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Kruminis-Kaszkiel E, Osowski A, Bejer-Oleńska E, Dziekoński M, Wojtkiewicz J. Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Wharton's Jelly Towards Neural Stem Cells Using A Feasible and Repeatable Protocol. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030739. [PMID: 32192154 PMCID: PMC7140706 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) capable of regenerating to the cells of the central nervous system (CNS) is a promising strategy in the treatment of CNS diseases and injury. As previous studies have highlighted mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a source of NSCs, this study aimed to develop a feasible, efficient, and reproducible method for the neural induction of MSCs isolated from Wharton's jelly (hWJ-MSCs). We induced neural differentiation in a monolayer culture using epidermal growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, N2, and B27 supplements. This resulted in a homogenous population of proliferating cells that expressed certain neural markers at both the protein and mRNA levels. Flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry confirmed the expression of neural markers: nestin, sex-determining region Y (SRY) box 1 and 2 (SOX1 and SOX2), microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). The qRT-PCR analysis revealed significantly enhanced expression of nestin and MAP2 in differentiated cells. This study confirms that it is possible to generate NSCs-like cells from hWJ-MSCs in a 2D culture using a practical method. However, the therapeutic effectiveness of such differentiated cells should be extended to confirm the terminal differentiation ability and electrophysiological properties of neurons derived from them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Kruminis-Kaszkiel
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.O.); (E.B.-O.); (J.W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Adam Osowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.O.); (E.B.-O.); (J.W.)
| | - Ewa Bejer-Oleńska
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.O.); (E.B.-O.); (J.W.)
| | - Mariusz Dziekoński
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Joanna Wojtkiewicz
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.O.); (E.B.-O.); (J.W.)
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Synergistic Improvement in Children with Cerebral Palsy Who Underwent Double-Course Human Wharton's Jelly Stem Cell Transplantation. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:7481069. [PMID: 31636676 PMCID: PMC6766101 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7481069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Our previous studies confirmed that human Wharton's Jelly stem cell (hWJSC) transplantation improved motor function in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP). This study investigated the dose-effect relationship between the transplanted cell dosage and efficacy in CP children. Methods CP children who received one- or two-course (four or eight times lumbar puncture, 4 or 8 × 107 hWJSCs) cell therapy were recruited into this study. Assessments of motor function were performed according to scales for gross motor function measurement (GMFM) and fine motor function measurement (FMFM). The measurement data obtained in the two different groups were analyzed by t-test. Univariate repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare the data obtained at baseline and 6 or 12 months posttransplantation and met the conditions for Mauchly's sphericity test. Results The results for fifty-seven pediatric CP patients (including 35 male and 22 female patients) who completed follow-up showed that gross and fine motor functions improved after cell therapy. Interestingly, the GMFM and FMFM scores in patients who received one course of transplantation were significantly increased at 6 months after treatment. Moreover, another course of transplantation further improved gross and fine motor function in children. The scores for GMFM and FMFM were significantly higher at 6 months posttransplantation than at baseline and showed a linear upward trend. There was no gender difference in GMFM. Interestingly, there was a significant difference between male and female patients in the B and C dimensions of FMFM. These results reveal a gender-related susceptibility to stem cell therapy, especially for movement capability of the upper extremity joint and grasping ability. Similarly, in the group aged ≤3 years old, the improvement observed in dimension A (lying and rolling) of GMFM was nearly exponential and showed a quadratic trend. The results for FMFM were similar to those for GMFM. Moreover, the improvement in motor function was not age dependent. Conclusions In this study, our data collectively reveal that CP children display sex- or age-dependent responses to hWJSC therapy; these results shed light on the clinical utility of this approach in specific populations.
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Ren C, Ji YQ, Liu H, Wang Z, Wang JH, Zhang CY, Guan LN, Yin PY. Effects of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb761 on neural differentiation of stem cells offer new hope for neurological disease treatment. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:1152-1157. [PMID: 30804240 PMCID: PMC6425836 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.251191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation has brought new hope for the treatment of neurological diseases. The key to stem cell therapy lies in inducing the specific differentiation of stem cells into nerve cells. Because the differentiation of stem cells in vitro and in vivo is affected by multiple factors, the final differentiation outcome is strongly associated with the microenvironment in which the stem cells are located. Accordingly, the optimal microenvironment for inducing stem cell differentiation is a hot topic. EGb761 is extracted from the leaves of the Ginkgo biloba tree. It is used worldwide and is becoming one of the focuses of stem cell research. Studies have shown that EGb761 can antagonize oxygen free radicals, stabilize cell membranes, promote neurogenesis and synaptogenesis, increase the level of brain-derived neurotrophic factors, and replicate the environment required during the differentiation of stem cells into nerve cells. This offers the possibility of using EGb761 to induce the differentiation of stem cells, facilitating stem cell transplantation. To provide a comprehensive reference for the future application of EGb761 in stem cell therapy, we reviewed studies investigating the influence of EGb761 on stem cells. These started with the composition and neuropharmacology of EGb761, and eventually led to the finding that EGb761 and some of its important components play important roles in the differentiation of stem cells and the protection of a beneficial microenvironment for stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ren
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Ji
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jia-Hui Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Cai-Yi Zhang
- Department of Emergency and Rescue Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li-Na Guan
- Department of Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit, the Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Pei-Yuan Yin
- Department of Blood Supply, Yantai Center Blood Station, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
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Ren C, Yin P, Ren N, Wang Z, Wang J, Zhang C, Ge W, Geng D, Wang X. Cerebrospinal fluid-stem cell interactions may pave the path for cell-based therapy in neurological diseases. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018. [PMID: 29523182 PMCID: PMC5845187 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0807-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that the regulation of endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) or transplanting of exogenous nerve cells are the newest and most promising methods for the treatment of dementia and other neurological diseases. The special location and limited number of endogenous NSCs, however, restrict their clinical application. The success in directional differentiation of exogenous stem cells from other tissue sources into neural cells has provided a novel source for NSCs. Study on the relative mechanisms is still at the preliminary stage. Currently the induction methods include: 1) cell growth factor induction; 2) chemical induction; 3) combined growth factor-chemical induction; or 4) other induction methods such as traumatic brain tissue homogenate, gene transfection, traditional Chinese medicine, and coculture induction. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), as a natural medium under physiological conditions, contains a variety of progrowth peptide factors that can promote the proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) into neural cells through the corresponding receptors on the cell surface. This suggests that CSF can not only nourish the nerve cells, but also become an effective and suitable inducer to increase the yield of NSCs. However, some other studies believed that CSF contained certain inhibitory components against the differentiation of primary stem cells into mature neural cells. Based on the above background, here we review the relative literature on the influence of the CSF on stem cells in order to provide a more comprehensive reference for the wide clinical application of NSCs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ren
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Peiyuan Yin
- Department of Blood Supply, Yantai Center Blood Station, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Neng Ren
- Department of Inervention Therapy, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Jiahui Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Caiyi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Wei Ge
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China.
| | - Deqin Geng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China.
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China.
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Sarmah D, Kaur H, Saraf J, Pravalika K, Goswami A, Kalia K, Borah A, Wang X, Dave KR, Yavagal DR, Bhattacharya P. Getting Closer to an Effective Intervention of Ischemic Stroke: The Big Promise of Stem Cell. Transl Stroke Res 2017; 9:356-374. [PMID: 29075984 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-017-0580-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy for ischemic stroke has widely been explored. Results from both preclinical and clinical studies have immensely supported the judicious use of stem cells as therapy. These provide an attractive means for preserving and replacing the damaged brain tissues following an ischemic attack. Since the past few years, researchers have used various types of stem cells to replenish insulted neuronal and glial cells in neurological disorders. In the present review, we discuss different types of stem cells employed for the treatment of ischemic stroke and mechanisms and challenges these cells face once introduced into the living system. Further, we also present different ways to maneuver and overcome challenges to translate the advances made at the preclinical level to clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepaneeta Sarmah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Jackson Saraf
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Kanta Pravalika
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Avirag Goswami
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kiran Kalia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Anupom Borah
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kunjan R Dave
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Dileep R Yavagal
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Tang BL. The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) therapy – a perspective on cell biological mechanisms. Rev Neurosci 2017; 28:725-738. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2017-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AbstractRecent clinical trials of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation have demonstrated procedural safety and clinical proof of principle with a modest indication of benefit in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). While replacement therapy remained unrealistic, the clinical efficacy of this therapeutic option could be potentially enhanced if we could better decipher the mechanisms underlying some of the beneficial effects of transplanted cells, and work toward augmenting or combining these in a strategic manner. Novel ways whereby MSCs could act in modifying disease progression should also be explored. In this review, I discuss the known, emerging and postulated mechanisms of action underlying effects that transplanted MSCs may exert to promote motor neuron survival and/or to encourage regeneration in ALS. I shall also speculate on how transplanted cells may alter the diseased environment so as to minimize non-neuron cell autonomous damages by immune cells and astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor Luen Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
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Garbuzova-Davis S, Ehrhart J, Sanberg PR. Cord blood as a potential therapeutic for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2017; 17:837-851. [DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2017.1323862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Svitlana Garbuzova-Davis
- Center of Excellence for Aging & Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jared Ehrhart
- Center of Excellence for Aging & Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Paul R. Sanberg
- Center of Excellence for Aging & Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
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Jin W, Xu YP, Yang AH, Xing YQ. In vitro induction and differentiation of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells into neuron-like cells by all-trans retinoic acid. Int J Ophthalmol 2015; 8:250-6. [PMID: 25938036 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2015.02.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine the optimal concentration for inducing the differentiation of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) into neuron-like cells, although it is understood that all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) regulates cell proliferation in the nervous system by modulating the balance between mitosis and apoptosis. METHODS The abilities of ATRA to promote apoptosis as well as neural differentiation were assessed in cultured hUC-MSCs by morphological observation, MTT assay, annexin V-FITC/PI flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry. RESULTS The data showed that low concentrations of ATRA (0.5 µmol, 0.25 µmol) had no effect on the number of cells. However, treatment with 1.0 µmol or 2.0 µmol ATRA induced a 24.16% and 52.67% reduction in cell number, respectively, compared with vehicle-treated cultures. Further, 4.0 µmol ATRA had a potent effect on cell number, with almost no adherent cells recovered after 24h. We further showed that 0.5 µmol ATRA caused these cells to express characteristic markers of neuronal progenitor cells. CONCLUSION Taken together, we conclude that ATRA has a dose-dependent influence on the neural differentiation and apoptosis of hUC-MSCs. These findings have implications on the use of ATRA-differentiated hUC-MSCs for the study of neural degeneration diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jin
- Eye Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yao-Peng Xu
- Department of Urology, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan 430072, Hubei Province, China
| | - An-Huai Yang
- Eye Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yi-Qiao Xing
- Eye Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
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Ge W, Ren C, Duan X, Geng D, Zhang C, Liu X, Chen H, Wan M, Geng R. Differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into neural stem cells using cerebrospinal fluid. Cell Biochem Biophys 2015; 71:449-55. [PMID: 25217067 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-0222-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Optimization of a methodology for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiation into neural stem cells (NSCs) using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). MSCs were extracted from umbilical cord blood from healthy, full-term, newborn infants and from the bone marrow of patients. CSF was taken from healthy adult volunteers and patients. Four groups investigated were: A (n = 8) cord blood MSC induced with healthy volunteer CSF (control group); B (n = 7): patient MSCs induced with health volunteer CSF; Group C (n = 12): patient MSCs induced with their own CSF; group D (n = 6): cord blood MSCs induced with patient CSF. Following induction, cell differentiation state was examined using microscopy, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry. There were significantly more clinically applicable MSCs in Groups B and C than groups A and D (P < 0.05) and Group B had significantly more clinically applicable MSCs than group C (P < 0.05). The presence of NSCs was as with the MSCs. Group B had significantly more clinically applicable NSCs than all of the other groups. In addition, group B cells grew significantly faster than the other groups (P < 0.05). Upon CSF induction, MSCs differentiated into NSCs suitable for clinical treatment. The source of the MSCs and/or CSF influenced the number of NSCs produced and the NSC growth rate. Thus, the source of MSCs and CSF should be considered before initiating a stem cell clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ge
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, 99 Huaihai Road West, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China,
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Lee HS, Kim KS, Lim HS, Choi M, Kim HK, Ahn HY, Shin JC, Joe YA. Priming Wharton's Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells With ROCK Inhibitor Improves Recovery in an Intracerebral Hemorrhage Model. J Cell Biochem 2014; 116:310-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Sun Lee
- Cancer Research Institute and Department of Medical Life Sciences; College of Medicine; The Catholic University of Korea; Seoul 137-701 Korea
| | - Kwang S. Kim
- Cancer Research Institute and Department of Medical Life Sciences; College of Medicine; The Catholic University of Korea; Seoul 137-701 Korea
| | - Hee-Suk Lim
- Cancer Research Institute and Department of Medical Life Sciences; College of Medicine; The Catholic University of Korea; Seoul 137-701 Korea
| | - Moran Choi
- Cancer Research Institute and Department of Medical Life Sciences; College of Medicine; The Catholic University of Korea; Seoul 137-701 Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyung Kim
- Cancer Research Institute and Department of Medical Life Sciences; College of Medicine; The Catholic University of Korea; Seoul 137-701 Korea
| | - Hyun-Young Ahn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; College of Medicine; The Catholic University of Korea; Seoul 137-701 Korea
| | - Jong-Chul Shin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; College of Medicine; The Catholic University of Korea; Seoul 137-701 Korea
| | - Young Ae Joe
- Cancer Research Institute and Department of Medical Life Sciences; College of Medicine; The Catholic University of Korea; Seoul 137-701 Korea
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Qiao LY, Huang FJ, Zhao M, Xie JH, Shi J, Wang J, Lin XZ, Zuo H, Wang YL, Geng TC. A two-year follow-up study of cotransplantation with neural stem/progenitor cells and mesenchymal stromal cells in ischemic stroke patients. Cell Transplant 2014; 23 Suppl 1:S65-72. [PMID: 25333752 DOI: 10.3727/096368914x684961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy is an emerging therapeutic modality in the treatment of stroke. We assessed the safety and feasibility of the cotransplantation of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in patients with ischemic stroke. Eight patients were enrolled in this study. All patients had a hemisphere with infarct lesions located on one side of the territories of the cerebral middle or anterior arteries as revealed with cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The patients received one of the following two types of treatment: the first treatment involved four intravenous injections of MSCs at 0.5 × 10(6)/kg body weight; the second treatment involved one intravenous injection of MSCs at 0.5 × 10(6)/kg weight followed by three injections of MSCs at 5 × 10(6)/patient and NSPCs at 6 × 10(6)/patient through the cerebellomedullary cistern. The patients' clinical statuses were evaluated with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), and the Barthel index (BI). Six patients were given four cell transplantations. The most common side effect of stem cell transplantation in these six cases was low fever that usually lasted 2-4 days after each therapy. One patient exhibited minor dizziness. All side effects appeared within the first 2-24 h of cell transplantation, and they resolved without special treatment. There was no evidence of neurological deterioration or neurological infection. Most importantly, no tumorigenesis was found at a 2-year follow-up. The neurological functions, disability levels, and daily living abilities of the patients in this study were improved. While these observations support the use of the combination transplantation of NSPCs and MSCs as a safe and feasible method of improving neurological function, further studies that include larger samples, longer follow-ups, and control groups are still needed. This manuscript is published as part of the International Association of Neurorestoratology (IANR) special issue of Cell Transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-yan Qiao
- Department of Neurology, Yuquan Hospital of Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Taran R, Mamidi MK, Singh G, Dutta S, Parhar IS, John JP, Bhonde R, Pal R, Das AK. In vitro and in vivo neurogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from different sources. J Biosci 2014; 39:157-69. [PMID: 24499800 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-013-9409-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine is an evolving interdisciplinary topic of research involving numerous technological methods that utilize stem cells to repair damaged tissues. Particularly, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a great tool in regenerative medicine because of their lack of tumorogenicity, immunogenicity and ability to perform immunomodulatory as well as anti-inflammatory functions. Numerous studies have investigated the role of MSCs in tissue repair and modulation of allogeneic immune responses. MSCs derived from different sources hold unique regenerative potential as they are self-renewing and can differentiate into chondrocytes, osteoblasts, adipocytes, cardiomyocytes, hepatocytes, endothelial and neuronal cells, among which neuronal-like cells have gained special interest. MSCs also have the ability to secrete multiple bioactive molecules capable of stimulating recovery of injured cells and inhibiting inflammation. In this review we focus on neural differentiation potential of MSCs isolated from different sources and how certain growth factors/small molecules can be used to derive neuronal phenotypes from MSCs. We also discuss the efficacy of MSCs when transplanted in vivo and how they can generate certain neurons and lead to relief or recovery of the diseased condition. Furthermore, we have tried to evaluate the appropriatemerits of different sources ofMSCs with respect to their propensity towards neurological differentiation as well as their effectiveness in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramyani Taran
- Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal University Branch Campus, Bangalore, India
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Li H, Chen Z, Zhou S. Apoptosis in glioma-bearing rats after neural stem cell transplantation. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:1793-802. [PMID: 25206476 PMCID: PMC4145955 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.19.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal activation of the Ras/Raf/Mek/Erk signaling cascade plays an important role in glioma. Inhibition of this aberrant activity could effectively hinder glioma cell proliferation and promote cell apoptosis. To investigate the mechanism of glioblastoma treatment by neural stem cell transplantation with respect to the Ras/Raf/Mek/Erk pathway, C6 glioma cells were prepared in suspension and then infused into the rat brain to establish a glioblastoma model. Neural stem cells isolated from fetal rats were then injected into the brain of this glioblastoma model. Results showed that Raf-1, Erk and Bcl-2 protein expression significantly increased, while Caspase-3 protein expression decreased. After transplantation of neural stem cells, Raf-1, Erk and Bcl-2 protein expression significantly decreased, while Caspase-3 protein expression significantly increased. Our findings indicate that transplantation of neural stem cells may promote apoptosis of glioma cells by inhibiting Ras/Raf/Mek/Erk signaling, and thus may represent a novel treatment approach for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Li
- Department of Neurology, the 476 Hospital of Chinese PLA, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zhenjun Chen
- Department of Neurology, the 476 Hospital of Chinese PLA, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shaopeng Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong Province, China
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Han C, Song L, Liu Y, Zou W, Jiang C, Liu J. Rat cortex and hippocampus-derived soluble factors for the induction of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells into neuron-like cells. Cell Biol Int 2014; 38:768-76. [PMID: 24500988 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Han
- Regenerative Medicine Centre; First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian 116011 P.R. China
- Institute of Integrative Medicine; Dalian Medical University; Dalian 116011 P.R. China
| | - Lin Song
- Regenerative Medicine Centre; First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian 116011 P.R. China
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Regenerative Medicine Centre; First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian 116011 P.R. China
- Institute of Integrative Medicine; Dalian Medical University; Dalian 116011 P.R. China
| | - Wei Zou
- College of Life Science; Liaoning Normal University; Dalian 116029 P.R. China
| | - Chen Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian 116011 P.R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- Regenerative Medicine Centre; First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian 116011 P.R. China
- Institute of Integrative Medicine; Dalian Medical University; Dalian 116011 P.R. China
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15
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Lim HS, Joe YA. A ROCK Inhibitor Blocks the Inhibitory Effect of Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan on Morphological Changes of Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells into Neuron-Like Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2014; 21:447-53. [PMID: 24404335 PMCID: PMC3879916 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2013.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) inhibits neurite outgrowth of various neuronal cell types, and CSPG-associated inhibition of neurite outgrowth is mediated by the Rho/ROCK pathway. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have the potential to differentiate into neuron-like cells under specific conditions and have been shown to differentiate into neuron-like cells by co-treatment with the ROCK inhibitor Y27632 and the hypoxia condition mimicking agent CoCl2. In this study, we addressed the hypothesis that a ROCK inhibitor might be beneficial to regenerate neurons during stem cell therapy by preventing transplanted MSCs from inhibition by CSPG in damaged tissues. Indeed, dose-dependent inhibition by CSPG pretreatment was observed during morphological changes of Wharton's jelly-derived MSCs (WJ-MSCs) induced by Y27632 alone. The formation of neurite-like structures was significantly inhibited when WJ-MSCs were pre-treated with CSPG before induction under Y27632 plus CoCl2 conditions, and pretreatment with a protein kinase C inhibitor reversed such inhibition. However, CSPG treatment resulted in no significant inhibition of the WJ-MSC morphological changes into neuron-like cells after initiating induction by Y27632 plus CoCl2. No marked changes were detected in expression levels of neuronal markers induced by Y27632 plus CoCl2 upon CSPG treatment. CSPG also blocked the morphological changes of human bone marrow-derived MSCs into neuron-like cells under other neuronal induction condition without the ROCK inhibitor, and Y27632 pre-treatment blocked the inhibitory effect of CSPG. These results suggest that a ROCK inhibitor can be efficiently used in stem cell therapy for neuronal induction by avoiding hindrance from CSPG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Suk Lim
- Cancer Research Institute and Department of Medical Lifescience, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137- 701, Korea
| | - Young Ae Joe
- Cancer Research Institute and Department of Medical Lifescience, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137- 701, Korea
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16
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Yang JD, Cheng-Huang, Wang JC, Feng XM, Li YN, Xiao HX. The isolation and cultivation of bone marrow stem cells and evaluation of differences for neural-like cells differentiation under the induction with neurotrophic factors. Cytotechnology 2014; 66:1007-19. [PMID: 24379142 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-013-9654-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow represents the most common source from which to isolate mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). They can be obtained directly from patients and successfully induced to form various differentiated cell types. In addition, cell-based transplantation therapies have been proven to be promising strategies for curing disease of the nerve system. Therefore, it was particularly important to establish an easy and feasible method for the isolation, purification, and differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize putative bone marrow derived MSCs from Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Furthermore, differentiation effects were compared between the GDNF-induction group and the BDNF-induction group. Of these, BMSCs were isolated from the SD rats in a traditional manner, and identified based on plastic adherence, morphology, and surface phenotype assays. After induction with GDNF and BDNF, viability of BMSCs was detected by MTT assay and neuronal differentiation of BMSCs was confirmed by using immunofluorescence and Western blotting. Besides, the number of BMSCs that obviously exhibited neuronal morphology was counted and the results were compared between the GDNF-induction group and BDNF-induction groups. Our results indicate that direct adherence was a simple and convenient method for isolation and cultivation of BMSCs. Furthermore, BMSCs can be induced in vitro to differentiate into neuronal cells by using GDNF, which could achieve a more persistent and stable inducing effect than when using BDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Dong Yang
- Department of spine surgery, The clinical medicine college of Yangzhou University, Nantong west road no.98, Yangzhou, Jiangsu province, china
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17
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Kanno H. Regenerative therapy for neuronal diseases with transplantation of somatic stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2013; 5:163-171. [PMID: 24179604 PMCID: PMC3812520 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v5.i4.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells, which are capable of differentiating in various species of cells, are hoped to be donor cells in transplantation in regenerative medicine. Embryonic stem (ES) cells and induced pluripotent stem cells have the potential to differentiate in approximately all species of cells. However, the proliferating ability of these cells is high and the cancer formation ability is also recognized. In addition, ethical problems exist in using ES cells. Somatic stem cells with the ability to differentiate in various species of cells have been used as donor cells for neuronal diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinal cord injury, Alzheimer disease, cerebral infarction and congenital neuronal diseases. Human mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue, dermal tissue, umbilical cord blood and placenta are usually used for intractable neuronal diseases as somatic stem cells, while neural progenitor/stem cells and retinal progenitor/stem cells are used for a few congenital neuronal diseases and retinal degenerative disease, respectively. However, non-treated somatic stem cells seldom differentiate to neural cells in recipient neural tissue. Therefore, the contribution to neuronal regeneration using non-treated somatic stem cells has been poor and various differential trials, such as the addition of neurotrophic factors, gene transfer, peptide transfer for neuronal differentiation of somatic stem cells, have been performed. Here, the recent progress of regenerative therapies using various somatic stem cells is described.
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An Observational Study of Autologous Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells Transplantation in Seven Patients with Nervous System Diseases: A 2-Year Follow-Up. Cell Biochem Biophys 2013; 69:179-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-013-9756-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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19
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Chen Y, Yu B, Xue G, Zhao J, Li RK, Liu Z, Niu B. Effects of Storage Solutions on the Viability of Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Transplantation. Cell Transplant 2013; 22:1075-86. [DOI: 10.3727/096368912x657602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell (UC-MSC) transplantation has shown promise for the treatment of various diseases. For clinical applications, UC-MSCs have been stored in 0.9% saline, 5% dextrose, dextrose and sodium chloride injection, Plasma-Lyte A, 1% human serum albumin (1% HSA), or 5% HSA before administration, but the effect of storage conditions on the viability and biological function of the cells remains unknown. Freshly harvested UC-MSCs were resuspended and incubated in these solutions for 2, 4, or 6 h at 4°C or room temperature (24°C). Cell viability, apoptotic/necrotic fraction, poststorage growth potential, immunophenotype, immunosuppressive capacity, and differentiation capacity were analyzed. When stored in parenteral solutions, UC-MSCs showed progressive deterioration in survival viability and adhesion ability. After 6-h storage, the best viability and attachment rate of UC-MSCs decreased to 83.0 ± 1.6% and 71.8 ± 3.2%, respectively. Our results suggested that UC-MSCs in these conditions lose their viability in a short time. However, it seems that the other biological functions of the surviving UC-MSCs were little affected. Since UC-MSCs suspended in these mediums lose their survival viability in a short time to levels significantly below the permissible limits (70%) by FDA, precautions need to be taken on using these solutions as suspension medium and further studies on the optimal methods for preservation are urgent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Baofeng Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Guofang Xue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ren-Ke Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhuola Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Bo Niu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
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20
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Silvestroff L, Franco P, Pasquini J. Neural and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells: transferrin effects on cell proliferation. ASN Neuro 2013; 5:e00107. [PMID: 23368675 PMCID: PMC3592559 DOI: 10.1042/an20120075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
NSC (neural stem cells)/NPC (neural progenitor cells) are multipotent and self-renew throughout adulthood in the SVZ (subventricular zone) of the mammalian CNS (central nervous system). These cells are considered interesting targets for CNS neurodegenerative disorder cell therapies, and understanding their behaviour in vitro is crucial if they are to be cultured prior to transplantation. We cultured the SVZ tissue belonging to newborn rats under the form of NS (neurospheres) to evaluate the effects of Tf (transferrin) on cell proliferation. The NS were heterogeneous in terms of the NSC/NPC markers GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein), Nestin and Sox2 and the OL (oligodendrocyte) progenitor markers NG2 (nerve/glia antigen 2) and PDGFRα (platelet-derived growth factor receptor α). The results of this study indicate that aTf (apoTransferrin) is able to increase cell proliferation of SVZ-derived cells in vitro, and that these effects were mediated at least in part by the TfRc1 (Tf receptor 1). Since OPCs (oligodendrocyte progenitor cells) represent a significant proportion of the proliferating cells in the SVZ-derived primary cultures, we used the immature OL cell line N20.1 to show that Tf was able to augment the proliferation rate of OPC, either by adding aTf to the culture medium or by overexpressing rat Tf in situ. The culture medium supplemented with ferric iron, together with aTf, increased the DNA content, while ferrous iron did not. The present work provides data that could have a potential application in human cell replacement therapies for neurodegenerative disease and/or CNS injury that require the use of in vitro amplified NPCs.
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Key Words
- nerve/glia antigen 2 (ng2)
- oligodendrocyte
- platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (pdgfrα)
- progenitor
- proliferation
- transferrin
- atf, apotransferrin
- bfgf, basic fibroblast growth factor
- brdu, bromodeoxyuridine
- cns, central nervous system
- csf, cerebrospinal fluid
- dmem, dulbecco’s modified eagle’s medium
- egf, epidermal growth factor
- fcs, fetal calf serum
- gfap, glial fibrillary acidic protein
- icc, immunocytochemistry
- ng2, nerve/glia antigen 2
- npc, neural progenitor cell
- ns, neurosphere
- nsc, neural stem cell
- ol, oligodendrocyte
- opc, oligodendrocyte progenitor cell
- os, oligosphere
- pdgfrα, platelet-derived growth factor receptor α
- pexptf, pexpresstf
- pfa, paraformaldehyde
- po, polyornithine
- rt–pcr, reverse transcription–pcr
- svz, subventricular zone
- tf, transferrin
- tfrc, tf receptor
- tf-tr, texas red-labelled tf
- wb, western blotting
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Silvestroff
- Cátedra de Química Biológica Patológica, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica (FFyB), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Gabriela Franco
- Cátedra de Química Biológica Patológica, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica (FFyB), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juana María Pasquini
- Cátedra de Química Biológica Patológica, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica (FFyB), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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21
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Liu J, Chen J, Liu B, Yang C, Xie D, Zheng X, Xu S, Chen T, Wang L, Zhang Z, Bai X, Jin D. Acellular spinal cord scaffold seeded with mesenchymal stem cells promotes long-distance axon regeneration and functional recovery in spinal cord injured rats. J Neurol Sci 2013; 325:127-36. [PMID: 23317924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2012.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2012] [Revised: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The stem cell-based experimental therapies are partially successful for the recovery of spinal cord injury (SCI). Recently, acellular spinal cord (ASC) scaffolds which mimic native extracellular matrix (ECM) have been successfully prepared. This study aimed at investigating whether the spinal cord lesion gap could be bridged by implantation of bionic-designed ASC scaffold alone and seeded with human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs) respectively, and their effects on functional improvement. A laterally hemisected SCI lesion was performed in adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (n=36) and ASC scaffolds seeded with or without hUCB-MSCs were implanted into the lesion immediately. All rats were behaviorally tested using the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) test once a week for 8weeks. Behavioral analysis showed that there was significant locomotor recovery improvement in combined treatment group (ASC scaffold and ASC scaffold+hUCB-MSCs) as compared with the SCI only group (p<0.01). 5-Bromodeoxyuridine (Brdu)-labeled hUCB-MSCs could also be observed in the implanted ACS scaffold two weeks after implantation. Moreover, host neural cells (mainly oligodendrocytes) were able to migrate into the graft. Biotin-dextran-amine (BDA) tracing test demonstrated that myelinated axons successfully grew into the graft and subsequently promoted axonal regeneration at lesion sites. This study provides evidence for the first time that ASC scaffold seeded with hUCB-MSCs is able to bridge a spinal cord cavity and promote long-distance axon regeneration and functional recovery in SCI rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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22
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The effects of fetal allogeneic umbilical cord tissue transplant following experimental spinal cord injury on urinary bladder morphology. Neurol Neurochir Pol 2013; 47:138-44. [DOI: 10.5114/ninp.2013.33824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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23
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Calatrava-Ferreras L, Gonzalo-Gobernado R, Herranz AS, Reimers D, Montero Vega T, Jiménez-Escrig A, Richart López LA, Bazán E. Effects of intravenous administration of human umbilical cord blood stem cells in 3-acetylpyridine-lesioned rats. Stem Cells Int 2012; 2012:135187. [PMID: 23150735 PMCID: PMC3488418 DOI: 10.1155/2012/135187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebellar ataxias include a heterogeneous group of infrequent diseases characterized by lack of motor coordination caused by disturbances in the cerebellum and its associated circuits. Current therapies are based on the use of drugs that correct some of the molecular processes involved in their pathogenesis. Although these treatments yielded promising results, there is not yet an effective therapy for these diseases. Cell replacement strategies using human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (HuUCBMCs) have emerged as a promising approach for restoration of function in neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this work was to investigate the potential therapeutic activity of HuUCBMCs in the 3-acetylpyridine (3-AP) rat model of cerebellar ataxia. Intravenous administered HuUCBMCs reached the cerebellum and brain stem of 3-AP ataxic rats. Grafted cells reduced 3-AP-induced neuronal loss promoted the activation of microglia in the brain stem, and prevented the overexpression of GFAP elicited by 3-AP in the cerebellum. In addition, HuUCBMCs upregulated the expression of proteins that are critical for cell survival, such as phospho-Akt and Bcl-2, in the cerebellum and brain stem of 3-AP ataxic rats. As all these effects were accompanied by a temporal but significant improvement in motor coordination, HuUCBMCs grafts can be considered as an effective cell replacement therapy for cerebellar disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Calatrava-Ferreras
- Servicio de Neurobiología, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Gonzalo-Gobernado
- Servicio de Neurobiología, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio S. Herranz
- Servicio de Neurobiología, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana Reimers
- Servicio de Neurobiología, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Montero Vega
- Servicio de Bioquímica, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Eulalia Bazán
- Servicio de Neurobiología, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Neurobiología-Investigación, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Carretera de Colmenar Km. 9, 1, 28034 Madrid, Spain
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Bae SH, Kong TH, Lee HS, Kim KS, Hong KS, Chopp M, Kang MS, Moon J. Long-lasting paracrine effects of human cord blood cells on damaged neocortex in an animal model of cerebral palsy. Cell Transplant 2012; 21:2497-515. [PMID: 22524897 DOI: 10.3727/096368912x640457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal asphyxia is an important contributor to cerebral palsy (CP), for which there is no effective treatment to date. The administration of human cord blood cells (hUCBCs) is emerging as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of neurological disorders. However, there are few studies on the application of hUCBCs to the treatment of neonatal ischemia as a model of CP. Experiments and behavioral tests (mainly motor tests) performed on neonatal hypoxia/ischemia have been limited to short-term effects of hUCBCs, but mechanisms of action have not been investigated. We performed a study on the use of hUCBCs in a rat model of neonatal hypoxia/ischemia and investigated the underlying mechanism for therapeutic benefits of hUCBC treatment. hUCBCs were intravenously transplanted into a rat model of neonatal hypoxia ischemia. hUCBCs increased microglia temporarily in the periventricular striatum in the early phase of disease, protected mature neurons in the neocortex from injury, paved the way for the near-normalization of brain damage in the subventricular zone (SVZ), and, in consequence, significantly improved performance in a battery of behavioral tests compared to the vehicle-treated group. Although the transplanted cells were rarely observed in the brain 3 weeks after transplantation, the effects of the improved behavioral functions persisted. Our preclinical findings suggest that the long-lasting positive influence of hUCBCs is derived from paracrine effects of hUCBCs that stimulate recovery in the injured brain and protect against further brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hun Bae
- College of Life Science, Department of Applied Bioscience, CHA University, Seoul, South Korea
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Titomanlio L, Kavelaars A, Dalous J, Mani S, El Ghouzzi V, Heijnen C, Baud O, Gressens P. Stem cell therapy for neonatal brain injury: perspectives and challenges. Ann Neurol 2012; 70:698-712. [PMID: 22162055 DOI: 10.1002/ana.22518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral palsy is a major health problem caused by brain damage during pregnancy, delivery, or the immediate postnatal period. Perinatal stroke, intraventricular hemorrhage, and asphyxia are the most common causes of neonatal brain damage. Periventricular white matter damage (periventricular leukomalacia) is the predominant form in premature infants and the most common antecedent of cerebral palsy. Stem cell treatment has proven effective in restoring injured organs and tissues in animal models. The potential of stem cells for self-renewal and differentiation translates into substantial neuroprotection and neuroregeneration in the animal brain, with minimal risks of rejection and side effects. Stem cell treatments described to date have used neural stem cells, embryonic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, umbilical cord stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells. Most of these treatments are still experimental. In this review, we focus on the efficacy of stem cell therapy in animal models of cerebral palsy, and discuss potential implications for current and future clinical trials.
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26
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Devarajan K, Staecker H, Detamore MS. A review of gene delivery and stem cell based therapies for regenerating inner ear hair cells. J Funct Biomater 2011; 2:249-70. [PMID: 24956306 PMCID: PMC4030941 DOI: 10.3390/jfb2030249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Revised: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory neural hearing loss and vestibular dysfunction have become the most common forms of sensory defects, affecting millions of people worldwide. Developing effective therapies to restore hearing loss is challenging, owing to the limited regenerative capacity of the inner ear hair cells. With recent advances in understanding the developmental biology of mammalian and non-mammalian hair cells a variety of strategies have emerged to restore lost hair cells are being developed. Two predominant strategies have developed to restore hair cells: transfer of genes responsible for hair cell genesis and replacement of missing cells via transfer of stem cells. In this review article, we evaluate the use of several genes involved in hair cell regeneration, the advantages and disadvantages of the different viral vectors employed in inner ear gene delivery and the insights gained from the use of embryonic, adult and induced pluripotent stem cells in generating inner ear hair cells. Understanding the role of genes, vectors and stem cells in therapeutic strategies led us to explore potential solutions to overcome the limitations associated with their use in hair cell regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hinrich Staecker
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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27
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Ye Y, Zeng YM, Wan MR, Lu XF. Induction of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells differentiation into neural-like cells using cerebrospinal fluid. Cell Biochem Biophys 2011; 59:179-84. [PMID: 21210249 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-010-9130-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To optimize a technique that induces bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to differentiation into neural-like cells, using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the patient. In vitro, CSF (Group A) and the cell growth factors EGF and bFGF (Group B) were used to induce BMSCs to differentiate into neural-like cells. Post-induction, presence of neural-like cells was confirmed through the use of light and immunofluorescence microscopy. BMSCs can be induced to differentiate into neural-like cells. The presence of neural-like cells was confirmed via morphological characteristics, phenotype, and biological properties. Induction using CSF can shorten the production time of neural-like cells and the quantity is significantly higher than that obtained by induction with growth factor (P < 0.01). The two induction methods can induce BMSCs to differentiate into neural-like cells. Using CSF induction, 30 ml bone marrow can produce a sufficient number of neural-like cells that totally meet the requirements for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, the first Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
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28
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Arien-Zakay H, Lecht S, Nagler A, Lazarovici P. Human umbilical cord blood stem cells: rational for use as a neuroprotectant in ischemic brain disease. Int J Mol Sci 2010; 11:3513-28. [PMID: 20957109 PMCID: PMC2956109 DOI: 10.3390/ijms11093513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2010] [Revised: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of stem cells for reparative medicine was first proposed more than three decades ago. Hematopoietic stem cells from bone marrow, peripheral blood and human umbilical cord blood (CB) have gained major use for treatment of hematological indications. CB, however, is also a source of cells capable of differentiating into various non-hematopoietic cell types, including neural cells. Several animal model reports have shown that CB cells may be used for treatment of neurological injuries. This review summarizes the information available on the origin of CB-derived neuronal cells and the mechanisms proposed to explain their action. The potential use of stem/progenitor cells for treatment of ischemic brain injuries is discussed. Issues that remain to be resolved at the present stage of preclinical trials are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadar Arien-Zakay
- The School of Pharmacy Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel; E-Mails: (H.A.-Z.); (S.L.)
- Division of Hematology and Cord Blood Bank, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; E-Mail: (A.N.)
| | - Shimon Lecht
- The School of Pharmacy Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel; E-Mails: (H.A.-Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Arnon Nagler
- Division of Hematology and Cord Blood Bank, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; E-Mail: (A.N.)
| | - Philip Lazarovici
- The School of Pharmacy Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel; E-Mails: (H.A.-Z.); (S.L.)
- * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: E-Mail: ; Tel.: 972-2-6758-729; Fax: 972-2-6757-490
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Huang H, Chen L, Sanberg P. Cell Therapy From Bench to Bedside Translation in CNS Neurorestoratology Era. CELL MEDICINE 2010; 1:15-46. [PMID: 21359168 DOI: 10.3727/215517910x516673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in cell biology, neural injury and repair, and the progress towards development of neurorestorative interventions are the basis for increased optimism. Based on the complexity of the processes of demyelination and remyelination, degeneration and regeneration, damage and repair, functional loss and recovery, it would be expected that effective therapeutic approaches will require a combination of strategies encompassing neuroplasticity, immunomodulation, neuroprotection, neurorepair, neuroreplacement, and neuromodulation. Cell-based restorative treatment has become a new trend, and increasing data worldwide have strongly proven that it has a pivotal therapeutic value in CNS disease. Moreover, functional neurorestoration has been achieved to a certain extent in the CNS clinically. Up to now, the cells successfully used in preclinical experiments and/or clinical trial/treatment include fetal/embryonic brain and spinal cord tissue, stem cells (embryonic stem cells, neural stem/progenitor cells, hematopoietic stem cells, adipose-derived adult stem/precursor cells, skin-derived precursor, induced pluripotent stem cells), glial cells (Schwann cells, oligodendrocyte, olfactory ensheathing cells, astrocytes, microglia, tanycytes), neuronal cells (various phenotypic neurons and Purkinje cells), mesenchymal stromal cells originating from bone marrow, umbilical cord, and umbilical cord blood, epithelial cells derived from the layer of retina and amnion, menstrual blood-derived stem cells, Sertoli cells, and active macrophages, etc. Proof-of-concept indicates that we have now entered a new era in neurorestoratology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyun Huang
- Center for Neurorestoratology, Beijing Rehabilitation Center, Beijing, P.R. China
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Lavdas AA, Matsas R. Towards personalized cell-replacement therapies for brain repair. Per Med 2009; 6:293-313. [DOI: 10.2217/pme.09.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The inability of the CNS to efficiently repair damage caused by trauma and neurodegenerative or demyelinating diseases has underlined the necessity for developing novel therapeutic strategies. Cell transplantation to replace lost neurons and the grafting of myelinating cells to repair demyelinating lesions are promising approaches for treating CNS injuries and demyelination. In this review, we will address the prospects of using stem cells or myelinating glial cells of the PNS, as well as olfactory ensheathing cells, in cell-replacement therapies. The recent generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from adult somatic cells by introduction of three or four genes controlling ‘stemness’ and their subsequent differentiation to desired phenotypes, constitutes a significant advancement towards personalized cell-replacement therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros A Lavdas
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vassilissis Sofias Avenue, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Rebecca Matsas
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vassilissis Sofias Avenue, 11521 Athens, Greece
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Crook JM, Kobayashi NR. Human stem cells for modeling neurological disorders: Accelerating the drug discovery pipeline. J Cell Biochem 2008; 105:1361-6. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Arien-Zakay H, Lecht S, Bercu MM, Tabakman R, Kohen R, Galski H, Nagler A, Lazarovici P. Neuroprotection by cord blood neural progenitors involves antioxidants, neurotrophic and angiogenic factors. Exp Neurol 2008; 216:83-94. [PMID: 19070617 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2008.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2008] [Revised: 11/06/2008] [Accepted: 11/14/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Human umbilical cord blood (HUCB) is a valuable source for cell therapy since it confers neuroprotection in stroke animal models. However, the responsible sub-populations remain to be established and the mechanisms involved are unknown. To explore HUCB neuroprotective properties in a PC12 cell-based ischemic neuronal model, we used an HUCB mononuclear-enriched population of collagen-adherent cells, which can be differentiated in vitro into a neuronal phenotype (HUCBNP). Upon co-culture with insulted-PC12 cells, HUCBNP conferred approximately 30% neuroprotection, as evaluated by decreased lactate dehydrogenase and caspase-3 activities. HUCBNP decreased by 95% the level of free radicals in the insulted-PC12 cells, in correlation with the appearance of antioxidants, as measured by changes in the oxidation-reduction potential of the medium using cyclic-voltammetry. An increased level of nerve growth factor (NGF), vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor in the co-culture medium was temporally correlated with a -medium neuroprotection effect, which was partially abolished by heat denaturation. HUCBNP-induced neuroprotection was correlated with changes in gene expression of these neurotrophic factors, while blocked by K252a, an antagonist of the TrkA/NGF receptor. These findings indicate that HUCBNP-induced neuroprotection involves antioxidant(s) and neurotrophic factors, which, by paracrine and/or autocrine interactions between the insulted-PC12 and the HUCBNP cells, conferred neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadar Arien-Zakay
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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