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Yuan F, Yin S, Xu Y, Xiang L, Wang H, Li Z, Fan K, Pan G. The Richness and Diversity of Catalases in Bacteria. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:645477. [PMID: 33815333 PMCID: PMC8017148 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.645477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalases play a key role in the defense against oxidative stress in bacteria by catalyzing the decomposition of H2O2. In addition, catalases are also involved in multiple cellular processes, such as cell development and differentiation, as well as metabolite production. However, little is known about the abundance, diversity, and distribution of catalases in bacteria. In this study, we systematically surveyed and classified the homologs of three catalase families from 2,634 bacterial genomes. It was found that both of the typical catalase and Mn-catalase families could be divided into distinct groups, while the catalase-peroxidase homologs formed a tight family. The typical catalases are rich in all the analyzed bacterial phyla except Chlorobi, in which the catalase-peroxidases are dominant. Catalase-peroxidases are rich in many phyla, but lacking in Deinococcus-Thermus, Spirochetes, and Firmicutes. Mn-catalases are found mainly in Firmicutes and Deinococcus-Thermus, but are rare in many other phyla. Given the fact that catalases were reported to be involved in secondary metabolite biosynthesis in several Streptomyces strains, the distribution of catalases in the genus Streptomyces was given more attention herein. On average, there are 2.99 typical catalases and 0.99 catalase-peroxidases in each Streptomyces genome, while no Mn-catalases were identified. To understand detailed properties of catalases in Streptomyces, we characterized all the five typical catalases from S. rimosus ATCC 10970, the oxytetracycline-producing strain. The five catalases showed typical catalase activity, but possessed different catalytic properties. Our findings contribute to the more detailed classification of catalases and facilitate further studies about their physiological roles in secondary metabolite biosynthesis and other cellular processes, which might facilitate the yield improvement of valuable secondary metabolites in engineered bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shouliang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Yang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zilong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Keqiang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guohui Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Sartorio MG, Cortez N, González JM. Structure and functional properties of the cold-adapted catalase from Acinetobacter sp. Ver3 native to the Atacama plateau in northern Argentina. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2021; 77:369-379. [PMID: 33645540 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798321000929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Heme catalases remove hydrogen peroxide by catalyzing its dismutation into water and molecular oxygen, thereby protecting the cell from oxidative damage. The Atacama plateau in northern Argentina, located 4000 m above sea level, is a desert area characterized by extreme UV radiation, high salinity and a large temperature variation between day and night. Here, the heme catalase KatE1 from an Atacama Acinetobacter sp. isolate was cloned, expressed and purified, with the aim of investigating its extremophilic properties. Kinetic and stability assays indicate that KatE1 is maximally active at 50°C in alkaline media, with a nearly unchanged specific activity between 0°C and 40°C in the pH range 5.5-11.0. In addition, its three-dimensional crystallographic structure was solved, revealing minimal structural differences compared with its mesophilic and thermophilic analogues, except for a conserved methionine residue on the distal heme side, which is proposed to comprise a molecular adaptation to oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana G Sartorio
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Suipacha 531, Rosario, S2002LRK Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Néstor Cortez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Suipacha 531, Rosario, S2002LRK Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Javier M González
- Instituto de Bionanotecnología del NOA (INBIONATEC-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero (UNSE), RN9, Km1125, Villa El Zanjón, G4206XCP Santiago del Estero, Argentina
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Barcelos MCS, Ramos CL, Kuddus M, Rodriguez-Couto S, Srivastava N, Ramteke PW, Mishra PK, Molina G. Enzymatic potential for the valorization of agro-industrial by-products. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 42:1799-1827. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-02957-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Sartorio MG, Repizo GD, Cortez N. Catalases of the polyextremophylic Andean isolate Acinetobacter sp. Ver 3 confer adaptive response to H 2 O 2 and UV radiation. FEBS J 2020; 287:4525-4539. [PMID: 32037677 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The polyextremophilic strain Acinetobacter sp. Ver3 isolated from high-altitude Andean lakes exhibits elevated tolerance to UV-B radiation and to pro-oxidants, a feature that has been correlated to its unusually high catalase activity. The Ver3 genome sequence analysis revealed the presence of two genes coding for monofunctional catalases: AV3 KatE1 and AV3 KatE2, the latter harboring an N-terminal signal peptide. We show herein that AV3 KatE1 displays one of the highest catalytic activities reported so far and is constitutively expressed at relatively high amounts in the cytosol, acting as the main protecting catalase against H2 O2 and UV-B radiation. The second catalase, AV3 KatE2, is a periplasmic enzyme strongly induced by both peroxide and UV, conferring supplementary protection against pro-oxidants. The N-terminal signal present in AV3 KatE2 was required not only for transport to the periplasm via the twin-arginine translocation pathway, but also for proper folding and subsequent catalytic activity. The analysis of catalase distribution among 114 Acinetobacter complete genomes revealed a great variability in the catalase classes, with A. baumannii clinical isolates exhibiting higher numbers of isoenzymes and the most variable profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Gabriela Sartorio
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (UNR & CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Daniel Repizo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (UNR & CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina
| | - Néstor Cortez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (UNR & CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina
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Samson M, Yang T, Omar M, Xu M, Zhang X, Alphonse U, Rao Z. Improved thermostability and catalytic efficiency of overexpressed catalase from B. pumilus ML 413 (KatX2) by introducing disulfide bond C286-C289. Enzyme Microb Technol 2018; 119:10-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Purification of camel liver catalase by zinc chelate affinity chromatography and pH gradient elution: An enzyme with interesting properties. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1070:104-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Jia X, Lin X, Lin C, Lin L, Chen J. Enhanced alkaline catalase production by Serratia marcescens FZSF01: Enzyme purification, characterization, and recombinant expression. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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de Ondarza J. Ozone Sensitivity and Catalase Activity in Pigmented and Non-Pigmented Strains of Serratia Marcescens. Open Microbiol J 2017; 11:12-22. [PMID: 28567147 PMCID: PMC5418915 DOI: 10.2174/1874285801711010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ozone exposure rapidly leads to bacterial death, making ozone an effective disinfectant in food industry and health care arena. However, microbial defenses may moderate this effect and play a role in the effective use of oxidizing agents for disinfection. Serratia marcescens is an opportunistic pathogen, expressing genes differentially during infection of a human host. A better understanding of regulatory systems that control expression of Serratia’s virulence genes and defenses is therefore valuable. Objective: Here, we investigated the role of pigmentation and catalase in Serratia marcescens on survival to ozone exposure. Method: Pigmented and non-pigmented strains of Serratia marcescens were cultured to exponential or stationary phase and exposed to 5 ppm of gaseous ozone for 2.5 – 10 minutes. Survival was calculated via plate counts. Catalase activity was measured photometrically and tolerance to hydrogen peroxide was assayed by disk-diffusion. Results: Exposure of S. marcescens to 5 ppm gaseous ozone kills > 90% of cells within 10 minutes in a time and concentration-dependent manner. Although pigmented Serratia (grown at 28°C) survived ozonation better than unpigmented Serratia (grown at 35°C), non-pigmented mutant strains of Serratia had similar ozone survival rates, catalase activity and H2O2 tolerance as wild type strains. Rather, ozone survival and catalase activity were elevated in 6 hour cultures compared to 48 hour cultures. Conclusion: Our studies did not bear out a role for prodigiosin in ozone survival. Rather, induction of oxidative stress responses during exponential growth increased both catalase activity and ozone survival in both pigmented and unpigmented S. marcescens.
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Affiliation(s)
- José de Ondarza
- Department of Biological Sciences, Plattsburgh State University of New York, NY, USA
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Cloning, Expression, and Characterization of a Novel Thermophilic Monofunctional Catalase from Geobacillus sp. CHB1. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:7535604. [PMID: 27579320 PMCID: PMC4992532 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7535604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Catalases are widely used in many scientific areas. A catalase gene (Kat) from Geobacillus sp. CHB1 encoding a monofunctional catalase was cloned and recombinant expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli), which was the first time to clone and express this type of catalase of genus Geobacillus strains as far as we know. This Kat gene was 1,467 bp in length and encoded a catalase with 488 amino acid residuals, which is only 81% similar to the previously studied Bacillus sp. catalase in terms of amino acid sequence. Recombinant catalase was highly soluble in E. coli and made up 30% of the total E. coli protein. Fermentation broth of the recombinant E. coli showed a high catalase activity level up to 35,831 U/mL which was only lower than recombinant Bacillus sp. WSHDZ-01 among the reported catalase production strains. The purified recombinant catalase had a specific activity of 40,526 U/mg and K m of 51.1 mM. The optimal reaction temperature of this recombinant enzyme was 60°C to 70°C, and it exhibited high activity over a wide range of reaction temperatures, ranging from 10°C to 90°C. The enzyme retained 94.7% of its residual activity after incubation at 60°C for 1 hour. High yield and excellent thermophilic properties are valuable features for this catalase in industrial applications.
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Yu Z, Zheng H, Zhao X, Li S, Xu J, Song H. High level extracellular production of a recombinant alkaline catalase in E. coli BL21 under ethanol stress and its application in hydrogen peroxide removal after cotton fabrics bleaching. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 214:303-310. [PMID: 27151682 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.04.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The effects of induction parameters, osmolytes and ethanol stress on the productivity of the recombinant alkaline catalase (KatA) in Escherichia coli BL21 (pET26b-KatA) were investigated. The yield of soluble KatA was significantly enhanced by 2% ethanol stress. And a certain amount of Triton X-100 supplementation could markedly improved extracellular ratio of KatA. A total soluble catalase activity of 78,762U/mL with the extracellular ratio of 92.5% was achieved by fed-batch fermentation in a 10L fermentor, which was the highest yield so far. The purified KatA showed high stability at 50°C and pH 6-10. Application of KatA for elimination of H2O2 after cotton fabrics bleaching led to less consumption of water, steam and electric power by 25%, 12% and 16.7% respectively without productivity and quality losing of cotton fabrics. Thus, the recombinant KatA is a promising candidate for industrial production and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxiao Yu
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory for Industrial Biological Systems and Bioprocessing Engineering, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Hongchen Zheng
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory for Industrial Biological Systems and Bioprocessing Engineering, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Xingya Zhao
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory for Industrial Biological Systems and Bioprocessing Engineering, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Shufang Li
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory for Industrial Biological Systems and Bioprocessing Engineering, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Jianyong Xu
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory for Industrial Biological Systems and Bioprocessing Engineering, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Hui Song
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory for Industrial Biological Systems and Bioprocessing Engineering, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China.
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Heterologous expression and characterization of a new heme-catalase in Bacillus subtilis 168. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 43:729-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-016-1758-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is an inherent consequence to all aerobically living organisms that might lead to the cells being lethal and susceptible to oxidative stress. Bacillus pumilus is characterized by high-resistance oxidative stress that stimulated our interest to investigate the heterologous expression and characterization of heme-catalase as potential biocatalyst. Results indicated that recombinant enzyme significantly exhibited the high catalytic activity of 55,784 U/mg expressed in Bacillus subtilis 168 and 98.097 µmol/min/mg peroxidatic activity, the apparent K m of catalytic activity was 59.6 ± 13 mM with higher turnover rate (K cat = 322.651 × 103 s−1). The pH dependence of catalatic and peroxidatic activity was pH 7.0 and pH 4.5 respectively with temperature dependence of 40 °C and the recombinant heme-catalase exhibited a strong Fe2+ preference. It was further revealed that catalase KatX2 improved the resistance oxidative stress of B. subtilis. These findings suggest that this B. pumilus heme-catalase can be considered among the industrially relevant biocatalysts due to its exceptional catalytic rate and high stability and it can be a potential candidate for the improvement of oxidative resistance of industrially produced strains.
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Carbon-Starvation Induces Cross-Resistance to Thermal, Acid, and Oxidative Stress in Serratia marcescens. Microorganisms 2015; 3:746-58. [PMID: 27682115 PMCID: PMC5023268 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms3040746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The broad host-range pathogen Serratia marcescens survives in diverse host and non-host environments, often enduring conditions in which the concentration of essential nutrients is growth-limiting. In such environments, carbon and energy source starvation (carbon-starvation) is one of the most common forms of stress encountered by S. marcescens. Related members of the family Enterobacteriaceae are known to undergo substantial changes in gene expression and physiology in response to the specific stress of carbon-starvation, enabling non-spore-forming cells to survive periods of prolonged starvation and exposure to other forms of stress (i.e., starvation-induced cross-resistance). To determine if carbon-starvation also results in elevated levels of cross-resistance in S. marcescens, both log-phase and carbon-starved cultures, depleted of glucose before the onset of high cell-density stationary-phase, were grown in minimal media at either 30 °C or 37 °C and were then challenged for resistance to high temperature (50 °C), low pH (pH 2.8), and oxidative stress (15 mM H2O2). In general, carbon-starved cells exhibited a higher level of resistance to thermal stress, acid stress, and oxidative stress compared to log-phase cells. The extent of carbon-starvation-induced cross-resistance was dependent on incubation temperature and on the particular strain of S. marcescens. In addition, strain- and temperature-dependent variations in long-term starvation survival were also observed. The enhanced stress-resistance of starved S. marcescens cells could be an important factor in their survival and persistence in many non-host environments and within certain host microenvironments where the availability of carbon sources is suboptimal for growth.
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Characterization of an acid-stable catalase KatB isolated from Bacillus altitudinis SYBC hb4. ANN MICROBIOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-015-1089-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Sooch BS, Kauldhar BS, Puri M. Recent insights into microbial catalases: Isolation, production and purification. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 32:1429-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Cao W, Kang Z, Liu S, Liu L, Du G, Chen J. Improved catalytic efficiency of catalase from Bacillus subtilis by rational mutation of Lys114. Process Biochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2014.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Purification and characterization of catalase from marine bacterium Acinetobacter sp. YS0810. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:409626. [PMID: 25045672 PMCID: PMC4087297 DOI: 10.1155/2014/409626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The catalase from marine bacterium Acinetobacter sp. YS0810 (YS0810CAT) was purified and characterized. Consecutive steps were used to achieve the purified enzyme as follows: ethanol precipitation, DEAE Sepharose ion exchange, Superdex 200 gel filtration, and Resource Q ion exchange. The active enzyme consisted of four identical subunits of 57.256 kDa. It showed a Soret peak at 405 nm, indicating the presence of iron protoporphyrin IX. The catalase was not apparently reduced by sodium dithionite but was inhibited by 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, and sodium azide. Peroxidase-like activity was not found with the substrate o-phenylenediamine. So the catalase was determined to be a monofunctional catalase. N-terminal amino acid of the catalase analysis gave the sequence SQDPKKCPVTHLTTE, which showed high degree of homology with those of known catalases from bacteria. The analysis of amino acid sequence of the purified catalase by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry showed that it was a new catalase, in spite of its high homology with those of known catalases from other bacteria. The catalase showed high alkali stability and thermostability.
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Xiong W, Sun Y, Zou M, Muhammad RUH. Molecular cloning, characterization of CAT, and eco-toxicological effects of dietary zinc oxide on antioxidant enzymes in Eisenia fetida. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:1746-1755. [PMID: 23263762 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-1408-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The full-length cDNA of catalase (EfCAT) from Eisenia fetida was cloned (GenBank accession no. JN617999). Sequence characterization revealed that EfCAT protein sequence contained proximal heme-ligand signature sequence ((351)RLFSYSDTH(359)), two glycosylation sites (N(145) and N(436)), the proximal active site signature ((61)FDRERIPERVVHAKGAGA(78)), and 12 amino acids (N(145), H(191), F(195), S(198), R(200), N(210), Y(212), K(234), I(299), W(300), Q(302), and Y(355)), which were identified as putative residues involved in NADPH binding. These conserved motifs and catalase signature sequences were essential for the structure and function of EfCAT. The present study also investigated the effect of the veterinary food additive zinc oxide on antioxidant processes in E. fetida, at different concentrations and exposure durations. A significant increase (by 106.0 % compared to controls) in CAT activity at 500 mg/kg was registered at day 15. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity at 500 mg/kg increased to the maximum value (by 44.0 %) measured at day 15. There was a significant increase in glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity for all concentrations after 5 days. The results showed that dietary Zn (500 mg/kg) causes oxidative damage to earthworms. At early stages of earthworms exposed to ZnO, GPx is the main enzyme to impair the oxidative status; while at later stages the enzymes CAT and SOD were the main indicators of oxidative stress. The antioxidant enzymatic variations may be an adaptive response of earthworms to survive in contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenguang Xiong
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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