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Narkar A, Feaster TK, Casciola M, Blinova K. Human in vitro neurocardiac coculture (ivNCC) assay development for evaluating cardiac contractility modulation. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15498. [PMID: 36325586 PMCID: PMC9630755 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Two of the most prominent organ systems, the nervous and the cardiovascular systems, are intricately connected to maintain homeostasis in mammals. Recent years have shown tremendous efforts toward therapeutic modulation of cardiac contractility and electrophysiology by electrical stimulation. Neuronal innervation and cardiac ganglia regulation are often overlooked when developing in vitro models for cardiac devices, but it is likely that peripheral nervous system plays a role in the clinical effects. We developed an in vitro neurocardiac coculture (ivNCC) model system to study cardiac and neuronal interplay using human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) technology. We demonstrated significant expression and colocalization of cardiac markers including troponin, α-actinin, and neuronal marker peripherin in neurocardiac coculture. To assess functional coupling between the cardiomyocytes and neurons, we evaluated nicotine-induced β-adrenergic norepinephrine effect and found beat rate was significantly increased in ivNCC as compared to monoculture alone. The developed platform was used as a nonclinical model for the assessment of cardiac medical devices that deliver nonexcitatory electrical pulses to the heart during the absolute refractory period of the cardiac cycle, that is, cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) therapy. Robust coculture response was observed at 14 V/cm (5 V, 64 mA), monophasic, 2 ms pulse duration for pacing and 20 V/cm (7 V, 90 mA) phase amplitude, biphasic, 5.14 ms pulse duration for CCM. We observed that the CCM effect and kinetics were more pronounced in coculture as compared to cardiac monoculture, supporting a hypothesis that some part of CCM mechanism of action can be attributed to peripheral nervous system stimulation. This study provides novel characterization of CCM effects on hiPSC-derived neurocardiac cocultures. This innervated human heart model can be further extended to investigate arrhythmic mechanisms, neurocardiac safety, and toxicity post-chronic exposure to materials, drugs, and medical devices. We present data on acute CCM electrical stimulation effects on a functional and optimized coculture using commercially available hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes and neurons. Moreover, this study provides an in vitro human heart model to evaluate neuronal innervation and cardiac ganglia regulation of contractility by applying CCM pulse parameters that closely resemble clinical setting. This ivNCC platform provides a potential tool for investigating aspects of cardiac and neurological device safety and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Narkar
- Center for Devices and Radiological HealthUS Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMarylandUSA
| | - Tromondae K. Feaster
- Center for Devices and Radiological HealthUS Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMarylandUSA
| | - Maura Casciola
- Center for Devices and Radiological HealthUS Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMarylandUSA
| | - Ksenia Blinova
- Center for Devices and Radiological HealthUS Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMarylandUSA
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Fedele L, Brand T. The Intrinsic Cardiac Nervous System and Its Role in Cardiac Pacemaking and Conduction. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2020; 7:jcdd7040054. [PMID: 33255284 PMCID: PMC7712215 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd7040054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiac autonomic nervous system (CANS) plays a key role for the regulation of cardiac activity with its dysregulation being involved in various heart diseases, such as cardiac arrhythmias. The CANS comprises the extrinsic and intrinsic innervation of the heart. The intrinsic cardiac nervous system (ICNS) includes the network of the intracardiac ganglia and interconnecting neurons. The cardiac ganglia contribute to the tight modulation of cardiac electrophysiology, working as a local hub integrating the inputs of the extrinsic innervation and the ICNS. A better understanding of the role of the ICNS for the modulation of the cardiac conduction system will be crucial for targeted therapies of various arrhythmias. We describe the embryonic development, anatomy, and physiology of the ICNS. By correlating the topography of the intracardiac neurons with what is known regarding their biophysical and neurochemical properties, we outline their physiological role in the control of pacemaker activity of the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes. We conclude by highlighting cardiac disorders with a putative involvement of the ICNS and outline open questions that need to be addressed in order to better understand the physiology and pathophysiology of the ICNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fedele
- Correspondence: (L.F.); (T.B.); Tel.: +44-(0)-207-594-6531 (L.F.); +44-(0)-207-594-8744 (T.B.)
| | - Thomas Brand
- Correspondence: (L.F.); (T.B.); Tel.: +44-(0)-207-594-6531 (L.F.); +44-(0)-207-594-8744 (T.B.)
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Winbo A, Ramanan S, Eugster E, Jovinge S, Skinner JR, Montgomery JM. Functional coculture of sympathetic neurons and cardiomyocytes derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 319:H927-H937. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00546.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We present data on a functional coculture between human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived sympathetic neurons and cardiomyocytes. Moreover, this study adds significantly to the available data on the electrophysiological function of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived sympathetic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Winbo
- Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Manaaki Mānawa Centre for Heart Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Paediatric and Congenital Cardiac Services, Starship Children’s Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Suganeya Ramanan
- Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Manaaki Mānawa Centre for Heart Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Emily Eugster
- DeVos Cardiovascular Research Program, Spectrum Health and Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Stefan Jovinge
- DeVos Cardiovascular Research Program, Spectrum Health and Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Jonathan R. Skinner
- Manaaki Mānawa Centre for Heart Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Paediatric and Congenital Cardiac Services, Starship Children’s Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Johanna M. Montgomery
- Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Manaaki Mānawa Centre for Heart Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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McNeill RV, Ziegler GC, Radtke F, Nieberler M, Lesch KP, Kittel-Schneider S. Mental health dished up-the use of iPSC models in neuropsychiatric research. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2020; 127:1547-1568. [PMID: 32377792 PMCID: PMC7578166 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-020-02197-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Genetic and molecular mechanisms that play a causal role in mental illnesses are challenging to elucidate, particularly as there is a lack of relevant in vitro and in vivo models. However, the advent of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology has provided researchers with a novel toolbox. We conducted a systematic review using the PRISMA statement. A PubMed and Web of Science online search was performed (studies published between 2006–2020) using the following search strategy: hiPSC OR iPSC OR iPS OR stem cells AND schizophrenia disorder OR personality disorder OR antisocial personality disorder OR psychopathy OR bipolar disorder OR major depressive disorder OR obsessive compulsive disorder OR anxiety disorder OR substance use disorder OR alcohol use disorder OR nicotine use disorder OR opioid use disorder OR eating disorder OR anorexia nervosa OR attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder OR gaming disorder. Using the above search criteria, a total of 3515 studies were found. After screening, a final total of 56 studies were deemed eligible for inclusion in our study. Using iPSC technology, psychiatric disease can be studied in the context of a patient’s own unique genetic background. This has allowed great strides to be made into uncovering the etiology of psychiatric disease, as well as providing a unique paradigm for drug testing. However, there is a lack of data for certain psychiatric disorders and several limitations to present iPSC-based studies, leading us to discuss how this field may progress in the next years to increase its utility in the battle to understand psychiatric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon V McNeill
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Margarete-Höppel-Platz 1, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Georg C Ziegler
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Margarete-Höppel-Platz 1, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Radtke
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Nieberler
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Margarete-Höppel-Platz 1, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Lesch
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Margarete-Höppel-Platz 1, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Kittel-Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Margarete-Höppel-Platz 1, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
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Winbo A, Paterson DJ. The Brain-Heart Connection in Sympathetically Triggered Inherited Arrhythmia Syndromes. Heart Lung Circ 2019; 29:529-537. [PMID: 31959550 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Sympathetically triggered inherited arrhythmia syndromes, including the long QT syndrome (LQTS) and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT), can cause sudden cardiac death in young individuals with structurally normal hearts. With cardiac events typically triggered by physical or emotional stress, not surprisingly, two of the most common treatments are neuromodulators, including mainstay beta blocker pharmacotherapy, and surgical sympathetic cardiac denervation. This review updates the clinician on the relevant anatomy and physiology of the cardiac autonomic nervous system, outlines neurocardiac arrhythmia mechanisms, and discusses the latest rationale for a neurocardiac therapeutic approach to manage sympathetic-induced arrhythmia in patients with inherited cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Winbo
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Paediatric and Congenital Cardiac Services, Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - David J Paterson
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Novel Evidence of the Increase in Angiogenic Factor Plasma Levels after Lineage-Negative Stem/Progenitor Cell Intracoronary Infusion in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133330. [PMID: 31284593 PMCID: PMC6650859 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy raises hope to reduce the harmful effects of acute myocardial ischemia. Stem and progenitor cells (SPCs) may be a valuable source of trophic factors. In this study, we assessed the plasma levels of selected trophic factors in patients undergoing application of autologous bone marrow (BM)-derived, lineage-negative (Lin-) stem/progenitor cells into the coronary artery in the acute phase of myocardial infarction. The study group consisted of 15 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) who underwent percutaneous revascularization and, afterwards, Lin- stem/progenitor cell administration into the infarct-related artery. The control group consisted of 19 patients. BM Lin- cells were isolated using immunomagnetic methods. Peripheral blood was collected on day 0, 2, 4, and 7 and after the first and third month to assess the concentration of selected trophic factors using multiplex fluorescent bead-based immunoassays. We found in the Lin- group that several angiogenic trophic factors (vascular endothelial growth factor, Angiopoietin-1, basic fibroblast growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor-aa) plasma level significantly increased to the 4th day after myocardial infarction. In parallel, we noticed a tendency where the plasma levels of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor were increased in the Lin- group. The obtained results suggest that the administered SPCs may be a valuable source of angiogenic trophic factors for damaged myocardium, although this observation requires further in-depth studies.
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Ebrahimi A, Keske E, Mehdipour A, Ebrahimi-Kalan A, Ghorbani M. Somatic cell reprogramming as a tool for neurodegenerative diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 112:108663. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Skibinska M, Kapelski P, Rajewska-Rager A, Szczepankiewicz A, Narozna B, Duda J, Dmitrzak-Weglarz M, Twarowska-Hauser J, Pawlak J. Correlation of metabolic parameters, neurotrophin-3, and neurotrophin-4 serum levels in women with schizophrenia and first-onset depression. Nord J Psychiatry 2019; 73:96-103. [PMID: 30654674 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2018.1563213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurotrophin-3 (NTF3) and neurotrophin-4 (NTF4) play a crucial role in the neurodevelopment, differentiation, survival, and protection of neurons in different brain regions. Schizophrenia and depression are highly associated with metabolic abnormalities. Longitudinal and cross-sectional comparisons of NTF3 and NTF4 levels, as well as clinical and metabolic parameters, were studied in schizophrenia, first-episode depression, and control groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum NTF3 and NTF4 levels, body mass index (BMI), fasting serum glucose and lipid profile: cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) were measured at baseline and week 8 in 133 women: 55 patients with schizophrenia (19 with first-episode and 36 chronic), 30 patients with a first-episode depression and 48 healthy controls. The severity of the symptoms was evaluated with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory. RESULTS Longitudinal and cross-sectional comparisons did not detect any differences in the serum levels of NTF3 and NTF4 between studied groups. NTF3 and NTF4 levels were strongly correlated. Correlation of NTF3 and HDL-C levels at baseline was observed. Significant changes in cholesterol and fasting serum glucose levels in first-episode depression patients during 8 weeks of treatment were detected. Significant differences in BMI and LDL-C levels between schizophrenia and first-episode depression patients were discovered. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first research which correlates NTF3 and NTF4 with metabolic parameters. Our study does not support the theory that the peripheral levels of NTF3 and NTF4 are disturbed in schizophrenia or first-episode depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Skibinska
- a Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry , Poznan University of Medical Sciences , Poznan , Poland
| | - Pawel Kapelski
- a Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry , Poznan University of Medical Sciences , Poznan , Poland
| | - Aleksandra Rajewska-Rager
- a Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry , Poznan University of Medical Sciences , Poznan , Poland
| | - Aleksandra Szczepankiewicz
- a Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry , Poznan University of Medical Sciences , Poznan , Poland
| | - Beata Narozna
- b Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology , Poznan University of Medical Sciences , Poznan , Poland
| | - Joanna Duda
- a Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry , Poznan University of Medical Sciences , Poznan , Poland
| | - Monika Dmitrzak-Weglarz
- a Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry , Poznan University of Medical Sciences , Poznan , Poland
| | - Joanna Twarowska-Hauser
- a Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry , Poznan University of Medical Sciences , Poznan , Poland
| | - Joanna Pawlak
- a Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry , Poznan University of Medical Sciences , Poznan , Poland
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Durães Campos I, Pinto V, Sousa N, Pereira VH. A brain within the heart: A review on the intracardiac nervous system. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 119:1-9. [PMID: 29653111 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac function is under the control of the autonomic nervous system, composed by the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions, which are finely tuned at different hierarchical levels. While a complex regulation occurs in the central nervous system involving the insular cortex, the amygdala and the hypothalamus, a local cardiac regulation also takes place within the heart, driven by an intracardiac nervous system. This complex system consists of a network of ganglionic plexuses and interconnecting ganglions and axons. Each ganglionic plexus contains numerous intracardiac ganglia that operate as local integration centres, modulating the intricate autonomic interactions between the extrinsic and intracardiac nervous systems. Herein, we summarize the current understanding on the intracardiac nervous system, and acknowledge its role in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Durães Campos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal; Cardiology Department, Hospital of Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Vitor Pinto
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Vitor H Pereira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.
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Three-Dimensional Organoid System Transplantation Technologies in Future Treatment of Central Nervous System Diseases. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:5682354. [PMID: 28904534 PMCID: PMC5585580 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5682354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, scientists have made great achievements in understanding the development of human brain and elucidating critical elements of stepwise spatiotemporal control strategies in neural stem cell specification lineage, which facilitates successful induction of neural organoid in vitro including the cerebral cortex, cerebellar, neural tube, hippocampus cortex, pituitary, and optic cup. Besides, emerging researches on neural organogenesis promote the application of 3D organoid system transplantation in treating central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Present review will categorize current researches on organogenesis into three approaches: (a) stepwise, direct organization of region-specific or population-enriched neural organoid; (b) assemble and direct distinct organ-specific progenitor cells or stem cells to form specific morphogenesis organoid; and (c) assemble embryoid bodies for induction of multilayer organoid. However, the majority of these researches focus on elucidating cellular and molecular mechanisms involving in brain organogenesis or disease development and only a few of them conducted for treating diseases. In this work, we will compare three approaches and also analyze their possible indications for diseases in future treatment on the basis of their distinct characteristics.
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Kingma JG, Simard D, Rouleau JR. Influence of cardiac nerve status on cardiovascular regulation and cardioprotection. World J Cardiol 2017; 9:508-520. [PMID: 28706586 PMCID: PMC5491468 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v9.i6.508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural elements of the intrinsic cardiac nervous system transduce sensory inputs from the heart, blood vessels and other organs to ensure adequate cardiac function on a beat-to-beat basis. This inter-organ crosstalk is critical for normal function of the heart and other organs; derangements within the nervous system hierarchy contribute to pathogenesis of organ dysfunction. The role of intact cardiac nerves in development of, as well as protection against, ischemic injury is of current interest since it may involve recruitment of intrinsic cardiac ganglia. For instance, ischemic conditioning, a novel protection strategy against organ injury, and in particular remote conditioning, is likely mediated by activation of neural pathways or by endogenous cytoprotective blood-borne substances that stimulate different signalling pathways. This discovery reinforces the concept that inter-organ communication, and maintenance thereof, is key. As such, greater understanding of mechanisms and elucidation of treatment strategies is imperative to improve clinical outcomes particularly in patients with comorbidities. For instance, autonomic imbalance between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system regulation can initiate cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy that compromises cardiac stability and function. Neuromodulation therapies that directly target the intrinsic cardiac nervous system or other elements of the nervous system hierarchy are currently being investigated for treatment of different maladies in animal and human studies.
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