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Shi J, Tang M, Zhou S, Xu D, Zhao J, Wu C, Wang Q, Tian X, Li M, Zeng X. Programmed Cell Death Pathways in the Pathogenesis of Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies. Front Immunol 2021; 12:783616. [PMID: 34899749 PMCID: PMC8651702 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.783616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) is a heterogeneous group of acquired, autoimmune muscle diseases characterized by muscle inflammation and extramuscular involvements. Present literatures have revealed that dysregulated cell death in combination with impaired elimination of dead cells contribute to the release of autoantigens, damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and inflammatory cytokines, and result in immune responses and tissue damages in autoimmune diseases, including IIMs. This review summarizes the roles of various forms of programmed cell death pathways in the pathogenesis of IIMs and provides evidence for potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Shi
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Mingwei Tang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jiuliang Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Chanyuan Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xinping Tian
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Mengtao Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology, Beijing, China
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2
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Grande V, Hathazi D, O'Connor E, Marteau T, Schara-Schmidt U, Hentschel A, Gourdon G, Nikolenko N, Lochmüller H, Roos A. Dysregulation of GSK3β-Target Proteins in Skin Fibroblasts of Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 (DM1) Patients. J Neuromuscul Dis 2021; 8:603-619. [PMID: 33682722 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-200558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is the most common monogenetic muscular disorder of adulthood. This multisystemic disease is caused by CTG repeat expansion in the 3'-untranslated region of the DM1 protein kinase gene called DMPK. DMPK encodes a myosin kinase expressed in skeletal muscle cells and other cellular populations such as smooth muscle cells, neurons and fibroblasts. The resultant expanded (CUG)n RNA transcripts sequester RNA binding factors leading to ubiquitous and persistent splicing deregulation. The accumulation of mutant CUG repeats is linked to increased activity of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β), a highly conserved and ubiquitous serine/threonine kinase with functions in pathways regulating inflammation, metabolism, oncogenesis, neurogenesis and myogenesis. As GSK3β-inhibition ameliorates defects in myogenesis, muscle strength and myotonia in a DM1 mouse model, this kinase represents a key player of DM1 pathobiochemistry and constitutes a promising therapeutic target. To better characterise DM1 patients, and monitor treatment responses, we aimed to define a set of robust disease and severity markers linked to GSK3βby unbiased proteomic profiling utilizing fibroblasts derived from DM1 patients with low (80- 150) and high (2600- 3600) CTG-repeats. Apart from GSK3β increase, we identified dysregulation of nine proteins (CAPN1, CTNNB1, CTPS1, DNMT1, HDAC2, HNRNPH3, MAP2K2, NR3C1, VDAC2) modulated by GSK3β. In silico-based expression studies confirmed expression in neuronal and skeletal muscle cells and revealed a relatively elevated abundance in fibroblasts. The potential impact of each marker in the myopathology of DM1 is discussed based on respective function to inform potential uses as severity markers or for monitoring GSK3β inhibitor treatment responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Grande
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Hospital Essen, Duisburg-Essen University, Germany
| | - Denisa Hathazi
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften -ISAS- e.V., Dortmund, Germany.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emily O'Connor
- Childrens Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Theo Marteau
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Hospital Essen, Duisburg-Essen University, Germany
| | - Ulrike Schara-Schmidt
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Hospital Essen, Duisburg-Essen University, Germany
| | - Andreas Hentschel
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften -ISAS- e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Genevieve Gourdon
- Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Association Institut de Myologie, Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMR 974, Paris, France
| | - Nikoletta Nikolenko
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Hanns Lochmüller
- Childrens Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Centro Nacional de AnálisisGenómico, Center for Genomic Regulation (CNAG-CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Andreas Roos
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Hospital Essen, Duisburg-Essen University, Germany.,Childrens Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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3
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Pathophysiology, Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Modalities Associated with Skeletal Muscle Loss Following Spinal Cord Injury. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10120933. [PMID: 33276534 PMCID: PMC7761577 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10120933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A spinal cord injury (SCI) may lead to loss of strength, sensation, locomotion and other body functions distal to the lesion site. Individuals with SCI also develop secondary conditions due to the lack of skeletal muscle activity. As SCI case numbers increase, recent studies have attempted to determine the best options to salvage affected musculature before it is lost. These approaches include pharmacotherapeutic options, immunosuppressants, physical activity or a combination thereof. Associated biomarkers are increasingly used to determine if these treatments aid in the protection and reconstruction of affected musculature.
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4
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Zuo J, Hu Z, Liu T, Chen C, Tao Z, Chen S, Li F. Calpeptin attenuates cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary inflammation via suppressing calpain/IκBα signaling in mice and BEAS-2B cells. Pathol Res Pract 2018; 214:1199-1209. [PMID: 30078403 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to cigarette smoke including secondhand smoking is the most important risk factor in the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease where incidence has substantially increased in recent decades. The mechanisms responsible for cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary inflammation remain unclear, and thus lack of effective treatment. The present study investigated the effect of calpeptin on attenuating cigarette smoke induced pulmonary inflammation and its potential mechanism and function. When BALB/c mice were exposed to cigarette smoke and received calpeptin intraperitoneally injection after 90 days, calpeptin histologically attenuated the accumulation of neutrophils (P < 0.001), eosinophils (P < 0.001), macrophages (P < 0.01), fibrinous exudation and proliferation within the interstitial and alveolar spaces. BEAS-2B cells were added with cigarette smoke extract in vitro and treated with calpeptin for 24 h in the treatment group. The markedly upregulation of μ-calpain (P < 0.01), m-calpain (P < 0.001) and IκBα (P < 0.01) in cigarette smoke-induced lungs were simultaneously decreased by calpeptin treatment (P < 0.05). The increased expression of μ-calpain, m-calpain and IκBα (P < 0.05) in cigarette smoke extract-stimulated BEAS-2B cells were also decreased by calpeptin treatment (P < 0.05). These data indicated that calpeptin attenuated cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary inflammation by suppressing the pathway of μ-calpain, m-calpain and IκBα in vivo and in vitro. Calpeptin might have a potential for prevention of the development of inflammatory pulmonary diseases and warrant further pharmaceutical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zuo
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, PR China; Research Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, PR China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, PR China
| | - Zhangwei Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, PR China; Research Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, PR China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, PR China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, PR China; Research Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, PR China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, PR China
| | - Chen Chen
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, PR China
| | - Zezhang Tao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, PR China; Research Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, PR China.
| | - Shiming Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, PR China; Research Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, PR China
| | - Fen Li
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, PR China
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5
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Ono Y, Saido TC, Sorimachi H. Calpain research for drug discovery: challenges and potential. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2016; 15:854-876. [PMID: 27833121 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2016.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Calpains are a family of proteases that were scientifically recognized earlier than proteasomes and caspases, but remain enigmatic. However, they are known to participate in a multitude of physiological and pathological processes, performing 'limited proteolysis' whereby they do not destroy but rather modulate the functions of their substrates. Calpains are therefore referred to as 'modulator proteases'. Multidisciplinary research on calpains has begun to elucidate their involvement in pathophysiological mechanisms. Therapeutic strategies targeting malfunctions of calpains have been developed, driven primarily by improvements in the specificity and bioavailability of calpain inhibitors. Here, we review the calpain superfamily and calpain-related disorders, and discuss emerging calpain-targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Ono
- Calpain Project, Department of Advanced Science for Biomolecules, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science (IGAKUKEN), 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Takaomi C Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sorimachi
- Calpain Project, Department of Advanced Science for Biomolecules, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science (IGAKUKEN), 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
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Rao SS, Mu Q, Zeng Y, Cai PC, Liu F, Yang J, Xia Y, Zhang Q, Song LJ, Zhou LL, Li FZ, Lin YX, Fang J, Greer PA, Shi HZ, Ma WL, Su Y, Ye H. Calpain-activated mTORC2/Akt pathway mediates airway smooth muscle remodelling in asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 47:176-189. [PMID: 27649066 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic asthma is characterized by inflammation and airway remodelling. Airway remodelling with excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) and larger smooth muscle mass are correlated with increased airway responsiveness and asthma severity. Calpain is a family of calcium-dependent endopeptidases, which plays an important role in ECM remodelling. However, the role of calpain in airway smooth muscle remodelling remains unknown. OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of calpain in asthmatic airway remodelling as well as the underlying mechanism. METHODS The mouse asthma model was made by ovalbumin sensitization and challenge. Calpain conditional knockout mice were studied in the model. Airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) were isolated from smooth muscle bundles in airway of rats. Cytokines IL-4, IL-5, TNF-α, and TGF-β1, and serum from patients with asthma were selected to treated ASMCs. Collagen-I synthesis, cell proliferation, and phosphorylation of Akt in ASMCs were analysed. RESULTS Inhibition of calpain using calpain knockout mice attenuated airway smooth muscle remodelling in mouse asthma models. Cytokines IL-4, IL-5, TNF-α, and TGF-β1, and serum from patients with asthma increased collagen-I synthesis, cell proliferation, and phosphorylation of Akt in ASMCs, which were blocked by the calpain inhibitor MDL28170. Moreover, MDL28170 reduced cytokine-induced increases in Rictor protein, which is the most important component of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2). Blockage of the mTORC2 signal pathway prevented cytokine-induced phosphorylation of Akt, collagen-I synthesis, and cell proliferation of ASMCs and attenuated airway smooth muscle remodelling in mouse asthma models. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our results indicate that calpain mediates cytokine-induced collagen-I synthesis and proliferation of ASMCs via the mTORC2/Akt signalling pathway, thereby regulating airway smooth muscle remodelling in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-S Rao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Q Mu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Y Zeng
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - P-C Cai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - F Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - J Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Y Xia
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Q Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - L-J Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - L-L Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - F-Z Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Y-X Lin
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - J Fang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - P A Greer
- Queen's University Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - H-Z Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - W-L Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Ministry of Health of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Y Su
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - H Ye
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Ministry of Health of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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7
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Dantrolene improves in vitro structural changes induced by serum from Trypanosoma cruzi-infected mice. Parasitol Res 2016; 116:429-433. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-5281-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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8
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HUANG J, ZHU X. The Molecular Mechanisms of Calpains Action on Skeletal Muscle Atrophy. Physiol Res 2016; 65:547-560. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is associated with a loss of muscle protein which may result from both increased proteolysis and decreased protein synthesis. Investigations on cell signaling pathways that regulate muscle atrophy have promoted our understanding of this complicated process. Emerging evidence implicates that calpains play key roles in dysregulation of proteolysis seen in muscle atrophy. Moreover, studies have also shown that abnormally activated calpain results muscle atrophy via its downstream effects on ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) and Akt phosphorylation. This review will discuss the role of calpains in regulation of skeletal muscle atrophy mainly focusing on its collaboration with either UPP or Akt in atrophy conditions in hope to stimulate the interest in development of novel therapeutic interventions for skeletal muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - X. ZHU
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, YangPu Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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9
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Chen H, Wang X, Zhao Q, Zhang Z, Ye X, Hua F, Cui G. Dual effects of heme oxygenase-1 on astrocyte injury induced by heminin vitro. Brain Inj 2015; 30:36-42. [DOI: 10.3109/02699052.2015.1084648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Thakore NP, Samantaray S, Park S, Nozaki K, Smith JA, Cox A, Krause J, Banik NL. Molecular Changes in Sub-lesional Muscle Following Acute Phase of Spinal Cord Injury. Neurochem Res 2015; 41:44-52. [PMID: 26290268 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1696-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
To clarify the molecular changes of sublesional muscle in the acute phase of spinal cord injury (SCI), a moderately severe injury (40 g cm) was induced in the spinal cord (T10 vertebral level) of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (injury) and compared with sham (laminectomy only). Rats were sacrificed at 48 h (acute) post injury, and gastrocnemius muscles were excised. Morphological examination revealed no significant changes in the muscle fiber diameter between the sham and injury rats. Western blot analyses performed on the visibly red, central portion of the gastrocnemius muscle showed significantly higher expression of muscle specific E3 ubiquitin ligases (muscle ring finger-1 and muscle atrophy f-box) and significantly lower expression of phosphorylated Akt-1/2/3 in the injury group compared to the sham group. Cyclooxygenase 2, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and caspase-1, also had a significantly higher expression in the injury group; although, the mRNA levels of TNF-α and IL-6 did not show any significant difference between the sham and injury groups. These results suggest activation of protein degradation, deactivation of protein synthesis, and development of inflammatory reaction occurring in the sublesional muscles in the acute phase of SCI before overt muscle atrophy is seen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakul P Thakore
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, 309 CSB, MSC 606, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Supriti Samantaray
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, 309 CSB, MSC 606, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Sookyoung Park
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, 309 CSB, MSC 606, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.,Departmentof Physical Therapy, Kyungnam University, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Kenkichi Nozaki
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, 309 CSB, MSC 606, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.,Division of Neuromuscular Disease, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Joshua A Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, 309 CSB, MSC 606, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - April Cox
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, 309 CSB, MSC 606, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - James Krause
- Department of Health Sciences and Research, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Naren L Banik
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, 309 CSB, MSC 606, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA. .,Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA.
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11
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Supinski GS, Alimov AP, Wang L, Song XH, Callahan LA. Neutral sphingomyelinase 2 is required for cytokine-induced skeletal muscle calpain activation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L614-24. [PMID: 26138644 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00141.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Calpain contributes to infection-induced diaphragm dysfunction but the upstream mechanism(s) responsible for calpain activation are poorly understood. It is known, however, that cytokines activate neutral sphingomyelinase (nSMase) and nSMase has downstream effects with the potential to increase calpain activity. We tested the hypothesis that infection-induced skeletal muscle calpain activation is a consequence of nSMase activation. We administered cytomix (20 ng/ml TNF-α, 50 U/ml IL-1β, 100 U/ml IFN-γ, 10 μg/ml LPS) to C2C12 muscle cells to simulate the effects of infection in vitro and studied mice undergoing cecal ligation puncture (CLP) as an in vivo model of infection. In cell studies, we assessed sphingomyelinase activity, subcellular calcium levels, and calpain activity and determined the effects of inhibiting sphingomyelinase using chemical (GW4869) and genetic (siRNA to nSMase2 and nSMase3) techniques. We assessed diaphragm force and calpain activity and utilized GW4869 to inhibit sphingomyelinase in mice. Cytomix increased cytosolic and mitochondrial calcium levels in C2C12 cells (P < 0.001); addition of GW4869 blocked these increases (P < 0.001). Cytomix also activated calpain, increasing calpain activity (P < 0.02), and the calpain-mediated cleavage of procaspase 12 (P < 0.001). Procaspase 12 cleavage was attenuated by either GW4869 (P < 0.001), BAPTA-AM (P < 0.001), or siRNA to nSMase2 (P < 0.001) but was unaffected by siRNA to nSMase3. GW4869 prevented CLP-induced diaphragm calpain activation and diaphragm weakness in mice. These data suggest that nSMase2 activation is required for the development of infection-induced diaphragm calpain activation and muscle weakness. As a consequence, therapies that inhibit nSMase2 in patients may prevent infection-induced skeletal muscle dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald S Supinski
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; and Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Alexander P Alimov
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; and Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Lin Wang
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; and Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Xiao-Hong Song
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; and Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Leigh A Callahan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; and Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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12
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Shang K, Zhang J, Amna T, Yang J, Cheng X, Zhang C, Hwang I. Attenuation of cellular toxicity by calpain inhibitor induced by bacterial endotoxin: a mechanistic study using muscle precursor cells as a model system. Mol Biol Rep 2015; 42:1281-8. [PMID: 25813209 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-015-3869-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This investigation was under taken to explore probable mechanisms and signal pathways involved in cytotoxicity induced by bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Herein, we selected muscle precursor C2C12 myoblasts as representative cells to test effect of calpain inhibitor 3-(4-iodophenyl)-2-mercapto-(Z)-2-propenoic acid (PD150606) on LPS induced inflammation and apoptosis. In order to rule out the toxicity of endotoxin, mouse myoblasts were exposed to various concentrations of LPS and viability of cells and morphology were assessed using CCK-8 assay and simple microscopy respectively. Apoptotic cell death was examined by fluorescence microscope at regular time intervals. Additionally, LPS induced apoptosis in C2C12 cells were determined by mRNA expression of µ-calpain, caspase-3 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and were quantified by qRT-PCR. Our results point out that LPS stimulation produced dose dependent toxicity in muscle precursor cells. Pre-treatment with a calpain inhibitor can significantly attenuate LPS-induced inflammation/apoptosis. Results of present research determined that mRNA expression of aforesaid genes was amplified (p<0.05) in LPS stimulated C2C12 cells, whereas a noticeable drop off in mRNA expression of these genes was observed when pre-exposed with calpain inhibitor PD150606. Our study has outlined the current understanding regarding the connection between µ-calpain and caspase-3 in skeletal muscle wasting and as a result provides suitable choice for designing promising chemotherapeutic system for muscle illness and atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Shang
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Chonju, 561-756, Republic of Korea
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13
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Malvestio LM, Celes MR, Milanezi C, Silva JS, Jelicks LA, Tanowitz HB, Rossi MA, Prado CM. Role of dystrophin in acute Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Microbes Infect 2014; 16:768-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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14
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Differential functions of calpain 1 during epithelial cell death and adipocyte differentiation in mammary gland involution. Biochem J 2014; 459:355-68. [PMID: 24467364 DOI: 10.1042/bj20130847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Calpains become activated in the mammary gland early during weaning, cleaving several proteins located mainly in the cell membrane, but also in other organelles such as lysosomes, mitochondria and nuclei. By immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis, we have demonstrated the nuclear translocation of calpain-1 and calpain-2, together with the cleavage of several cytoplasmic nucleoporins in epithelial cells of the lobulo-alveolar compartment. In vivo and in vitro calpain inhibition prevented this nucleoporin degradation. In addition, calpain-1 was also present in the nucleus of non-epithelial mammary tissue cells, concomitant with adipocyte re-differentiation. Calpain-1 was internalized within nuclei and found to be present in the nuclear chromatin-enriched fraction, associated with histone H3. Furthermore, we have demonstrated, both in vivo and in vitro, the cleavage of the N-terminal residue of histone H3 by calpain-1. Calpain-1 co-localized with both H3K4me3 (histone H3 trimethylated at Lys4) and H3K27me3 (histone H3 trimethylated at Lys27) at the nuclear periphery, a bivalent epigenetic signal essential for cell differentiation. Using ChIP assays we could confirm the presence of calpain-1 in the promoters of key genes expressed in adipose tissue, such as Cebpa (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α) and Lep (leptin). The results of the present study highlight a dual role for calpain-1 in the weaned gland after the pregnancy/lactation cycle, controlling programmed cell death and participating in the epigenetic programme during adipocyte differentiation.
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Park S, Nozaki K, Smith JA, Krause JS, Banik NL. Cross-talk between IGF-1 and estrogen receptors attenuates intracellular changes in ventral spinal cord 4.1 motoneuron cells because of interferon-gamma exposure. J Neurochem 2013; 128:904-18. [PMID: 24188094 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a neuroprotective growth factor that promotes neuronal survival by inhibition of apoptosis. To examine whether IGF-1 exerts cytoprotective effects against extracellular inflammatory stimulation, ventral spinal cord 4.1 (VSC4.1) motoneuron cells were treated with interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). Our data demonstrated apoptotic changes, increased calpain:calpastatin and Bax:Bcl-2 ratios, and expression of apoptosis-related proteases (caspase-3 and -12) in motoneurons rendered by IFN-γ in a dose-dependent manner. Post-treatment with IGF-1 attenuated these changes. In addition, IGF-1 treatment of motoneurons exposed to IFN-γ decreased expression of inflammatory markers (cyclooxygenase-2 and nuclear factor-kappa B:inhibitor of kappa B ratio). Furthermore, IGF-1 attenuated the loss of expression of IGF-1 receptors (IGF-1Rα and IGF-1Rβ) and estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ) induced by IFN-γ. To determine whether the protective effects of IGF-1 are associated with ERs, ERs antagonist ICI and selective siRNA targeted against ERα and ERβ were used in VSC4.1 motoneurons. Distinctive morphological changes were observed following siRNA knockdown of ERα and ERβ. In particular, apoptotic cell death assessed by TUNEL assay was enhanced in both ERα and ERβ-silenced VSC4.1 motoneurons following IFN-γ and IGF-1 exposure. These results suggest that IGF-1 protects motoneurons from inflammatory insult by a mechanism involving pivotal interactions with ERα and ERβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sookyoung Park
- Department of Neurosciences, Division of Neurology, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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Samantaray S, Patel KS, Knaryan VH, Thakore NP, Roudabush S, Heissenbuttle JH, Becker HC, Banik NL. Calpain inhibition prevents ethanol-induced alterations in spinal motoneurons. Neurochem Res 2013; 38:1734-41. [PMID: 23690229 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-013-1077-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Long-term exposure of ethanol (EtOH) alters the structure and function in brain and spinal cord. The present study addresses the mechanisms of EtOH-induced damaging effects on spinal motoneurons in vitro. Altered morphology and biochemical changes of such damage were demonstrated by in situ Wright staining and DNA ladder assay. EtOH at low to moderate (25-50 mM) concentrations induced damaging effects in the motoneuronal scaffold which involved activation of proteases like μ-calpain and caspase-3. Caspase-8 was seen only at higher (100 mM) EtOH concentration. Further, pretreatment with calpeptin, a potent calpain inhibitor, confirmed the involvement of active proteases in EtOH-induced damage to motoneurons. The lysosomal enzyme cathepsin D was also elevated in the motoneurons by EtOH, and this effect was significantly attenuated by inhibitor treatment. Overall, EtOH exposure rendered spinal motoneurons vulnerable to damage, and calpeptin provided protection, suggesting a critical role of calpain activation in EtOH-induced alterations in spinal motoneurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriti Samantaray
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Suite 309 CSB, MSC 606, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
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Albayda J, Christopher-Stine L. Novel approaches in the treatment of myositis and myopathies. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2012; 4:369-77. [PMID: 23024713 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x12447705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory myopathies are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by muscle weakness and inflammation. Although no standard therapeutic guidelines exist, traditional treatment has included corticosteroids and a variety of second-line immunosuppressants. As treatment of refractory disease has been difficult, newer agents and approaches have been used with varying response. The advent of standardized treatment response criteria by the International Myositis Assessment and Clinical Studies (IMACS) group has helped investigators to evaluate and compare clinical trial outcomes in a more rigorous fashion. The use of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), rituximab, biologic agents including tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors, stem-cell transplantation, gene therapy, and vascular occlusion resistance training are reviewed here. As our understanding of disease pathogenesis at the immunologic, genetic, and molecular level expands, the discovery of novel therapeutic targets hold promise for the successful treatment of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemima Albayda
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Park S, Nozaki K, Guyton MK, Smith JA, Ray SK, Banik NL. Calpain inhibition attenuated morphological and molecular changes in skeletal muscle of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis rats. J Neurosci Res 2012; 90:2134-45. [PMID: 22715087 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Muscle weakness and atrophy are important manifestations of multiple sclerosis (MS). To investigate the pathophysiological mechanisms of skeletal muscle change in MS, we induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in Lewis male rats and examined morphological and molecular changes in skeletal muscle. We also treated EAE rats with calpepetin, a calpain inhibitor, to examine its beneficial effects on skeletal muscle damage. Morphological changes in muscle tissue of EAE rats included smaller and irregularly shaped muscle fibers and fibrosis. Western blot analysis demonstrated increased calpain:calpastatin ratio, inflammation-related transcription factors (nuclear factor-κB:inhibitor of κB α ratio), and proinflammatory enzymes (cyclooxygenase-2). TUNEL-positive myonuclei in skeletal muscle cells of EAE rats indicated cell death. In addition, markers of apoptotic cell death (Bax:Bcl-2 ratio and caspase-12 protein levels) were elevated. Expression of muscle-specific ubiquitin ligases (muscle atrophy F-box and muscle ring finger protein 1), was upregulated in muscle tissue of EAE-vehicle animals. Both prophylactic and therapeutic treatment with calpeptin partially attenuated muscle changes noted in EAE animals. These results indicate that morphological and molecular changes including apoptotic cell death and protein breakdown develop in skeletal muscle of EAE animals and that these changes can be reversed by calpain inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sookyoung Park
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA
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Arnandis T, Ferrer-Vicens I, García-Trevijano ER, Miralles VJ, García C, Torres L, Viña JR, Zaragozá R. Calpains mediate epithelial-cell death during mammary gland involution: mitochondria and lysosomal destabilization. Cell Death Differ 2012; 19:1536-48. [PMID: 22555453 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2012.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Our aim was to elucidate the physiological role of calpains (CAPN) in mammary gland involution. Both CAPN-1 and -2 were induced after weaning and its activity increased in isolated mitochondria and lysosomes. CAPN activation within the mitochondria could trigger the release of cytochrome c and other pro-apoptotic factors, whereas in lysosomes it might be essential for tissue remodeling by releasing cathepsins into the cytosol. Immunohistochemical analysis localized CAPNs mainly at the luminal side of alveoli. During weaning, CAPNs translocate to the lysosomes processing membrane proteins. To identify these substrates, lysosomal fractions were treated with recombinant CAPN and cleaved products were identified by 2D-DIGE. The subunit b(2) of the v-type H(+) ATPase is proteolyzed and so is the lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2a (LAMP2a). Both proteins are also cleaved in vivo. Furthermore, LAMP2a cleavage was confirmed in vitro by addition of CAPNs to isolated lysosomes and several CAPN inhibitors prevented it. Finally, in vivo inhibition of CAPN1 in 72-h-weaned mice decreased LAMP2a cleavage. Indeed, calpeptin-treated mice showed a substantial delay in tissue remodeling and involution of the mammary gland. These results suggest that CAPNs are responsible for mitochondrial and lysosomal membrane permeabilization, supporting the idea that lysosomal-mediated cell death is a new hallmark of mammary gland involution.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Arnandis
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico-INCLIVA, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Elkind E, Vaisid T, Kornspan JD, Barnoy S, Rottem S, Kosower NS. Calpastatin upregulation in Mycoplasma hyorhinis-infected cells is promoted by the mycoplasma lipoproteins via the NF-κB pathway. Cell Microbiol 2012; 14:840-51. [PMID: 22288381 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2012.01760.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma hyorhinis frequently contaminates cultured cells, with effects on synthetic and metabolic pathways. We demonstrated for the first time that contamination of cells by a strain of M. hyorhinis (NDMh) results in increased levels of calpastatin (the endogenous inhibitor of the ubiquitous Ca(2+) -dependent protease calpain). We now show that the calpastatin upregulation by NDMh in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells resides in the NDMh lipoprotein fraction (LPP), via the NF-κB transcription pathway. NF-κB activation requires dissociation of the cytoplasmic NF-κB/IκB complex followed by NF-κB translocation to the nucleus. NDMh-LPP induced translocation of the NF-κB RelA subunit to the nucleus and upregulated calpastatin. RelA translocation and calpastatin elevation were prevented when dissociation of the NF-κB/IκB complex was inhibited either by transfection with the non-phosphorylatable IκB mutant ΔNIκBα, or by using PS1145, an inhibitor of the IκB kinase (IKK complex). Increased calpastatin levels attenuate calpain-related amyloid-β-peptide and Ca(2+) -toxicity (these are central to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease). LPP-induced elevation of calpastatin provides an example of effects on non-inflammatory intracellular proteins, the outcome being significant alterations in host cell functions. Since calpastatin level is important in the control of calpain activity, mycoplasmal LPP may be of interest in treating some pathological processes involving excessive calpain activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Elkind
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
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