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Lu Z, Liu N, Huang H, Wang Y, Tu T, Qin X, Wang X, Zhang J, Su X, Tian J, Bai Y, Luo H, Yao B, Zhang H. Recombinant expression of IGF-1 and LR3 IGF-1 fused with xylanase in Pichia pastoris. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s00253-023-12606-0. [PMID: 37261455 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12606-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a pleiotropic protein hormone and has become an attractive therapeutic target because of its multiple roles in various physiological processes, including growth, development, and metabolism. However, its production is hindered by low heterogenous protein expression levels in various expression systems and hard to meet the needs of clinical and scientific research. Here, we report that human IGF-1 and its analog Long R3 IGF-1 (LR3 IGF-1) are recombinant expressed and produced in the Pichia pastoris (P. pastoris) expression system through being fused with highly expressed xylanase XynCDBFV. Furthermore, purified IGF-1 and LR3 IGF-1 display excellent bioactivity of cell proliferation compared to the standard IGF-1. Moreover, higher heterologous expression levels of the fusion proteins XynCDBFV-IGF-1 and XynCDBFV-LR3 IGF-1 are achieved by fermentation in a 15-L bioreactor, reaching up to about 0.5 g/L XynCDBFV-IGF-1 and 1 g/L XynCDBFV-TEV-LR3 IGF-1. Taken together, high recombinant expression of bioactive IGF-1 and LR3 IGF-1 is acquired with the assistance of xylanase as a fusion partner in P. pastoris, which could be used for both clinical and scientific applications. KEY POINTS: • Human IGF-1 and LR3 IGF-1 are produced in the P. pastoris expression system. • Purified IGF-1 and LR3 IGF-1 show bioactivity comparable to the standard IGF-1. • High heterologous expression of IGF-1 and LR3 IGF-1 is achieved by fermentation in a bioreactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zequn Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Ning Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Huoqing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tao Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xing Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaolu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaoyun Su
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jian Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yingguo Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huiying Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Bin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Honglian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Cloning, expression, and characterization of a recombinant xylanase from Bacillus sonorensis T6. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265647. [PMID: 35298551 PMCID: PMC8929556 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Xylanase is one of industrial enzymes with diverse applications including the paper-bleaching industry and feed additives. Here, a strain having xylanolytic activity and identified as Bacillus sonorensis T6 was isolated from soil. A secretory enzyme was identified by mass-spectrometry as a xylanase of glycosyl hydrolase family 11, with a molecular weight of 23.3 kDa. The xylanase gene of Bacillus sonorensis T6 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli (yielding an enzyme designated as rXynT6-E) and in Pichia pastoris (yielding rXynT6-P). The recombinant xylanases were found to have optimal activity at 47–55°C and pH 6.0–7.0. The recombinant xylanase expressed in P. pastoris has 40% higher thermal stability than that expressed in E. coli. The recombinant xylanases retained 100% of activity after 10 h incubation in the pH range 3–11 and 68% of activity after 1 h at pH 2.0. The xylanase activities of rXynT6-E and rXynT6-P under optimal conditions were 1030.2 and 873.8 U/mg, respectively. The good stability in a wide range of pH and moderate temperatures may make the xylanase from Bacillus sonorensis T6 useful for various biotechnological applications, e.g., as an enzyme additive in the feed industry.
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Cai J, Chen XL, Fan JX, Huang XM, Li R, Sun XD, Li QQ, Li DY. Cloning and Heterologous Expression of a Novel Xylanase Gene TAX1 from Trichoderma atroviride and Its Application in the Deconstruction of Corn Stover. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:3029-3044. [PMID: 33970424 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03582-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Xylanase plays a vital role in the efficient utilization of xylan, which accounts for up to 30% of plant dry matter. However, the production cost of xylanase remains high, and the enzymatic characteristics of xylanases of most microorganisms are not suitable for industrial production. Therefore, it is of great significance to discover and develop new and efficient xylanases. In this study, the xylanase gene TAX1 (672 bp cDNA) was cloned from Trichoderma atroviride 3.3013 and expressed in Pichia pastoris. The TAX1 gene encoded a 223-amino acid protein (TAX1) with a molecular weight of 24.2 kDa which showed high similarity to glycoside hydrolase family 11. Enzyme activity assay verified that the recombinant xylanase TAX1 had optimal activity (215.3 IU/mL) at 50°C and pH 6.0. Stable working conditions were measured as pH 4.0-7.0 and 40-60°C. By adding Zn2+, the relative enzymatic activity of recombinant TAX1 was enhanced by 26%. The recombinant xylanase showed high activity toward birchwood xylan and corn stover. The Km and Kcat for xylan and corn stover were 0.36 mg/mL and 0.204 S-1 and 0.48 mg/mL and 0.149 S-1, respectively. The enzymatic activity of the TAX1 produced by P. pastoris was about 2.4-4 times higher that directly isolated from T. atroviride, so engineered P. pastoris for xylanase production could be an ideal candidate for industrial enzyme production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Cai
- Heilongjiang Vocational College of Agricultural Technology, Jiamusi, 154007, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Ling Chen
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Xia Fan
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
- The College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Mei Huang
- Heilongjiang Vocational College of Agricultural Technology, Jiamusi, 154007, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rui Li
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-Dong Sun
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Qing Li
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Yu Li
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
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Ruchala J, Sibirny AA. Pentose metabolism and conversion to biofuels and high-value chemicals in yeasts. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2020; 45:6034013. [PMID: 33316044 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuaa069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pentose sugars are widespread in nature and two of them, D-xylose and L-arabinose belong to the most abundant sugars being the second and third by abundance sugars in dry plant biomass (lignocellulose) and in general on planet. Therefore, it is not surprising that metabolism and bioconversion of these pentoses attract much attention. Several different pathways of D-xylose and L-arabinose catabolism in bacteria and yeasts are known. There are even more common and really ubiquitous though not so abundant pentoses, D-ribose and 2-deoxy-D-ribose, the constituents of all living cells. Thus, ribose metabolism is example of endogenous metabolism whereas metabolism of other pentoses, including xylose and L-arabinose, represents examples of the metabolism of foreign exogenous compounds which normally are not constituents of yeast cells. As a rule, pentose degradation by the wild-type strains of microorganisms does not lead to accumulation of high amounts of valuable substances; however, productive strains have been obtained by random selection and metabolic engineering. There are numerous reviews on xylose and (less) L-arabinose metabolism and conversion to high value substances; however, they mostly are devoted to bacteria or the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This review is devoted to reviewing pentose metabolism and bioconversion mostly in non-conventional yeasts, which naturally metabolize xylose. Pentose metabolism in the recombinant strains of S. cerevisiae is also considered for comparison. The available data on ribose, xylose, L-arabinose transport, metabolism, regulation of these processes, interaction with glucose catabolism and construction of the productive strains of high-value chemicals or pentose (ribose) itself are described. In addition, genome studies of the natural xylose metabolizing yeasts and available tools for their molecular research are reviewed. Metabolism of other pentoses (2-deoxyribose, D-arabinose, lyxose) is briefly reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Ruchala
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza 4, Rzeszow 35-601, Poland.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Cell Biology NAS of Ukraine, Drahomanov Street, 14/16, Lviv 79005, Ukraine
| | - Andriy A Sibirny
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza 4, Rzeszow 35-601, Poland.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Cell Biology NAS of Ukraine, Drahomanov Street, 14/16, Lviv 79005, Ukraine
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Mel’kina OE, Sineoky SP. Prospects for the Use of Methylotrophic Yeast in the Creation of Industrial Producers of Feed Enzymes. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683820080050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Hao S, Liu Y, Qin Y, Zhao L, Zhang J, Wu T, Sun B, Wang C. Expression of a highly active β-glucosidase from Aspergillus niger AS3.4523 in Escherichia coli and its application in gardenia blue preparation. ANN MICROBIOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s13213-020-01576-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
Gardenia blue is one of the natural food additives used in East Asia for many years. Its biosynthesis relies on a key rate-limiting cellulase: β-glucosidase (BGL), which mainly exists in Aspergillus niger (A. niger) cells. The purpose of this study was to obtain active β-glucosidase by cell engineering method and applied to gardenia blue synthesis, which would help to promote the application and reduce the cost of β-glucosidase and gardenia blue.
Methods
A. niger was identified based on 18S rRNA gene sequencing. β-Glucosidase gene was cloned and expressed based on PCR and prokaryotic expression. The enzyme activity of β-glucosidase was measured based on p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside method.
Results
An A. niger isolate (AS3.4523) was identified from soil. The β-glucosidase gene of AS3.4523 was cloned and sequenced, which encoded a new type of β-glucosidase mutant containing two specific amino acid substitutions (Asp154Gly and Ser163Pro). Prokaryotic expression of wild-type β-glucosidase in Escherichia coli BL21 showed low cellulase activity (0.29 ± 0.13 U/mL). However, after removing its signal peptide, the β-glucosidase of A. niger AS3.4523 exhibited extremely higher activity (25.88 ± 0.45 U/mL) compared with wild type β-glucosidase (12.59 ± 1.07 U/mL) or other A. niger strains M85 (3.61 ± 0.24 U/mL) and CICC2041 (4.36 ± 0.76 U/mL). Furthermore, recombinant β-glucosidase was applied to geniposide hydrolysis, and gardenia blue pigment was successfully synthesized with the reaction of genipin and Lys.
Conclusions
This work has discovered a new type of highly active β-glucosidase and provided a theoretical basis for large-scale producing β-glucosidase, which lays a brand-new foundation for gardenia blue preparation with high efficiency and low cost.
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Sun T, Yan P, Zhan N, Zhang L, Chen Z, Zhang A, Shan A. The optimization of fermentation conditions for Pichia pastoris GS115 producing recombinant xylanase. Eng Life Sci 2020; 20:216-228. [PMID: 32874185 PMCID: PMC7447871 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201900116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Xylanase is a member of an important family of enzymes that has been used in many biotechnological processes. However, the overall cost of enzyme production has been the main problem in the industrial application of enzymes. To obtain maximum xylanase production, statistical approaches based on the Plackett-Burman design and response surface methodology were employed. The results of the statistical analyses demonstrated that the optimal conditions for increased xylanase production were the following: inoculum size, 3.8%; maize meal, 4.5%; histidine, 0.6%; methanol, 1%; culture volume, 20%; bean pulp, 30 g L-1; and Tween-80, 0.8%; and pH 5.0. Verification of the optimization demonstrated that 3273 U mL-1 xylanase was observed under the optimal conditions in shake flask experiments. SDS-PAGE results showed that the size of xylanase protein was about 23 kDa. The results showed that the xylanase produced by fermentation came from Aspergillus Niger by MALDI-TOF-MS. The optimized medium resulted in 2.1- and 1.4-fold higher the activity of xylanase compared with the unoptimized medium (the main nutrients are maize meal and bean pulp) and laboratory medium (the main nutrients are yeast extract and peptone), respectively. The optimization of fermentation conditions is an effective means to reduce production cost and improve xylanase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, The Institute of Animal NutritionNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinP. R. China
| | - Ping Yan
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, The Institute of Animal NutritionNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinP. R. China
| | - Na Zhan
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, The Institute of Animal NutritionNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinP. R. China
| | - Licong Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, The Institute of Animal NutritionNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinP. R. China
| | - Zhihui Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, The Institute of Animal NutritionNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinP. R. China
| | - Aizhong Zhang
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary MedicineHeilongjiang Bayi Agricultural UniversityDaqingP. R. China
| | - Anshan Shan
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, The Institute of Animal NutritionNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinP. R. China
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Basit A, Liu J, Miao T, Zheng F, Rahim K, Lou H, Jiang W. Characterization of Two Endo-β-1, 4-Xylanases from Myceliophthora thermophila and Their Saccharification Efficiencies, Synergistic with Commercial Cellulase. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:233. [PMID: 29491860 PMCID: PMC5817056 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The xylanases with high specific activity and resistance to harsh conditions are of high practical value for biomass utilization. In the present study, two new GH11 xylanase genes, MYCTH_56237 and MYCTH_49824, have been cloned from thermophilic fungus Myceliophthora thermophila and expressed in Pichia pastoris. The specific activities of purified xylanases reach approximately 1,533.7 and 1,412.5 U/mg, respectively. Based on multiple template-based homology modeling, the structures of their catalytic domains are predicted. Enzyme activity was more effective in 7.5 L fermentor, yielding 2,010.4 and 2,004.2 U/mL, respectively. Both enzymes exhibit optimal activity at 60°C with pH of 6.0 and 7.0, respectively. Their activities are not affected by EDTA and an array of metal ions. The kinetic constants have been determined for MYCTH_56237 (Km = 8.80 mg/mL, Vmax = 2,380 U/mg) and MYCTH_49824 (Km = 5.67 mg/mL, Vmax = 1,750 U/mg). More importantly, both xylanases significantly cooperate with the commercial cellulase Celluclast 1.5 L in terms of the saccharification efficiency. All these biochemical properties of the xylanases offer practical potential for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Basit
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, MOA Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Junquan Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, MOA Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Miao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, MOA Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengzhen Zheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, MOA Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kashif Rahim
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering Drug and Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Huiqiang Lou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, MOA Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, MOA Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Basit A, Liu J, Rahim K, Jiang W, Lou H. Thermophilic xylanases: from bench to bottle. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2018; 38:989-1002. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2018.1425662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Basit
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health and State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Junquan Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health and State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kashif Rahim
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering Drug and Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health and State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Huiqiang Lou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health and State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Juturu V, Wu JC. Heterologous Protein Expression in Pichia pastoris
: Latest Research Progress and Applications. Chembiochem 2017; 19:7-21. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Veeresh Juturu
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences; Agency for Science; Technology and Research (A*STAR); 1 Pesek Road Jurong Island Singapore 627833 Singapore
| | - Jin Chuan Wu
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences; Agency for Science; Technology and Research (A*STAR); 1 Pesek Road Jurong Island Singapore 627833 Singapore
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Thermostability improvement of a Talaromyces leycettanus xylanase by rational protein engineering. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15287. [PMID: 29127292 PMCID: PMC5681632 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12659-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermophilic xylanases with high catalytic efficiency are of great interest in the biofuel, food and feed industries. This study identified a GH11 xylanase gene, Tlxyn11B, in Talaromyces leycettanus JCM12802. Recombinant TlXyn11B produced in Pichia pastoris is distinguished by high specific activity (8259 ± 32 U/mg with beechwood xylan as substrate) and excellent pH stability (from 1.0 to 10.5). The beechwood xylan hydrolysates consisted mainly of xylobiose, xylotriose and xylotetraose, thus TlXyn11B could be used for the production of prebiotic xylooligosaccharide. By using the structure-based rational approach, the N-terminal sequence of TlXyn11B was modified for thermostability improvement. Mutants S3F and S3F/D35V/I/Q/M had elevated Tm values of 60.01 to 67.84 °C, with S3F/D35I the greatest. Homology modeling and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation analysis revealed that the substituted F3 and I35 formed a sandwich structure with S45 and T47, which may enhance the overall structure rigidity with lowered RMSD values. This study verifies the efficiency of rational approach in thermostability improvement and provides a xylanase candidate of GH11 with great commercialization potential.
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Gifre L, Arís A, Bach À, Garcia-Fruitós E. Trends in recombinant protein use in animal production. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:40. [PMID: 28259156 PMCID: PMC5336677 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0654-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombinant technologies have made possible the production of a broad catalogue of proteins of interest, including those used for animal production. The most widely studied proteins for the animal sector are those with an important role in reproduction, feed efficiency, and health. Nowadays, mammalian cells and fungi are the preferred choice for recombinant production of hormones for reproductive purposes and fibrolytic enzymes to enhance animal performance, respectively. However, the development of low-cost products is a priority, particularly in livestock. The study of cell factories such as yeast and bacteria has notably increased in the last decades to make the new developed reproductive hormones and fibrolytic enzymes a real alternative to the marketed ones. Important efforts have also been invested to developing new recombinant strategies for prevention and therapy, including passive immunization and modulation of the immune system. This offers the possibility to reduce the use of antibiotics by controlling physiological processes and improve the efficacy of preventing infections. Thus, nowadays different recombinant fibrolytic enzymes, hormones, and therapeutic molecules with optimized properties have been successfully produced through cost-effective processes using microbial cell factories. However, despite the important achievements for reducing protein production expenses, alternative strategies to further reduce these costs are still required. In this context, it is necessary to make a giant leap towards the use of novel strategies, such as nanotechnology, that combined with recombinant technology would make recombinant molecules affordable for animal industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Gifre
- Department of Ruminant Production, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Spain
| | - Anna Arís
- Department of Ruminant Production, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Spain
| | - Àlex Bach
- Department of Ruminant Production, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Garcia-Fruitós
- Department of Ruminant Production, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Spain
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Ergün BG, Çalık P. Lignocellulose degrading extremozymes produced by Pichia pastoris: current status and future prospects. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2016; 39:1-36. [PMID: 26497303 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-015-1476-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this review article, extremophilic lignocellulosic enzymes with special interest on xylanases, β-mannanases, laccases and finally cellulases, namely, endoglucanases, exoglucanases and β-glucosidases produced by Pichia pastoris are reviewed for the first time. Recombinant lignocellulosic extremozymes are discussed from the perspectives of their potential application areas; characteristics of recombinant and native enzymes; the effects of P. pastoris expression system on recombinant extremozymes; and their expression levels and applied strategies to increase the enzyme expression yield. Further, effects of enzyme domains on activity and stability, protein engineering via molecular dynamics simulation and computational prediction, and site-directed mutagenesis and amino acid modifications done are also focused. Superior enzyme characteristics and improved stability due to the proper post-translational modifications and better protein folding performed by P. pastoris make this host favourable for extremozyme production. Especially, glycosylation contributes to the structure, function and stability of enzymes, as generally glycosylated enzymes produced by P. pastoris exhibit better thermostability than non-glycosylated enzymes. However, there has been limited study on enzyme engineering to improve catalytic efficiency and stability of lignocellulosic enzymes. Thus, in the future, studies should focus on protein engineering to improve stability and catalytic efficiency via computational modelling, mutations, domain replacements and fusion enzyme technology. Also metagenomic data need to be used more extensively to produce novel enzymes with extreme characteristics and stability.
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