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Alizamani E, Ghorbanzadeh B, Naserzadeh R, Mansouri MT. Montelukast, a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist, exerts local antinociception in animal model of pain through the L-arginine/nitric oxide/cyclic GMP/K ATP channel pathway and PPARγ receptors. Int J Neurosci 2021; 131:1004-1011. [PMID: 32408781 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1769618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The leukotrienes are inflammatory mediators. In the present study, the analgesic role of local montelukast, a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist, and the possible involvement of L-arginine/NO/cGMP/KATP channel pathway and PPARγ receptors was assessed in the formalin test in rats. METHODS AND RESULTS The local administration of montelukast into the hind paw produced dose-related analgesia during both phases of the formalin test. Furthermore, pre-treatment with L-NAME, methylene blue, and glibenclamide prevented montelukast (10 μg/paw)-induced antinociception in both early and late phases of the test. Moreover, the local L-arginine and diazoxide before the sub-effective dose of montelukast (3 μg/paw) produced an analgesic effect. Also, local GW-9662 blocked antinociception induced by montelukast plus pioglitazone (10 μg/paw). CONCLUSION In conclusion, montelukast produced peripheral analgesia through PPARγ receptors and activation of the L-arginine/NO/cGMP/KATP channel pathway, with potential for a new topical analgesic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Alizamani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Behnam Ghorbanzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
- Pain Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Reza Naserzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
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Houshmand G, Pourasghar M, Shiran M, Arab Firozjae A, Goudarzi M, Manouchehr F, Shirzad S, Assadpour S, Nikbakht J, Ghorbanzadeh B. Simvastatin prevents morphine antinociceptive tolerance and withdrawal symptoms through antioxidative effect and nitric oxide pathway in mice. Behav Brain Res 2021; 402:113104. [PMID: 33417990 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.113104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and the nitric oxide (NO) pathway are involved in the development of opioid analgesic tolerance and dependence. Simvastatin modulates NO and oxidative stress, so the present study aimed to investigate its effect on the development and expression of morphine analgesic tolerance and withdrawal signs in mice. Morphine tolerance and dependence were induced by twice daily morphine injection (10 mg/kg, s.c.) for 5 consecutive days. Tolerance was assessed by the hot-plate test and dependence by naloxone challenge, on the sixth day. To determine if the NO is involved in the effects of simvastatin, mice were pre-treated with l-arginine (200 mg/kg) or the NO synthesis inhibitors (L-NAME; 30 mg/kg) along with simvastatin (300 mg/kg). The results showed that acute and chronic administration of simvastatin reversed the antinociceptive tolerance of morphine and attenuated withdrawal signs in morphine-dependent mice, and this effect is reversed by l-arginine and augmented by l-NAME. Also, the concentration of NO and oxidative stress factors such as malondialdehyde content, total thiol, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in brain tissues was evaluated. Chronic administration of simvastatin reduced NO and malondialdehyde, and increased total thiol and GPx levels in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of morphine-dependent mice which were antagonized by l-arginine, and augmented by l-NAME. In summary, simvastatin attenuates morphine-induced antinociceptive tolerance and withdrawal symptoms, at least partly, through antioxidative properties and nitric oxide pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Houshmand
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mehdi Pourasghar
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Shiran
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Atefeh Arab Firozjae
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mehdi Goudarzi
- Medicinal Plant Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Manouchehr
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Shizer Shirzad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Sara Assadpour
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Jafar Nikbakht
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Behnam Ghorbanzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran.
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Naserzadeh R, Abad N, Ghorbanzadeh B, Dolatshahi M, Mansouri MT. Simvastatin exerts antidepressant-like activity in mouse forced swimming test: Role of NO-cGMP-K ATP channels pathway and PPAR-gamma receptors. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2019; 180:92-100. [PMID: 30857920 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Simvastatin, one of the lipophilic statins, has been shown to be effective in reducing depression in rodents. The present study aimed to investigate the potential antidepressant-like activity of simvastatin and the possible involvement of NO-cGMP-KATP channels pathway and PPARγ using forced swimming test (FST) in mice. In addition, the interaction between simvastatin and fluoxetine as a reference drug was examined. After assessment of locomotor behavior in the open-field test (OFT), FST was applied for evaluation of depressive behavior in mice. Simvastatin at doses (20, 30, and 40 mg/kg, i.p.) was administrated 30 min before the OFT or FST. To evaluate the involvement of NO-cGMP-KATP channels pathway, mice were pre-treated intraperitoneally with l-arginine (a nitric oxide precursor, 750 mg/kg), L-NAME (a NOS inhibitor, 10 mg/kg), methylene blue (guanylyl cyclase inhibitor, 20 mg/kg), sildenafil (a PDE-5 inhibitor, 5 mg/kg), glibenclamide (ATP-sensitive K+ channel blocker, 1 mg/kg), and diazoxide (K+ channels opener, 10 mg/kg). Moreover, to clarify the probable involvement of PPARγ receptors, pioglitazone, a PPARγ agonist (5 mg/kg, i.p.), and GW9662, a PPARγ antagonist (2 mg/kg, i.p.), were pre-treated with simvastatin. Immobility time was significantly decreased after simvastatin injection. Administration of L-NAME, methylene blue, glibenclamide and pioglitazone in combination with the sub-effective dose of simvastatin (20 mg/kg, i.p.) reduced the immobility time in the FST compared to drugs alone, while co-administration of effective doses of simvastatin (30 mg/kg, i.p.) with l-arginine, sildenafil, diazoxide, and GW9662 prevented the antidepressant-like effect of simvastatin. In addition, simvastatin (20 mg/kg) potentiated the antidepressant-like effect of fluoxetine through the NO pathway. None of the drugs produced any significant alterations in locomotor activity using OFT. These results demonstrated that NO-cGMP-KATP channels pathway and PPARγ receptors may be involved in the antidepressant-like effect of simvastatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Naserzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Niloofar Abad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Behnam Ghorbanzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran.
| | - Mojtaba Dolatshahi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
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Refaie MMM, El-Hussieny M. Protective effect of pioglitazone on ovarian ischemia reperfusion injury of female rats via modulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma and heme-oxygenase 1. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 62:7-14. [PMID: 29966944 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian torsion is a dangerous gynecological emergency condition. Early diagnosis of this case is necessary to preserve the function of the ovaries and fallopian tubes and prevent further damage. Ovarian torsion means complete or partial rotation of the adnexa with ischemia followed by reperfusion period. Ovarian torsion affects 2%-15% of patients who have surgical treatment of adnexal masses. We investigated the effect of pioglitazone (PIO) on induced ovarian ischemia reperfusion (OIR). PIO (10, 30 mg/kg) was administered orally in the presence or absence of induced OIR. We measured ovarian tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), total nitrites (NOx), reduced glutathione (GSH), heme-oxygenase 1 (HO-1), and gene expressions of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Moreover, expression of p53 and histopathological changes were also evaluated. Results showed increase in the ovarian tissue levels of MDA and NOx and gene expressions of p53, TNFα, and iNOS in the induced OIR group. The induced OIR group showed the histopathological changes associated with cell injury, marked ovarian edema, hemorrhage and congestion. In addition, there was reduction in the GSH, HO-1 levels and PPARγ, eNOS gene expressions. PIO was able to reduce these induced OIR changes to levels insignificant from control group. This protective effect of PIO may be attributed to its PPARγ agonist effect, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M M Refaie
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, 61511 Minia, Egypt.
| | - Maram El-Hussieny
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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Okine BN, Gaspar JC, Finn DP. PPARs and pain. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 176:1421-1442. [PMID: 29679493 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is a common cause of disability worldwide and remains a global health and socio-economic challenge. Current analgesics are either ineffective in a significant proportion of patients with chronic pain or associated with significant adverse side effects. The PPARs, a family of nuclear hormone transcription factors, have emerged as important modulators of pain in preclinical studies and therefore a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of pain. Modulation of nociceptive processing by PPARs is likely to involve both transcription-dependent and transcription-independent mechanisms. This review presents a comprehensive overview of preclinical studies investigating the contribution of PPAR signalling to nociceptive processing in animal models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. We examine current evidence from anatomical, molecular and pharmacological studies demonstrating a role for PPARs in pain control. We also discuss the limited evidence available from relevant clinical studies and identify areas that warrant further research. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on 8th European Workshop on Cannabinoid Research. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.10/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bright N Okine
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Centre for Pain Research, NCBES, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Jessica C Gaspar
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Centre for Pain Research, NCBES, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - David P Finn
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Centre for Pain Research, NCBES, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Sałat K, Furgała A, Sałat R. Evaluation of cebranopadol, a dually acting nociceptin/orphanin FQ and opioid receptor agonist in mouse models of acute, tonic, and chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain. Inflammopharmacology 2018; 26:361-374. [PMID: 29071457 PMCID: PMC5859690 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0405-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cebranopadol (a.k.a. GRT-6005) is a dually acting nociceptin/orphanin FQ and opioid receptor agonist that has been recently developed in Phase 2 clinical trials for painful diabetic neuropathy or cancer pain. It also showed analgesic properties in various rat models of pain and had a better safety profile as compared to equi-analgesic doses of morphine. Since antinociceptive properties of cebranopadol have been studied mainly in rat models, in the present study, we assessed analgesic activity of subcutaneous cebranopadol (10 mg/kg) in various mouse pain models. METHODS We used models of acute, tonic, and chronic pain induced by thermal and chemical stimuli, with a particular emphasis on pharmacoresistant chronic neuropathic pain evoked by oxaliplatin in which cebranopadol was used alone or in combination with simvastatin. KEY RESULTS As shown in the hot plate test, the analgesic activity of cebranopadol developed more slowly as compared to morphine (90-120 min vs. 60 min). Cebranopadol displayed a significant antinociceptive activity in acute pain models, i.e., the hot plate, writhing, and capsaicin tests. It attenuated nocifensive responses in both phases of the formalin test and reduced cold allodynia in oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain model. Its efficacy was similar to that of morphine. Used in combination and administered simultaneously, 4 or 6 h after simvastatin, cebranopadol did not potentiate antiallodynic activity of this cholesterol-lowering drug. Cebranopadol did not induce any motor deficits in the rotarod test. CONCLUSION Cebranopadol may have significant potential for the treatment of various pain types, including inflammatory and chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Sałat
- Chair of Pharmacodynamics, Department of Pharmacodynamics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St, 30-688, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Anna Furgała
- Chair of Pharmacodynamics, Department of Pharmacodynamics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Robert Sałat
- Faculty of Production Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 164 Nowoursynowska St, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland
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Effect of simvastatin on sensorial, motor, and morphological parameters in sciatic nerve crush induced-neuropathic pain in rats. Inflammopharmacology 2017; 26:793-804. [PMID: 29188473 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0425-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study compares the effects of a low and high doses of simvastatin in a model of peripheral neuropathy by evaluating sensorial, motor, and morphological parameters. First, male Wistar rats were orally treated with vehicle (saline, 1 mL/kg), simvastatin (2 and 80 mg/kg) or morphine (2 mg/kg, s.c.), 1 h before 2.5% formalin injection. Neuropathic pain was induced by crushing the sciatic nerve, and mechanical and cold allodynia, nerve function, histology, MPO and NAG concentrations, as well as mevalonate induced-nociception were evaluated. Animals were orally treated with vehicle, simvastatin, or gabapentin (30 mg/kg) for 18 days. Simvastatin (2 and 80 mg/kg) reduced the inflammatory pain induced by formalin, but failed to decrease the paw edema. Mechanical allodynia was reduced by the simvastatin (2 mg/kg) until the 12th day after injury and until the 18th day by gabapentin. However, both simvastatin and gabapentin treatments failed in attenuated cold allodynia or improved motor function. Interestingly, both doses of simvastatin showed a neuroprotective effect and inhibited MPO activity without altering kidney and hepatic parameters. Additionally, only the higher dose of simvastatin reduced the cholesterol levels and the nociception induced by mevalonate. Our results reinforce the antinociceptive, antiallodynic, and anti-inflammatory effects of oral simvastatin administration, which can strongly contribute to the sciatic nerve morphology preservation. Furthermore, our data suggest that lower and higher doses of simvastatin present beneficial effects that are dependent and independent of the mevalonate pathway, respectively, without causing signs of nerve damage.
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