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Krasilnikova OA, Baranovskii DS, Yakimova AO, Arguchinskaya N, Kisel A, Sosin D, Sulina Y, Ivanov SA, Shegay PV, Kaprin AD, Klabukov ID. Intraoperative Creation of Tissue-Engineered Grafts with Minimally Manipulated Cells: New Concept of Bone Tissue Engineering In Situ. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:704. [PMID: 36421105 PMCID: PMC9687730 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9110704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Transfer of regenerative approaches into clinical practice is limited by strict legal regulation of in vitro expanded cells and risks associated with substantial manipulations. Isolation of cells for the enrichment of bone grafts directly in the Operating Room appears to be a promising solution for the translation of biomedical technologies into clinical practice. These intraoperative approaches could be generally characterized as a joint concept of tissue engineering in situ. Our review covers techniques of intraoperative cell isolation and seeding for the creation of tissue-engineered grafts in situ, that is, directly in the Operating Room. Up-to-date, the clinical use of tissue-engineered grafts created in vitro remains a highly inaccessible option. Fortunately, intraoperative tissue engineering in situ is already available for patients who need advanced treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A. Krasilnikova
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, National Medical Research Radiological Center, Koroleva St. 4, 249036 Obninsk, Russia
| | - Denis S. Baranovskii
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, National Medical Research Radiological Center, Koroleva St. 4, 249036 Obninsk, Russia
- Research and Educational Resource Center for Cellular Technologies, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklay St. 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna O. Yakimova
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, National Medical Research Radiological Center, Koroleva St. 4, 249036 Obninsk, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Arguchinskaya
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, National Medical Research Radiological Center, Koroleva St. 4, 249036 Obninsk, Russia
| | - Anastas Kisel
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, National Medical Research Radiological Center, Koroleva St. 4, 249036 Obninsk, Russia
| | - Dmitry Sosin
- Federal State Budgetary Institution “Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks” of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Pogodinskaya St. 10 Bld. 1, 119121 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yana Sulina
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sechenov University, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya St. 2 Bld. 3, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey A. Ivanov
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, National Medical Research Radiological Center, Koroleva St. 4, 249036 Obninsk, Russia
| | - Peter V. Shegay
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, National Medical Research Radiological Center, Koroleva St. 4, 249036 Obninsk, Russia
| | - Andrey D. Kaprin
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, National Medical Research Radiological Center, Koroleva St. 4, 249036 Obninsk, Russia
- Research and Educational Resource Center for Cellular Technologies, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklay St. 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya D. Klabukov
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, National Medical Research Radiological Center, Koroleva St. 4, 249036 Obninsk, Russia
- Research and Educational Resource Center for Cellular Technologies, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklay St. 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
- Obninsk Institute for Nuclear Power Engineering, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Studgorodok 1, 249039 Obninsk, Russia
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Selective Retention of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells with Gelatin Sponge for Repair of Intervertebral Disc Defects after Microendoscopic Discectomy: A Prospective Controlled Study and 2-Year Follow-Up. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:4822383. [PMID: 34337012 PMCID: PMC8294975 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4822383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective Discectomy remains the classic procedure for treating lumbar intervertebral disc (IVD) herniation, but the occurrence of defects after discectomy is thought to be an important cause generating recurrent and accelerated IVD degeneration. Previous studies attempted suture of the annulus fissure, but the validity of this technique on restraining the degenerative process is controversial. On the other hand, cell therapies have been shown in multiple clinical and basic studies. Our purpose was to investigate the effectiveness of selective retention of autologous Bone Marrow Stromal Cells (BMSCs) with gelatin sponge in combination with annulus fibrosus suture (AFS) for the repair of IVD defects following mobile microendoscopic discectomy (MMED). Methods This prospective, two-armed, and controlled clinical study was conducted from December 2016 to December 2018. Written informed consent was obtained from each patient. Forty-five patients with typical symptoms, positive signs of radiculopathy, and obvious lumbar disc herniation observed by MRI were enrolled. Patients were divided into 3 groups with different treating methods: MMED (n = 15), MMED+AFS (n = 15), and MMED+AFS+BMSCs (n = 15). A postoperative 2-year follow-up was performed to evaluate the patient-reported outcomes of VAS, ODI, and SF-36. The improvement rate of VAS and ODI was calculated as [(latest‐preoperative)/preoperative] to evaluate the therapeutic effect of the three groups. Assessment parameters included Pfirrmann grade, intervertebral disc height (IDH), and disc protrusion size (DPS), as measured by MRI to evaluate the morphological changes. Results All patients enrolled had a postoperative follow-up at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months. VAS and ODI scores were significantly improved compared to the preoperative status in all three groups with a mean DPS reduction rate over 50%. At the final follow-up, the improvement rate of the VAS score in the MMED+AFS+BMSCs group was significantly higher than the MMED+AFS and MMED groups (80.1% ± 7.6% vs. 71.3% ± 7.0% vs. 70.1% ± 7.8%), while ODI improvement showed a significant change (65.6% ± 8.8% vs. 59.9% ± 5.5% vs. 57.8% ± 8.1%). All participants showed significant improvement in SF-36 PCS and MCS; the differences between each group were not significant. The mean IDH loss rate of the MMED+AFS+BMSCs group was also significantly lower than other groups (−17.2% ± 1.3% vs. −27.6% ± 0.7% vs. −29.3% ± 2.2%). The Pfirrmann grade was aggravated in the MMED and MMED+AFS groups while maintained at the preoperative grade in the MMED+AFS+BMSCs group. No adverse events of cell transplantation or recurrence were found in all patients during the postoperative follow-up period. Conclusions It is feasible and effective to repair lumbar IVD defects using SCR-enriched BMSCs with gelatin sponges, which warrants further study and development as a cell-based therapy for IVD repair.
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Yang P, Xing J, Chen B, Luo F, Zhang Z, Xu J, Hou T. The clinical use of the enriched bone marrow obtained by selective cell retention technology in treating adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Orthop Translat 2020; 27:146-152. [PMID: 33981573 PMCID: PMC8071651 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the curative effect of allografts in combination with bone marrow enrichment realised by selective cell retention (SCR) technology in treating adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Methods From July 2014 to September 2016, 18 consecutive patients with AIS were treated by posterior fusion and pedicle screw instrumentation. Bone marrow aspirates were obtained and enriched by SCR technology to fabricate bone grafts in combination with allogeneic bones, which were implanted for spinal fusion. Postoperatively, the patients were observed for a minimum of 18 months, with a mean follow-up period of 48 months. The results were assessed both clinically and radiographically. All adverse events and complications were recorded. Results A total of 9 male and 9 female patients were included, with an average age of 15.6 years (range, 12–20). The average preoperative Cobb angle was 56° (range, 47°–85°). The average number of levels fused was 11 (range, 9–13). SCR could be accomplished intraoperatively, only consuming approximately 20 min. The enriching multiples of measured cellular elements were approximately 2.3–4.2. At final follow-up, the average Cobb angle correction was 83% (range, 61–96%). There was no obvious loss in correction with an average loss of 1.1° (2%). The visual analogue scale score and the Oswestry Disability Index score at final follow-up were significantly ameliorated than those preoperatively. The Scoliosis Research Society 30 questionnaire revealed remarkable improvement in the domains “pain”, “self-image/appearance”, and “satisfaction with management”. There was neither pseudarthrosis nor severe complication. Conclusion The use of SCR technology could be considered as an effective method for promoting spinal fusion in treating AIS. We proposed a safe, simple, and rapid approach to obtain effective bone grafts for spinal fusion. The translational potential of this article Enriched bone marrow obtained by selective cell retention technology has the potential to promote spinal fusion for the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yang
- National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China.,Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China.,Key Lab of Military Bone Tissue Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junchao Xing
- National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China.,Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China.,Key Lab of Military Bone Tissue Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Beike Chen
- National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China.,Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China.,Key Lab of Military Bone Tissue Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Luo
- National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China.,Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China.,Key Lab of Military Bone Tissue Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zehua Zhang
- National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China.,Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China.,Key Lab of Military Bone Tissue Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianzhong Xu
- National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China.,Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China.,Key Lab of Military Bone Tissue Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tianyong Hou
- National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China.,Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China.,Key Lab of Military Bone Tissue Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Bartold M, Gronthos S, Haynes D, Ivanovski S. Mesenchymal stem cells and biologic factors leading to bone formation. J Clin Periodontol 2019; 46 Suppl 21:12-32. [PMID: 30624807 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physiological bone formation and bone regeneration occurring during bone repair can be considered distinct but similar processes. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and associated biologic factors are crucial to both bone formation and bone regeneration. AIM To perform a narrative review of the current literature regarding the role of MSC and biologic factors in bone formation with the aim of discussing the clinical relevance of in vitro and in vivo animal studies. METHODS The literature was searched for studies on MSC and biologic factors associated with the formation of bone in the mandible and maxilla. The search specifically targeted studies on key aspects of how stem cells and biologic factors are important in bone formation and how this might be relevant to bone regeneration. The results are summarized in a narrative review format. RESULTS Different types of MSC and many biologic factors are associated with bone formation in the maxilla and mandible. CONCLUSION Bone formation and regeneration involve very complex and highly regulated cellular and molecular processes. By studying these processes, new clinical opportunities will arise for therapeutic bone regenerative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Bartold
- School of Dentistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Stan Gronthos
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - David Haynes
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Saso Ivanovski
- School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
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Recent developments in biomaterials for long-bone segmental defect reconstruction: A narrative overview. J Orthop Translat 2019; 22:26-33. [PMID: 32440496 PMCID: PMC7231954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Reconstruction of long-bone segmental defects (LBSDs) has been one of the biggest challenges in orthopaedics. Biomaterials for the reconstruction are required to be strong, osteoinductive, osteoconductive, and allowing for fast angiogenesis, without causing any immune rejection or disease transmission. There are four main types of biomaterials including autograft, allograft, artificial material, and tissue-engineered bone. Remarkable progress has been made in LBSD reconstruction biomaterials in the last ten years. The translational potential of this article Our aim is to summarize recent developments in the divided four biomaterials utilized in the LBSD reconstruction to provide the clinicians with new information and comprehension from the biomaterial point of view.
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Key Words
- ADSC, allogenic adipose-derived stem cells
- ALLO, partially demineralized allogeneic bone block
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- ASC, adipose-derived stem cell
- Allograft
- Artificial material
- Autograft
- BMP-2 & 4, bone morphogenetic protein-2 & 4
- BMSC, bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cell
- BV, baculovirus
- Biomaterial
- CS, chitosan
- DBM, decalcified bone matrix
- FGF-2, Fibroblast Growth Factor-2
- HDB, heterogeneous deproteinized bone
- LBSD, long-bone segmental defect
- Long-bone segmental defect reconstruction
- M-CSF, macrophage colony-stimulating factor
- MIC, fresh marrow-impregnated ceramic block
- MSC, autologous mesenchymal stem cells
- PCL, polycaprolactone
- PDGF, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor
- PDLLA, poly(DL-lactide)
- PET/CT, positron emission- and computed tomography
- PLA, poly(lactic acid)
- PPF, propylene fumarate
- SF, silk fibroin
- TCP, tricalcium phosphate
- TEB, combining ceramic block with osteogenic-induced mesenchymal stem cells and platelet-rich plasma
- TGF-β, Transforming Growth Factor-β
- Tissue engineering
- VEGF, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
- bFGF, basic Fibroblast Growth Factor
- htMSCs, human tubal mesenchymal stem cells
- nHA, nano-hydroxyapatite
- poly, (L-lactide-co-D,L-lactide)
- rADSC, rabbit adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell
- rVEGF-A, recombinant vascular endothelial growth factor-A
- rhBMP-2, recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2
- rhBMP-7, recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 7
- sRANKL, soluble RANKL
- β-TCP, β-tricalcium phosphate
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Multiple integrin ligands provide a highly adhesive and osteoinductive surface that improves selective cell retention technology. Acta Biomater 2019; 85:106-116. [PMID: 30557698 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Among various bone tissue engineering strategies, selective cell retention (SCR) technology has been used as a practical clinical method for bone graft manufacturing in real time. The more mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are retained, the better the osteoinductive microenvironment provided by the scaffold, which in turn promotes the osteogenesis of the SCR-fabricated bone grafts. Integrin receptors are crucial to cell-matrix adhesion and signal transduction. We designed a collagen-binding domain (CBD)-containing IKVAV-cRGD peptide (CBD-IKVAV-cRGD peptide) to complement the collagen-based demineralized bone matrix (DBM) with a functionalized surface containing multiple integrin ligands, which correspond to the highly expressed integrin subtypes on MSCs. This DBM/CBD-IKVAV-cRGD composite exhibited superior in vitro adhesion capacity to cultured MSCs, as determined by oscillatory cell adhesion assay, centrifugal cell adhesion assay and mimetic SCR. Moreover, it promoted the retention of MSC-like CD271+ cells and MSC-like CD90+/CD105+ cells in the clinical SCR method. Furthermore, the DBM/CBD-IKVAV-cRGD composite induced robust MSC osteogenesis, coupled with the activation of the downstream FAK-ERK1/2 signaling pathway of integrins. The SCR-prepared DBM/CBD-IKVAV-cRGD composite displayed superior in vivo osteogenesis, indicating that it may be potentially utilized as a biomaterial in SCR-mediated bone transplantation. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Selective cell retention technology (SCR) has been utilized in clinical settings to manufacture bioactive bone grafts. Specifically, demineralized bone matrix (DBM) is a widely-used SCR clinical biomaterial but it displays poor adhesion performance and osteoinduction. Improvements of the DBM that promote cell adhesion and osteoinduction will benefit SCR-prepared implants. In this work, we developed a novel peptide that complements the DBM with a functionalized surface of multiple integrin ligands, which are corresponding to integrin subtypes available on human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Our results indicate this novel functionalized bioscaffold greatly increases SCR-mediated MSC adhesion and in vivo osteogenesis. Overall, this novel material has promising SCR applications and may likely provide highly bioactive bone implants in clinical settings.
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Zhang Y, Husch JFA, van den Beucken JJJP. Intraoperative Construct Preparation: A Practical Route for Cell-Based Bone Regeneration. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2018; 24:403-417. [PMID: 29631489 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2018.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell-based bone tissue engineering based on the combination of a scaffold and expanded autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represents the current state-of-the-art treatment for bone defects and fractures. However, the procedure of such construct preparation requires extensive ex vivo manipulation of patient's cells to achieve enough stem cells. Therefore, it is impractical and not cost-effective compared to other therapeutic interventions. For these reasons, a more practical strategy circumventing any ex vivo manipulation and an additional surgery for the patient would be advantageous. Intraoperative concept-based bone tissue engineering, where constructs are prepared with easily accessible autologous cells within the same surgical procedure, allows for such a simplification. In this study, we discuss the concept of intraoperative construct preparation for bone tissue engineering and summarize the available cellular options for intraoperative preparation. Furthermore, we propose methods to prepare intraoperative constructs, and review data of currently available preclinical and clinical studies using intraoperatively prepared constructs for bone regenerative applications. We identify several obstacles hampering the application of this emerging approach and highlight perspectives of technological innovations to advance the future developments of intraoperative construct preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Long-term Radiological and Clinical Outcomes After Using Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Concentrate Obtained With Selective Retention Cell Technology in Posterolateral Spinal Fusion. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2017; 42:1871-1879. [PMID: 28574883 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000002255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Retrospective study. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term clinical and radiological outcomes of the use of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell concentrate obtained with selective cell retention technology using Cellect with a particular collagen scaffold, Healos for posterolateral spinal fusion. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA With the increasing rate of spinal fusion, the problem of pseudarthrosis, which contributes to recurrent pain with patient disability, is considered to be the most common cause of revision lumbar spine surgery. Intensive research is being carried out to develop an alternative source of bone grafting and improve the spinal fusion rate. METHODS A retrospective review of hospital records was performed. Identified patients were contacted to have a clinical and radiological evaluation follow-up. Clinical outcome was evaluated using visual analog scales for the back pain (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores, and quality of life (EQ-5D) questionnaire. Radiological outcome was evaluated by performing dynamic flexion/extension lateral views and calculation of segmental Cobb angle. Any implant-associated complication was reported. Computed tomography (CT) scans were also performed. RESULTS Twenty-one patients were included and all patients achieved successful fusion. The mean difference of the segmental Cobb angle was 0.48° (range 0.3°-0.7°). Computed tomography scans showed solid bilateral fusion with bridging bone (Grade I) in all patients, but solid unilateral fusion with bridging bone (Grade II) was detected for one patient at one level. Patients started to resume working activities within a mean period of 3.5 months. The VAS score for the residual back pain was 4.1 ± 2.1, whereas the ODI was 10.5 ± 5.6 points, and the mean disability index was 21.1%. CONCLUSION The use of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell concentrate obtained with selective cell retention technology could be considered as an effective means for augmenting spinal fusion. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3.
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Xing J, Mei T, Luo K, Li Z, Yang A, Li Z, Xie Z, Zhang Z, Dong S, Hou T, Xu J, Luo F. A nano-scaled and multi-layered recombinant fibronectin/cadherin chimera composite selectively concentrates osteogenesis-related cells and factors to aid bone repair. Acta Biomater 2017; 53:470-482. [PMID: 28193541 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Easily accessible and effective bone grafts are in urgent need in clinic. The selective cell retention (SCR) strategy, by which osteogenesis-related cells and factors are enriched from bone marrow into bio-scaffolds, holds great promise. However, the retention efficacy is limited by the relatively low densities of osteogenesis-related cells and factors in marrow; in addition, a lack of satisfactory surface modifiers for scaffolds further exacerbates the dilemma. To address this issue, a multi-layered construct consisting of a recombinant fibronectin/cadherin chimera was established via a layer-by-layer self-assembly technique (LBL-rFN/CDH) and used to modify demineralised bone matrix (DBM) scaffolds. The modification was proven stable and effective. By the mechanisms of physical interception and more importantly, chemical recognition (fibronectin/integrins), the LBL-rFN/CDH modification significantly improved the retention efficacy and selectivity for osteogenesis-related cells, e.g., monocytes, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and bioactive factors, e.g., bFGF, BMP-2 and SDF-1α. Moreover, the resulting composite (designated as DBM-LBL-rFN/CDH) not only exhibited a strong MSC-recruiting capacity after SCR, but also provided favourable microenvironments for the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Eventually, bone repair was evidently improved. Collectively, DBM-LBL-rFN/CDH presented a suitable biomaterial for SCR and a promising solution for tremendous need for bone grafts. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE There is an urgent need for effective bone grafts. With the potential of integrating osteogenicity, osteoinductivity and osteoconductivity, selective cell retention (SCR) technology brings hope for developing ideal grafts. However, it is constrained by low efficacy and selectivity. Thus, we modified demineralized bone matrix with nano-scaled and multi-layered recombinant fibronectin/cadherin chimera (DBM-rFN/CDH-LBL), and evaluate its effects on SCR and bone repair. DBM-rFN/CDH-LBL significantly improved the efficacy and selectivity of SCR via physical interception and chemical recognition. The post-enriched DBM-rFN/CDH-LBL provided favourable microenvironments to facilitate the migration, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, thus accelerating bone repair. Conclusively, DBM-rFN/CDH-LBL presents a novel biomaterial with advantages including high cost-effectiveness, more convenience for storage and transport and can be rapidly constructed intraoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchao Xing
- Department of Orthopedics, National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China; Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Tieniu Mei
- Department of Orthopedics, National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China; Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Keyu Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China; Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China; Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Aijun Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China; Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhilin Li
- Department of Orthopedics, National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China; Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China; Department of Spine, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Command of CPLA, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Zhao Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China; Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Zehua Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China; Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiwu Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China; Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China; Department of Biomedical Materials Science, College of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tianyong Hou
- Department of Orthopedics, National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China; Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianzhong Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China; Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China.
| | - Fei Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China; Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China.
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10
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Luangphakdy V, Boehm C, Pan H, Herrick J, Zaveri P, Muschler GF. Assessment of Methods for Rapid Intraoperative Concentration and Selection of Marrow-Derived Connective Tissue Progenitors for Bone Regeneration Using the Canine Femoral Multidefect Model. Tissue Eng Part A 2016; 22:17-30. [PMID: 26538088 PMCID: PMC5028130 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2014.0663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of large bone defects remains an unsolved clinical challenge, despite a wide array of existing bone graft materials and strategies. Local deficiency in osteogenic connective tissue progenitors (CTP-Os) due to tissue loss is one of the central biological barriers to bone regeneration. Density separation (DS) and selective retention (SR) represent two promising methods that can be used intraoperatively to rapidly concentrate cells and potentially select CTP-Os. This project was designed to compare DS and SR using the canine femoral multidefect (CFMD) model. Mineralized cancellous allograft (MCA) was used as a standardized scaffold for cell transplantation. Two experiments were performed using a cohort of six animals in each comparison. In Cohort I, unprocessed bone marrow aspirate (BMA) clot was compared to DS processing. MCA combined with raw BMA or DS processed cells produced a robust and advanced stage of bone regeneration throughout the defect in 4 weeks with reconstitution of hematopoietic marrow. However, the retention of DS processed cells and CTP-Os in the MCA matrix was low compared to BMA clot. In Cohort II, MCA with DS-T cells (addition of calcium chloride thrombin to induce clotting and enhance cell and CTP-O retention) was compared to MCA with SR cells. A mean of 276 ± 86 million nucleated cells and 29,030 ± 10,510 CTP-Os were implanted per defect in the DS-T group. A mean of 76 ± 42 million nucleated cells and 30,266 ± 15,850 CTP-Os were implanted in the SR group. Bone formation was robust and not different between treatments. Histologically, both groups demonstrated regeneration of hematopoietic marrow tissue. However, SR sites contained more hematopoietic vascular tissues, less fibrosis, and less residual allograft, particularly in the intramedullary cavity, suggesting a more advanced stage of remodeling (p = 0.04). These data demonstrate excellent overall performance of DS and SR processing methods. Both methods achieve a bone regeneration response that approaches the limits of performance that can be achieved in the CFMD model. Further advancement and comparison of these intraoperative bone marrow cell processing methods will require use of a larger and more biologically compromised defect site to guide the next steps of preclinical development and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Luangphakdy
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering (ND20), Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Cynthia Boehm
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering (ND20), Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Hui Pan
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering (ND20), Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - James Herrick
- 2 Bone Histomorphometry Core Lab, Department of Orthopedics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine , Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Phil Zaveri
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering (ND20), Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - George F Muschler
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering (ND20), Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, Ohio.,3 Department of Orthopoedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, Ohio
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11
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Luo K, Mei T, Li Z, Deng M, Zhang Z, Hou T, Dong S, Xie Z, Xu J, Luo F. A High-Adhesive Lysine-Cyclic RGD Peptide Designed for Selective Cell Retention Technology. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2016; 22:585-95. [PMID: 27154386 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2015.0517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Keyu Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Tieniu Mei
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Moyuan Deng
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Zehua Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Tianyong Hou
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiwu Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, College of Biomedical Engineering, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhao Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianzhong Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
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12
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Allogeneic mesenchymal precursor cells (MPCs) combined with an osteoconductive scaffold to promote lumbar interbody spine fusion in an ovine model. Spine J 2016; 16:389-99. [PMID: 26291397 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2015.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advances in immunomagnetic cell sorting have enabled isolation and purification of pleuripotent stem cells from marrow aspirates and have expanded stem cell therapies to include allogeneic sources. PURPOSE This study aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of allogeneic mesenchymal precursor cells (MPCs) combined with an osteoconductive scaffold in lumbar interbody spinal fusion using an ovine model. STUDY DESIGN Thirty-two skeletally mature ewes underwent a single-level interbody fusion procedure using a Polyetheretherketone fusion cage supplemented with either iliac crest autograft (AG) or an osteconductive scaffold (Mastergraft Matrix, Medtronic, Memphis, TN, USA) with 2.5×10(6) MPCs, 6.25×10(6) MPCs, or 12.5×10(6) MPCs. METHODS Plain radiographs and computed tomography scans were scored for bridging bone at multiple points during healing and at necropsy. The biomechanical competency of fusion was scored by manual palpation and quantified using functional radiographs at necropsy. Postnecropsy histopathology and histomorphometric analysis assessed the local response to MPC treatment and quantified the volume and connectivity of newly formed bridging bone. Safety was assessed by serum biochemistry, hematology, and organ histopathology. RESULTS Mesenchymal precursor cell treatment caused no adverse systemic or local tissue responses. All analyses indicated MPCs combined with an osteoconductive scaffold achieved similar or better fusion success as AG treatment after 16 weeks, and increasing the MPC dose did not enhance fusion. Manual palpation of the fusion site indicated more than 75% of MPC-treated and 65% of AG-treated animals achieved rigid fusion, which was corroborated with functional radiography. Computed tomography fusion scores indicated all animals in the MPC- and AG-treatment groups were fused at 16 weeks, yet X-ray scores indicated only 67% of the AG-treated animals were fused. Histomorphometry analyses showed equivalent outcomes for fusion connectivity and bony fusion area for MPC- and AG-treated groups. Approximately 6% residual graft material remained in the MPC-treated fusion sites at 16 weeks. CONCLUSIONS Adult allogeneic MPCs delivered using an osteoconductive scaffold were both safe and efficacious in this ovine spine interbody fusion model. These results support the use ofallogeneic MPCs as an alternative to AG for lumbar interbody spinal fusion procedures.
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13
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Abstract
Large bone defects caused by fracture, non-union and bone tumor excision has been a major clinical problem. Autogenous bone grafting and Ilizarov method are commonly performed to treat them. However, bone grafting has limitation in volume of available bone, and Ilizarov method requires long periods of time to treat. Accordingly, there is need for stem cell therapy for bone repair and/or regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold the ability to differentiate into osteoblasts and are available from a wide variety of sources. The route of "intramembranous ossification (direct bone formation)" by transplantation of undifferentiated MSCs has been tested but it did not demonstrate the success initially envisaged. Recently another approach has been examined being the transplantation of "MSCs pre-differentiated in vitro into cartilage-forming chondrocytes" into bone defect, in brief, representing the route of "endochondral ossification (indirect bone formation)". It's a paradigm shift of Stem Cell Therapy for bone regeneration. We have already reported on the healing of large femur defects in rats by transplantation of "MSCs pre-differentiated in vitro into cartilage-forming chondrocytes". We named the cells as Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Chondrocytes (MSC-DCs). The success of reconstruction of a massive 15-mm femur defect (approximately 50% of the rat femur shaft length) provides a sound foundation for potential clinical application of this technique. We believe our results may offer a new avenue of reconstruction of large bone defect, especially in view of the their high reproducibility and the excellent biomechanical strength of repaired femora.
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14
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Abstract
Stem cells offer great promise to help understand the normal mechanisms of tissue renewal, regeneration, and repair, and also for development of cell-based therapies to treat patients after tissue injury. Most adult tissues contain stem cells and progenitor cells that contribute to homeostasis, remodeling, and repair. Multiple stem and progenitor cell populations in bone are found in the marrow, the endosteum, and the periosteum. They contribute to the fracture healing process after injury and are an important component in tissue engineering approaches for bone repair. This review focuses on current concepts in stem cell biology related to fracture healing and bone tissue regeneration, as well as current strategies and limitations for clinical cell-based therapies.
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15
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Surgical Fixation Hardware for Regeneration of Long Bone Segmental Defects: Translating Large Animal Model and Human Experiences. Clin Rev Bone Miner Metab 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12018-015-9195-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Tethering of Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) to Beta Tricalcium Phosphate (βTCP) via Fusion to a High Affinity, Multimeric βTCP-Binding Peptide: Effects on Human Multipotent Stromal Cells/Connective Tissue Progenitors. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129600. [PMID: 26121597 PMCID: PMC4488278 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of freshly-aspirated autologous bone marrow, together with a scaffold, is a promising clinical alternative to harvest and transplantation of autologous bone for treatment of large defects. However, survival proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of the marrow-resident stem and progenitor cells with osteogenic potential can be limited in large defects by the inflammatory microenvironment. Previous studies using EGF tethered to synthetic polymer substrates have demonstrated that surface-tethered EGF can protect human bone marrow-derived osteogenic stem and progenitor cells from pro-death inflammatory cues and enhance their proliferation without detriment to subsequent osteogenic differentiation. The objective of this study was to identify a facile means of tethering EGF to clinically-relevant βTCP scaffolds and to demonstrate the bioactivity of EGF tethered to βTCP using stimulation of the proliferative response of human bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSC) as a phenotypic metric. We used a phage display library and panned against βTCP and composites of βTCP with a degradable polyester biomaterial, together with orthogonal blocking schemes, to identify a 12-amino acid consensus binding peptide sequence, LLADTTHHRPWT, with high affinity for βTCP. When a single copy of this βTCP-binding peptide sequence was fused to EGF via a flexible peptide tether domain and expressed recombinantly in E. coli together with a maltose-binding domain to aid purification, the resulting fusion protein exhibited modest affinity for βTCP. However, a fusion protein containing a linear concatamer containing 10 repeats of the binding motif the resulting fusion protein showed high affinity stable binding to βTCP, with only 25% of the protein released after 7 days at 37oC. The fusion protein was bioactive, as assessed by its abilities to activate kinase signaling pathways downstream of the EGF receptor when presented in soluble form, and to enhance the proliferation of hBMSC when presented in tethered form on commercial βTCP bone regeneration scaffolds.
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17
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Steplewski A, Fertala J, Beredjiklian P, Wang ML, Fertala A. Matrix-specific anchors: a new concept for targeted delivery and retention of therapeutic cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2015; 21:1207-16. [PMID: 25435302 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2014.0401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomedical strategies for tissue engineering and repair utilize specific cells, scaffolds, and growth factors to reconstruct elements of damaged tissue. The cellular element of these strategies is limited, however, by poor efficiency of delivery and retention of therapeutic cells in target sites. We propose that the presence of a cellular anchor that is able to specifically bind a defined element of target tissue will facilitate efficient binding and retention of therapeutic cells, thereby promoting repair of the target site. To do so, we engineered an artificial collagen-specific anchor (ACSA) that is able to specifically bind collagen I. The ACSA was engineered by creating a construct comprising rationally designed consecutive domains. The binding specificity of the ACSA was achieved by employing variable regions of a monoclonal antibody that recognizes a unique epitope present in human collagen I. Meanwhile, cell membrane localization of the ACSA was provided by the presence of a transmembrane domain. We determined that the ACSA was localized within cell membranes and interacted with its intended target, that is, collagen I. We have demonstrated that, in comparison to the control, the cells expressing the ACSA attached better to collagen I and exhibited improved retention in sites of seeding. We have also demonstrated that the presence of the ACSA did not interfere with cell proliferation, the biosynthesis of endogenous collagen I, or the biological functions of native collagen receptors. Since the presented cell delivery system utilizes a common characteristic of major connective tissues, namely the presence of collagen I, the findings described here could have a broad positive impact for improving the repair processes of tendon, ligament, bone, intervertebral disc, skin, and other collagen I-rich connective tissues. If successful, the ACSA approach to deliver cells will serve as an outline for developing cell delivery methods that target other elements of extracellular matrices, including other collagen types, laminins, and fibronectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Steplewski
- 1 Division of Orthopaedic Research, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Peric M, Dumic-Cule I, Grcevic D, Matijasic M, Verbanac D, Paul R, Grgurevic L, Trkulja V, Bagi CM, Vukicevic S. The rational use of animal models in the evaluation of novel bone regenerative therapies. Bone 2015; 70:73-86. [PMID: 25029375 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bone has a high potential for endogenous self-repair. However, due to population aging, human diseases with impaired bone regeneration are on the rise. Current strategies to facilitate bone healing include various biomolecules, cellular therapies, biomaterials and different combinations of these. Animal models for testing novel regenerative therapies remain the gold standard in pre-clinical phases of drug discovery and development. Despite improvements in animal experimentation, excessive poorly designed animal studies with inappropriate endpoints and inaccurate conclusions are being conducted. In this review, we discuss animal models, procedures, methods and technologies used in bone repair studies with the aim to assist investigators in planning and performing scientifically sound experiments that respect the wellbeing of animals. In the process of designing an animal study for bone repair investigators should consider: skeletal characteristics of the selected animal species; a suitable animal model that mimics the intended clinical indication; an appropriate assessment plan with validated methods, markers, timing, endpoints and scoring systems; relevant dosing and statistically pre-justified sample sizes and evaluation methods; synchronization of the study with regulatory requirements and additional evaluations specific to cell-based approaches. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Stem Cells and Bone".
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Peric
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Department for Intercellular Communication, Salata 2, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Ivo Dumic-Cule
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Laboratory for Mineralized Tissues, Salata 11, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Danka Grcevic
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Immunology, Salata 3, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Matijasic
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Department for Intercellular Communication, Salata 2, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Donatella Verbanac
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Department for Intercellular Communication, Salata 2, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ruth Paul
- Paul Regulatory Services Ltd, Fisher Hill Way, Cardiff CF15 8DR, UK
| | - Lovorka Grgurevic
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Laboratory for Mineralized Tissues, Salata 11, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vladimir Trkulja
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Salata 11, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Cedo M Bagi
- Pfizer Inc., Global Research and Development, Global Science and Technology, 100 Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Slobodan Vukicevic
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Laboratory for Mineralized Tissues, Salata 11, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Ye Q, Chen K, Huang W, He Y, Nong M, Li C, Liang T. Osteogenic ability of bone marrow stem cells intraoperatively enriched by a novel matrix. Exp Ther Med 2014; 9:25-32. [PMID: 25452771 PMCID: PMC4247289 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.2067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly-L-lysine (PLL) is commonly used as an adhibiting agent due to its good viscosity, and demineralized bone matrix (DBM) is a common enriched matrix for selective cell retention technology. Therefore, the aim of this study was to use PLL to coat the surface and interspaces of DBM to form a novel type of enriched matrix [DBM coated with PLL (PLL-DBM)], in order to effectively improve the enrichment effects of bone marrow stem cells and enhance their osteogenic ability. Electron microscope scanning and the infrared spectrum were used to observe the structure of PLL-DBM and the optimal conditions for the combination of PLL and DBM. Enriching effects on bone marrow nucleated cells (NCs) and platelets (PLTs) were detected with an automated hematology analyzer. The osteogenesis of the following four groups was assessed with a grafting bone model in a goat spinal transverse process: IA, tissue engineered bone (TEB) fabricated following enrichment of bone marrow with PLL-DBM; IB, autogenous iliac bone; IIC, TEB fabricated following enrichment of bone marrow with DBM; IID, blank DBM. The goats were sacrificed in one batch at week 16 after the surgery and the fusion specimens were examined using X-ray and three-dimensional computed tomography (CT). In addition, the CT value was determined and the histology and biomechanics were analyzed in order to evaluate the osteogenic ability. The results showed that PLL and DBM combined well and that PLL-DBM exhibited a natural mesh pore structure. The fold enrichment of NCs and PLTs with PLL-DBM was significantly higher than that with DBM. The fusion effects of the IA and IB groups were similar and significantly enhanced compared with those of the IIC and IID groups. The results confirmed that PLL-DBM is an ideal enriched matrix for bone marrow stem cells, and TEB rapidly fabricated by PLL-DBM intraoperatively enriched bone marrow stem cells exhibits an improved osteogenic ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, The General Hospital of the Armed Police Force of Guangxi, Nanning, Guangxi 530003, P.R. China ; Center of Tissue Engineering Research and Application, The General Hospital of the Armed Police Force of Guangxi, Nanning, Guangxi 530003, P.R. China
| | - Kaining Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The General Hospital of the Armed Police Force of Guangxi, Nanning, Guangxi 530003, P.R. China ; Center of Tissue Engineering Research and Application, The General Hospital of the Armed Police Force of Guangxi, Nanning, Guangxi 530003, P.R. China
| | - Wu Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The General Hospital of the Armed Police Force of Guangxi, Nanning, Guangxi 530003, P.R. China ; Center of Tissue Engineering Research and Application, The General Hospital of the Armed Police Force of Guangxi, Nanning, Guangxi 530003, P.R. China
| | - Yunsong He
- Department of Orthopedics, The General Hospital of the Armed Police Force of Guangxi, Nanning, Guangxi 530003, P.R. China ; Center of Tissue Engineering Research and Application, The General Hospital of the Armed Police Force of Guangxi, Nanning, Guangxi 530003, P.R. China
| | - Mingshan Nong
- Department of Orthopedics, The General Hospital of the Armed Police Force of Guangxi, Nanning, Guangxi 530003, P.R. China ; Center of Tissue Engineering Research and Application, The General Hospital of the Armed Police Force of Guangxi, Nanning, Guangxi 530003, P.R. China
| | - Chunxiang Li
- Department of Neurology, The General Hospital of the Armed Police Force of Guangxi, Nanning, Guangxi 530003, P.R. China
| | - Tiansen Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, The General Hospital of the Armed Police Force of Guangxi, Nanning, Guangxi 530003, P.R. China
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20
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Wang Y, Bi X, Zhou H, Deng Y, Sun J, Xiao C, Gu P, Fan X. Repair of orbital bone defects in canines using grafts of enriched autologous bone marrow stromal cells. J Transl Med 2014; 12:123. [PMID: 24886296 PMCID: PMC4036112 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Backgroud Bone tissue engineering is a new approach for the repair of orbital defects. The aim of the present study was to explore the feasibility of tissue-engineered bone constructed using bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) that were rapidly isolated and concentrated from bone marrow (BM) by the red cell lysis method, then combined with β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) to create grafts used to restore orbital bone defects in canines. Methods In the experimental group, grafts were constructed using BMSCs obtained by red cell lysis from 20 ml bone marrow, combined with β-TCP and BM via the custom-made stem cell-scaffold device, then used to repair 10 mm diameter medial orbital wall bony defects in canines. Results were compared with those in groups grafted with BM/β-TCP or β-TCP alone, or with defects left untreated as controls. The enrichment of BMSCs and nucleated cells (NCs) in the graft was calculated from the number in untreated bone marrow and in suspensions after red cell lysis. Spiral computed tomography (CT) scans were performed 1, 4, 12 and 24 weeks after implantation in all groups. Gross examination, micro-CT and histological measurements were performed 24 weeks after surgery. The results were analyzed to evaluate the efficacy of bone repair. Results The number of NCs and of colony-forming units within the scaffolds were increased 54.8 times and 53.4 times, respectively, compared with untreated bone marrow. In the BMSC-BM/β-TCP group, CT examination revealed that the scaffolds were gradually absorbed and the bony defects were restored. Micro-CT and histological examination confirmed that the implantations led to good repair of the defects, with 6 out 8 orbital defects completely restored in the experimental group, while by contrast, the grafts in the control groups did not fully repair the bony defects, a difference which was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusions Tissue-engineered bone, constructed using BMSCs isolated by red cell lysis of BM, can restore critical-sized orbital wall defects in canines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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21
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Hou T, Li Z, Luo F, Xie Z, Wu X, Xing J, Dong S, Xu J. A composite demineralized bone matrix--self assembling peptide scaffold for enhancing cell and growth factor activity in bone marrow. Biomaterials 2014; 35:5689-99. [PMID: 24755526 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.03.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The need for suitable bone grafts is high; however, there are limitations to all current graft sources, such as limited availability, the invasive harvest procedure, insufficient osteoinductive properties, poor biocompatibility, ethical problems, and degradation properties. The lack of osteoinductive properties is a common problem. As an allogenic bone graft, demineralized bone matrix (DBM) can overcome issues such as limited sources and comorbidities caused by invasive harvest; however, DBM is not sufficiently osteoinductive. Bone marrow has been known to magnify osteoinductive components for bone reconstruction because it contains osteogenic cells and factors. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from bone marrow are the gold standard for cell seeding in tissue-engineered biomaterials for bone repair, and these cells have demonstrated beneficial effects. However, the associated high cost and the complicated procedures limit the use of tissue-engineered bone constructs. To easily enrich more osteogenic cells and factors to DBM by selective cell retention technology, DBM is modified by a nanoscale self-assembling peptide (SAP) to form a composite DBM/SAP scaffold. By decreasing the pore size and increasing the charge interaction, DBM/SAP scaffolds possess a much higher enriching yield for osteogenic cells and factors compared with DBM alone scaffolds. At the same time, SAP can build a cellular microenvironment for cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation that promotes bone reconstruction. As a result, a suitable bone graft fabricated by DBM/SAP scaffolds and bone marrow represents a new strategy and product for bone transplantation in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyong Hou
- National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Center of Regenetive and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China; Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Center of Regenetive and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China; Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China; Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Chengdu Military Commanding Region, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Luo
- National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Center of Regenetive and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China; Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China.
| | - Zhao Xie
- National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Center of Regenetive and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China; Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuehui Wu
- National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Center of Regenetive and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China; Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Junchao Xing
- National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Center of Regenetive and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China; Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiwu Dong
- National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Center of Regenetive and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China; Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China; Department of Biomedical Materials Science, College of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianzhong Xu
- National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Center of Regenetive and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China; Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China.
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22
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Gardel LS, Serra LA, Reis RL, Gomes ME. Use of perfusion bioreactors and large animal models for long bone tissue engineering. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2013; 20:126-46. [PMID: 23924374 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2013.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) strategies for generation of new bone tissue includes the combined use of autologous or heterologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and three-dimensional (3D) scaffold materials serving as structural support for the cells, that develop into tissue-like substitutes under appropriate in vitro culture conditions. This approach is very important due to the limitations and risks associated with autologous, as well as allogenic bone grafiting procedures currently used. However, the cultivation of osteoprogenitor cells in 3D scaffolds presents several challenges, such as the efficient transport of nutrient and oxygen and removal of waste products from the cells in the interior of the scaffold. In this context, perfusion bioreactor systems are key components for bone TERM, as many recent studies have shown that such systems can provide dynamic environments with enhanced diffusion of nutrients and therefore, perfusion can be used to generate grafts of clinically relevant sizes and shapes. Nevertheless, to determine whether a developed tissue-like substitute conforms to the requirements of biocompatibility, mechanical stability and safety, it must undergo rigorous testing both in vitro and in vivo. Results from in vitro studies can be difficult to extrapolate to the in vivo situation, and for this reason, the use of animal models is often an essential step in the testing of orthopedic implants before clinical use in humans. This review provides an overview of the concepts, advantages, and challenges associated with different types of perfusion bioreactor systems, particularly focusing on systems that may enable the generation of critical size tissue engineered constructs. Furthermore, this review discusses some of the most frequently used animal models, such as sheep and goats, to study the in vivo functionality of bone implant materials, in critical size defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro S Gardel
- 1 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho , Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal
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23
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Endogenous morphogens and fibrin bioscaffolds for stem cell therapeutics. Trends Biotechnol 2013; 31:364-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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24
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Reichert JC, Berner A, Saifzadeh S, Hutmacher DW. Preclinical Animal Models for Segmental Bone Defect Research and Tissue Engineering. Regen Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5690-8_40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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25
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Abstract
Stem cells hold significant promise for regeneration of tissue defects and disease-modifying therapies. Although numerous promising stem cell approaches are advancing in clinical trials, intraoperative stem cell therapies offer more immediate hope by integrating an autologous cell source with a well-established surgical intervention in a single procedure. Herein, the major developments in intraoperative stem cell approaches, from in vivo models to clinical studies, are reviewed, and the potential regenerative mechanisms and the roles of different cell populations in the regeneration process are discussed. Although intraoperative stem cell therapies have been shown to be safe and effective for several indications, there are still critical challenges to be tackled prior to adoption into the standard surgical armamentarium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Beato Coelho
- Center for Regenerative Therapeutics and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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26
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Hynes K, Menicanin D, Gronthos S, Bartold PM. Clinical utility of stem cells for periodontal regeneration. Periodontol 2000 2012; 59:203-27. [PMID: 22507067 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2012.00443.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to discuss the clinical utility of stem cells in periodontal regeneration by reviewing relevant literature that assesses the periodontal-regenerative potential of stem cells. We considered and described the main stem cell populations that have been utilized with regard to periodontal regeneration, including bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and the main dental-derived mesenchymal stem cell populations: periodontal ligament stem cells, dental pulp stem cells, stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth, stem cells from apical papilla and dental follicle precursor cells. Research into the use of stem cells for tissue regeneration has the potential to significantly influence periodontal treatment strategies in the future.
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27
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Eslaminejad MB, Taghiyar L. Study of the structure of canine mesenchymal stem cell osteogenic culture. Anat Histol Embryol 2012; 39:446-55. [PMID: 20594192 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.2010.01013.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the morphological features of osteogenic cultures that were established from canine marrow derived-mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Tripotent canine MSCs were plated in osteogenic conditions for 3 weeks, at the end of which the cultures were observed by light and transmission electron microscopy. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of the culture was determined during the differentiation period. To assess whether endochondral or intramembranous ossification was involved in MSC bone differentiation, the cultures were explored for cartilage-related gene expression. Multiple nodule-like cell aggregates appeared to form in the osteogenic cultures. These nodules were covered by a periosteum-like layer and osteocyte-like cells of varying morphology were located in lacuna-like cavities within the nodule mass. Furthermore, the bone nodules possessed an abundant matrix in which clearly striated collagen I fibres were arranged in perpendicular bundles. Matrix vesicles involving in matrix mineralization were evident in the nodules. This was in accordance with increased ALP activity in the culture. No expression of cartilage-related genes was observed, which suggested that osteogenesis might occur by intramembranous ossification. In conclusion, canine MSCs could be an appropriate model for studying in vitro bone development.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Eslaminejad
- Department of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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28
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Abstract
This review is aimed at clinicians appraising preclinical trauma studies and researchers investigating compromised bone healing or novel treatments for fractures. It categorises the clinical scenarios of poor healing of fractures and attempts to match them with the appropriate animal models in the literature. We performed an extensive literature search of animal models of long bone fracture repair/nonunion and grouped the resulting studies according to the clinical scenario they were attempting to reflect; we then scrutinised them for their reliability and accuracy in reproducing that clinical scenario. Models for normal fracture repair (primary and secondary), delayed union, nonunion (atrophic and hypertrophic), segmental defects and fractures at risk of impaired healing were identified. Their accuracy in reflecting the clinical scenario ranged greatly and the reliability of reproducing the scenario ranged from 100% to 40%. It is vital to know the limitations and success of each model when considering its application.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. A. Mills
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, Brockley
Hill, Middlesex HA7 4LP, UK
| | - A. H. R. W. Simpson
- Edinburgh University, Department
of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Chancellors Building, Little
France, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
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29
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Stem cell-based tissue engineering in veterinary orthopaedics. Cell Tissue Res 2012; 347:677-688. [PMID: 22287044 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-011-1316-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine is one of the most intensively researched medical branches, with enormous progress every year. When it comes to translating research from bench to bedside, many of the pioneering innovations are achieved by cooperating teams of human and veterinary medical scientists. The veterinary profession has an important role to play in this new and evolving technology, holding a great scientific potential, because animals serve widely as models for human medicine and results obtained from animals may serve as preclinical results for human medicine. Regenerative veterinary medicine utilizing mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) for the treatment of acute injuries as well as chronic disorders is gradually turning into clinical routine. As orthopaedic disorders represent a major part of all cases in veterinary clinical practice, it is not surprising that they are currently taking a leading role in MSC therapies. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to give an overview on past and current achievements as well as future perspectives in stem cell-based tissue engineering in veterinary orthopaedics.
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30
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Treatment of long bone defects and non-unions: from research to clinical practice. Cell Tissue Res 2011; 347:501-19. [PMID: 21574059 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-011-1184-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of long bone defects and non-unions is still a major clinical and socio-economical problem. In addition to the non-operative therapeutic options, such as the application of various forms of electricity, extracorporeal shock wave therapy and ultrasound therapy, which are still in clinical use, several operative treatment methods are available. No consensus guidelines are available and the treatments of such defects differ greatly. Therefore, clinicians and researchers are presently investigating ways to treat large bone defects based on tissue engineering approaches. Tissue engineering strategies for bone regeneration seem to be a promising option in regenerative medicine. Several in vitro and in vivo studies in small and large animal models have been conducted to establish the efficiency of various tissue engineering approaches. Neverthelsss, the literature still lacks controlled studies that compare the different clinical treatment strategies currently in use. However, based on the results obtained so far in diverse animal studies, bone tissue engineering approaches need further validation in more clinically relevant animal models and in clinical pilot studies for the translation of bone tissue engineering approaches into clinical practice.
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31
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Preclinical Animal Models for Segmental Bone Defect Research and Tissue Engineering. Regen Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-9075-1_36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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32
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Muschler GF, Raut VP, Patterson TE, Wenke JC, Hollinger JO. The design and use of animal models for translational research in bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2010; 16:123-45. [PMID: 19891542 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2009.0658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This review provides an overview of animal models for the evaluation, comparison, and systematic optimization of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine strategies related to bone tissue. This review includes an overview of major factors that influence the rational design and selection of an animal model. A comparison is provided of the 10 mammalian species that are most commonly used in bone research, and existing guidelines and standards are discussed. This review also identifies gaps in the availability of animal models: (1) the need for assessment of the predictive value of preclinical models for relative clinical efficacy, (2) the need for models that more effectively mimic the wound healing environment and mass transport conditions in the most challenging clinical settings (e.g., bone repair involving large bone and soft tissue defects and sites of prior surgery), and (3) the need for models that allow more effective measurement and detection of cell trafficking events and ultimate cell fate during the processes of bone modeling, remodeling, and regeneration. The ongoing need for both continued innovation and refinement in animal model systems, and the need and value of more effective standardization are reinforced.
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Affiliation(s)
- George F Muschler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
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33
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Horner EA, Kirkham J, Wood D, Curran S, Smith M, Thomson B, Yang XB. Long Bone Defect Models for Tissue Engineering Applications: Criteria for Choice. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2010; 16:263-71. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2009.0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Horner
- Skeletal Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Oral Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Kirkham
- Skeletal Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Oral Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - David Wood
- Skeletal Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Oral Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Curran
- Smith and Nephew Research Centre, York Science Park, York, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Smith
- Smith and Nephew Research Centre, York Science Park, York, United Kingdom
| | - Brian Thomson
- Smith and Nephew Research Centre, York Science Park, York, United Kingdom
| | - Xuebin B. Yang
- Skeletal Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Oral Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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34
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Taylor SE, Smith RKW, Clegg PD. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in equine musculoskeletal disease: scientific fact or clinical fiction? Equine Vet J 2010; 39:172-80. [PMID: 17378447 DOI: 10.2746/042516407x180868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The goal in the therapeutic use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in musculoskeletal disease is to harness the regenerative nature of these cells focussing on their potential to grow new tissues and organs to replace damaged or diseased tissue. Laboratory isolation of MSCs is now well established and has recently been demonstrated for equine MSCs. Stem cell science has attracted considerable interest in both the scientific and clinical communities because of its potential to regenerate tissues. Research into the use of MSCs in tissue regeneration in general reflects human medical needs, however, the nature, prevalence and prognosis of superficial digital flexor tendonitis has put equine veterinary science at the forefront of tendon regeneration research. Much has been investigated and learnt but it must be appreciated that in spite of this, the field is still relatively young and both communities must prepare themselves for considerable time and effort to develop the technology into a highly efficient treatments. The promise of functional tissue engineering to replace old parts with new fully justifies the interest. At present, however, it is important to balance the understanding of our current limitations with a desire to progress the technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Taylor
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Chester High Road, Neston, Cheshire CH64 7TE, UK
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35
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Marcantonio NA, Boehm CA, Rozic R, Au A, Wells A, Muschler GF, Griffith LG. The influence of tethered epidermal growth factor on connective tissue progenitor colony formation. Biomaterials 2009; 30:4629-38. [PMID: 19540579 PMCID: PMC3119364 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2009] [Accepted: 05/11/2009] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Strategies to combine aspirated marrow cells with scaffolds to treat connective tissue defects are gaining increasing clinical attention and use. In situations such as large defects where initial survival and proliferation of transplanted connective tissue progenitors (CTPs) are limiting, therapeutic outcomes might be improved by using the scaffold to deliver growth factors that promote the early stages of cell function in the graft. Signaling by the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays a role in cell survival and has been implicated in bone development and homeostasis. Providing epidermal growth factor (EGF) in a scaffold-tethered format may sustain local delivery and shift EGFR signaling to pro-survival modes compared to soluble ligand. We therefore examined the effect of tethered EGF on osteogenic colony formation from human bone marrow aspirates in the context of three different adhesion environments using a total of 39 donors. We found that tethered EGF, but not soluble EGF, increased the numbers of colonies formed regardless of adhesion background, and that tethered EGF did not impair early stages of osteogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A. Marcantonio
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Cynthia A. Boehm
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Richard Rozic
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Ada Au
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Alan Wells
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - George F. Muschler
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Linda G. Griffith
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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36
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Reichert JC, Saifzadeh S, Wullschleger ME, Epari DR, Schütz MA, Duda GN, Schell H, van Griensven M, Redl H, Hutmacher DW. The challenge of establishing preclinical models for segmental bone defect research. Biomaterials 2009; 30:2149-63. [PMID: 19211141 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2008] [Accepted: 12/19/2008] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A considerable number of international research groups as well as commercial entities work on the development of new bone grafting materials, carriers, growth factors and specifically tissue-engineered constructs for bone regeneration. They are strongly interested in evaluating their concepts in highly reproducible large segmental defects in preclinical and large animal models. To allow comparison between different studies and their outcomes, it is essential that animal models, fixation devices, surgical procedures and methods of taking measurements are well standardized to produce reliable data pools and act as a base for further directions to orthopaedic and tissue engineering developments, specifically translation into the clinic. In this leading opinion paper, we aim to review and critically discuss the different large animal bone defect models reported in the literature. We conclude that most publications provide only rudimentary information on how to establish relevant preclinical segmental bone defects in large animals. Hence, we express our opinion on methodologies to establish preclinical critically sized, segmental bone defect models used in past research with reference to surgical techniques, fixation methods and postoperative management focusing on tibial fracture and segmental defect models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes C Reichert
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Qld 4059, Australia.
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37
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Arthur A, Zannettino A, Gronthos S. The therapeutic applications of multipotential mesenchymal/stromal stem cells in skeletal tissue repair. J Cell Physiol 2008; 218:237-45. [PMID: 18792913 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Four decades after the first isolation and characterization of clonogenic bone marrow stromal cells or mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in the laboratory of Dr. Alexander Friedenstien, the therapeutic application of their progeny following ex vivo expansion are only now starting to be realized in the clinic. The multipotency, paracrine effects, and immune-modulatory properties of MSC present them as an ideal stem cell candidate for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In recent years it has come to light that MSC encompass plasticity that extends beyond the conventional bone, adipose, cartilage, and other skeletal structures, and has expanded to the differentiation of liver, kidney, muscle, skin, neural, and cardiac cell lineages. This review will specifically focus on the skeletal regenerative capacity of bone marrow derived MSC alone or in combination with growth factors, biocompatible scaffolds, and following genetic modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Arthur
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Group, Division of Haematology, Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, Hanson Institute/University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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38
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The Role of Intraoperative Bone Marrow Aspirate Stem Cell Concentration as a Bone Grafting Technique. TECHNIQUES IN FOOT AND ANKLE SURGERY 2008. [DOI: 10.1097/btf.0b013e318175ccba] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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39
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Gimbel M, Ashley RK, Sisodia M, Gabbay JS, Wasson KL, Heller J, Wilson L, Kawamoto HK, Bradley JP. Repair of alveolar cleft defects: reduced morbidity with bone marrow stem cells in a resorbable matrix. J Craniofac Surg 2007; 18:895-901. [PMID: 17667684 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0b013e3180a771af] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Harvest of the autogenous iliac crest bone graft for an alveolar cleft defect (the gold standard) may cause short- and long-term pain and sensory disturbances. To determine if a tissue engineering technique with similar bone healing results offered decreased morbidity, we compared techniques for postoperative donor site pain. Traditional iliac crest bone graft had more donor site complications compared with both tissue engineering and minimally invasive iliac crest bone graft. With donor site pain, traditional had the most patients with pain and tissue engineering had the least patients with pain at all time points. The mean pain score, including both intensity and pain frequency, was greatest at all time points in traditional and least at all time points in tissue engineering. Closure of alveolar cleft defects with a resorbable collagen sponge and bone marrow stem cells resulted in reduced donor site morbidity and decreased donor site pain intensity and frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gimbel
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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40
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41
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Au A, Boehm CA, Mayes AM, Muschler GF, Griffith LG. Formation of osteogenic colonies on well-defined adhesion peptides by freshly isolated human marrow cells. Biomaterials 2007; 28:1847-61. [PMID: 17222453 PMCID: PMC2678558 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2006] [Accepted: 12/04/2006] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Bone graft performance can be enhanced by addition of connective tissue progenitors (CTPs) from fresh bone marrow in a manner that concentrates the CTP cell population within the graft. Here, we used small peptide adhesion ligands presented against an otherwise adhesion-resistant synthetic polymer background in order to illuminate the molecular basis for the attachment and colony formation by osteogenic CTPs from fresh human marrow, and contrast the behavior of fresh marrow to many commonly used osteogenic cell sources. The linear GRGDSPY ligand was as effective as tissue culture polystyrene in fostering attachment of culture-expanded porcine CTPs. Although this GRGDSPY peptide was more effective than control peptides in fostering alkaline phosphatase (AP)-positive colony formation from primary human marrow in 5 of the 7 patients tested, GRGDSPY was as effective as the control glass substrate in only one patient of 7. Thus, the peptide appears capable of enabling osteoblastic development from only a subpopulation of CTPs in marrow. The bone sialoprotein-derived peptide FHRRIKA was ineffective in fostering attachment of primary culture-expanded pig CTPs, although it was as effective as GRGDSPY in fostering AP-positive colonies from fresh human marrow. This study provides insights into integrin-mediated behaviors of CTPs and highlights differences between freshly isolated marrow and culture-expanded cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada Au
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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