Administration of hemin ameliorates ovarian ischemia reperfusion injury via modulation of heme oxygenase-1 and p-JNK/p-NF-κBp65/iNOS signaling pathway

AIMS

Ovarian torsion is the fifth common gynecological emergency that can affect females of all ages particularly during reproductive age and its management by detorsion leads to ovarian ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury. Therefore, prophylactic measures are required to protect the ovarian function after detorsion. So that, our study aimed to assess the effect and underlying mechanisms of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inducer; hemin against ovarian damage induced by IR injury in rats.

MAIN METHODS

Female rats were divided into: sham group, hemin group, ovarian IR (OIR) groups with and without hemin treatment. Serum levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and interleukin 1 β (IL-1β) were measured in addition to ovarian levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Ovarian phospho-Janus kinase (p-JNK) levels and gene expressions of HO-1 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were determined. Moreover, histopathological changes and expressions of phospho-nuclear factor kappa B p65 (p-NF-κB p65) and cleaved caspase-3 were done.

KEY FINDINGS

Treatment of OIR rats with hemin led to significant attenuation of ovarian damage through histological examination which was associated with significant increase in ovarian expression of HO-1, ovarian SOD and serum GSH levels with significant decrease in ovarian p-JNK levels, expressions of p-NF-κB p65, iNOS and cleaved caspase-3 in addition to serum IL-1β levels.

SIGNIFICANCE

The protective effect of hemin can be attributed to the increased expression of HO-1 which showed antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. Therefore, hemin can be administered to prevent ovarian IR injury which occurs after detorsion.

TLR4/NF-κB/TNFα and cAMP/SIRT1 signaling cascade involved in mediating the dose-dependent effect of cilostazol in ovarian ischemia reperfusion-induced injury

BACKGROUND

One of the most dangerous gynecological emergencies is ovarian ischemia that commonly occurs during surgical manipulation or presence of ovarian masses.

OBJECTIVES

finding new therapies to prevent the associated harmful effects of ischemia/reperfusion-induced damage is still a critical need. For the first time, we aimed to evaluate the possible role of phosphodiesterase (PDE) 3 A inhibitor (PDEI), cilostazol (CLZ) in the treatment of ovarian ischemia reperfusion induced damage (OIR).

METHODS

Rats were divided into five groups; sham, OIR group; CLZ (5, 10, 20 mg/kg) was given orally with induced OIR. Different biochemical parameters were detected such as total anti-oxidant capacity (TAC), reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), sirtuin1 (SIRT1), toll like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor kappa b (NF-κB) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). In addition, histopathological features, ovarian weight changes and casapse3 immunoexpression were detected.

RESULTS

Data revealed significant increase in ovarian weight changes, MDA, TLR4, TNFα, NF-κB and caspase 3 expressions in OIR induced group. Moreover, OIR group had histopathological features of ovarian damage with depletion of cAMP, SIRT1, TAC and GSH.

CONCLUSION

CLZ could ameliorate OIR-induced damage due to PDE inhibition, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties with modulation of TLR4/NF-κB/TNFα and cAMP/SIRT1 signaling pathways.

Protective effect of pioglitazone on ovarian ischemia reperfusion injury of female rats via modulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma and heme-oxygenase 1

Ovarian torsion is a dangerous gynecological emergency condition. Early diagnosis of this case is necessary to preserve the function of the ovaries and fallopian tubes and prevent further damage. Ovarian torsion means complete or partial rotation of the adnexa with ischemia followed by reperfusion period. Ovarian torsion affects 2%-15% of patients who have surgical treatment of adnexal masses. We investigated the effect of pioglitazone (PIO) on induced ovarian ischemia reperfusion (OIR). PIO (10, 30 mg/kg) was administered orally in the presence or absence of induced OIR. We measured ovarian tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), total nitrites (NO_x), reduced glutathione (GSH), heme-oxygenase 1 (HO-1), and gene expressions of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Moreover, expression of p53 and histopathological changes were also evaluated. Results showed increase in the ovarian tissue levels of MDA and NO_x and gene expressions of p53, TNFα, and iNOS in the induced OIR group. The induced OIR group showed the histopathological changes associated with cell injury, marked ovarian edema, hemorrhage and congestion. In addition, there was reduction in the GSH, HO-1 levels and PPARγ, eNOS gene expressions. PIO was able to reduce these induced OIR changes to levels insignificant from control group. This protective effect of PIO may be attributed to its PPARγ agonist effect, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidant properties.