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Gurung A, Napit R, Shrestha B, Lekhak B. Carbapenem Resistance in Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii Complex Isolates From Kathmandu Model Hospital, Nepal, Is Attributed to the Presence of bla OXA-23-like and bla NDM-1 Genes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 2024:8842625. [PMID: 39161641 PMCID: PMC11333142 DOI: 10.1155/2024/8842625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
The Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii (ACB) complex, also known as ACB complex, consists of four bacterial species that can cause opportunistic infections in humans, especially in hospital settings. Conventional therapies for susceptible strains of the ACB complex include broad-spectrum cephalosporins, β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors, and carbapenems. Unfortunately, the effectiveness of these antibiotics has declined due to increasing rates of resistance. The predominant resistance mechanisms identified in the ACB complex involve carbapenem-resistant (CR) oxacillinases and metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs). This research, conducted at Kathmandu Model Hospital in Nepal, sought to identify genes associated with CR, specifically blaNDM-1, blaOXA-23-like, and blaOXA-24-like genes in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii (CR-ACB) complex. Additionally, the study is aimed at identifying the ACB complex through the sequencing of the 16s rRNA gene. Among the 992 samples collected from hospitalized patients, 43 (approximately 4.334%) tested positive for the ACB complex. These positive samples were mainly obtained from different hospital units, including intensive care units (ICUs); cabins; and neonatal, general, and maternity wards. The prevalence of infection was higher among males (58.14%) than females (41.86%), with the 40-50 age group showing the highest infection rate. In susceptibility testing, colistin and polymyxin B exhibited a susceptibility rate of 100%, whereas all samples showed resistance to third-generation cephalosporins. After polymyxins, gentamicin (30.23%) and amikacin (34.88%) demonstrated the highest susceptibility. A substantial majority (81.45%) of ACB complex isolates displayed resistance to carbapenems, with respiratory and pus specimens being the primary sources. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revealed that the primary CR gene within the ACB complex at this hospital was bla OXA-23-like, followed by bla NDM-1. To ensure the accuracy of the phenotypic assessment, 12 samples were chosen for 16s rRNA sequencing using Illumina MiSeq™ to confirm that they are Acinetobacter species. QIIME 2.0 analysis confirmed all 12 isolates to be Acinetobacter species. In the hospital setting, a substantial portion of the ACB complex carries CR genes, rendering carbapenem ineffective for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Gurung
- Central Department of MicrobiologyTribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Rajindra Napit
- Central Department of BiotechnologyTribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Basudha Shrestha
- Department of MicrobiologyKathmandu Model Hospital, Putalisadak, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Binod Lekhak
- Central Department of MicrobiologyTribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
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Li X, Lin Y, Chen Y, Sui H, Chen J, Li J, Zhang G, Yan Y. The effects of race and probiotic supplementation on the intestinal microbiota of 10-km open-water swimmers. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22735. [PMID: 38144321 PMCID: PMC10746432 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study collected the stools of 10-km open-water swimmers after race and probiotic supplementation, and 16S rRNA sequencing and metabolomic analysis were performed to clarify their intestinal microbiota characteristics. The findings revealed a relatively high proportion of Firmicutes in all the athletes. Firmicutes in female athletes were significantly higher after probiotic supplementation. The intestinal microbiota of athletes was closely associated with the pathways of exercise against cancer, exercise against aging, exercise for improving cognition, sphingolipid metabolism and endocrine resistance. Future research should focus on the relationship between Firmicutes and Proteobacteria with super class metabolites in athletes. This report initially explored the changes in intestinal microbiota involved in metabolic pathways in athletes after race and after probiotic supplementation and provided a theoretical basis for the further improvement of the monitoring of their physical function after race and selection of nutritional strategies during exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehan Li
- Sport Science School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Yihsuan Lin
- Sport Science School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Sport Science School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongtao Sui
- Sport Science School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhao Chen
- Sport Science School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Sport Science School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- Shandong Swimming Sports Management Center, Shandong, China
| | - Yi Yan
- Sport Science School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Physical Fitness (Beijing Sport University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Sports Stress and Adaptation of General Administration of Sport, Beijing, China
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Selvarajan R, Sibanda T, Pandian J, Mearns K. Taxonomic and Functional Distribution of Bacterial Communities in Domestic and Hospital Wastewater System: Implications for Public and Environmental Health. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10091059. [PMID: 34572642 PMCID: PMC8470611 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10091059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The discharge of untreated hospital and domestic wastewater into receiving water bodies is still a prevalent practice in developing countries. Unfortunately, because of an ever-increasing population of people who are perennially under medication, these wastewaters contain residues of antibiotics and other antimicrobials as well as microbial shedding, the direct and indirect effects of which include the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes and an increase in the evolution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria that pose a threat to public and environmental health. This study assessed the taxonomic and functional profiles of bacterial communities, as well as the antibiotic concentrations in untreated domestic wastewater (DWW) and hospital wastewater (HWW), using high-throughput sequencing analysis and solid-phase extraction coupled to Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS) analysis, respectively. The physicochemical qualities of both wastewater systems were also determined. The mean concentration of antibiotics and the concentrations of Cl−, F− and PO43 were higher in HWW samples than in DWW samples. The phylum Firmicutes was dominant in DWW with a sequence coverage of 59.61% while Proteobacteria was dominant in HWW samples with a sequence coverage of 86.32%. At genus level, the genus Exiguobacterium (20.65%) and Roseomonas (67.41%) were predominant in DWW and HWW samples, respectively. Several pathogenic or opportunistic bacterial genera were detected in HWW (Enterococcus, Pseudomonas and Vibrio) and DWW (Clostridium, Klebsiella, Corynebacterium, Bordetella, Staphylocccus and Rhodococcus) samples. Functional prediction analysis indicated the presence of beta-lactam resistance, cationic antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) resistance and vancomycin resistance genes in HWW samples. The presence of these antibiotic resistance genes and cassettes were positively correlated with the presence of pathogens. These findings show the risk posed to public and environmental health by the discharge of untreated domestic and hospital wastewaters into environmental water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramganesh Selvarajan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, UNISA, Florida 1709, South Africa;
- Correspondence:
| | - Timothy Sibanda
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Namibia, Mandume Ndemufayo Ave, Pionierspark, Windhoek 13301, Namibia;
| | - Jeevan Pandian
- P.G and Research Department of Microbiology, J.J College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Pudukkottai 622422, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Kevin Mearns
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, UNISA, Florida 1709, South Africa;
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The Occurrence and Characterization of Class I, II, and III Integrons Among Carbapenemase-Producing Clinical Strains of Acinetobacter baumannii in Tehran, Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.117766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as a critical pathogen with high morbidity and mortality in long-term hospitalized patients who stay in intensive care units. Carbapenemases and integrons are two critical DNA elements that contribute to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) A. baumannii. Objectives: The current study aimed at characterization and molecular detection of class 1, 2, and 3 integrons among carbapenemase-producing A. baumannii strains recovered from a clinical setting in Tehran, Iran. Methods: A total of 65 non-replicated clinical strains were considered in this study. Class 1, 2, and 3 carbapenemase genes and clonal relatedness of the isolates were investigated by PCR assay. Results: The prevalence of carbapenemases was as follows: blaOXA23 (92.31%), blaVIM (69.23%), and blaNDM (1.54%). In addition, PCR sequencing confirmed the presence of gene cassette arrays consisting of aacA4-catB8-aadA1 (12/46, 26.09%), aadB-aadA1 (26.09%, 12/46), arr2-cm1A5 (30.43%, 14/46), and dfrA1-aadA1 (7.39%, 8/46) in class 1 integron and dfrA1-sat2 (52.94%, 9/17), and sat2-aadA1 (47.06%, 8/17) in class 2 integron. Sequence-based typing of both blaOXA-51-like and ampC revealed the following distribution of three different clone types among isolates: clonal complex (CC) 10 (46.15%, 30/65), CC2 (40%, 26/65), and CC3 (13.85%, 9/65). Statistical analysis showed that the presence of the intI1, blaOXA23, blaVIM, or blaNDM genes can significantly increase the acquiring MDR phenotypes in A. baumannii isolates. Conclusions: High prevalence of carbapenemase-producing A. baumannii harboring integrons is alarming public health. It seems that class 1 integron can be served as a predictive biomarker for the presence of MDR phenotypes in the clinical setting. However, integrons do not carry carbapenemases in these strains.
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Khaledi M, Shahini Shams Abadi M, Validi M, Zamanzad B, Vafapour R, Gholipour A. Phenotypic and genotypic detection of metallo-β-lactamases in A. baumanii isolates obtained from clinical samples in Shahrekord, southwest Iran. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:597. [PMID: 31533853 PMCID: PMC6751628 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4636-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acinetobacter baumanii is a pathogenic bacterium that is the cause of many nosocomial infections. This study aimed to determine metallo-β-lactamases (MBL) produced by the A. baumanii isolates obtained from clinical samples in Shahrekord, southwest Iran. RESULTS A total of 100 A. baumanii were isolated from 250 clinical samples between June 2013 and June 2014. Then, the isolates were identified by biochemical tests, and MBL screening was conducted by the phenotypic tests modified Hodge, EDTA-disk synergy (EDS), combined disk (CD) and AmpC disc after antibiotic sensitivity test. Using PCR technique the bla genes were detected. Eighty-five (85%) isolates were resistant to meropenem and imipenem. Phenotypic tests showed that out of the 100 isolates, 46, 59, 50, 65 and 65 isolates were positive: AmpC disk, CD, EDS, Modified Hodge and E-test MBL respectively. Gene detection by PCR showed that 23 isolates carried the VIM-1 gene and only three isolates carried the IMP-1 gene. The prevalence of metallo-β-lactamases isolates containing A. baumanii is increasing. Furthermore, the coexistence of various carbapenemases is dominantly act as a major problem. Continuous monitoring of the infections related to these bacteria should be considered to plan an alternative and new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoor Khaledi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Milad Shahini Shams Abadi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Majid Validi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Behnam Zamanzad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Rezvan Vafapour
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Abolfazl Gholipour
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Islamic Republic of Iran
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Villela HDM, Peixoto RS, Soriano AU, Carmo FL. Microbial bioremediation of oil contaminated seawater: A survey of patent deposits and the characterization of the top genera applied. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 666:743-758. [PMID: 30812008 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Petroleum has been the world's major source of energy since the middle of the twentieth century, leading to positive changes but also social, political, and environmental problems worldwide. Oil contamination affects all ecosystems, and the remediation of polluted sites using environmentally friendly strategies is crucial. Here, we report an analysis of the patent documents of potential petroleum bioremediation techniques that use microbes to clean seawater. The patent search was performed using Orbit Intelligence®, SciFinder® and the Derwent World Patents Index®. A group of 500 patent documents were validated according to the search objective and carefully studied. Increases in patent deposits coincide with periods following widely reported oil spills, suggesting a relationship between media disclosure and stimulation of innovation activities. China leads the list of countries with patent applications in bioremediation with 152 deposits, followed by Russia with 133 and the US with 48. These three countries have completely different temporal deposit profiles, influenced by their historical, political, and economic scenarios. A total of 368 patents described degradation of the oil compounds exclusively by bacteria, 24 by fungi and yeasts, 1 by Archaea, 1 using a microalgal strain, and 32 by mixed consortia. The leading microbial genera found in the patents are Pseudomonas (114 patents), Bacillus (75), and Rhodococcus (60). In the top-10 list of microbial strains mostly cited/claimed, no genera are obligate hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria. This fact, together with the broad pattern found in the main International Patent Classification (IPC) codes, suggest that most of the documents are general bioremediation approaches and not focused on oil-polluted seawater. This work highlights the importance of stimulating the development of innovative environmentally friendly strategies focused on the degradation of oil hydrocarbons in marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena D M Villela
- Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 CCS, Bl E, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Raquel S Peixoto
- Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 CCS, Bl E, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil; IMAM-AquaRio - Rio Marine Aquarium Research Center, Praça Muhammad Ali, Gambôa, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20220-360, Brazil
| | - Adriana U Soriano
- Leopoldo A. Miguez de Mello Research and Development Center, CENPES, PETROBRAS - Petroleo Brasileiro S. A, CENPES, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-598, Brazil
| | - Flavia L Carmo
- Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 CCS, Bl E, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil; Innovation Agency UFRJ, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. R. Hélio de Almeida, s/n - Incubadora de Empresas - Prédio 2 (salas 25 a 29), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-614, Brazil
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Wang Q, Wang P, Yang Q. Occurrence and diversity of antibiotic resistance in untreated hospital wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 621:990-999. [PMID: 29054666 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics, antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs), and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) have been reported in many environments. However, the investigation of their occurrence and diversity in untreated hospital wastewater is still insufficient. High concentrations of antibiotic residues were found in hospital wastewater using solid-phase extraction and UPLC-MS/MS analysis. The concentrations of six of 14 antibiotics reached μg/L levels in the hospital wastewater, which is higher than reported in other aquatic environments. Results of high-throughput sequencing analysis indicated that sequences affiliated to genera Escherichia and Acinetobacter were the predominant in the cultivable multiple-antibiotic-resistant bacteria (CMARB) recovered from the wastewater of three hospitals in China, with compositions of 34%-74%. Notably, several genera containing clinically pathogenic or opportunistic CMARB (e.g., Escherichia, Acinetobacter, Aeromonas, Myroides, Enterococcus, Proteus, Pseudomonas, and Streptococcus) were detected at high relative abundances in the wastewaters of the three hospitals. High-capacity quantitative PCR showed that 131-139 unique ARGs of the 178 targeted genes were detected in the hospital wastewaters. The high prevalence of five MGEs and 12 ARGs was confirmed with qPCR, and some positive correlations between ARGs and MGEs were identified, such as between intI1 and qnrD, intI2 and sul3, intI3 and tetX, Tn916/Tn1545 and sul2, and ISCR1 and sul3. These results suggest that highly abundant antibiotic-resistant pathogens and highly mobile ARGs already exist in the human body, and that their release from hospitals without effective treatment poses high risks to environments and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; Key Laboratory for Microorganisms and Functional Molecules (Henan Normal University), University of Henan Province, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Panliang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Qingxiang Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; Key Laboratory for Microorganisms and Functional Molecules (Henan Normal University), University of Henan Province, Xinxiang 453007, China.
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Xia W, Xu T, Qin T, Li P, Liu Y, Kang H, Gu B, Ma P. Characterization of integrons and novel cassette arrays in bacteria from clinical isloates in China, 2000-2014. J Biomed Res 2016; 30:292-303. [PMID: 27533938 PMCID: PMC4946320 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.30.20150153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes among bacterial isolates is an increasing problem in China. Integron, a conserved DNA sequence, which is carried on episomal genetic structures, plays a very important role in development of antibiotic resistance. This systematic analysis was based on MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. We summarized the distribution and proportion of different types of gene cassette arrays of integrons (including class 1, 2, 3 and atypical class 1 integron) from clinical bacteria isolates in China. Fifty-six literatures were included in this study. Most of the strains were Gram-negative bacteria (94.1%, 7,364/7,822) while only 5.9% strains were Gram-positive bacteria. Class 1 integrons were detected in 54.2% (3956/7295) Gram-negative strains. aadA2 was the most popular gene cassette array detected from 60 Gram-positive bacteria while dfrA17-aadA5 were detected in 426 Gram-negative bacteria. This study identified 12 novel gene cassette arrays which have not been previously found in any species. All the novel gene cassette arrays were detected from Gram-negative bacteria. A regional characteristic of distribution of integrons was presented in this study. The results highlight a need for continuous surveillance of integrons and provide a guide for future research on integron-mediated bacteria resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Xia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.,National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.,National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Tingting Qin
- Medical Technology Institute of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Pengpeng Li
- Medical Technology Institute of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Medical Technology Institute of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Haiquan Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Bing Gu
- Medical Technology Institute of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China;
| | - Ping Ma
- Medical Technology Institute of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
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Shoja S, Moosavian M, Rostami S, Abbasi F, Tabatabaiefar MA, Peymani A. Characterization of Oxacillinase and Metallo-β-Lactamas Genes and Molecular Typing of Clinical Isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii in Ahvaz, South-West of Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2016; 9:e32388. [PMID: 27540456 PMCID: PMC4976075 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.32388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii is an important nosocomial pathogen associated with a variety of infections. Objectives: The current study aimed to characterize the antimicrobial susceptibility, analyze the prevalence of oxacillinase and metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) genes and molecular typing of clinical isolates of A. baumannii. Materials and Methods: A total of 124 non-repetitive isolates of A. baumannii were collected from various clinical specimens in two teaching hospitals in Ahvaz, south-west of Iran. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was carried out by disk diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of imipenem, meropenem, colistin and tigecycline were determined using E-test. To screen for MBL production, double disk synergy (DDs) test and MBL E-test were performed. The presence of blaOXA-23-like, blaOXA-24-like, blaOXA-51-like, blaOXA-58-like, blaVIM, blaIMP and blaSPM genes was assessed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). To identify clonal relatedness, all isolates were subjected to repetitive sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) Results: Based on disk diffusion results, the highest rate of resistance was observed in rifampin (96.8%). Colistin and polymyxin-B were the most effective agents in vitro. According to the MIC results, the rate of resistance to imipenem, meropenem, colistin and tigecycline were 78.2%, 73.4%, 0.8% and 0, respectively. Metallo-β-lactamase production was positive in 42.3% and 79.4% of the isolates by DDs test and E-test, respectively. All isolates (100%) carried blaOXA-51-like gene. According to the results of multiplex PCR, blaOXA-23-like and blaOXA-24-like genes were detected in 85.6% and 6.2% of carbapenem resistant isolates, respectively. No blaOXA-58- like, blaVIM, blaIMP and blaSPM were detected. By rep-PCR, carbapenem resistant isolates were separated into six genotypes (A to F). Genotype A (30.9%) was the most prevalent (P value < 0.001). Genotypes B and C were found in 28.9% and 26.8% of the isolates, respectively. Conclusions: The rate of carbapenem resistant A. baumannii isolates were high in this study. Since, blaOXA-58-like or MBL genes were not detected, it seems that resistance to carbapenems is related to blaOXA-23-like and blaOXA-24-like. Moreover, blaOXA-23-like was the most prevalent oxacillinase (OXA) gene. Most of the isolates belonged to one of the four dominant genotypes indicating clonal dissemination in the hospitals under study. In order to control the spread of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii, infection- control strategies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Shoja
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Saeed Shoja, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box: 7919693116, Bandar Abbas, IR Iran. Tel: +98-7633668357, E-mail:
| | - Mojtaba Moosavian
- Microbiology Department, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | - Soodabeh Rostami
- Nosocomial Infections Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Fariba Abbasi
- Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Tabatabaiefar
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Amir Peymani
- Microbiology Department, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, IR Iran
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"Roar" of blaNDM-1 and "silence" of blaOXA-58 co-exist in Acinetobacter pittii. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8976. [PMID: 25755005 PMCID: PMC5155454 DOI: 10.1038/srep08976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter pittii 44551 was recovered from a patient with gout combined with tuberculosis and was found to harbor the carbapenemase genes blaNDM-1 and blaOXA-58 on two different plasmids pNDM-44551 and pOXA58-44551, respectively. pNDM-44551 displayed high self-transferability across multiple bacterial species, while pOXA58-44551 was likely co-transferable with pNDM-44551 into A. baumannii receipts. pNDM-44551 was a close variant of the previously characterized pNDM-BJ01, and the blaNDM-1 gene cluster was arranged sequentially as orfA, ISAba14, aphA6, ISAba125, blaNDM-1, bleMBL, ΔtrpF, dsbC, tnpR, and zeta. pOXA58-44551 was a repAci9-containing plasmid, and blaOXA-58 was embedded in a 372F-ISAba3-like-blaOXA-58-ISAba3 structure. The mobile genetic platforms of blaNDM-1 and blaOXA-58 herein showed some differences from their previously characterized variants. The production of NDM-1 in strain 44551 contributed the majority to its high resistance to carbapenems, while the blaOXA-58 stayed silent most likely due to the lack of an upstream promoter to drive its transcription. Increased surveillance of Acinetobacter co-harboring blaNDM-1 (active) and blaOXA-58 (either active or silent) is urgently needed.
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Ji S, Chen Y, Ruan Z, Fu Y, Ji J, Fu Y, Wang H, Yu Y. Prevalence of carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D β-lactamase genes in Acinetobacter spp. isolates in China. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2013; 33:989-97. [PMID: 24374815 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-013-2037-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In order to assess the prevalence of carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D β-lactamase genes in Acinetobacter spp. isolates in China, we conducted a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based surveillance of OXA-type β-lactamase gene clusters for a total of 2,880 Acinetobacter spp. isolates collected from 23 Chinese provinces. All isolates were tested for susceptibility to 12 antimicrobial agents and showed high rates of resistance to all these agents except minocycline. We also found that the vast majority of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp. were OXA-23-like-producing isolates, predominantly Acinetobacter baumannii isolates. Besides, bla OXA-58-like and bla OXA-24-like genes were detected in 32 and 11 isolates, respectively, involving many provinces throughout China. Furthermore, these two carbapenem-resistance determinants were located on transferable plasmids in most cases, indicating an emerging threat for both OXA-58-like- and OXA-24-like-producing Acinetobacter spp. isolates in China. Interestingly, a novel homologue of the bla OXA-143 gene was identified in a susceptible Acinetobacter pittii isolate. Overall, these observations suggest that the bla OXA-23-harboring A. baumannii isolates are the most frequent carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp. in China, and the bla OXA-24-like and bla OXA-58-like genes have emerged as potential threats of hospital outbreaks of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ji
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Gao J, Zhao X, Bao Y, Ma R, Zhou Y, Li X, Chai T, Cai Y. Antibiotic resistance and OXA-type carbapenemases-encoding genes in airborne Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from burn wards. Burns 2013; 40:295-9. [PMID: 23886986 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The study was conducted to investigate drug resistance, OXA-type carbapenemases-encoding genes and genetic diversity in airborne Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) in burn wards. Airborne A. baumannii were collected in burn wards and their corridors using Andersen 6-stage air sampler from January to June 2011. The isolates susceptibility to 13 commonly used antibiotics was examined according to the CLSI guidelines; OXA-type carbapenemases-encoding genes and molecular diversity of isolates were analyzed, respectively. A total of 16 non-repetitive A. baumannii were isolated, with 10 strains having a resistance rate of greater than 50% against the 13 antibiotics. The resistance rate against ceftriaxone, cyclophosvnamide, ciprofloxacin, and imipenem was 93.75% (15/16), but no isolate observed to be resistant to cefoperazone/sulbactam. Resistance gene analyses showed that all 16 isolates carried OXA-51, and 15 isolates carried OXA-23 except No.15; but OXA-24 and OXA-58 resistance genes not detected. The isolates were classified into 13 genotypes (A-M) according to repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence PCR (REP-PCR) results and only six isolates had a homology ≥90%. In conclusion, airborne A. baumannii in the burn wards had multidrug resistance and complex molecular diversity, and OXA-23 and OXA-51 were dominant mechanisms for resisting carbapenems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, China, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province, Tai'an Shandong, China; Tai'an City Central Hospital, Tai'an, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, China, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province, Tai'an Shandong, China
| | - Ying Bao
- Tai'an City Central Hospital, Tai'an, China
| | - Ruihua Ma
- Affiliated Hospital of the Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yufa Zhou
- Daiyue Husbandry Bureau of Tai'an, Tai'an, China
| | - Xinxian Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, China, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province, Tai'an Shandong, China; Tai'an City Central Hospital, Tai'an, China; Affiliated Hospital of the Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China; Daiyue Husbandry Bureau of Tai'an, Tai'an, China
| | - Tongjie Chai
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, China, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province, Tai'an Shandong, China.
| | - Yumei Cai
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, China, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province, Tai'an Shandong, China.
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