSEG (0.98% +/- 1.55%) than for CSEG (8.64% +/- 9.91%). CONCLUSION SSEG unveiled a relationship between T2 LVC and concomitant brain atrophy and demonstrated significantly higher measurement reproducibility. SSEG, a promising tool providing detailed analysis of subtle alterations in lesion size and intensity, may provide critical outcome measures for clinical trials of novel treatments, and may provide further insight into progression patterns in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Duan
- Center for Neurological Imaging, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Dai A, Wasay M, Dubey N, Giglio P, Bakshi R. Superior sagittal sinus thrombosis secondary to hyperthyroidism. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2007; 9:89-90. [PMID: 17895204 DOI: 10.1053/jscd.2000.0090089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/1999] [Accepted: 09/15/1999] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Superior sagittal sinus thrombosis (SSST) is associated with a variety of hypercoaguable states. Although coagulation disturbances are reported in hyperthyroidism, a direct link between hyperthyroidism and cerebral venous thrombosis is not established. We report a 39-year-old man who developed increased intracranial pressure, seizures, and rapid atrial fibrillation. Neuroimaging showed SSST, and laboratory studies were consistent with hyperthyroidism. No other causes of a hypercoaguable state were identified. Prompt treatment of his hyperthyroidism led to recanalization of the superior sagittal sinus and a full neurological recovery. Given the known effects of hyperthyroidism on factor VIII activity, we hypothesize that hyperthyroidism is an independent risk factor for SSST. A high index of suspicion for SSST is warranted in patients with hyperthyroidism and neurological symptoms. Furthermore, thyroid dysfunction should be excluded in patients with unexplained SSST.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dai
- Department of Neurology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Houtchens MK, Benedict RHB, Killiany R, Sharma J, Jaisani Z, Singh B, Weinstock-Guttman B, Guttmann CRG, Bakshi R. Thalamic atrophy and cognition in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2007; 69:1213-23. [PMID: 17875909 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000276992.17011.b5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 361] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent studies have indicated that brain atrophy is more closely associated with cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis (MS) than are conventional MRI lesion measures. Enlargement of the third ventricle shows a particularly strong correlation with cognitive impairment, suggesting clinical relevance of damage to surrounding structures, such as the thalamus. Previous imaging and pathology studies have demonstrated thalamic involvement in MS. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that thalamic volume is lower in MS than in normal subjects, and that thalamic atrophy in MS correlates with cognitive function. METHODS We studied 79 patients with MS and 16 normal subjects. A subgroup of 31 MS subjects underwent cognitive testing. The thalamus was segmented in whole from three-dimensional MRI scans. We also determined whole brain atrophy (brain parenchymal fraction), third ventricular width, and whole brain T2-weighted (fluid-attenuated inversion recovery) hyperintense, T1 hypointense, and gadolinium-enhanced lesion volumes. RESULTS Normalized thalamic volume was 16.8% lower in the MS group (p < 0.0001) vs controls. Cognitive performance in all domains was moderately to strongly related to thalamic volume in the MS group (r = 0.506 to 0.724, p < 0.005), and thalamic volume entered and remained in all regression models predicting cognitive performance. Thalamic volume showed a weak relationship to physical disability score (r = -0.316, p = 0.005). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that thalamic atrophy is a clinically relevant biomarker of the neurodegenerative disease process in multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Houtchens
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Partners MS Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Filippi M, Rocca MA, Arnold DL, Bakshi R, Barkhof F, De Stefano N, Fazekas F, Frohman E, Wolinsky JS. EFNS guidelines on the use of neuroimaging in the management of multiple sclerosis. Eur J Neurol 2006; 13:313-25. [PMID: 16643308 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01543.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance (MR)-based techniques are widely used for the assessment of patients with suspected and definite multiple sclerosis (MS). However, despite the publication of several position papers, which attempted to define the utility of MR techniques in the management of MS, their application in everyday clinical practice is still suboptimal. This is probably related, not only, to the fact that the majority of published guidelines focused on the optimization of MR technology in clinical trials, but also to the continuing development of modern, quantitative MR-based techniques, that have not as yet entered the clinical arena. The present report summarizes the conclusions of the 'EFNS Expert Panel of Neuroimaging of MS' on the application of conventional and non-conventional MR techniques to the clinical management of patients with MS. These guidelines are intended to assist in the use of conventional MRI for the diagnosis and longitudinal monitoring of patients with MS. In addition, they should provide a foundation for the development of more widespread but rational clinical applications of non-conventional MR-based techniques in studies of MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Filippi
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Department of Neurology Scientific Institute and University Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
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Bakshi R, Mehta AK, Sharma R, Maiti S, Pasha S, Brahmachari V. Characterization of a human SWI2/SNF2 like protein hINO80: demonstration of catalytic and DNA binding activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 339:313-20. [PMID: 16298340 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.10.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2005] [Accepted: 10/27/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The proteins belonging to SWI2/SNF2 family of DNA dependent ATPases are important members of the chromatin remodeling complexes that are implicated in epigenetic control of gene expression. We have identified a human gene with a putative DNA binding domain, which belongs to the INO80 subfamily of SWI2/SNF2 proteins. Here we report the cloning, expression, and functional activity of the domains from hINO80 gene both in terms of the DNA dependent ATPase as well as DNA binding activity. A differential expression of the various domains within this gene is detected in human tissues while a ubiquitous expression is detected in mice. The intranuclear localization is demonstrated using antibodies directed against the DBINO domain of hINO80.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachit Bakshi
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
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Smith DR, Weinstock-Guttman B, Cohen JA, Wei X, Gutmann C, Bakshi R, Olek M, Stone L, Greenberg S, Stuart D, Orav J, Stuart W, Weiner H. A randomized blinded trial of combination therapy with cyclophosphamide in patients-with active multiple sclerosis on interferon beta. Mult Scler 2005; 11:573-82. [PMID: 16193896 DOI: 10.1191/1352458505ms1210oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of combination therapy with pulse cyclophosphamide given with methylprednisolone (MP) and interferon beta (IFNbeta)-Ia in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with active disease during IFNbeta monotherapy. METHODS This was a randomized, single-blind, parallel-group, multicenter trial in MS patients with a history of active disease during IFNbeta treatment. Patients were randomized to either cyclophosphamide 800 mg/m2 plus methylprednisolone 1 g IV (CY/MP) or methylprednisolone once a month for six months and then followed for an additional 18 months. All patients received three days of methylprednisolone 1 g IV at screening and 30 mcg IFNbeta-Ia IM weekly for the entire 24 months. The primary endpoint was change from baseline in the mean number of gadolinium-enhancing (Gd+) lesions. Secondary clinical endpoints included time to treatment failure. RESULTS Fifty-nine patients were randomized to treatment: 30 to CY/MP and 29 to MP Change from baseline in the number of Gd+ lesions was significantly different between treatment groups at three (P =0.01), six (P =0.04) and 12 months (P =0.02), with fewer lesions in the CY/MP group. The cumulative rate of treatment failure was significantly lower in the CY/MP group compared with the MP group (rate ratio =0.30; 95% confidence interval, 0.12-0.75; P =0.011). CY/MP treatment was well tolerated. CONCLUSION Combination therapy with CY/MP and IFNbeta-Ia decreased the number of Gd+ lesions and slowed clinical activity in patients with previously active disease on IFNbeta alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Smith
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Abstract
Temporal lobe abnormalities on brain imaging have been described as strong evidence for herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) in appropriate clinical settings. Extra temporal abnormalities are less well described in these patients. We retrospectively reviewed 20 patients of HSE and found extra temporal involvement in 11 (55%) patients. Three patients (15 %) had pure extra temporal abnormalities. Twelve patients (60%) had temporal lobe involvement, four patients (20%) had pure temporal lobe involvement and five patients (25%) had normal CT/MRI scans. Our study suggests that extra temporal involvement on brain imaging is common in HSE and in a significant minority of the patients this can even be the sole abnormality.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wasay
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
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Tjoa CW, Benedict RHB, Weinstock-Guttman B, Fabiano AJ, Bakshi R. MRI T2 hypointensity of the dentate nucleus is related to ambulatory impairment in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 2005; 234:17-24. [PMID: 15993137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2005.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2004] [Revised: 01/24/2005] [Accepted: 02/18/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES MRI T2 hypointensity in multiple sclerosis (MS) gray matter, suggesting iron deposition, is associated with physical disability, disease course, lesion load, and brain atrophy. Ambulatory dysfunction limits quality of life; however correlation with conventional MRI remains poor. METHODS Normalized intensity on T2-weighted images was obtained in the basal ganglia, thalamus, red nucleus, and dentate nucleus in 47 MS patients and 15 healthy controls. Brain T1-hypointense and FLAIR-hyperintense lesion volume, third ventricle width, brain parenchymal fraction and timed 25 foot walk (T25FW) were measured in the MS group. RESULTS T2 hypointensity was present throughout gray matter in MS vs. controls (all p<0.01). Dentate T2 hypointensity was the only MRI variable significantly correlated with T25FW (Pearson r=-0.355, p=0.007) and was also the best MRI correlate of physical disability (EDSS) score in regression modeling (r=-0.463, R(2)=0.223, p=0.004). CONCLUSIONS T2 hypointensity is present in subcortical gray matter nuclei in patients with MS vs. normal controls. Dentate nucleus T2 hypointensity is independently related to ambulatory impairment and disability, accounting for more variance than conventional lesion and atrophy measures. This study adds more weight to the notion that T2 hypointensity is a clinically relevant marker of tissue damage in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Tjoa
- Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Bakshi R, Prakash T, Dash D, Brahmachari V. In silico characterization of the INO80 subfamily of SWI2/SNF2 chromatin remodeling proteins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 320:197-204. [PMID: 15207721 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.05.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2004] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Proteins belonging to SNF2 family of DNA dependent ATPases are important members of the chromatin remodeling complexes that are implicated in epigenetic control of gene expression. The yeast Ino80, the catalytic ATPase subunit of the INO80 complex, is the most recently described member of the SNF2 family. Outside the conserved ATPase domain, it has very little similarity with other well-characterized SNF2 proteins hence it is believed to represent a new subfamily. We have identified new members of this subfamily in different organisms and have detected characteristic features of this subfamily. Using various data mining tools we have identified a new, previously undetected domain in all members of this subfamily. This domain designated DBINO is characteristic of the INO80 subfamily and is predicted to have DNA-binding function. The presence of this domain in all the INO80 subfamily proteins from different organisms suggests its conserved function in evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachit Bakshi
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
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