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You J, Li Y, Wang C, Lv H, Zhai S, Liu M, Liu X, Sezhen Q, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Zhou Y. Mild Thermotherapy-Assisted GelMA/HA/MPDA@Roxadustat 3D-Printed Scaffolds with Combined Angiogenesis-Osteogenesis Functions for Bone Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2400545. [PMID: 38706444 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Early reconstruction of the vascular network is a prerequisite to the effective treatment of substantial bone defects. Traditional 3D printed tissue engineering scaffolds designed to repair large bone defects do not effectively regenerate the vascular network, and rely only on the porous structure within the scaffold for nutrient transfer and metabolic waste removal. This leads to delayed bone restoration and hence functional recovery. Therefore, strategies for generation scaffolds with the capacity to efficiently regenerate vascularization should be developed. This study loads roxarestat (RD), which can stabilize HIF-1α expression in a normoxic environment, onto the mesopore polydopamine nanoparticles (MPDA@RD) to enhance the reconstruction of vascular network in large bone defects. Subsequently, MPDA@RD is mixed with GelMA/HA hydrogel bioink to fabricate a multifunctional hydrogel scaffold (GHM@RD) through 3D printing. In vitro results show that the GHM@RD scaffolds achieve good angiogenic-osteogenic coupling by activating the PI3K/AKT/HSP90 pathway in BMSCs and the PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α pathway in HUVECs under mild thermotherapy. In vivo experiments reveal that RD and mild hyperthermia synergistically induce early vascularization and bone regeneration of critical bone defects. In conclusion, the designed GHM@RD drug delivery scaffold with mild hyperthermia holds great therapeutic value for future treatment of large bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqian You
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
- School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
- School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Chong Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Huixin Lv
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
- School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Shaobo Zhai
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
- School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Manxuan Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
- School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Xiuyu Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
- School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Quni Sezhen
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
- School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
- School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Yidi Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Yanmin Zhou
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
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2
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Hori A, Takahashi A, Miharu Y, Yamaguchi S, Sugita M, Mukai T, Nagamura F, Nagamura-Inoue T. Superior migration ability of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) toward activated lymphocytes in comparison with those of bone marrow and adipose-derived MSCs. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1329218. [PMID: 38529405 PMCID: PMC10961348 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1329218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are activated upon inflammation and/or tissue damage and migrate to suppress inflammation and repair tissues. Migration is the first important step for MSCs to become functional; however, the migration potency of umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UC-MSCs) remains poorly understood. Thus, we aimed to assess the migration potency of UC-MSCs in comparison with those of bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) and adipose tissue-derived MSCs (AD-MSCs) and investigate the influence of chemotactic factors on the migration of these cells. Methods: We compared the migration potencies of UC-, BM-, and AD-MSCs toward allogeneic stimulated mononuclear cells (MNCs) in mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). The number of MSCs in the upper chamber that migrated toward the MLR in the lower chamber was counted using transwell migration assay. Results and discussion: UC-MSCs showed significantly faster and higher proliferation potencies and higher migration potency toward unstimulated MNCs and MLR than BM- and AD-MSCs, although the migration potencies of the three types of MSCs were comparable when cultured in the presence of fetal bovine serum. The amounts of CCL2, CCL7, and CXCL2 in the supernatants were significantly higher in UC-MSCs co-cultured with MLR than in MLR alone and in BM- and AD-MSCs co-cultured with MLR, although they did not induce the autologous migration of UC-MSCs. The amount of CCL8 was higher in BM- and AD-MSCs than in UC-MSCs, and the amount of IP-10 was higher in AD-MSCs co-cultured with MLR than in UC- and BM-MSCs. The migration of UC-MSCs toward the MLR was partially attenuated by platelet-derived growth factor, insulin-like growth factor 1, and matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: UC-MSCs showed faster proliferation and higher migration potency toward activated or non-activated lymphocytes than BM- and AD-MSCs. The functional chemotactic factors may vary among MSCs derived from different tissue sources, although the roles of specific chemokines in the different sources of MSCs remain to be resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Hori
- Department of Cell Processing and Transfusion, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- IMSUT CORD, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Somatic Stem Cell Research, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuko Takahashi
- Department of Cell Processing and Transfusion, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- IMSUT CORD, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Somatic Stem Cell Research, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Miharu
- Department of Cell Processing and Transfusion, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- IMSUT CORD, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Somatic Stem Cell Research, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Masatoshi Sugita
- Department of Obstetrics, NTT Medical Center Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeo Mukai
- IMSUT CORD, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Nagamura
- Division of Advanced Medicine Promotion, The Advanced Clinical Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tokiko Nagamura-Inoue
- Department of Cell Processing and Transfusion, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- IMSUT CORD, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Somatic Stem Cell Research, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Yang X, Xiong M, Fu X, Sun X. Bioactive materials for in vivo sweat gland regeneration. Bioact Mater 2024; 31:247-271. [PMID: 37637080 PMCID: PMC10457517 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of sweat glands (SwGs) commonly associated with extensive skin defects is a leading cause of hyperthermia and heat stroke. In vivo tissue engineering possesses the potential to take use of the body natural ability to regenerate SwGs, making it more conducive to clinical translation. Despite recent advances in regenerative medicine, reconstructing SwG tissue with the same structure and function as native tissue remains challenging. Elucidating the SwG generation mechanism and developing biomaterials for in vivo tissue engineering is essential for understanding and developing in vivo SwG regenerative strategies. Here, we outline the cell biology associated with functional wound healing and the characteristics of bioactive materials. We critically summarize the recent progress in bioactive material-based cell modulation approaches for in vivo SwG regeneration, including the recruitment of endogenous cells to the skin lesion for SwG regeneration and in vivo cellular reprogramming for SwG regeneration. We discussed the re-establishment of microenvironment via bioactive material-mediated regulators. Besides, we offer promising perspectives for directing in situ SwG regeneration via bioactive material-based cell-free strategy, which is a simple and effective approach to regenerate SwG tissue with both fidelity of structure and function. Finally, we discuss the opportunities and challenges of in vivo SwG regeneration in detail. The molecular mechanisms and cell fate modulation of in vivo SwG regeneration will provide further insights into the regeneration of patient-specific SwGs and the development of potential intervention strategies for gland-derived diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinling Yang
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, China
- PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, China
- Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, PR China
| | - Mingchen Xiong
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, China
- PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, China
- Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, PR China
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, China
- PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, China
- Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, China
- PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, China
- Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, PR China
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Ahn SY, Bagheri Varzaneh M, Zhao Y, Rozynek J, Ravindran S, Banks J, Chaudhry M, Reed DA. NG2/CSPG4 attenuates motility in mandibular fibrochondrocytes under serum starvation conditions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1240920. [PMID: 38020894 PMCID: PMC10662293 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1240920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The migration of mandibular fibrochondrocytes is important for the development of the mandible, the homeostasis of the mandibular cartilage, and for the capacity of the tissue to respond to injury. Mandibular fibrochondrocytes have to overcome formidable obstacles during migration including a dense and heterogeneous three-dimensional matrix. Guiding the direction of cell migration and commitment to a migratory phenotype in this microenvironment necessitates a multivalent response to chemotactic and extracellular matrix-mediated stimuli. One of the key matrix components in the cartilage of the temporomandibular joint is type VI collagen. Neuron/glial antigen 2 (NG2/CSPG4) is a transmembrane proteoglycan that binds with collagen VI and has been implicated in a wide range of cell behaviors including cell migration, motility, adhesion, and proliferation. While NG2/CSPG4 has been shown to be a key regulator of mandibular cartilage homeostasis, its role in the migration of mandibular fibrochondrocytes during normal and cell stress conditions has yet to be resolved. Here, we address this gap in knowledge by characterizing NG2/CSPG4-dependent migration in mandibular fibrochondrocytes using primary mandibular fibrochondrocytes isolated from control and full length NG2/CSPG4 knockout mice, in primary mandibular fibrochondrocytes isolated from NG2|DsRed reporter mice and in an immortalized mandibular fibrochondrocyte cell line with a mutated NG2/CSPG4 ectodomain. All three cells demonstrate similar results, with loss of the full length or truncated NG2/CSPG4 increasing the rate of cell migration in serum starvation/cell stress conditions. These findings clearly implicate NG2/CSPG4 as a key molecule in the regulation of cell migration in mandibular fibrochondrocytes in normal and cell stress conditions, underscoring the role of NG2/CSPG4 as a mechanosensitive signaling hub in the mandibular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Young Ahn
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Mina Bagheri Varzaneh
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jacob Rozynek
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sriram Ravindran
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jonathan Banks
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Minahil Chaudhry
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - David A. Reed
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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5
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Mathias S, Adameyko I, Hellander A, Kursawe J. Contributions of cell behavior to geometric order in embryonic cartilage. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1011658. [PMID: 38019884 PMCID: PMC10712895 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
During early development, cartilage provides shape and stability to the embryo while serving as a precursor for the skeleton. Correct formation of embryonic cartilage is hence essential for healthy development. In vertebrate cranial cartilage, it has been observed that a flat and laterally extended macroscopic geometry is linked to regular microscopic structure consisting of tightly packed, short, transversal clonar columns. However, it remains an ongoing challenge to identify how individual cells coordinate to successfully shape the tissue, and more precisely which mechanical interactions and cell behaviors contribute to the generation and maintenance of this columnar cartilage geometry during embryogenesis. Here, we apply a three-dimensional cell-based computational model to investigate mechanical principles contributing to column formation. The model accounts for clonal expansion, anisotropic proliferation and the geometrical arrangement of progenitor cells in space. We confirm that oriented cell divisions and repulsive mechanical interactions between cells are key drivers of column formation. In addition, the model suggests that column formation benefits from the spatial gaps created by the extracellular matrix in the initial configuration, and that column maintenance is facilitated by sequential proliferative phases. Our model thus correctly predicts the dependence of local order on division orientation and tissue thickness. The present study presents the first cell-based simulations of cell mechanics during cranial cartilage formation and we anticipate that it will be useful in future studies on the formation and growth of other cartilage geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Mathias
- Department of Information Technology, Division of Scientific Computing, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Igor Adameyko
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Hellander
- Department of Information Technology, Division of Scientific Computing, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jochen Kursawe
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
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6
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Baron M, Drohat P, Crawford B, Hornicek FJ, Best TM, Kouroupis D. Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells: Immunomodulatory and Bone Regeneration Potential after Tumor Excision in Osteosarcoma Patients. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1187. [PMID: 37892917 PMCID: PMC10604230 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10101187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a type of bone cancer that is derived from primitive mesenchymal cells typically affecting children and young adults. The current standard of treatment is a combination of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgical resection of the cancerous bone. Post-resection challenges in bone regeneration arise. To determine the appropriate amount of bone to be removed, preoperative imaging techniques such as bone and CT scans are employed. To prevent local recurrence, the current standard of care suggests maintaining bony and soft tissue margins from 3 to 7 cm beyond the tumor. The amount of bone removed in an OS patient leaves too large of a deficit for bone to form on its own and requires reconstruction with metal implants or allografts. Both methods require the bone to heal, either to the implant or across the allograft junction, often in the setting of marrow-killing chemotherapy. Therefore, the issue of bone regeneration within the surgically resected margins remains an important challenge for the patient, family, and treating providers. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are potential agents for enhancing bone regeneration post tumor resection. MSCs, used with scaffolds and growth factors, show promise in fostering bone regeneration in OS cases. We spotlight two MSC types-bone marrow-derived (BM-MSCs) and adipose tissue-derived (ASCs)-highlighting their bone regrowth facilitation and immunomodulatory effects on immune cells like macrophages and T cells, enhancing therapeutic outcomes. The objective of this review is two-fold: review work demonstrating any ability of MSCs to target the deranged immune system in the OS microenvironment, and synthesize the available literature on the use of MSCs as a therapeutic option for stimulating bone regrowth in OS patients post bone resection. When it comes to repairing bone defects, both MB-MSCs and ASCs hold great potential for stimulating bone regeneration. Research has showcased their effectiveness in reconstructing bone defects while maintaining a non-tumorigenic role following wide resection of bone tumors, underscoring their capability to enhance bone healing and regeneration following tumor excisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Baron
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, USA; (M.B.); (P.D.); (T.M.B.)
| | - Philip Drohat
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, USA; (M.B.); (P.D.); (T.M.B.)
| | - Brooke Crawford
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (B.C.); (F.J.H.)
| | - Francis J. Hornicek
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (B.C.); (F.J.H.)
| | - Thomas M. Best
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, USA; (M.B.); (P.D.); (T.M.B.)
| | - Dimitrios Kouroupis
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, USA; (M.B.); (P.D.); (T.M.B.)
- Diabetes Research Institute, Cell Transplant Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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7
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Zhang C, Wang G, An Y. Achieving Nasal Septal Cartilage In Situ Regeneration: Focus on Cartilage Progenitor Cells. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1302. [PMID: 37759702 PMCID: PMC10527213 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The nasal septal cartilage plays an important role in preventing the collapse of the nasal bones and maintaining the appearance of the nose. In the context of inherent difficulties regarding septal cartilage repair and the shortage of cartilage graft resources for regeneration, tissue engineering, especially the in situ strategy based on scaffolds, has become a new prospect and become one of the most promising approaches. Given that it is difficult for chondrocytes to achieve directional migration and secrete matrix components to participate in tissue repair after cartilage injury, cartilage progenitor cells (CPCs), with great migratory ability and stem cell characteristics, have caught the attention of researchers and brought hope for nasal septal cartilage in situ regeneration. In this review, we first summarized the distribution, characteristics, isolation, and culture methods of nasal septal CPCs. Subsequently, we described the roles of migratory CPCs in cartilage regeneration. Finally, we reviewed the existing studies on CPCs-based cartilage tissue engineering and summarized the strategies for promoting the migration and chondrogenesis of CPCs so as to provide ideas for achieving nasal septal cartilage in situ regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yang An
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; (C.Z.)
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8
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Puiggalí-Jou A, Asadikorayem M, Maniura-Weber K, Zenobi-Wong M. Growth factor-loaded sulfated microislands in granular hydrogels promote hMSCs migration and chondrogenic differentiation. Acta Biomater 2023; 166:69-84. [PMID: 37030622 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Cell-based therapies for articular cartilage lesions are expensive and time-consuming; clearly, a one-step procedure to induce endogenous repair would have significant clinical benefits. Acellular heterogeneous granular hydrogels were explored for their injectability, cell-friendly cross-linking, and ability to promote migration, as well as to serve as a scaffold for depositing cartilage extracellular matrix. The hydrogels were prepared by mechanical sizing of bulk methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA) and bulk HAMA incorporating sulfated HAMA (SHAMA). SHAMA's negative charges allowed for the retention of positively charged growth factors (GFs) (e.g., TGFB3 and PDGF-BB). Mixtures of HAMA and GF-loaded SHAMA microgels were annealed by enzymatic cross-linking, forming heterogeneous granular hydrogels with GF deposits. The addition of GF loaded sulfated microislands guided cell migration and enhanced chondrogenesis. Granular heterogeneous hydrogels showed increased matrix deposition and cartilage tissue maturation compared to bulk or homogeneous granular hydrogels. This advanced material provides an ideal 3D environment for guiding cell migration and differentiation into cartilage. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Acellular materials which promote regeneration are of great interest for repair of cartilage defects, and they are more cost- and time-effective compared to current cell-based therapies. Here we develop an injectable, granular hydrogel system which promotes cell migration from the surrounding tissue, facilitating endogenous repair. The hydrogel architecture and chemistry were optimized to increase cell migration and extracellular matrix deposition. The present study provides quantitative data on the effect of microgel size and chemical modification on cell migration, growth factor retention and tissue maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Puiggalí-Jou
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences & Technology, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maryam Asadikorayem
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences & Technology, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Maniura-Weber
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Marcy Zenobi-Wong
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences & Technology, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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9
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Co CM, Nguyen T, Vaish B, Izuagbe S, Borrelli J, Tang L. Biomolecule-releasing bioadhesive for glenoid labrum repair through induced host progenitor cell responses. J Orthop Res 2023; 41:1624-1636. [PMID: 36448179 PMCID: PMC10355087 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Glenoid labral tears occur with repetitive dislocation events and are common injuries observed in shoulder arthroscopic procedures. Although surgery can restore shoulder anatomy, repair is associated with poor clinical outcomes, which may be attributed to the poor regenerative capability of glenoid labral fibrocartilage. Thus, this study was designed to assess whether in situ tissue regeneration via biomolecule-stimulated recruitment of progenitor cells is a viable approach for the regeneration of labral tears. We developed a click chemistry-based bioadhesive to improve labral repair and reduce local inflammatory responses due to trauma. Additionally, we previously identified the presence of progenitor cells in the human labrum, which can be recruited by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Thus, we hypothesized that PDGF-releasing adhesives could induce the regenerative responses of progenitor cells at the injury site to improve labral healing. In a rat glenoid labral tear model, we evaluated the effect of PDGF-releasing adhesives on promoting progenitor cells to participate in labral tear healing. After 3 and 6 weeks, the labrum was histologically analyzed for inflammatory responses, progenitor cell recruitment, proliferation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) production (collagen and glycosaminoglycan). Our results showed that adhesives alone considerably reduced local inflammatory responses and labral tissue dissolution. PDGF-releasing adhesives significantly increased progenitor cell recruitment, proliferation, and ECM production. These results demonstrate that by accelerating autologous progenitor cell responses, PDGF-releasing adhesives represent a novel clinically relevant strategy to improve the healing of glenoid labral tears.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia M Co
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Tam Nguyen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Bhavya Vaish
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Samira Izuagbe
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Joseph Borrelli
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Liping Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
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10
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Kim J, Kim Y, Song S. One-Step Preparation of an Injectable Hydrogel Scaffold System Capable of Sequential Dual-Growth Factor Release to Maximize Bone Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2202401. [PMID: 36453668 PMCID: PMC11468681 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Numerous growth factors are involved in the natural bone healing process, which is precisely controlled in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Mimicking the secretion pattern of growth factors could be an effective means to maximize the bone regeneration effect. However, achieving the sequential delivery of various growth factors without the use of multiple materials or complex scaffold designs is challenging. Herein, an injectable poly(organophosphazene) hydrogel scaffold (IPS) encapsulating bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 and TGFβ-1 (IPS_BT) is studied to mimic the sequential secretion of growth factors involved in natural bone healing. The IPS_BT system is designed to release TGFβ-1 slowly while retaining BMP-2 for a longer period of time. When IPS_BT is injected in vivo, the hydrogel is replaced by bone tissue. In addition, angiogenic (CD31 and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)) and stemness (Nanog and SOX2) markers are highly upregulated in the early stages of bone regeneration. The IPS system developed here has promising applications in tissue engineering because 1) various amounts of the growth factors can be loaded in one step, 2) the release pattern of each growth factor can be controlled via differences in their molecular interactions, and 3) the injected IPS can be degraded and replaced with regenerated bone tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kim
- Center for BiomaterialsBiomedical Research InstituteKorea Institute of Science and TechnologySeoul02792Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio‐Medical Science and TechnologyKIST SchoolKorea University of Science and TechnologySeoul02792Republic of Korea
| | - Young‐Min Kim
- Center for BiomaterialsBiomedical Research InstituteKorea Institute of Science and TechnologySeoul02792Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio‐Medical Science and TechnologyKIST SchoolKorea University of Science and TechnologySeoul02792Republic of Korea
| | - Soo‐Chang Song
- Center for BiomaterialsBiomedical Research InstituteKorea Institute of Science and TechnologySeoul02792Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio‐Medical Science and TechnologyKIST SchoolKorea University of Science and TechnologySeoul02792Republic of Korea
- Nexgel Biotech, Co., Ltd.Seoul02792Republic of Korea
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11
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Graça AL, Gomez-Florit M, Gomes ME, Docheva D. Tendon Aging. Subcell Biochem 2023; 103:121-147. [PMID: 37120467 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26576-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Tendons are mechanosensitive connective tissues responsible for the connection between muscles and bones by transmitting forces that allow the movement of the body, yet, with advancing age, tendons become more prone to degeneration followed by injuries. Tendon diseases are one of the main causes of incapacity worldwide, leading to changes in tendon composition, structure, and biomechanical properties, as well as a decline in regenerative potential. There is still a great lack of knowledge regarding tendon cellular and molecular biology, interplay between biochemistry and biomechanics, and the complex pathomechanisms involved in tendon diseases. Consequently, this reflects a huge need for basic and clinical research to better elucidate the nature of healthy tendon tissue and also tendon aging process and associated diseases. This chapter concisely describes the effects that the aging process has on tendons at the tissue, cellular, and molecular levels and briefly reviews potential biological predictors of tendon aging. Recent research findings that are herein reviewed and discussed might contribute to the development of precision tendon therapies targeting the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luísa Graça
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Manuel Gomez-Florit
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Manuela Estima Gomes
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Denitsa Docheva
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tissue Regeneration, Orthopaedic Hospital König-Ludwig-Haus, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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12
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Xu S, Liu Y, Zhang D, Huang H, Li J, Wei J, Yang Y, Cui Y, Xie J, Zhou X. PDGF-AA promotes gap junction intercellular communication in chondrocytes via the PI3K/Akt pathway. Connect Tissue Res 2022; 63:544-558. [PMID: 35152816 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2022.2036733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) plays an important role in cell growth, development and homeostasis. Connexin 43 (Cx43) is an important half-channel protein responsible for gap junction formation. Platelet-derived growth factor AA (PDGF-AA) regulates the proliferation, migration, metabolism, apoptosis and cell cycle of chondrocytes. However, the role of PDGF-AA in gap junction intercellular communication in chondrocytes is not fully understood. In the current study, we performed experiments to explore the effect of PDGF-AA on GJIC and its underlying biomechanical mechanism. METHODS qPCR was performed to determine the expression of PDGF, PDGFR and connexin family genes in chondrocytes and/or cartilage. A scrape loading/dye transfer assay was used to determine GJIC. Western blot analysis was applied to detect the expression of Cx43 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway proteins. Immunofluorescence staining was utilized to examine protein distribution. Scanning electron microscopy was used to delineate the morphology of chondrocytes. RESULTS Expression of PDGF-A mRNA was highest among the PDGF family in chondrocytes and cartilage tissues. PDGF-AA promoted functional GJIC formation in chondrocytes by upregulating the expression of Cx43. Enhanced functional GJIC formation in chondrocytes induced by PDGF-AA occurred through the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling and its nuclear accumulation. CONCLUSION For the first time, this study provides evidence demonstrating the role of PDGF-AA in cell-to-cell communication in chondrocytes through mediating Cx43 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Demao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongcan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiachi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jieya Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yueyi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujia Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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13
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Wu MJM, Sermer C, Kandel RA, Theodoropoulos JS. Characterization of Migratory Cells From Bioengineered Bovine Cartilage in a 3D Co-culture Model. Am J Sports Med 2022; 50:3090-3101. [PMID: 35983988 PMCID: PMC9442774 DOI: 10.1177/03635465221113325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chondrocyte migration in native cartilage is limited and has been implicated as one of the reasons for the poor integration of native implants. Through use of an in vitro integration model, it has previously been shown that cells from bioengineered cartilage can migrate into the native host cartilage during integration. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) treatment further enhanced integration of bioengineered cartilage to native cartilage in vitro. However, it is not known how PRP treatment of the bioengineered construct promotes this. HYPOTHESIS PRP supports cell migration from bioengineered cartilage and these migratory cells have the ability to accumulate cartilage-like matrix. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Osteochondral-like constructs were generated by culturing primary bovine chondrocytes on the top surface of a porous bone substitute biomaterial composed of calcium polyphosphate. After 1 week in culture, the constructs were submerged in PRP and placed adjacent, but 2 mm distant, to a native bovine osteochondral plug in a co-culture model for 2 weeks. Cell migration was monitored using phase-contrast imaging. Cell phenotype was determined by evaluating the gene expression of matrix metalloprotease 13 (MMP-13), Ki67, and cartilage matrix molecules using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. When tissue formed, it was assessed by histology, immunohistochemistry, and quantification of matrix content. RESULTS PRP treatment resulted in the formation of a fiber network connecting the bioengineered cartilage and native osteochondral plug. Cells from both the bioengineered cartilage and the native osteochondral tissue migrated onto the PRP fibers and formed a tissue bridge after 2 weeks of culture. Migratory cells on the tissue bridge expressed higher levels of collagen types II and I (COL2, COL1), Ki67 and MMP-13 mRNA compared with nonmigratory cells in the bioengineered cartilage. Ki67 and MMP-13-positive cells were found on the edges of the tissue bridge. The tissue bridge accumulated COL1 and COL2 and aggrecan and contained comparable collagen and glycosaminoglycan content to the bioengineered cartilage matrix. The tissue bridge did not reliably develop in the absence of cells from the native osteochondral plug. CONCLUSION Bioengineered cartilage formed by bovine chondrocytes contains cells that can migrate on PRP fibers and form cartilaginous tissue. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Migratory cells from bioengineered cartilage may promote cartilage integration. Further studies are required to determine the role of migratory cells in integration in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Jia Michael Wu
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute,
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and
Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Corey Sermer
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute,
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and
Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rita A. Kandel
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute,
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and
Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine,
Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology,
University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John S. Theodoropoulos
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mount
Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery,
University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Roles of Cartilage-Resident Stem/Progenitor Cells in Cartilage Physiology, Development, Repair and Osteoarthritis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152305. [PMID: 35892602 PMCID: PMC9332847 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease that causes irreversible destruction of articular cartilage for which there is no effective treatment at present. Although articular cartilage lacks intrinsic reparative capacity, numerous studies have confirmed the existence of cartilage-resident stem/progenitor cells (CSPCs) in the superficial zone (SFZ) of articular cartilage. CSPCs are characterized by the expression of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-related surface markers, multilineage differentiation ability, colony formation ability, and migration ability in response to injury. In contrast to MSCs and chondrocytes, CSPCs exhibit extensive proliferative and chondrogenic potential with no signs of hypertrophic differentiation, highlighting them as suitable cell sources for cartilage repair. In this review, we focus on the organizational distribution, markers, cytological features and roles of CSPCs in cartilage development, homeostasis and repair, and the application potential of CSPCs in cartilage repair and OA therapies.
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15
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Shiromoto Y, Niki Y, Kikuchi T, Yoshihara Y, Oguma T, Nemoto K, Chiba K, Kanaji A, Matsumoto M, Nakamura M. Increased migratory activity and cartilage regeneration by superficial-zone chondrocytes in enzymatically treated cartilage explants. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:256. [PMID: 35296296 PMCID: PMC8925221 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05210-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Limited chondrocyte migration and impaired cartilage-to-cartilage healing is a barrier in cartilage regenerative therapy. Collagenase treatment and delivery of a chemotactic agent may play a positive role in chondrocyte repopulation at the site of cartilage damage. This study evaluated chondrocyte migratory activity after enzymatic treatment in cultured cartilage explant. Differential effects of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) dimeric isoforms on the migratory activity were investigated to define major chemotactic factors for cartilage. Methods Full-thickness cartilage (4-mm3 blocks) were harvested from porcine femoral condyles and subjected to explant culture. After 15 min or 60 min of actinase and collagenase treatments, chondrocyte migration and infiltration into a 0.5-mm cartilage gap was investigated. Cell morphology and lubricin, keratan sulfate, and chondroitin 4 sulfate expression in superficial- and deep-zone chondrocytes were assessed. The chemotactic activities of PDGF-AA, −AB, and -BB were measured in each zone of chondrocytes, using a modified Boyden chamber assay. The protein and mRNA expression and histological localization of PDGF-β were analyzed by western blot analysis, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and immunohistochemistry, and results in each cartilage zone were compared. Results Superficial-zone chondrocytes had higher migratory activity than deep-zone chondrocytes and actively bridged the cartilage gap, while metachromatic staining by toluidine blue and immunoreactivities of keratan sulfate and chondroitin 4 sulfate were detected around the cells migrating from the superficial zone. These superficial-zone cells with weak immunoreactivity for lubricin tended to enter the cartilage gap and possessed higher migratory activity, while the deep-zone chondrocytes remained in the lacuna and exhibited less migratory activity. Among PDGF isoforms, PDGF-AB maximized the degree of chemotactic activity of superficial zone chondrocytes. Increased expression of PDGF receptor-β was associated with higher migratory activity of the superficial-zone chondrocytes. Conclusions In enzymatically treated cartilage explant culture, chondrocyte migration and infiltration into the cartilage gap was higher in the superficial zone than in the deep zone. Preferential expression of PDGF receptor-β combined with the PDGF-AB dimeric isoform may explain the increased migratory activity of the superficial-zone chondrocytes. Cells migrating from superficial zone may contribute to cartilage regeneration. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12891-022-05210-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Shiromoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa City, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Yasuo Niki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Toshiyuki Kikuchi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Hospital Organization, Murayama Medical Center, 2-37-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama City, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan
| | - Yasuo Yoshihara
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa City, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Hospital Organization, Murayama Medical Center, 2-37-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama City, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan
| | - Takemi Oguma
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa City, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Koichi Nemoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa City, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Chiba
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa City, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Arihiko Kanaji
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Morio Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
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Potential Anti-Inflammatory Effects of a New Lyophilized Formulation of the Conditioned Medium Derived from Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030683. [PMID: 35327485 PMCID: PMC8944955 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The mesenchymal stem cells’ (MSCs) secretome includes the bioactive molecules released in the conditioned medium (CM), such as soluble proteins, free nucleic acids, lipids and extracellular vesicles. The secretome is known to mediate some of the beneficial properties related to MSCs, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and regenerative capacities. In this work, we aim to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of a new lyophilized formulation of CM derived from human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs). With this aim, we treat hPDLSCs with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and test the anti-inflammatory potential of lyophilized CM (LYO) through the evaluation of wound closure, transcriptomic and immunofluorescence analysis. LPS treatment increased the expression of TLR4 and of genes involved in its signaling and in p38 and NF-κB activation, also increasing the expression of cytokines and chemokines. Interestingly, LYO downregulated the expression of genes involved in Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and p38 signaling. As a consequence, the genes encoding for cytokines and chemokines were also downregulated. Immunofluorescence acquisitions confirmed the downregulation of TLR-4 and NF-κB with the LYO treatment. Moreover, the LYO treatment also increased hPDLSCs’ migration. LYO was demonstrated to contain transforming growth factor (TGF)-β3 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). These results suggest that LYO represents an efficacious formulation with anti-inflammatory potential and highlights lyophilization as a valid method to produce stable formulations of MSCs’ secretome.
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17
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Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-Functionalized Scaffolds for the Recruitment of Synovial Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Osteochondral Repair. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:2190447. [PMID: 35126525 PMCID: PMC8813289 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2190447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cartilage regeneration is still a challenge for clinicians because of avascularity, denervation, load-bearing, synovial movement, and the paucity of endogenous repair cells. We constructed a multilayered osteochondral bionic scaffold and examined its repair capacity using a rabbit osteochondral defect model. The cartilage phase and interface layer of the scaffold were prepared by freeze-drying, whereas the bone phase of the scaffold was prepared by high-temperature sintering. The three-phase osteochondral bionic scaffold was formed by joining the hydroxyapatite (HAp) and silk fibroin (SF) scaffolds using the repeated freeze-thaw method. Different groups of scaffolds were implanted into the rabbit osteochondral defect model, and their repair capacities were assessed using imaging and histological analyses. The cartilage phase and the interface layer of the scaffold had a pore size of 110.13 ± 29.38 and 96.53 ± 33.72 μm, respectively. All generated scaffolds exhibited a honeycomb porous structure. The polydopamine- (PDA-) modified scaffold released platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) for 4 weeks continuously, reaching a cumulative release of 71.74 ± 5.38%. Synovial mesenchymal stem cells (SMSCs) adhered well to all scaffolds, but demonstrated the strongest proliferation ability in the HSPP (HAp-Silk-PDA-PDGF) group. Following scaffold-induced chondrogenic differentiation, SMSCs produced much chondrocyte extracellular matrix (ECM). In in vivo experiments, the HSPP group exhibited a significantly higher gross tissue morphology score and achieved cartilage regeneration at an earlier stage and a significantly better repair process compared with the other groups (P < 0.05). Histological analysis revealed that the new cartilage tissue in the experimental group had a better shape and almost filled the defect area, whereas the scaffold was nearly completely degraded. The new cartilage was effectively fused with the surrounding normal cartilage, and a substantial amount of chondrocyte ECM was formed. The SF/HAp three-layer osteochondral bionic scaffold exhibited favorable pore size, porosity, and drug sustained-release properties. It demonstrated good biocompatibility in vitro and encouraging repair effect at osteochondral defect site in vivo, thereby expected to enabling the repair and regeneration of osteochondral damage.
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18
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Peng Y, Li J, Lin H, Tian S, Liu S, Pu F, Zhao L, Ma K, Qing X, Shao Z. Endogenous repair theory enriches construction strategies for orthopaedic biomaterials: a narrative review. BIOMATERIALS TRANSLATIONAL 2021; 2:343-360. [PMID: 35837417 PMCID: PMC9255795 DOI: 10.12336/biomatertransl.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of tissue engineering has led to new strategies for mitigating clinical problems; however, the design of the tissue engineering materials remains a challenge. The limited sources and inadequate function, potential risk of microbial or pathogen contamination, and high cost of cell expansion impair the efficacy and limit the application of exogenous cells in tissue engineering. However, endogenous cells in native tissues have been reported to be capable of spontaneous repair of the damaged tissue. These cells exhibit remarkable plasticity, and thus can differentiate or be reprogrammed to alter their phenotype and function after stimulation. After a comprehensive review, we found that the plasticity of these cells plays a major role in establishing the cell source in the mechanism involved in tissue regeneration. Tissue engineering materials that focus on assisting and promoting the natural self-repair function of endogenous cells may break through the limitations of exogenous seed cells and further expand the applications of tissue engineering materials in tissue repair. This review discusses the effects of endogenous cells, especially stem cells, on injured tissue repairing, and highlights the potential utilisation of endogenous repair in orthopaedic biomaterial constructions for bone, cartilage, and intervertebral disc regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhong Peng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jinye Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Shuo Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Feifei Pu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Kaige Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiangcheng Qing
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zengwu Shao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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Tan S, Fang W, Vangsness CT, Han B. Influence of Cellular Microenvironment on Human Articular Chondrocyte Cell Signaling. Cartilage 2021; 13:935S-946S. [PMID: 32672057 PMCID: PMC8804849 DOI: 10.1177/1947603520941219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alteration of the cellular microenvironment may influence the intra- and intercellular communication and contribute to cartilage injury and repair. The purpose of this study was to investigate how matrix elasticity/stiffness affects chondrogenic activities, including cell survival, phenotypic expression, and the release of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. DESIGN Human articular chondrocytes (HACs) cultured on traditional 2-dimensional (2D) plastic surfaces were compared with those cultured within 3D hydrogel matrices of varying stiffness. Chondrogenic proliferation, differentiation, and the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were evaluated. Both interleukin-1-beta (IL-1β) and human synovial fluid-derived cells (hSFCs) were introduced to study the effects of matrix stiffness on chondrocyte response. RESULTS Cells demonstrated the most robust chondrogenic differentiation and secreted the least pro-inflammatory cytokines when the matrix stiffness was close to their native microenvironment. The IL-1β effects were attenuated when HACs were co-cultured with hSFCs. CONCLUSION Modifying the matrix stiffness to mimic the native cartilage microenvironment not only optimized chondrogenic expression but also was essential for the regulation of physiological homeostasis. This study proposed a new toolkit to study cell-molecule, cell-cell, and cell-matrix influence on cartilage physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- ShihJye Tan
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical
Engineering, Keck School of Medicine, Uuniversity of Southern California, Los
Angeles, CA, USA
| | - William Fang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck
School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - C. Thomas Vangsness
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck
School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical
Engineering, Keck School of Medicine, Uuniversity of Southern California, Los
Angeles, CA, USA,Bo Han, Department of Surgery and Biomedical
Engineering, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1333
San Pablo Street, BMT 302A, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9112, USA.
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20
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Putri KT, Prasetyono TOH. A critical review on the potential role of adipose-derived stem cells for future treatment of hypertrophic scars. J Cosmet Dermatol 2021; 21:1913-1919. [PMID: 34619011 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) have recently gained researchers' interest as a solution to various diseases and conditions, including hypertrophic scar. This literature review aims to elucidate ASCs as a potential solution to alleviate hypertrophic scar in human subjects. METHODS Literature search was done in databases which includes PubMed, MEDLINE, and ProQuest using terms 'adipose derived stem cells', 'adipose cells', 'fat graft', 'fat grafting', 'autologous fat graft', 'fat injection', 'lipofilling', 'scar management', 'scar treatment', 'burn scar', and 'wound management'. The included articles which were published during year 2000-November 2020 must describe the use of ASCs or fat grafting or lipofilling as an attempt to alleviate hypertrophic scar. REMARKS Clinically, ASCs improve hypertrophic scars in terms of scar color, elasticity, texture, thickness, and size. Histologically, ASCs promotes healthy tissue regeneration, reduction in fibroblasts, and reorganisation of collagen, resembling those of normal skin. In terms of molecular aspects, ASCs alleviates hypertrophic scars through direct differentiation and paracrine mechanisms. CONCLUSION Adipose-derived stem cells, emerge to be a potential solution for alleviating hypertrophic scar, as demonstrated in various studies. However, there has been no studies conducted in human subjects to investigate the effect of ASCs on hypertrophic scar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Teja Putri
- Undergraduate Study Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Theddeus Octavianus Hari Prasetyono
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital/Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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21
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Cai B, Lin D, Li Y, Wang L, Xie J, Dai T, Liu F, Tang M, Tian L, Yuan Y, Kong L, Shen SGF. N2-Polarized Neutrophils Guide Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cell Recruitment and Initiate Bone Regeneration: A Missing Piece of the Bone Regeneration Puzzle. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2100584. [PMID: 34382372 PMCID: PMC8498914 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The role of neutrophils in bone regeneration remains elusive. In this study, it is shown that intramuscular implantation of interleukin-8 (IL-8) (commonly recognized as a chemotactic cytokine for neutrophils) at different levels lead to outcomes resembling those of fracture hematoma at various stages. Ectopic endochondral ossification is induced by certain levels of IL-8, during which neutrophils are recruited to the implanted site and are N2-polarized, which then secrete stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) for bone mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) chemotaxis via the SDF-1/CXCR4 (C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4) axis and its downstream phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway and β-catenin-mediated migration. Neutrophils are pivotal for recruiting and orchestrating innate and adaptive immunocytes, as well as BMSCs at the initial stage of bone healing and regeneration. The results in this study delineate the mechanism of neutrophil-initiated bone regeneration and interaction between neutrophils and BMSCs, and innate and adaptive immunities. This work lays the foundation for research in the fields of bone regenerative therapy and biomaterial development, and might inspire further research into novel therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolei Cai
- Department of Oral & Cranio‐Maxillofacial SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalCollege of StomatologyShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesShanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of StomatologyShanghai200011China
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgerySchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Dan Lin
- Department of Oral & Cranio‐Maxillofacial SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalCollege of StomatologyShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesShanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of StomatologyShanghai200011China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Le Wang
- Department of Oral & Cranio‐Maxillofacial SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalCollege of StomatologyShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesShanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of StomatologyShanghai200011China
| | - Jirong Xie
- Department of Oral & Cranio‐Maxillofacial SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalCollege of StomatologyShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesShanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of StomatologyShanghai200011China
- Department of ProsthodonticsSchool of Stomatologythe Jiamusi UniversityJiamusi154003China
| | - Taiqiang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgerySchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Fuwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgerySchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Mingyue Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgerySchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Lei Tian
- Department of Oral & Cranio‐Maxillofacial SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalCollege of StomatologyShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesShanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of StomatologyShanghai200011China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and Engineeringand Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of EducationEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237P. R. China
| | - Liang Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgerySchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Steve G. F. Shen
- Department of Oral & Cranio‐Maxillofacial SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalCollege of StomatologyShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesShanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of StomatologyShanghai200011China
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health SciencesShanghai201318P. R. China
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Höving AL, Schmitz J, Schmidt KE, Greiner JFW, Knabbe C, Kaltschmidt B, Grünberger A, Kaltschmidt C. Human Blood Serum Induces p38-MAPK- and Hsp27-Dependent Migration Dynamics of Adult Human Cardiac Stem Cells: Single-Cell Analysis via a Microfluidic-Based Cultivation Platform. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10080708. [PMID: 34439941 PMCID: PMC8389316 DOI: 10.3390/biology10080708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Adult human stem cells possess the ability to contribute to endogenous regeneration processes of injured tissue by migrating to specific locations. For stem cell-based clinical applications it is highly important to gain knowledge about the migration behavior of adult human stem cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms of this ability. Human blood serum has been shown to have beneficial effects on other regenerative capacities of adult human stem cells. Within this study we tested the effect of human blood serum on the migration behavior of stem cells from the human heart. We used a microfluidic cultivation device, which allowed us to monitor the living cells and their movement behavior in real time. After addition of human blood serum, the heart stem cells increased their speed of movement and covered distance. Further, we observed that this effect could be diminished by inhibition of a specific kinase, p38-MAPK. Thus, our data suggest beneficial effects of human blood serum on adult human heart stem cells dependent on p38-MAPK. Our study contributes to a deeper understanding of the dynamics of stem cell migration and introduces a new platform to monitor stem cell movement in real time. Abstract Migratory capabilities of adult human stem cells are vital for assuring endogenous tissue regeneration and stem cell-based clinical applications. Although human blood serum has been shown to be beneficial for cell migration and proliferation, little is known about its impact on the migratory behavior of cardiac stem cells and underlying signaling pathways. Within this study, we investigated the effects of human blood serum on primary human cardiac stem cells (hCSCs) from the adult heart auricle. On a technical level, we took advantage of a microfluidic cultivation platform, which allowed us to characterize cell morphologies and track migration of single hCSCs via live cell imaging over a period of up to 48 h. Our findings showed a significantly increased migration distance and speed of hCSCs after treatment with human serum compared to control. Exposure of blood serum-stimulated hCSCs to the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38-MAPK) inhibitor SB239063 resulted in significantly decreased migration. Moreover, we revealed increased phosphorylation of heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) upon serum treatment, which was diminished by p38-MAPK-inhibition. In summary, we demonstrate human blood serum as a strong inducer of adult human cardiac stem cell migration dependent on p38-MAPK/Hsp27-signalling. Our findings further emphasize the great potential of microfluidic cultivation devices for assessing spatio-temporal migration dynamics of adult human stem cells on a single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L. Höving
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (K.E.S.); (J.F.W.G.); (B.K.); (C.K.)
- Heart and Diabetes Centre NRW, Institute for Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany;
- Correspondence:
| | - Julian Schmitz
- Multiscale Bioengineering, Faculty of Technology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Kazuko E. Schmidt
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (K.E.S.); (J.F.W.G.); (B.K.); (C.K.)
- Heart and Diabetes Centre NRW, Institute for Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany;
| | - Johannes F. W. Greiner
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (K.E.S.); (J.F.W.G.); (B.K.); (C.K.)
| | - Cornelius Knabbe
- Heart and Diabetes Centre NRW, Institute for Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany;
| | - Barbara Kaltschmidt
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (K.E.S.); (J.F.W.G.); (B.K.); (C.K.)
- Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Alexander Grünberger
- Multiscale Bioengineering, Faculty of Technology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Christian Kaltschmidt
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (K.E.S.); (J.F.W.G.); (B.K.); (C.K.)
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23
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Guo JL, Kim YS, Koons GL, Lam J, Navara AM, Barrios S, Xie VY, Watson E, Smith BT, Pearce HA, Orchard EA, van den Beucken JJJP, Jansen JA, Wong ME, Mikos AG. Bilayered, peptide-biofunctionalized hydrogels for in vivo osteochondral tissue repair. Acta Biomater 2021; 128:120-129. [PMID: 33930575 PMCID: PMC8222183 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Osteochondral defects present a unique clinical challenge due to their combination of phenotypically distinct cartilage and bone, which require specific, stratified biochemical cues for tissue regeneration. Furthermore, the articular cartilage exhibits significantly worse regeneration than bone due to its largely acellular and avascular nature, prompting significant demand for regenerative therapies. To address these clinical challenges, we have developed a bilayered, modular hydrogel system that enables the click functionalization of cartilage- and bone-specific biochemical cues to each layer. In this system, the crosslinker poly(glycolic acid)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(glycolic acid)-di(but-2-yne-1,4-dithiol) (PdBT) was click conjugated with either a cartilage- or bone-specific peptide sequence of interest, and then mixed with a suspension of thermoresponsive polymer and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to generate tissue-specific, cell-encapsulated hydrogel layers targeting the cartilage or bone. We implanted bilayered hydrogels in rabbit femoral condyle defects and investigated the effects of tissue-specific peptide presentation and cell encapsulation on osteochondral tissue repair. After 12 weeks implantation, hydrogels with a chondrogenic peptide sequence produced higher histological measures of overall defect filling, cartilage surface regularity, glycosaminoglycan (GAG)/cell content of neocartilage and adjacent cartilage, and bone filling and bonding compared to non-chondrogenic hydrogels. Furthermore, MSC encapsulation promoted greater histological measures of overall defect filling, cartilage thickness, GAG/cell content of neocartilage, and bone filling. Our results establish the utility of this click functionalized hydrogel system for in vivo repair of the osteochondral unit. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Osteochondral repair requires mimicry of both cartilage- and bone-specific biochemical cues, which are highly distinct. While traditional constructs for osteochondral repair have mimicked gross compositional differences between the cartilage and bone in mineral content, mechanical properties, proteins, or cell types, few constructs have recapitulated the specific biochemical cues responsible for the differential development of cartilage and bone. In this study, click biofunctionalized, bilayered hydrogels produced stratified presentation of developmentally inspired peptide sequences for chondrogenesis and osteogenesis. This work represents, to the authors' knowledge, the first application of bioconjugation chemistry for the simultaneous repair of bone and cartilage tissue. The conjugation of tissue-specific peptide sequences successfully promoted development of both cartilage and bone tissues in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason L Guo
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Yu Seon Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Gerry L Koons
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Johnny Lam
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| | - Adam M Navara
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Sergio Barrios
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Virginia Y Xie
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Emma Watson
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Brandon T Smith
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Hannah A Pearce
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
| | | | | | - John A Jansen
- Department of Dentistry - Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Mark E Wong
- Department of Surgery, Division of Maxillofacial Surgery, The University of Texas School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Antonios G Mikos
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
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24
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Chen H, Liu O, Chen S, Zhou Y. Aging and Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Therapeutic Opportunities and Challenges in the Older Group. Gerontology 2021; 68:339-352. [PMID: 34161948 DOI: 10.1159/000516668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
With aging, a portion of cells, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), become senescent, and these senescent cells accumulate and promote various age-related diseases. Therefore, the older age group has become a major population for MSC therapy, which is aimed at improving tissue regeneration and function of the aged body. However, the application of MSC therapy is often unsatisfying in the aged group. One reasonable conjecture for this correlation is that aging microenvironment reduces the number and function of MSCs. Cellular senescence also plays an important role in MSC function impairment. Thus, it is necessary to explore the relationship between senescence and MSCs for improving the application of MSCs in the elderly. Here, we present the influence of aging on MSCs and the characteristics and functional changes of senescent MSCs. Furthermore, current therapeutic strategies for improving MSC therapy in the elderly group are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care, Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, and Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ousheng Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care, Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, and Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sijia Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care, Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, and Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yueying Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care, Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, and Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
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25
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Hu H, Liu W, Sun C, Wang Q, Yang W, Zhang Z, Xia Z, Shao Z, Wang B. Endogenous Repair and Regeneration of Injured Articular Cartilage: A Challenging but Promising Therapeutic Strategy. Aging Dis 2021; 12:886-901. [PMID: 34094649 PMCID: PMC8139200 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage (AC) has a very limited intrinsic repair capacity after injury or disease. Although exogenous cell-based regenerative approaches have obtained acceptable outcomes, they are usually associated with complicated procedures, donor-site morbidities and cell differentiation during ex vivo expansion. In recent years, endogenous regenerative strategy by recruiting resident mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSPCs) into the injured sites, as a promising alternative, has gained considerable attention. It takes full advantage of body's own regenerative potential to repair and regenerate injured tissue while avoiding exogenous regenerative approach-associated limitations. Like most tissues, there are also multiple stem-cell niches in AC and its surrounding tissues. These MSPCs have the potential to migrate into injured sites to produce replacement cells under appropriate stimuli. Traditional microfracture procedure employs the concept of MSPCs recruitment usually fails to regenerate normal hyaline cartilage. The reasons for this failure might be attributed to an inadequate number of recruiting cells and adverse local tissue microenvironment after cartilage injury. A strategy that effectively improves local matrix microenvironment and recruits resident MSPCs may enhance the success of endogenous AC regeneration (EACR). In this review, we focused on the reasons why AC cannot regenerate itself in spite of potential self-repair capacity and summarized the latest developments of the three key components in the field of EACR. In addition, we discussed the challenges facing in the present EACR strategy. This review will provide an increasing understanding of EACR and attract more researchers to participate in this promising research arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Hu
- 1Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Weijian Liu
- 1Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Caixia Sun
- 2Department of Gynecology, General Hospital of the Yangtze River Shipping, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Qiuyuan Wang
- 3Department of Nephrology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441100, China
| | - Wenbo Yang
- 1Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - ZhiCai Zhang
- 1Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zhidao Xia
- 4Centre for Nanohealth, ILS2, Swansea university Medical school, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Zengwu Shao
- 1Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Baichuan Wang
- 1Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,4Centre for Nanohealth, ILS2, Swansea university Medical school, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
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26
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Cao NJ, Zhu YH, Gao F, Liang C, Wang ZB, Zhang Y, Hao CP, Wang W. Gradient nanostructured titanium stimulates cell responses in vitro and enhances osseointegration in vivo. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:531. [PMID: 33987229 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-7588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Though titanium (Ti) is widely used as dental materials in the clinic, effective methods to treat Ti for higher surface biological activity still lack. Through Surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) technology we could endow Ti with gradient nanostructured surface (GNS Ti). To investigate the biocompatibility of GNS Ti for its further application in dental implant field, we study the effects of GNS Ti on cell responses in vitro and osseointegration of the implant with surrounding bone tissues in vivo. Methods In this study, GNS Ti was fabricated by SMAT. In vitro experiment, we co-cultured GNS Ti with bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), surface characterization was detected by transmission electron microscope (TEM). Adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of BMSCs were evaluated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), MTT, flow cytometry (FCM), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OCN) tests. In vivo experiment, the GNS Ti was implanted into the rabbit mandible. Osteogenesis and osseointegration were evaluated by Micro CT, toluidine blue staining, and immunohistochemical staining at 4, 8, and 12 weeks postoperatively. Results Both results showed that compared with the coarse grained (CG) Ti, the GNS Ti stimulated the adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of BMSCs and improved osteogenesis and osseointegration. Conclusions This study indicates that gradient nanostructured Ti is a promising material for dental implant application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Jue Cao
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China.,The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Yu-He Zhu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Fei Gao
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhen-Bo Wang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Chun-Ping Hao
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
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Huang J, Kong Y, Xie C, Zhou L. Stem/progenitor cell in kidney: characteristics, homing, coordination, and maintenance. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:197. [PMID: 33743826 PMCID: PMC7981824 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02266-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal failure has a high prevalence and is becoming a public health problem worldwide. However, the renal replacement therapies such as dialysis are not yet satisfactory for its multiple complications. While stem/progenitor cell-mediated tissue repair and regenerative medicine show there is light at the end of tunnel. Hence, a better understanding of the characteristics of stem/progenitor cells in kidney and their homing capacity would greatly promote the development of stem cell research and therapy in the kidney field and open a new route to explore new strategies of kidney protection. In this review, we generally summarize the main stem/progenitor cells derived from kidney in situ or originating from the circulation, especially bone marrow. We also elaborate on the kidney-specific microenvironment that allows stem/progenitor cell growth and chemotaxis, and comment on their interaction. Finally, we highlight potential strategies for improving the therapeutic effects of stem/progenitor cell-based therapy. Our review provides important clues to better understand and control the growth of stem cells in kidneys and develop new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiewu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yaozhong Kong
- Department of Nephrology, the First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Chao Xie
- Department of Nephrology, the First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Lili Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou, 510515, China. .,Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China.
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28
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Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Stimulated Migration of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells into an Injectable Gelatin-Hydroxyphenyl Propionic Acid Matrix. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020203. [PMID: 33671438 PMCID: PMC7923108 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (bMSCs) are responsible in the repair of injured tissue through differentiation into multiple cell types and secretion of paracrine factors, and thus have a broad application profile in tissue engineering/regenerative medicine, especially for the musculoskeletal system. The lesion due to injury or disease may be a closed irregular-shaped cavity deep within tissue necessitating an injectable biomaterial permissive of host (endogenous) cell migration, proliferation and differentiation. Gelatin-hydroxyphenyl propionic acid (Gtn-HPA) is a natural biopolymer hydrogel which is covalently cross-linked by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in situ and can be delivered to the lesion by needle injection. Growth factors and cytokines can be directly incorporated into the gel or into nano- and micro-particles, which can be employed for sustained release of biomolecules while maintaining their bioactivity. In this study, we selected polyelectrolyte complex nanoparticles (PCNs) prepared with dextran sulfate and chitosan as the carrier for platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB and stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1α, which have been tested effectively in recruiting stem cells. Our in vitro results showed a high degree of viability of bMSCs through the process of Gtn-HPA covalent cross-linking gelation. The Gtn-HPA matrix was highly permissive of bMSC migration, proliferation, and differentiation. PDGF-BB (20 ng/mL) directly incorporated into the gel and, alternatively, released from PCNs stimulated bMSC migration and proliferation. There were only small differences in the results for the direct incorporation of PDGF into the gel compared with its release from PCNs, and for increased doses of the growth factor (200 ng/mL and 2 µg/mL). In contrast, SDF-1α elicited an increase in migration and proliferation only when released from PCNs; its effect on migration was notably less than PDGF-BB. The in vitro results demonstrate that PDGF-BB substantially increases migration of bMSCs into Gtn-HPA and their proliferation in the gel, and that these benefits can be derived from incorporation of a relatively low dose of the growth factor directly into the gel. These findings commend the use of Gtn-HPA/PDGF-BB as an injectable therapeutic agent to treat defects in musculoskeletal tissues.
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29
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Mustapich T, Schwartz J, Palacios P, Liang H, Sgaglione N, Grande DA. A Novel Strategy to Enhance Microfracture Treatment With Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1 in a Rat Model. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:595932. [PMID: 33634095 PMCID: PMC7902012 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.595932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microfracture is one of the most widely used techniques for the repair of articular cartilage. However, microfracture often results in filling of the chondral defect with fibrocartilage, which exhibits poor durability and sub-optimal mechanical properties. Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) is a potent chemoattractant for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and is expressed at high levels in bone marrow adjacent to developing cartilage during endochondral bone formation. Integrating SDF-1 into an implantable collagen scaffold may provide a chondro-conductive and chondro-inductive milieu via chemotaxis of MSCs and promotion of chondrogenic differentiation, facilitating more robust hyaline cartilage formation following microfracture. Objective This work aimed to confirm the chemoattractive properties of SDF-1 in vitro and develop a one-step method for incorporating SDF-1 in vivo to enhance cartilage repair using a rat osteochondral defect model. Methods Bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs) were harvested from the femurs of Sprague–Dawley rats and cultured in low-glucose Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum, with the medium changed every 3 days. Passage 1 MSCs were analyzed by flow cytometry with an S3 Cell Sorter (Bio-Rad). In vitro cell migration assays were performed on MSCs by labeling cells with carboxyfluorescein diacetate, succinimidyl ester (CFDA-SE; Bio-Rad). For the microfracture model, a 1.6-mm-diameter osteochondral defect was created in the femoral trochleae of 20 Sprague–Dawley rats bilaterally until bone marrow spillage was seen under saline irrigation. One knee was chosen at random to receive implantation of the scaffold, and the contralateral knee was left unfilled as an empty control. Type I collagen scaffolds (Kensey Nash) were coated with either gelatin only or gelatin and SDF-1 using a dip coating process. The rats received implantation of either a gelatin-only scaffold (N = 10) or gelatin-and-SDF-1 scaffold (N = 10) at the site of the microfracture. Femurs were collected for histological analyses at 4- and 8-week time points post-operatively, and sections were stained with Safranin O/Fast Green. The samples were graded blindly by two observers using the Modified O’Driscoll score, a validated scoring system for chondral repair. A minimum of 10 separate grading scores were made per sample and averaged. Quantitative comparisons of cell migration in vitro were performed with one-way ANOVA. Cartilage repair in vivo was also compared among groups with one-way ANOVA, and the results were presented as mean ± standard deviation, with P-values < 0.05 considered as statistically significant. Results MSC migration showed a dose–response relationship with SDF-1, with an optimal dosage for chemotaxis between 10 and 100 ng/ml. After scaffold implantation, the SDF-1-treated group demonstrated complete filling of the cartilage defect with mature cartilage tissue, exhibiting strong proteoglycan content, smooth borders, and good incorporation into marginal cartilage. Modified O’Driscoll scores after 8 weeks showed a significant improvement of cartilage repair in the SDF-1 group relative to the empty control group (P < 0.01), with a trend toward improvement when compared with the gelatin-only-scaffold group (P < 0.1). No significant differences in scores were found between the empty defect group and gelatin-only group. Conclusion In this study, we demonstrated a simple method for improving the quality of cartilage defect repair in a rat model of microfracture. We confirmed the chemotactic properties of SDF-1 on rat MSCs and found an optimized dosage range for chemotaxis between 10 and 100 ng/ml. Furthermore, we demonstrated a strategy to incorporate SDF-1 into gelatin–collagen I scaffolds in vivo at the site of an osteochondral defect. SDF-1-treated defects displayed robust hyaline cartilage resurfacing of the defect with minimal fibrous tissue, in contrast to the empty control group. The results of the in vitro and in vivo studies together suggest that SDF-1-mediated signaling may significantly improve the quality of cartilage regeneration in an osteochondral defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Mustapich
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - John Schwartz
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Pablo Palacios
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Haixiang Liang
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Nicholas Sgaglione
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY, United States
| | - Daniel A Grande
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY, United States
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Kadir ND, Yang Z, Hassan A, Denslin V, Lee EH. Electrospun fibers enhanced the paracrine signaling of mesenchymal stem cells for cartilage regeneration. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:100. [PMID: 33536060 PMCID: PMC7860031 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02137-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secretome profiles of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are reflective of their local microenvironments. These biologically active factors exert an impact on the surrounding cells, eliciting regenerative responses that create an opportunity for exploiting MSCs towards a cell-free therapy for cartilage regeneration. The conventional method of culturing MSCs on a tissue culture plate (TCP) does not provide the physiological microenvironment for optimum secretome production. In this study, we explored the potential of electrospun fiber sheets with specific orientation in influencing the MSC secretome production and its therapeutic value in repairing cartilage. METHODS Conditioned media (CM) were generated from MSCs cultured either on TCP or electrospun fiber sheets of distinct aligned or random fiber orientation. The paracrine potential of CM in affecting chondrogenic differentiation, migration, proliferation, inflammatory modulation, and survival of MSCs and chondrocytes was assessed. The involvement of FAK and ERK mechanotransduction pathways in modulating MSC secretome were also investigated. RESULTS We showed that conditioned media of MSCs cultured on electrospun fiber sheets compared to that generated from TCP have improved secretome yield and profile, which enhanced the migration and proliferation of MSCs and chondrocytes, promoted MSC chondrogenesis, mitigated inflammation in both MSCs and chondrocytes, as well as protected chondrocytes from apoptosis. Amongst the fiber sheet-generated CM, aligned fiber-generated CM (ACM) was better at promoting cell proliferation and augmenting MSC chondrogenesis, while randomly oriented fiber-generated CM (RCM) was more efficient in mitigating the inflammation assault. FAK and ERK signalings were shown to participate in the modulation of MSC morphology and its secretome production. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates topographical-dependent MSC paracrine activities and the potential of employing electrospun fiber sheets to improve the MSC secretome for cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Dinah Kadir
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, Level 11, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119288, Singapore.,Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, DSO (Kent Ridge) Building, #04-01, 27 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117510, Singapore
| | - Zheng Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, Level 11, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119288, Singapore. .,Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, DSO (Kent Ridge) Building, #04-01, 27 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117510, Singapore.
| | - Afizah Hassan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, Level 11, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119288, Singapore
| | - Vinitha Denslin
- Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, DSO (Kent Ridge) Building, #04-01, 27 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117510, Singapore
| | - Eng Hin Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, Level 11, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119288, Singapore. .,Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, DSO (Kent Ridge) Building, #04-01, 27 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117510, Singapore.
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Insights into the mechanism of vascular endothelial cells on bone biology. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:227494. [PMID: 33403387 PMCID: PMC7816070 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20203258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the skeletal system, blood vessels not only function as a conduit system for transporting gases, nutrients, metabolic waste, or cells but also provide multifunctional signal molecules regulating bone development, regeneration, and remodeling. Endothelial cells (ECs) in bone tissues, unlike in other organ tissues, are in direct contact with the pericytes of blood vessels, resulting in a closer connection with peripheral connective tissues. Close-contact ECs contribute to osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis by secreting various cytokines in the paracrine or juxtacrine pathways. An increasing number of studies have revealed that extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from ECs can directly regulate maturation process of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. The different pathways focus on targets at different distances, forming the basis of the intimate spatial and temporal link between bone tissue and blood vessels. Here, we provide a systematic review to elaborate on the function of ECs in bone biology and its underlying mechanisms based on three aspects: paracrine, EVs, and juxtacrine. This review proposes the possibility of a therapeutic strategy targeting blood vessels, as an adjuvant treatment for bone disorders.
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Alshihri A, Niu W, Kämmerer PW, Al-Askar M, Yamashita A, Kurisawa M, Spector M. The effects of shock wave stimulation of mesenchymal stem cells on proliferation, migration, and differentiation in an injectable gelatin matrix for osteogenic regeneration. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 14:1630-1640. [PMID: 32885906 DOI: 10.1002/term.3126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of a variety of defects in bony sites could benefit from mitogenic stimulation of osteoprogenitor cells, including endogenous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (bMSCs), and from provision of such cells with a matrix permissive of their migration, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation. That such MSC stimulation could result from treatment with noninvasive (extracorporeal) shock waves (ESWs), and the matrix delivered by injection could enable this therapeutic approach to be employed for applications in which preformed scaffolds and growth factor therapy are difficult to deploy. The objectives of the present study were to investigate focused ESWs for their effects on proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation in an injectable gelatin (Gtn) matrix capable of undergoing covalent cross-linking in vivo. Gtn was conjugated with hydroxyphenyl propionic acid (HPA) in order to enable it to be covalently cross-linked with minute amounts of horseradish peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide. The results demonstrated that 500 shocks of 0.4-mJ/mm2 energy flux density resulted in a twofold greater proliferation of bMSCs in the Gtn-HPA matrix after 14 days, compared with bMSCs grown with supplementation with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB, a known mitogen for bMSCs. Moreover, SW treatment enhanced substantially osteogenic differentiation of bMSCs. The Gtn-HPA gel was permissive of MSC migration under the chemotactic influence of the growth factor, PDGF-BB, incorporated into and released by the gel. ESW treatment had no effect on the motility of the MSCs. The findings of the study warrant further investigation of this combined treatment modality for select bony defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmonem Alshihri
- Department of restorative and biomaterials sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Tissue Engineering, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wanting Niu
- Tissue Engineering, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Orthopedics department, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peer W Kämmerer
- Tissue Engineering, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Orthopedics department, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Oral, Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, Mainz University Medical Centre, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mansour Al-Askar
- College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Myron Spector
- Tissue Engineering, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Orthopedics department, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Yang Z, Li H, Yuan Z, Fu L, Jiang S, Gao C, Wang F, Zha K, Tian G, Sun Z, Huang B, Wei F, Cao F, Sui X, Peng J, Lu S, Guo W, Liu S, Guo Q. Endogenous cell recruitment strategy for articular cartilage regeneration. Acta Biomater 2020; 114:31-52. [PMID: 32652223 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the absence of timely and proper treatments, injuries to articular cartilage (AC) can lead to cartilage degeneration and ultimately result in osteoarthritis. Regenerative medicine and tissue engineering techniques are emerging as promising approaches for AC regeneration and repair. Although the use of cell-seeded scaffolds prior to implantation can regenerate and repair cartilage lesions to some extent, these approaches are still restricted by limited cell sources, excessive costs, risks of disease transmission and complex manufacturing practices. Recently developed acellular scaffold approaches that rely on the recruitment of endogenous cells to the injured sites avoid these drawbacks and offer great promise for in situ AC regeneration. Multiple endogenous stem/progenitor cells (ESPCs) are found in joint-resident niches and have the capability to migrate to sites of injury to participate in AC regeneration. However, the natural recruitment of ESPCs is insufficient, and the local microenvironment is hostile after injury. Hence, an endogenous cell recruitment strategy based on the combination of chemoattractants and acellular scaffolds to effectively and specifically recruit ESPCs and improve local microenvironment may provide new insights into in situ AC regeneration. This review provides a brief overview of: (1) the status of endogenous cell recruitment strategy; (2) the subpopulations, potential migration routes (PMRs) of joint-resident ESPCs and their immunomodulatory and reparative effects; (3) chemoattractants and their potential adverse effects; (4) scaffold-based drug delivery systems (SDDSs) that are utilized for in situ AC regeneration; and (5) the challenges and future perspectives of endogenous cell recruitment strategy for AC regeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Although the endogenous cell recruitment strategy for articular cartilage (AC) regeneration has been investigated for several decades, much work remains to be performed in this field. Future studies should have the following aims: (1) reporting the up-to-date progress in the endogenous cell recruitment strategies; (2) determining the subpopulations of ESPCs, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the migration of these cells and their anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and reparative effects; (3) elucidating the chemoattractants that enhance ESPC recruitment and their potential adverse effects; and (4) developing advanced SDDSs for chemoattractant dispatch. Herein, we present a systematic overview of the aforementioned issues to provide a better understanding of endogenous cell recruitment strategies for AC regeneration and repair.
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A novel chemotactic factor derived from the extracellular matrix protein decorin recruits mesenchymal stromal cells in vitro and in vivo. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235784. [PMID: 32658899 PMCID: PMC7357784 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue is composed of cells surrounded by an extracellular matrix that is made up of a diverse array of intricately organized proteins. These distinct components work in concert to maintain homeostasis and respond to tissue damage. During tissue repair, extracellular matrix proteins and their degradation products are known to influence physiological processes such as angiogenesis and inflammation. In this study we developed a discovery platform using a decellularized extracellular matrix biomaterial to identify new chemotrophic factors derived from the extracellular matrix. An in vitro culture of RAW.264 macrophage cells with the biomaterial ovine forestomach matrix led to the identification of a novel ~12 kDa chemotactic factor, termed ‘MayDay’, derived from the N-terminal 31–188 sequence of decorin. The recombinant MayDay protein was shown to be a chemotactic agent for mesenchymal stromal cells in vitro and in vivo. We hypothesize that the macrophage-induced cleavage of decorin, via MMP-12, leads to the release of the chemotactic molecule MayDay, that in turn recruits cells to the site of damaged tissue.
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35
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Aziz NS, Yusop N, Ahmad A. Importance of Stem Cell Migration and Angiogenesis Study for Regenerative Cell-based Therapy: A Review. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 15:284-299. [DOI: 10.2174/1574888x15666200127145923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells play an essential role in maintaining homeostasis, as well as participating in new
tissue regeneration. Over the past 20 years, a great deal of effort has been made to investigate the behaviour
of stem cells to enable their potential use in regenerative medicine. However, a variety of biological
characteristics are known to exist among the different types of stem cells due to variations in
the methodological approach, formulation of cell culture medium, isolation protocol and cellular
niches, as well as species variation. In recent years, cell-based therapy has emerged as one of the advanced
techniques applied in both medical and clinical settings. Cell therapies aim to treat and repair
the injury sites and replace the loss of tissues by stimulating the repair and regeneration process. In
order to enable the use of stem cells in regenerative therapies, further characterisation of cell behaviour,
in terms of their proliferation and differentiation capacity, mainly during the quiescent and inductive
state is regarded as highly necessary. The central focus of regenerative medicine revolves around
the use of human cells, including adult stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells for cell-based
therapy. The purpose of this review was to examine the existing body of literature on stem cell research
conducted on cellular angiogenesis and migration, to investigate the validity of different strategies and
variations of the cell type used. The information gathered within this review may then be shared with
fellow researchers to assist in future research work, engaging in stem cell homing for cell-based therapy
to enhance wound healing and tissue regeneration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur S. Aziz
- Postgraduate Unit, School of Dentistry, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Norhayati Yusop
- Basic Sciences and Oral Biology Unit, School of Dentistry, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Azlina Ahmad
- Basic Sciences and Oral Biology Unit, School of Dentistry, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Gabrielyan A, Quade M, Gelinsky M, Rösen-Wolff A. IL-11 and soluble VCAM-1 are important components of Hypoxia Conditioned Media and crucial for Mesenchymal Stromal Cells attraction. Stem Cell Res 2020; 45:101814. [PMID: 32334367 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2020.101814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) are highly attractive for tissue engineering due to their ability to differentiate into different cell types, to expand extensively in vitro and to release paracrine soluble factors with a high regenerative potential. They were observed to migrate towards the sites of injury in response to chemotactic signals in vivo. During the last years hypoxia has become a proven method to control proliferation, differentiation and multipotency of BMSC. Conditioned medium from hypoxia-treated BMSC (Hypoxia-conditioned Medium; HCM) has been shown to have various favorable properties on tissue regeneration - such as on cell recruitment, wound healing, angiogenesis and revascularization. Due to this regenerative potential many studies attempt to further characterize HCM and its main functional components. In this study we used HCM generated from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSC) instead of BMSC, because GMP-verified methods were used to isolate and cultivate the cells and ensure their constant quality. UC-MSC have a high regenerative potential and are still immunologically naive and therefore highly unlikely to cause an immune reaction. In our article we took the first steps to closer investigate the role of umbilical cord MSC-derived HCM components, namely stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1α), interleukin 11 (IL-11) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1). RESULTS Our results show previously unknown roles of IL-11 and sVCAM-1 in the attraction of BMSC. The synergistic effect of the investigated protein mixture consisting of IL-11, sVCAM-1 and SDF-1α as well as those recombinant proteins alone revealed a significantly higher chemoattractive capacity towards human BMSC compared to normoxic control medium. Both, the protein mixtures and proteins alone as well as UC-HCM showed an angiogenic effect by promoting the formation of significantly longer tubule structures and higher amounts of junctions and tubules compared to normoxic control medium. CONCLUSIONS By showing the prominent upregulation of IL-11, sVCAM-1 and SDF-1α under hypoxic conditions compared to normoxic control and revealing their crucial role in migration of human BMSC we took a further step forward in characterization of the chemoattractive components of HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Gabrielyan
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Mandy Quade
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Gelinsky
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Angela Rösen-Wolff
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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Han F, Zhang P, Chen T, Lin C, Wen X, Zhao P. A LbL-Assembled Bioactive Coating Modified Nanofibrous Membrane for Rapid Tendon-Bone Healing in ACL Reconstruction. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:9159-9172. [PMID: 31819424 PMCID: PMC6883935 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s214359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, hamstring tendon autograft is a well-accepted surgical choice as an alternative ACL graft. But the main disadvantage of autograft is its inefficient healing with host bone-tunnel which will leading to surgery failure. Methods A biomimetic nanofibrous membrane for tendon-bone integration is fabricated in this work, which is composed of polycaprolactone (PCL) electrospinning membrane and chitosan/hyaluronic acid (CS/HA) multilayers film. Results By using layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly this functional CS/HA multilayer films are deposited on the surface of PCL nanofiber to enable the local delivery of stromal cell-derived factor-1 α (SDF-1α) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in tendon-bone interface. This membrane can promote cell proliferation and recruitment, as well as inducing the osteogenic differentiation and recruitment of BMSCs. Conclusion Further in vivo studies demonstrate that to wrap the tendon autograft using the membrane may afford superior tendon-bone integration and inhibit scar tissue formation in a rabbit ACL reconstruction model. More importantly, the biomechanical properties of the tendon-bone interface have been improved. This study shows that this biomimetic nanofibrous membrane is effective for improving tendon-bone healing after ACL reconstruction surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Han
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Nanoscience, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianwu Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Lin
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Nanoscience, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejun Wen
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Nanoscience, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Nanoscience, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
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Ma Q, Jiang N, Liang S, Chen F, Fang L, Wang X, Wang J, Chen L. Functionalization of a clustered TiO 2 nanotubular surface with platelet derived growth factor-BB covalent modification enhances osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Biomaterials 2019; 230:119650. [PMID: 31806404 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A multitude of micro- and nano-surface structures have been developed to improve the clinical performance of endosseous titanium (Ti) implants. However, most of these surface structures only simulate the topographic elements on a micro- or nano-scale. In this study, a nano-micro hierarchical TiO2 clustered nanotubular structure was fabricated using anodization, and then functionalized with platelet derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) using PhoA (11-hydroxyundecylphosphonic acid)/CDI (carbonyldiimidazole) chemistry. The resulting 3-dimensional spatial biomimetic structure, named NTPCP, exhibited negligible cytotoxicity and satisfactory bio-activity for host cells, and significantly enhanced the attachment as well as osteogenesis-related functions (early-stage proliferation, extracellular matrix synthesis and mineralization) of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (bMSCs). We observed drastically elevated expression of osteocalcin (OCN), which mirrored prominent bone formation around the NTPCP implants in a rat model. This study establishes a novel strategy to improve the osseointegration of endosseous Ti implants via surface nano-topographic modification and bio-factor covalent functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianli Ma
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China; Center for Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Center for Eye Research, Department Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Fulin Chen
- Faculty of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Liang Fang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jinjin Wang
- Department of Periodontics, College of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Lihua Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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Zhang S, Hu B, Liu W, Wang P, Lv X, Chen S, Liu H, Shao Z. Articular cartilage regeneration: The role of endogenous mesenchymal stem/progenitor cell recruitment and migration. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2019; 50:198-208. [PMID: 31767195 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trauma- or osteoarthritis-related cartilage damage resulted in functional decline of joints and heavy burden of public health. Recently, the reparative role of mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSCs) in articular cartilage (AC) reconstruction is drawing more and more attention. OBJECTIVE To provide a review on (1) the locations and categories of joint-resident MSCs, (2) the regulation of chondrogenic capacities of MSCs, (3) the migratory approaches of MSCs to diseased AC and regulatory mechanisms. METHODS PubMed and Web of Science were searched for English-language articles related to MSC recruitment and migration for AC repair until June 2019. The presence of various MSCs in or around joints, the potential approaches to diseased AC` and the regenerative capacities of MSCs were reviewed. RESULTS Various intra- and peri-articular MSCs, with inherent migratory potentials, are present in multiple stem cell niches in or around joints. The recruitment and migration of joint-resident MSCs play crucial roles in endogenous AC repair. Multiple recruiting signals, such as chemokines, growth factors, etc., emerge during the development of AC diseases and participate in the regulation of MSC mobilization. Motivated MSCs could migrate into cartilage lesions and then exert multiple reparative potentials, including extracellular matrix (ECM) reconstruction and microenvironment modulation. CONCLUSION In general, AC repair based on endogenous MSC recruitment and migration is a feasible strategy, and a promising research field. Furthermore, endogenous AC repair mediated by native MSCs would provide new opportunities to efficient preventative or therapeutic options for AC diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Binwu Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Weijian Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Xiao Lv
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Songfeng Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China.
| | - Hongjian Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China.
| | - Zengwu Shao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China.
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Painter KJ. Mathematical models for chemotaxis and their applications in self-organisation phenomena. J Theor Biol 2019; 481:162-182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Zhou K, Yu P, Shi X, Ling T, Zeng W, Chen A, Yang W, Zhou Z. Hierarchically Porous Hydroxyapatite Hybrid Scaffold Incorporated with Reduced Graphene Oxide for Rapid Bone Ingrowth and Repair. ACS NANO 2019; 13:9595-9606. [PMID: 31381856 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b04723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HA), the traditional bone tissue replacement material was widely used in the clinical treatment of bone defects because of its excellent biocompatibility. However, the processing difficulty and poor osteoinductive ability greatly limit the application of HA. Although many strategies have been reported to improve the machinability and osteointegration ability, the performance including mechanical strength, porosity, cell adhesion, etc. of material still can not meet the requirements. In this work, a soft template method was developed and a porous scaffold with hierarchical pore structure, nano surface morphology, suitable porosity and pore size, and good biomechanical strength was successfully prepared. The hierarchical pore structure is beneficial for cell adhesion, fluid transfer, and cell ingrowth. Moreover, the loaded reduced graphene oxide (rGO) can improve the adhesion and promote the proliferation and spontaneous osteogenic differentiation bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The scaffold is then crushed, degraded and wrapped by the newly formed bone and the newly formed bone gradually replaces the scaffold. The degradation rate of the scaffold well matches the rate of the new bone formation. The hierarchical porous HA/rGO composite scaffolds can greatly accelerate the bone ingrowth in the scaffold and bone repair in critical bone defects, thus providing a clinical potential candidate for large segment bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Peng Yu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaojun Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Tingxian Ling
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Weinan Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Anjing Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Zongke Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
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42
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Sane MS, Tang H, Misra N, Pu X, Malara S, Jones CD, Mustafi SB. Characterization of an umbilical cord blood sourced product suitable for allogeneic applications. Regen Med 2019; 14:769-789. [PMID: 31313975 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2019-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Umbilical cord blood (UCB) sourced allografts are promising interventions for tissue regeneration. As applications of these allografts and regulations governing them continue to evolve, we were prompted to identify parameters determining their quality, safety and regenerative potential. Materials & methods: Flow-cytometry, mass-spectrometry, protein multiplexing, nanoparticle tracking analysis and standard biological techniques were employed. Results: Quality attributes of a uniquely processed UCB-allograft (UCBr) were enumerated based on identity (cell viability, immunophenotyping, proteomic profiling, and quantification of relevant cytokines); safety (bioburden and microbiological screening), purity (endotoxin levels) and potency (effect of UCBr on chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells derived exosomes). These attributes were stable up to 24 months in cryopreserved UCBr. Conclusion: We identified a comprehensive panel of tests to establish the clinical efficacy and quality control attributes of a UCB-sourced allograft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukta S Sane
- Department of Research & Development, Burst Biologics, Boise, ID 83705, USA
| | - Huiyuan Tang
- Department of Research & Development, Burst Biologics, Boise, ID 83705, USA
| | - Neha Misra
- Department of Research & Development, Burst Biologics, Boise, ID 83705, USA
| | - Xinzhu Pu
- Biomolecular Research Center, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Sara Malara
- Department of Research & Development, Burst Biologics, Boise, ID 83705, USA
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Lehmann J, Nürnberger S, Narcisi R, Stok KS, van der Eerden BCJ, Koevoet WJLM, Kops N, Ten Berge D, van Osch GJ. Recellularization of auricular cartilage via elastase-generated channels. Biofabrication 2019; 11:035012. [PMID: 30921774 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab1436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Decellularized tissue matrices are promising substrates for tissue generation by stem cells to replace poorly regenerating tissues such as cartilage. However, the dense matrix of decellularized cartilage impedes colonisation by stem cells. Here, we show that digestion of elastin fibre bundles traversing auricular cartilage creates channels through which cells can migrate into the matrix. Human chondrocytes and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells efficiently colonise elastin-treated scaffolds through these channels, restoring a glycosaminoglycan-rich matrix and improving mechanical properties while maintaining size and shape of the restored tissue. The scaffolds are also rapidly colonised by endogenous cartilage-forming cells in a subcutaneously implanted osteochondral biopsy model. Creating channels for cells in tissue matrices may be a broadly applicable strategy for recellularization and restoration of tissue function.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lehmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Department of Cell Biology Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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The Emerging Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Vascular Calcification. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:2875189. [PMID: 31065272 PMCID: PMC6466855 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2875189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC), characterized by hydroxyapatite crystal depositing in the vessel wall, is a common pathological condition shared by many chronic diseases and an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events. Recently, VC is regarded as an active, dynamic cell-mediated process, during which calcifying cell transition is critical. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), with a multidirectional differentiation ability and great potential for clinical application, play a duplex role in the VC process. MSCs facilitate VC mainly through osteogenic transformation and apoptosis. Meanwhile, several studies have reported the protective role of MSCs. Anti-inflammation, blockade of the BMP2 signal, downregulation of the Wnt signal, and antiapoptosis through paracrine signaling are possible mechanisms. This review displays the evidence both on the facilitating role and on the protective role of MSCs, then discusses the key factors determining this divergence.
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Boushell MK, Mosher CZ, Suri GK, Doty SB, Strauss EJ, Hunziker EB, Lu HH. Polymeric mesh and insulin-like growth factor 1 delivery enhance cell homing and graft-cartilage integration. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1442:138-152. [PMID: 30985969 PMCID: PMC7596880 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cartilage injury, such as full-thickness lesions, predisposes patients to the premature development of osteoarthritis, a degenerative joint disease. While surgical management of cartilage lesions has improved, long-term clinical efficacy has stagnated, owing to the lack of hyaline cartilage regeneration and inadequate graft-host integration. This study tests the hypothesis that integration of cartilage grafts with native cartilage can be improved by enhancing the migration of chondrocytes across the graft-host interface via the release of chemotactic factor from a degradable polymeric mesh. To this end, a polylactide-co-glycolide/poly-ε-caprolactone mesh was designed to localize the delivery of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), a well-established chondrocyte attractant. The release of IGF-1 (100 ng/mg) enhanced cell migration from cartilage explants, and the mesh served as critical structural support for cell adhesion, growth, and production of a cartilaginous matrix in vitro, which resulted in increased integration strength compared with mesh-free repair. Further, this neocartilage matrix was structurally contiguous with native and grafted cartilage when tested in an osteochondral explant model in vivo. These results demonstrate that this combined approach of a cell homing factor and supportive matrix will promote cell-mediated integrative cartilage repair and improve clinical outcomes of cartilage grafts in the treatment of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret K. Boushell
- Biomaterials and Interface Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | | | - Gurbani K. Suri
- Biomaterials and Interface Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Stephen B. Doty
- Analytical Microscopy Laboratory, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Eric J. Strauss
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Ernst B. Hunziker
- Department of BioMedical Research, University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Helen H. Lu
- Biomaterials and Interface Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
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Rapid initiation of guided bone regeneration driven by spatiotemporal delivery of IL-8 and BMP-2 from hierarchical MBG-based scaffold. Biomaterials 2019; 196:122-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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47
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Wang C, Liu Y, He D. Diverse effects of platelet-derived growth factor-BB on cell signaling pathways. Cytokine 2019; 113:13-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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48
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Atallah P, Schirmer L, Tsurkan M, Putra Limasale YD, Zimmermann R, Werner C, Freudenberg U. In situ-forming, cell-instructive hydrogels based on glycosaminoglycans with varied sulfation patterns. Biomaterials 2018; 181:227-239. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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49
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Lee KI, Olmer M, Baek J, D'Lima DD, Lotz MK. Platelet-derived growth factor-coated decellularized meniscus scaffold for integrative healing of meniscus tears. Acta Biomater 2018; 76:126-134. [PMID: 29908335 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the potential of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-coated decellularized meniscus scaffold in mediating integrative healing of meniscus tears by inducing endogenous cell migration. Fresh bovine meniscus was chemically decellularized and covalently conjugated with heparin and PDGF-BB. In vitro PDGF release kinetics was measured. The scaffold was transplanted into experimental tears in avascular bovine meniscus explants and cultured for 2 and 4 weeks. The number migrating and proliferating cells at the borderline between the scaffold and injured explant and PDGF receptor-β (PDGFRβ) expressing cells were counted. The alignment of the newly produced ECM and collagen was analyzed by Safranin-O, picrosirius red staining, and differential interference contrast (DIC). Tensile testing of the explants was performed after culture for 2 and 4 weeks. Heparin conjugated scaffold showed immobilization of high levels of PDGF-BB, with sustained release over 2 weeks. Insertion of the PDGF-BB treated scaffold in defects in avascular meniscus led to increased PDGFRβ expression, cell migration and proliferation into the defect zone. Safranin-O, picrosirius red staining and DIC showed tissue integration between the scaffold and injured explants. Tensile properties of injured explants treated with PDGF-BB coated scaffold were significantly higher than in the scaffold without PDGF. In conclusion, PDGF-BB-coated scaffold increased PDGFRβ expression and promoted migration of endogenous meniscus cells to the defect area. New matrix was formed that bridged the space between the native meniscus and the scaffold and this was associated with improved biomechanical properties. The PDGF-BB-coated scaffold will be promising for clinical translation to healing of meniscus tears. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Meniscus tears are the most common injury of the knee joint. The most prevalent forms that occur in the inner third typically do not spontaneously heal and represent a major risk factor for the development of knee osteoarthritis. The goal of this project was to develop an approach that is readily applicable for clinical use. We selected a natural and readily available decellularized meniscus scaffold and conjugated it with PDGF, which we had previously found to have strong chemotactic activity for chondrocytes and progenitor cells. The present results show that insertion of the PDGF-conjugated scaffold in defects in avascular meniscus led to endogenous cell migration and proliferation into the defect zone with tissue integration between the scaffold and injured explants and improved tensile properties. This PDGF-conjugated scaffold will be promising for a translational approach to healing of meniscus tears.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Il Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Merissa Olmer
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jihye Baek
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Shiley Center for Orthopaedic Research and Education at Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Darryl D D'Lima
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Shiley Center for Orthopaedic Research and Education at Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Martin K Lotz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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50
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Perez JR, Kouroupis D, Li DJ, Best TM, Kaplan L, Correa D. Tissue Engineering and Cell-Based Therapies for Fractures and Bone Defects. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:105. [PMID: 30109228 PMCID: PMC6079270 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone fractures and segmental bone defects are a significant source of patient morbidity and place a staggering economic burden on the healthcare system. The annual cost of treating bone defects in the US has been estimated to be $5 billion, while enormous costs are spent on bone grafts for bone injuries, tumors, and other pathologies associated with defective fracture healing. Autologous bone grafts represent the gold standard for the treatment of bone defects. However, they are associated with variable clinical outcomes, postsurgical morbidity, especially at the donor site, and increased surgical costs. In an effort to circumvent these limitations, tissue engineering and cell-based therapies have been proposed as alternatives to induce and promote bone repair. This review focuses on the recent advances in bone tissue engineering (BTE), specifically looking at its role in treating delayed fracture healing (non-unions) and the resulting segmental bone defects. Herein we discuss: (1) the processes of endochondral and intramembranous bone formation; (2) the role of stem cells, looking specifically at mesenchymal (MSC), embryonic (ESC), and induced pluripotent (iPSC) stem cells as viable building blocks to engineer bone implants; (3) the biomaterials used to direct tissue growth, with a focus on ceramic, biodegradable polymers, and composite materials; (4) the growth factors and molecular signals used to induce differentiation of stem cells into the osteoblastic lineage, which ultimately leads to active bone formation; and (5) the mechanical stimulation protocols used to maintain the integrity of the bone repair and their role in successful cell engraftment. Finally, a couple clinical scenarios are presented (non-unions and avascular necrosis—AVN), to illustrate how novel cell-based therapy approaches can be used. A thorough understanding of tissue engineering and cell-based therapies may allow for better incorporation of these potential therapeutic approaches in bone defects allowing for proper bone repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose R Perez
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Dimitrios Kouroupis
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States.,Diabetes Research Institute & Cell Transplant Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Deborah J Li
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Thomas M Best
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Lee Kaplan
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Diego Correa
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States.,Diabetes Research Institute & Cell Transplant Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
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