1
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Yang X, Sun Y, Li X, Zhang W. Rac1 regulates nucleus pulposus cells degeneration and promotes the progression of intervertebral disc degeneration. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C496-C507. [PMID: 35108117 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00355.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nucleus Pulposus Cells (NPCs) dysfunction is considered as an important event related to intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). In the present study, tandem mass spectrometry (TMT) was used to detect total protein expression of NP in patients with IVDD and healthy controls. Bioinformatic analysis was performed to identify differentially expressed proteins that may be involved in the degeneration of NP. The results show that Rac1 may be a key protein involved in the degeneration of NP via Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation. We investigated the influence of Rac1 on IVDD degeneration and associated mechanisms. This study has the potential to advance understanding of the mechanism of occurrence of degenerative NP tissues and provide novel strategies for slowing IVDD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Yang
- Spine center, Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yongjin Sun
- Spine center, Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xu Li
- Spine center, Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wenzhi Zhang
- Spine center, Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
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2
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Trompeter N, Gardinier JD, DeBarros V, Boggs M, Gangadharan V, Cain WJ, Hurd L, Duncan RL. Insulin-like growth factor-1 regulates the mechanosensitivity of chondrocytes by modulating TRPV4. Cell Calcium 2021; 99:102467. [PMID: 34530313 PMCID: PMC8541913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2021.102467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Both mechanical and biochemical stimulation are required for maintaining the integrity of articular cartilage. However, chondrocytes respond differently to mechanical stimuli in osteoarthritic cartilage when biochemical signaling pathways, such as Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1), are altered. The Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channel is central to chondrocyte mechanotransduction and regulation of cartilage homeostasis. Here, we propose that changes in IGF-1 can modulate TRPV4 channel activity. We demonstrate that physiologic levels of IGF-1 suppress hypotonic-induced TRPV4 currents and intracellular calcium flux by increasing apparent cell stiffness that correlates with actin stress fiber formation. Disruption of F-actin following IGF-1 treatment results in the return of the intracellular calcium response to hypotonic swelling. Using point mutations of the TRPV4 channel at the microtubule-associated protein 7 (MAP-7) site shows that regulation of TRPV4 by actin is mediated via the interaction of actin with the MAP-7 domain of TRPV4. We further highlight that ATP release, a down-stream response to mechanical stimulation in chondrocytes, is mediated by TRPV4 during hypotonic challenge. This response is significantly abrogated with IGF-1 treatment. As chondrocyte mechanosensitivity is greatly altered during osteoarthritis progression, IGF-1 presents as a promising candidate for prevention and treatment of articular cartilage damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Trompeter
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Joseph D Gardinier
- Biomechanics and Movement Science Program, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States; Bone and Joint Center, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Victor DeBarros
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Mary Boggs
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Vimal Gangadharan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - William J Cain
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Lauren Hurd
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Randall L Duncan
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States; Biomechanics and Movement Science Program, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States; Department of Biology, University of Michigan-Flint, Flint, MI, United States.
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3
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Deng F, Zhai W, Yin Y, Peng C, Ning C. Advanced protein adsorption properties of a novel silicate-based bioceramic: A proteomic analysis. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:208-218. [PMID: 32913929 PMCID: PMC7451930 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicate bioceramics have been shown to possess excellent cytocompatibility and osteogenic activity, but the exact mechanism is still unclear. Protein adsorption is the first event taking place at the biomaterial-tissue interface, which is vital to the subsequent cellular behavior and further influence the biomaterial-tissue interaction. In this work, the protein adsorption behavior of a novel CPS bioceramic was evaluated using the proteomics technology. The results showed that CPS adsorbed more amount and types of serum proteins than HA. FN1 and IGF1 proteins selected from proteomics results were validated by Western-blot experiment. Pathway analysis also revealed mechanistic insights how these absorbed proteins by CPS help mediate cell adhesion and promotes osteogenic activity. Firstly, the dramatically enhanced adsorption of FN1 could greatly promote cell adhesion and growth. Secondly, IGF1 was uniquely adsorbed on CPS bioceramic and IGF1 could activate Rap1 signaling pathway to promote cell adhesion. Thirdly, the increased adsorption of FN1, IGF1 and COL1A2 proteins on CPS explains its better ability on bone regeneration than HA. Fourthly, the increased adsorption of IGF1, CHAD, COL2A1 and THBS4 proteins on CPS explains its ability on cartilage formation. Lastly, the increased adsorption of immunological related proteins on CPS may also play a positive role in bone regeneration. In addition, CPS had a much better cell adhesion ability than HA, proving that more adsorbed proteins really had a positive effect on cell behavior. The more adsorbed proteins on CPS than HA might indicated a better bone regeneration rate at early stage of implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanyan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Wanyin Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Yue Yin
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Chao Peng
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Congqin Ning
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
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4
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Jiang C, Sun ZM, Zhu DC, Guo Q, Xu JJ, Lin JH, Chen ZX, Wu YS. Inhibition of Rac1 activity by NSC23766 prevents cartilage endplate degeneration via Wnt/β-catenin pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:3582-3592. [PMID: 32040269 PMCID: PMC7131937 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage endplate (CEP) degeneration has been considered as one of important factors related to intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). Previous researches have showed that Rac1 played a pivotal role in chondrocyte differentiation. However, the effect of Rac1 during the process of CEP degeneration remains unclear. Herein, we explored the effect of Rac1 on CEP degeneration and elucidated the underlying molecular mechanism. We found expression of Rac1‐GTP increased in human‐degenerated CEP tissue and IL‐1β‐stimulated rat endplate chondrocytes (EPCs). Our study revealed that Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766 treatment promoted the expression of collagen II, aggrecan and Sox‐9, and decreased the expression of ADTAMTS5 and MMP13 in IL‐1β‐stimulated rat EPCs. Moreover, we also found that NSC23766 could suppress the activation of Wnt/β‐catenin pathway, suggesting that the beneficial effects of Rac1 inhibition in EPCs are mediated through the Wnt/β‐catenin signalling. Besides, puncture‐induced rats models showed that NSC23766 played a protective role on CEP and disc degeneration. Collectively, these findings demonstrated that Rac1 inhibition delayed the EPCs degeneration and its potential mechanism may be associated with Wnt/β‐catenin pathway regulation, which may help us better understand the association between Rac1 and CEP degeneration and provide a promising strategy for delaying the progression of IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedic surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ze-Ming Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ding-Chao Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedic surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Department of Orthopaedic surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jia-Jing Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jia-Hao Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ze-Xin Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yao-Sen Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China
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5
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Lv M, Zhou Y, Polson SW, Wan LQ, Wang M, Han L, Wang L, Lu XL. Identification of Chondrocyte Genes and Signaling Pathways in Response to Acute Joint Inflammation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:93. [PMID: 30643177 PMCID: PMC6331554 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36500-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic joint injuries often result in elevated proinflammatory cytokine (such as IL-1β) levels in the joint cavity, which can increase the catabolic activities of chondrocytes and damage cartilage. This study investigated the early genetic responses of healthy in situ chondrocytes under IL-1β attack with a focus on cell cycle and calcium signaling pathways. RNA sequencing analysis identified 2,232 significantly changed genes by IL-1β, with 1,259 upregulated and 973 downregulated genes. Catabolic genes related to ECM degeneration were promoted by IL-1β, consistent with our observations of matrix protein loss and mechanical property decrease during 24-day in vitro culture of cartilage explants. IL-1β altered the cell cycle (108 genes) and Rho GTPases signaling (72 genes) in chondrocytes, while chondrocyte phenotypic shift was observed with histology, cell volume measurement, and MTT assay. IL-1β inhibited the spontaneous calcium signaling in chondrocytes, a fundamental signaling event in chondrocyte metabolic activities. The expression of 24 genes from 6 calcium-signaling related pathways were changed by IL-1β exposure. This study provided a comprehensive list of differentially expressed genes of healthy in situ chondrocytes in response to IL-1β attack, which represents a useful reference to verify and guide future cartilage studies related to the acute inflammation after joint trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxi Lv
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Yilu Zhou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Shawn W Polson
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Leo Q Wan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - Meiqing Wang
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Lin Han
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Liyun Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - X Lucas Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States.
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States.
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6
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Wongin S, Waikakul S, Chotiyarnwong P, Siriwatwechakul W, Viravaidya-Pasuwat K. Effect of Cell Sheet Manipulation Techniques on the Expression of Collagen Type II and Stress Fiber Formation in Human Chondrocyte Sheets. Tissue Eng Part A 2018; 24:469-478. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2017.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sopita Wongin
- Biological Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Saranatra Waikakul
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pojchong Chotiyarnwong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wanwipa Siriwatwechakul
- School of Bio-Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Kwanchanok Viravaidya-Pasuwat
- Biological Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
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7
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Öztürk E, Despot-Slade E, Pichler M, Zenobi-Wong M. RhoA activation and nuclearization marks loss of chondrocyte phenotype in crosstalk with Wnt pathway. Exp Cell Res 2017; 360:113-124. [PMID: 28865751 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
De-differentiation comprises a major drawback for the use of autologous chondrocytes in cartilage repair. Here, we investigate the role of RhoA and canonical Wnt signaling in chondrocyte phenotype. Chondrocyte de-differentiation is accompanied by an upregulation and nuclear localization of RhoA. Effectors of canonical Wnt signaling including β-catenin and YAP/TAZ are upregulated in de-differentiating chondrocytes in a Rho-dependent manner. Inhibition of Rho activation with C3 transferase inhibits nuclear localization of RhoA, induces expression of chondrogenic markers on 2D and enhances the chondrogenic effect of 3D culturing. Upregulation of chondrogenic markers by Rho inhibition is accompanied by loss of canonical Wnt signaling markers in 3D or on 2D whereas treatment of chondrocytes with Wnt-3a abrogates this effect. However, induction of canonical Wnt signaling inhibits chondrogenic markers on 2D but enhances chondrogenic re-differentiation on 2D with C3 transferase or in 3D. These data provide insights on the context-dependent role of RhoA and Wnt signaling in de-differentiation and on mechanisms to induce chondrogenic markers for therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Öztürk
- Cartilage Engineering + Regeneration Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Evelin Despot-Slade
- Cartilage Engineering + Regeneration Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Pichler
- Cartilage Engineering + Regeneration Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcy Zenobi-Wong
- Cartilage Engineering + Regeneration Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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8
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Functions of Rho family of small GTPases and Rho-associated coiled-coil kinases in bone cells during differentiation and mineralization. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:1009-1023. [PMID: 28188861 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Members of Rho-associated coiled-coil kinases (ROCKs) are effectors of Rho family of small GTPases. ROCKs have multiple functions that include regulation of cellular contraction and polarity, adhesion, motility, proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, maturation and remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM). SCOPE OF THE REVIEW Here, we focus on the action of RhoA and RhoA effectors, ROCK1 and ROCK2, in cells related to tissue mineralization: mesenchymal stem cells, chondrocytes, preosteoblasts, osteoblasts, osteocytes, lining cells and osteoclasts. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The activation of the RhoA/ROCK pathway promotes stress fiber formation and reduces chondrocyte and osteogenic differentiations, in contrast to that in mesenchymal stem cells which stimulated the osteogenic and the chondrogenic differentiation. The effects of Rac1 and Cdc42 in promoting chondrocyte hypertrophy and of Rac1, Rac2 and Cdc42 in osteoclast are discussed. In addition, members of the Rho family of GTPases such Rac1, Rac2, Rac3 and Cdc42, acting upstream of ROCK and/or other protein effectors, may compensate the actions of RhoA, affecting directly or indirectly the actions of ROCKs as well as other protein effectors. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE ROCK activity can trigger cartilage degradation and affect bone formation, therefore these kinases may represent a possible therapeutic target to treat osteoarthritis and osseous diseases. Inhibition of Rho/ROCK activity in chondrocytes prevents cartilage degradation, stimulate mineralization of osteoblasts and facilitate bone formation around implanted metals. Treatment with osteoprotegerin results in a significant decrease in the expression of Rho GTPases, ROCK1 and ROCK2, reducing bone resorption. Inhibition of ROCK signaling increases osteoblast differentiation in a topography-dependent manner.
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9
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Zhang Z, Li L, Yang W, Cao Y, Shi Y, Li X, Zhang Q. The effects of different doses of IGF-1 on cartilage and subchondral bone during the repair of full-thickness articular cartilage defects in rabbits. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2017; 25:309-320. [PMID: 27662821 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of different doses of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) on the cartilage layer and subchondral bone (SB) during repair of full-thickness articular cartilage (AC) defects. DESIGN IGF-1-loaded collagen membrane was implanted into full-thickness AC defects in rabbits. The effects of two different doses of IGF-1 on cartilage layer and SB adjacent to the defect, the cartilage structure, formation and integration, and the new SB formation were evaluated at the 1st, 4th and 8th week postoperation. Meanwhile, after 1 week treatment, the relative mRNA expressions in tissues adjacent to the defect, including cartilage and SB were determined by quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), respectively. RESULTS Different doses of IGF-1 induced different gene expression profiles in tissues adjacent to the defect and resulted in different repair outcomes. Particularly, at high dose IGF-1 aided cell survival, regulated the gene expressions in cartilage layer adjacent defect and altered ECM composition more effectively, improved the formation and integrity of neo-cartilage. While, at low dose IGF-1 regulated the gene expressions in SB more efficaciously and subsequently promoted the SB remodeling and reconstruction. CONCLUSION Different doses of IGF-1 induced different responses of cartilage or SB during the repair of full-thickness AC defects. Particularly, high dose of IGF-1 was more beneficial to the neo-cartilage formation and integration, while low dose of it was more effective for the SB formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material of Tianjin, Tianjin 300192, PR China.
| | - L Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material of Tianjin, Tianjin 300192, PR China.
| | - W Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material of Tianjin, Tianjin 300192, PR China.
| | - Y Cao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material of Tianjin, Tianjin 300192, PR China.
| | - Y Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, PR China.
| | - X Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material of Tianjin, Tianjin 300192, PR China.
| | - Q Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material of Tianjin, Tianjin 300192, PR China.
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10
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Kuchenov D, Laketa V, Stein F, Salopiata F, Klingmüller U, Schultz C. High-Content Imaging Platform for Profiling Intracellular Signaling Network Activity in Living Cells. Cell Chem Biol 2016; 23:1550-1559. [PMID: 27939899 PMCID: PMC5193178 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Essential characteristics of cellular signaling networks include a complex interconnected architecture and temporal dynamics of protein activity. The latter can be monitored by Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensors at a single-live-cell level with high temporal resolution. However, these experiments are typically limited to the use of a couple of FRET biosensors. Here, we describe a FRET-based multi-parameter imaging platform (FMIP) that allows simultaneous high-throughput monitoring of multiple signaling pathways. We apply FMIP to monitor the crosstalk between epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor signaling, signaling perturbations caused by pathophysiologically relevant EGFR mutations, and the effects of a clinically important MEK inhibitor (selumetinib) on the EGFR network. We expect that in the future the platform will be applied to develop comprehensive models of signaling networks and will help to investigate the mechanism of action as well as side effects of therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Kuchenov
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vibor Laketa
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Stein
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Salopiata
- Division of Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ursula Klingmüller
- Division of Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Schultz
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA.
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11
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Changes in Inflammatory Cytokines Accompany Deregulation of Claudin-11, Resulting in Inter-Sertoli Tight Junctions in Varicocele Rat Testes. J Urol 2016; 196:1303-12. [PMID: 27164517 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To elucidate the changes that occur in the blood-testis barrier during varicocele we examined changes in Cldn11 (claudin-11), an element of the blood-testis barrier, as well as steroidogenesis and proinflammatory cytokines in a model of varicocele rat testes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male rats with experimentally induced varicocele were sacrificed 4 weeks after operation. Testicular histology and blood testosterone concentrations were examined. The expression of tight junctions, steroidogenic enzymes, apoptosis and immune cell markers, and proinflammatory cytokines in the testes were evaluated by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, Western blot and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Weight and Johnsen scores of varicocele testes were lower than those of normal testes. mRNA expression of Bad and Bax increased whereas Bcl-xl and Bcl2 mRNA decreased in varicocele testes compared to controls. Although blood testosterone did not change, Leydig cell 3βHsd immunoreactivity, testicular 3βHsd6 and 17βHsd3 mRNA were significantly decreased in varicocele testes. Cldn11 mRNA and protein levels in varicocele testes were higher than in normal testes together with altered expression of Ocln, Zo1 and N-cadherin mRNA. Cldn11 immunoreactivity appeared as wavy strands at the periphery of the seminiferous epithelium in normal testes but was frequently found in the Sertoli cell cytoplasm in varicocele testes. In varicocele testes Tnfα, Il1α, Il6, Cd45, Cd3g and Cd3d mRNA was increased. CONCLUSIONS An increase in proinflammatory cytokines might be responsible for deregulation of Cldn11 in the Sertoli cells in varicocele testes, leading to alterations in the permeability of the blood-testis barrier and immunological barriers to normal spermatogenesis.
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12
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Kuzma-Kuzniarska M, Cornell HR, Moneke MC, Carr AJ, Hulley PA. Lovastatin-Mediated Changes in Human Tendon Cells. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:2543-51. [PMID: 25846724 PMCID: PMC4832302 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Statins are among the most widely prescribed drugs worldwide. Numerous studies have shown their beneficial effects in prevention of cardiovascular disease through cholesterol-lowering and anti-atherosclerotic properties. Although some statin patients may experience muscle-related symptoms, severe side effects of statin therapy are rare, primarily due to extensive first-pass metabolism in the liver. Skeletal muscles appear to be the main site of side effects; however, recently some statin-related adverse effects have been described in tendon. The mechanism behind these side effects remains unknown. This is the first study that explores tendon-specific effects of statins in human primary tenocytes. The cells were cultured with different concentrations of lovastatin for up to 1 week. No changes in cell viability or morphology were observed in tenocytes incubated with therapeutic doses. Short-term exposure to lovastatin concentrations outside the therapeutic range had no effect on tenocyte viability; however, cell migration was reduced. Simvastatin and atorvastatin, two other drug family members, also reduced the migratory properties of the cells. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of lovastatin induced changes in cytoskeleton leading to cell rounding and decreased levels of mRNA for matrix proteins, but increased BMP-2 expression. Gap junctional communication was impaired but due to cell shape change and separation rather than direct gap junction inhibition. These effects were accompanied by inhibition of prenylation of Rap1a small GTPase. Collectively, we showed that statins in a dose-dependent manner decrease migration of human tendon cells, alter their expression profile and impair the functional network, but do not inhibit gap junction function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kuzma-Kuzniarska
- Botnar Research Centre, Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah R Cornell
- Botnar Research Centre, Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael C Moneke
- Botnar Research Centre, Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Carr
- Botnar Research Centre, Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Philippa A Hulley
- Botnar Research Centre, Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Long DL, Willey JS, Loeser RF. Rac1 is required for matrix metalloproteinase 13 production by chondrocytes in response to fibronectin fragments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:1561-8. [PMID: 23460186 DOI: 10.1002/art.37922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Matrix fragments, including fibronectin (FN) fragments, accumulate during the development of osteoarthritis (OA), stimulating the production of chondrocyte matrix metalloproteinase (MMP). The objective of this study was to determine the role of the small GTPase Rac1 in chondrocyte signaling stimulated by FN fragments, which results in MMP-13 production. METHODS Normal human cartilage was obtained from tissue donors and OA cartilage from knee arthroplasty specimens. Rac1 activity was modulated with a chemical inhibitor, by knockdown with small interfering RNA (siRNA), or with constitutively active Rac or dominant-negative Rac adenovirus. Cells were treated with FN fragments, with or without epidermal growth factor (EGF) or transforming growth factor α (TGFα), which are known activators of Rac. Rac1 activity was measured with a colorimetric activity enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, a pulldown assay, and immunostaining with a monoclonal antibody against active Rac. RESULTS Chemical inhibition of Rac1, as well as knockdown by siRNA and expression of dominant-negative Rac, blocked FN fragment-stimulated MMP-13 production, while expression of constitutively active Rac increased MMP-13 production. Inhibition of Rho-associated kinase had no effect. EGF and TGFα, but not FN fragments, increased Rac1 activity and promoted the increase in MMP-13 above that achieved by stimulation with FN fragments alone. Active Rac was detected in OA cartilage by immunostaining. CONCLUSION Rac1 is required for FN fragment-induced signaling that results in increased MMP-13 production. EGF receptor ligands, which activate Rac, can promote this effect. The presence of active Rac in OA cartilage and the ability of Rac to stimulate MMP-13 production suggest that it could play a role in the cartilage matrix destruction seen in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Long
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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14
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Zhu S, Liu H, Wu Y, Heng BC, Chen P, Liu H, Ouyang HW. Wnt and Rho GTPase signaling in osteoarthritis development and intervention: implications for diagnosis and therapy. Arthritis Res Ther 2013; 15:217. [PMID: 23856044 PMCID: PMC3979163 DOI: 10.1186/ar4240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt and Rho GTPase signaling play critical roles in governing numerous aspects of cell physiology, and have been shown to be involved in endochondral ossification and osteoarthritis (OA) development. In this review, current studies of canonical Wnt signaling in OA development, together with the differential roles of Rho GTPases in chondrocyte maturation and OA pathology are critically summarized. Based on the current scientific literature together with our preliminary results, the strategy of targeting Wnt and Rho GTPase for OA prognosis and therapy is suggested, which is instructive for clinical treatment of the disease.
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15
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Cyclic compression-induced p38 activation and subsequent MMP13 expression requires Rho/ROCK activity in bovine cartilage explants. Inflamm Res 2012; 61:1093-100. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-012-0500-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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16
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Novakofski KD, Torre CJ, Fortier LA. Interleukin-1α, -6, and -8 decrease Cdc42 activity resulting in loss of articular chondrocyte phenotype. J Orthop Res 2012; 30:246-51. [PMID: 21809384 DOI: 10.1002/jor.21515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 07/08/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Small GTPase proteins mediate changes in cellular morphology and other cellular functions. The aim of this study was to examine signaling of the small GTPase Cdc42 by stimulating chondrocytes grown in monolayer with long- (96 h) or short- (2 and 30 min) term exposure to interleukin-1α (IL-1α), IL-6, or IL-8. Quantitative PCR was used to determine changes in collagen type IIB (COL2A1), aggrecan (AGG), and matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) gene expression after prolonged cytokine exposure. Effects of short-term treatment with IL-α, IL-6, or IL-8 on endogenous GTP-bound Cdc42 levels were assessed using an affinity assay, and on actin filament organization using confocal microscopy. Cytokine treatments significantly decreased COL2A1 and AGG expression and increased MMP-13 expression. Short exposure to IL-1α, IL-6, or IL-8 decreased endogenous GTP-Cdc42 and increased stress fibers, which were reversed with cytochalasin D treatment. These results show that IL-mediated Cdc42 signaling modifies chondrocyte phenotype and morphology. This may lend insight into the altered chondrocyte phenotype in catabolic conditions such as osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira D Novakofski
- Department of Clinical Sciences, VMC, Cornell University, C3-181, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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17
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Lie PPY, Cheng CY, Mruk DD. The biology of interleukin-1: emerging concepts in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and cell junction dynamics. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:487-500. [PMID: 21744066 PMCID: PMC3297025 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0760-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-1 is a proinflammatory cytokine with important roles in innate immunity, as well as in normal tissue homeostasis. Interestingly, recent studies have also shown IL-1 to function in the dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton and cell junctions. For example, treatment of different epithelia with IL-1α often results in the restructuring of the actin network and cell junctions, thereby leading to junction disassembly. In this review, we highlight new and interesting findings that show IL-1 to be a critical player of restructuring events in the seminiferous epithelium of the testis during spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pearl P. Y. Lie
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - C. Yan Cheng
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Dolores D. Mruk
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 USA
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Takeshita N, Yoshimi E, Hatori C, Kumakura F, Seki N, Shimizu Y. Alleviating Effects of AS1892802, a Rho Kinase Inhibitor, on Osteoarthritic Disorders in Rodents. J Pharmacol Sci 2011; 115:481-9. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.10319fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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19
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Beier F, Loeser RF. Biology and pathology of Rho GTPase, PI-3 kinase-Akt, and MAP kinase signaling pathways in chondrocytes. J Cell Biochem 2010; 110:573-80. [PMID: 20512918 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chondrocytes provide the framework for the developing skeleton and regulate long-bone growth through the activity of the growth plate. Chondrocytes in the articular cartilage, found at the ends of bones in diarthroidial joints, are responsible for maintenance of the tissue through synthesis and degradation of the extracellular matrix. The processes of growth, differentiation, cell death and matrix remodeling are regulated by a network of cell signaling pathways in response to a variety of extracellular stimuli. These stimuli consist of soluble ligands, including growth factors and cytokines, extracellular matrix proteins, and mechanical factors that act in concert to regulate chondrocyte function through a variety of canonical and non-canonical signaling pathways. Key chondrocyte signaling pathways include, but are not limited to, the p38, JNK and ERK MAP kinases, the PI-3 kinase-Akt pathway, the Jak-STAT pathway, Rho GTPases and Wnt-beta-catenin and Smad pathways. Modulation of the activity of any of these pathways has been associated with various pathological states in cartilage. This review focuses on the Rho GTPases, the PI-3 kinase-Akt pathway, and some selected aspects of MAP kinase signaling. Most studies to date have examined these pathways in isolation but it is becoming clear that there is significant cross-talk among the pathways and that the overall effects on chondrocyte function depend on the balance in activity of multiple signaling proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Beier
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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