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Gimenez C, Alperin M, De Vita R. The Effect of Menopause on Vaginal Tissue Mechanics: A Brief Review. J Biomech Eng 2024; 146:060903. [PMID: 37542707 DOI: 10.1115/1.4063101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Often called "the change of life," menopause affects every part of a woman's body. As the sex hormones decrease, the reproductive organs experience the most remarkable changes, with the vagina becoming thinner, drier, and less elastic. Despite the important implications of these changes in genitourinary conditions, there are only a few experimental studies that focus on quantifying the effect of menopause on the mechanical properties of the vagina. These studies are mostly conducted using uniaxial tests on strips of vaginal tissues isolated from rats, rabbits, and sheep and, in only a few cases, from humans. The purpose of this article is to present a systematic review of experimental protocols, methods, and results that are currently published on how menopause alters the mechanical behavior of the vagina. This review will enable new investigators in the biomechanics field to identify important gaps and frame research questions that inform the design of new treatment options for menopausal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Gimenez
- STRETCH Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
- Virginia Tech
| | - Marianna Alperin
- Division of Urogynecology and Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92097
| | - Raffaella De Vita
- STRETCH Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
- Virginia Tech Services
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Turżańska K, Tomczyk-Warunek A, Dobrzyński M, Jarzębski M, Patryn R, Niezbecka-Zając J, Wojciechowska M, Mela A, Zarębska-Mróz A. Strontium Ranelate and Strontium Chloride Supplementation Influence on Bone Microarchitecture and Bone Turnover Markers-A Preliminary Study. Nutrients 2023; 16:91. [PMID: 38201922 PMCID: PMC10781151 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite strontium ranelate use in osteoporosis management being one of the promising concepts in disease treatment, there is no clear evidence that strontium organic compounds are more effective than inorganic ones. The aim of this study was to compare strontium chlorate and strontium ranelate influence on the mice bone microarchitecture. We investigated whether strontium chlorate (7.532 mmol/L) and strontium ranelate (7.78 mmol/L) solutions fed to healthy SWISS growing mice (n = 42) had an influence on the percent of bone volume (BV/TV), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), number of trabeculae (Tb.N), and separation between each trabecula (Tb.Sp) in the chosen ROI (region of interest) in the distal metaphysis of the left femurs. The cortical bone surface was examined close to the ROI proximal scan. There was an increase in each examined parameter compared with the control group. There were no statistical differences between strontium ranelate and strontium chlorate parameters. Our study indicates that organic and inorganic strontium compounds similarly affect the bone microarchitecture and strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Turżańska
- Department of Rehabilitation and Orthopaedics, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (K.T.); (J.N.-Z.); (A.Z.-M.)
| | - Agnieszka Tomczyk-Warunek
- Department of Rehabilitation and Orthopaedics, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (K.T.); (J.N.-Z.); (A.Z.-M.)
| | - Maciej Dobrzyński
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Preclinical Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Maciej Jarzębski
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 38/42, 60-637 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Rafał Patryn
- Department of Humanities and Social Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 7, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Joanna Niezbecka-Zając
- Department of Rehabilitation and Orthopaedics, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (K.T.); (J.N.-Z.); (A.Z.-M.)
| | - Monika Wojciechowska
- Department of Pediatrics and Nephrology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Aneta Mela
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Aneta Zarębska-Mróz
- Department of Rehabilitation and Orthopaedics, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (K.T.); (J.N.-Z.); (A.Z.-M.)
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Shaul J, Hill R, Bruder S, Tilton A, Howe J. Triphasic calcium-based implant material resorbs and is replaced with bone in ovariectomized rats with or without bisphosphonate treatment. J Orthop Res 2022; 40:2271-2280. [PMID: 34935182 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of AGN1, a triphasic calcium-based material, and alendronate (A) on distal femoral defect bone repair in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Of 106 rats, 92 were OVX'ed at 12 weeks old and underwent a 12-week induction period. Animals were randomized into five groups: OVX Control, OVX Alendronate Control, Normal Control, OVX Implantation, OVX Alendronate + Implantation. OVX Alendronate Control and OVX Alendronate + Implantation groups received alendronate injection twice weekly (0.015 mg/kg) from 6 weeks until sacrifice. Twelve weeks after OVX, 2.5 mm diameter by 4.0 mm long cylindrical, bilateral distal femoral defects were created in experimental animals. One defect was left empty, and one filled with AGN1. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, microcomputed tomography, and histomorphometry were performed 0-, 6-, 12-, and 18-week postdefect/implantation surgery (N = 6-8/group). Results showed OVX induced significant and progressive bone loss which alendronate prevented. Histomorphometry demonstrated rapid AGN1 resorption: AGN1 resorbed from 95.1 ± 0.7% filling of the implant site (week 0) to 1.3 ± 1.0% (18 weeks) with no significant alendronate effect (1.6 ± 1.1%, 18 weeks). Bone formation in empty defects consisted primarily of cortical wall healing, whereas AGN1 implants demonstrated cortical wall healing with new trabecular bone filling the subcortical space. Alendronate dramatically increased bone formation in empty and AGN1 defects. We conclude AGN1 is resorbed and replaced by new cortical and trabecular bone in this OVX model, and alendronate did not compromise these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ronald Hill
- AgNovos Healthcare, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Scott Bruder
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - James Howe
- AgNovos Healthcare, Rockville, Maryland, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
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Nguyen DK, Laroche N, Vanden‐Bossche A, Linossier M, Thomas M, Peyroche S, Normand M, Bertache Y, Thomas T, Marotte H, Vico L, Lafage‐Proust M, Rousseau M. Protective effect on bone of nacre supplementation in ovariectomized rats. JBMR Plus 2022; 6:e10655. [PMID: 36111203 PMCID: PMC9464996 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nacre has emerged as a beneficial natural product for bone cells and tissues, but its effect was only studied by gavage in the ovariectomized mouse model. We sought to assess the antiosteoporotic effect of nacre through a nutritional supplementation in the ovariectomized rat model. Sixteen‐week‐old female Wistar rats were either Sham‐operated or bilateral ovariectomized (OVX) and then fed with standard diet (Sham and OVX groups) or standard diet supplemented with either 0.25% CaCO3 or nacre (OVX CaCO3 and OVX Nacre group, respectively) for 28 days (n = 10/group). The bone microarchitecture was assessed at appendicular and axial bones by micro‐computed tomography (μCT). Histomorphometric analysis was performed to determine cellular and dynamic bone parameters. Bone metabolism was also evaluated by biochemical markers and gene expression levels. Nacre‐based diet prevented the OVX‐induced bone loss better than that of the CaCO3 supplement, given the significant changes in trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV) both at the femoral distal metaphysis (difference, 35%; p = 0.004) and at the second lumbar spine (difference, 11%; p = 0.01). Trabecular osteoclast surfaces (Oc.S/BS) were also 1.5‐fold lower at the tibial proximal metaphysis in OVX Nacre group compared with OVX CaCO3 group (p = 0.02). By principal component analysis (PCA), OVX Nacre group formed a cluster away from OVX group and with a trend closest to Sham group. These data were consistent with biological measurements demonstrating a positive profile related to nacre supplementation, which blunted an increase in serum CTX level and enhanced serum P1NP secretion 14 days post‐OVX compared with CaCO3 supplementation. Bmp2 mRNA expression in OVX Nacre group was +1.76‐fold (p = 0.004) and +1.30‐fold (p = 0.20) compared with OVX and OVX CaCO3 groups, respectively. We conclude that supplementation with nacre could effectively limit bone loss induced by estrogen deficiency just after OVX in rats by modulating the negative imbalance of bone turnover. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dung Kim Nguyen
- U1059 SAINBIOSE, INSERM, Univ Jean Monnet, Univ Lyon, Mines Saint‐Étienne Saint‐Étienne France
| | - Norbert Laroche
- U1059 SAINBIOSE, INSERM, Univ Jean Monnet, Univ Lyon, Mines Saint‐Étienne Saint‐Étienne France
| | - Arnaud Vanden‐Bossche
- U1059 SAINBIOSE, INSERM, Univ Jean Monnet, Univ Lyon, Mines Saint‐Étienne Saint‐Étienne France
| | - Marie‐Thérèse Linossier
- U1059 SAINBIOSE, INSERM, Univ Jean Monnet, Univ Lyon, Mines Saint‐Étienne Saint‐Étienne France
| | - Mireille Thomas
- U1059 SAINBIOSE, INSERM, Univ Jean Monnet, Univ Lyon, Mines Saint‐Étienne Saint‐Étienne France
| | - Sylvie Peyroche
- U1059 SAINBIOSE, INSERM, Univ Jean Monnet, Univ Lyon, Mines Saint‐Étienne Saint‐Étienne France
| | - Myriam Normand
- U1059 SAINBIOSE, INSERM, Univ Jean Monnet, Univ Lyon, Mines Saint‐Étienne Saint‐Étienne France
| | - Yacine Bertache
- U1059 SAINBIOSE, INSERM, Univ Jean Monnet, Univ Lyon, Mines Saint‐Étienne Saint‐Étienne France
| | - Thierry Thomas
- U1059 SAINBIOSE, INSERM, Univ Jean Monnet, Univ Lyon, Mines Saint‐Étienne Saint‐Étienne France
- Department of Rheumatology Hôpital Nord, CHU Saint‐Etienne Saint‐Etienne France
| | - Hubert Marotte
- U1059 SAINBIOSE, INSERM, Univ Jean Monnet, Univ Lyon, Mines Saint‐Étienne Saint‐Étienne France
- Department of Rheumatology Hôpital Nord, CHU Saint‐Etienne Saint‐Etienne France
| | - Laurence Vico
- U1059 SAINBIOSE, INSERM, Univ Jean Monnet, Univ Lyon, Mines Saint‐Étienne Saint‐Étienne France
| | - Marie‐Hélène Lafage‐Proust
- U1059 SAINBIOSE, INSERM, Univ Jean Monnet, Univ Lyon, Mines Saint‐Étienne Saint‐Étienne France
- Department of Rheumatology Hôpital Nord, CHU Saint‐Etienne Saint‐Etienne France
| | - Marthe Rousseau
- U1059 SAINBIOSE, INSERM, Univ Jean Monnet, Univ Lyon, Mines Saint‐Étienne Saint‐Étienne France
- University of Lyon, INSA‐Lyon, CNRS, MATEIS (UMR 5510) Villeurbanne France
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Sommer NG, Hirzberger D, Paar L, Berger L, Ćwieka H, Schwarze UY, Herber V, Okutan B, Bodey AJ, Willumeit-Römer R, Zeller-Plumhoff B, Löffler JF, Weinberg AM. Implant degradation of low-alloyed Mg-Zn-Ca in osteoporotic, old and juvenile rats. Acta Biomater 2022; 147:427-438. [PMID: 35644328 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Implant removal is unnecessary for biodegradable magnesium (Mg)-based implants and, therefore, the related risk for implant-induced fractures is limited. Aging, on the other hand, is associated with low bone-turnover and decreased bone mass and density, and thus increased fracture risk. Osteoporosis is accompanied by Mg deficiency, therefore, we hypothesized that Mg-based implants may support bone formation by Mg2+ ion release in an ovariectomy-induced osteoporotic rat model. Hence, we investigated osseointegration and implant degradation of a low-alloyed, degrading Mg-Zn-Ca implant (ZX00) in ovariectomy-induced osteoporotic (Osteo), old healthy (OH), and juvenile healthy (JH) groups of female Sprague Dawley rats via in vivo micro-computed tomography (µCT). For the Osteo rats, we demonstrate diminished trabecular bone already after 8 weeks upon ovariectomy and significantly enhanced implant volume loss, with correspondingly pronounced gas formation, compared to the OH and JH groups. Sclerotic rim development was observed in about half of the osteoporotic rats, suggesting a prevention from foreign-body and osteonecrosis development. Synchrotron radiation-based µCT confirmed lower bone volume fractions in the Osteo group compared to the OH and JH groups. Qualitative histological analysis additionally visualized the enhanced implant degradation in the Osteo group. To date, ZX00 provides an interesting implant material for young and older healthy patients, but it may not be of advantage in pharmacologically untreated osteoporotic conditions. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Magnesium-based implants are promising candidates for treatment of osteoporotic fractures because of their biodegradable, biomechanical, anti-bacterial and bone regenerative properties. Here we investigate magnesium‒zinc‒calcium implant materials in a rat model with ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis (Osteo group) and compare the related osseointegration and implant degradation with the results obtained for old healthy (OH) and juvenile healthy (JH) rats. The work applied an appropriate disease model for osteoporosis and focused in particular on long-term implant degradation for different bone conditions. Enhanced implant degradation and sclerotic rim formation was observed in osteoporotic rats, which illustrates that the setting of different bone models generates significantly modified clinical outcome. It further illustrated that these differences must be taken into account in future biodegradable implant development.
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Skic A, Puzio I, Tymicki G, Kołodziej P, Pawłowska-Olszewska M, Skic K, Beer-Lech K, Bieńko M, Gołacki K. Effect of Nesfatin-1 on Rat Humerus Mechanical Properties under Quasi-Static and Impact Loading Conditions. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15010333. [PMID: 35009479 PMCID: PMC8746063 DOI: 10.3390/ma15010333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The investigations on the response of bone tissue under different loading conditions are important from clinical and engineering points of view. In this paper, the influence of nesfatin-1 administration on rat humerus mechanical properties was analyzed. The classical three-point bending and impact tests were carried out for three rat bone groups: control (SHO), the humerus of animals under the conditions of established osteopenia (OVX), and bones of rats receiving nesfatin-1 after ovariectomy (NES). The experiments proved that the bone strength parameters measured under various mechanical loading conditions increased after the nesfatin-1 administration. The OVX bones were most susceptible to deformation and had the smallest fracture toughness. The SEM images of humerus fracture surface in this group showed that ovariectomized rats had a much looser bone structure compared to the SHO and NES females. Loosening of the bone structure was also confirmed by the densitometric and qualitative EDS analysis, showing a decrease in the OVX bones’ mineral content. The samples of the NES group were characterized by the largest values of maximum force obtained under both quasi-static and impact conditions. The energies absorbed during the impact and the critical energy for fracture (from the three-point bending test) were similar for the SHO and NES groups. Statistically significant differences were observed between the mean Fi max values of all analyzed sample groups. The obtained results suggest that the impact test was more sensitive than the classical quasi-static three-point bending one. Hence, Fi max could be used as a parameter to predict bone fracture toughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Skic
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-612 Lublin, Poland; (P.K.); (K.B.-L.); (K.G.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (I.P.)
| | - Iwona Puzio
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (G.T.); (M.P.-O.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (I.P.)
| | - Grzegorz Tymicki
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (G.T.); (M.P.-O.); (M.B.)
| | - Paweł Kołodziej
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-612 Lublin, Poland; (P.K.); (K.B.-L.); (K.G.)
| | - Marta Pawłowska-Olszewska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (G.T.); (M.P.-O.); (M.B.)
| | - Kamil Skic
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 20-290 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Karolina Beer-Lech
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-612 Lublin, Poland; (P.K.); (K.B.-L.); (K.G.)
| | - Marek Bieńko
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (G.T.); (M.P.-O.); (M.B.)
| | - Krzysztof Gołacki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-612 Lublin, Poland; (P.K.); (K.B.-L.); (K.G.)
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Liu J, Kim EK, Ni A, Kim YR, Zheng F, Lee BS, Kim DG. Multiscale characterization of ovariectomized rat femur. J Biomech 2021; 122:110462. [PMID: 33915473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen deficiency activates bone resorbing cells (osteoclasts) and to a lesser extent bone forming cells (osteoblasts), resulting in a gap between resorption and formation that leads to a net loss of bone. These cell activities alter bone architecture and tissue composition. Thus, the objective of this study is to examine whether multiscale (10-2 to 10-7 m) characterization can provide more integrated information to understand the effects of estrogen deficiency on the fracture risk of bone. This is the first study to examine the effects of estrogen deficiency on multiscale characteristics of the same bone specimen. Sprague-Dawley female rats (6 months old) were obtained for a bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) or a sham operation (sham). Micro-computed tomography of rat femurs provided bone volumetric, mineral density, and morphological parameters. Dynamic mechanical analysis, static elastic and fracture mechanical testing, and nanoindentation were also performed using the same femur. As expected, the current findings indicate that OVX reduces bone quantity (mass and bone mineral density) and quality (morphology, and fracture displacement). Additionally, they demonstrated reductions in amount and heterogeneity of tissue mineral density (TMD) and viscoelastic properties. The current results validate that multiscale characterization for the same bone specimen can provide more comprehensive insights to understand how the bone components contributed to mechanical behavior at different scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Division of Restorative Science and Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Eun Kyoung Kim
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ai Ni
- Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yong-Rak Kim
- Zachry Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Fengyuan Zheng
- Division of Restorative Science and Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Beth S Lee
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Do-Gyoon Kim
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Effect of Naringin Treatment on Postmenopausal Osteoporosis in Ovariectomized Rats: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6016874. [PMID: 33628301 PMCID: PMC7889366 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6016874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Osteoporosis is a major disease that affects the quality of life of middle-aged and old people, so it is very important to find efficient and safe drugs to treat osteoporosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of naringin on postmenopausal osteoporosis in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Methods Chinese biomedical databases, CNKI, PubMed, EMBASE, and Wan Fang were searched for articles from inception to March 2020. Two independent researchers screened articles according to inclusion criteria. RevMan 5.3 was used for data analysis. Results Ten studies were included in the systematic review. The bone mineral density (BMD) significantly increased after naringin treatment (weighted mean difference, 0.06; 95% CI, 0.03–0.09; P < 0.01). There was no significant increase in BMD after estrogen treatment compared with naringin (weighted mean difference, 0.00; 95% CI, −0.00 to 0.01; P = 0.06). The trabecular bone volume (BV/TV) (weighted mean difference, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.85–2.34; P < 0.01) and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) (weighted mean difference, 6.65; 95% CI, 6.55–6.74; P < 0.01) significantly increased after using naringin. Conclusions Naringin had been shown to promote bone formation in OVX rats. However, the mechanism of naringin needs more research to confirm.
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Surowiec RK, Ram S, Idiyatullin D, Goulet R, Schlecht SH, Galban CJ, Kozloff KM. In vivo quantitative imaging biomarkers of bone quality and mineral density using multi-band-SWIFT magnetic resonance imaging. Bone 2021; 143:115615. [PMID: 32853850 PMCID: PMC7770067 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Bone is a composite biomaterial of mineral crystals, organic matrix, and water. Each contributes to bone quality and strength and may change independently, or together, with disease progression and treatment. Even so, there is a near ubiquitous reliance on ionizing x-ray-based approaches to measure bone mineral density (BMD) which is unable to fully characterize bone strength and may not adequately predict fracture risk. Characterization of treatment efficacy in bone diseases of altered remodeling is complicated by the lack of imaging modality able to safely monitor material-level and biochemical changes in vivo. To improve upon the current state of bone imaging, we tested the efficacy of Multi Band SWeep Imaging with Fourier Transformation (MB-SWIFT) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a readout of bone derangement in an estrogen deficient ovariectomized (OVX) rat model during growth. MB-SWIFT MRI-derived BMD correlated significantly with BMD measured using micro-computed tomography (μCT). In this rodent model, growth appeared to overcome estrogen deficiency as bone mass continued to increase longitudinally over the duration of the study. Nonetheless, after 10 weeks of intervention, MB-SWIFT detected significant changes consistent with estrogen deficiency in cortical water, cortical matrix organization (T1), and marrow fat. Findings point to MB-SWIFT's ability to quantify BMD in good agreement with μCT while providing additive quantitative outcomes about bone quality in a manner consistent with estrogen deficiency. These results indicate MB-SWIFT as a non-ionizing imaging strategy with value for bone imaging and may be a promising technique to progress to the clinic for monitoring and clinical management of patients with bone diseases such as osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel K Surowiec
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sundaresh Ram
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Djaudat Idiyatullin
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Robert Goulet
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stephen H Schlecht
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Craig J Galban
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kenneth M Kozloff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Só BB, Silveira FM, Llantada GS, Jardim LC, Calcagnotto T, Martins MAT, Martins MD. Effects of osteoporosis on alveolar bone repair after tooth extraction: A systematic review of preclinical studies. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 125:105054. [PMID: 33667958 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review aimed to address whether the alveolar socket repair after a tooth extraction is impacted by an osteoporotic phenotype and propose methodological observations. DESIGN A search strategy in MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus databases was performed. Quality assessment was carried out through the SYRCLE Risk of Bias tool. RESULTS Out of the 1147 potentially relevant records, 25 met the inclusion criteria. Most of the studies were performed in rats, and ovariectomy (OVX) was the most frequent osteoporosis induction method. Histomorphometry, micro-computed tomography (microCT), and immunohistochemistry were the main bone repair evaluation methods. Most of the included studies (88 %) presented negative impacts of osteoporosis on the alveolar socket repair. Only three studies (12 %) showed no statistical differences among groups. Overall, most of the quality assessment categories presented a high percentage of unclear risk of bias due to insufficient information in the studies. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that an osteoporotic phenotype seems to impair alveolar socket repair after tooth extraction. However, there is still a lack of information and standardization. Therefore, further studies should consider the proposed methodological aspects regarding animal characteristics, OVX associated with a low calcium diet, waiting 8 weeks to osteoporosis induction, maxillary molars as the best option for tooth extraction, confirming and reporting OVX and osteoporosis success, and an appropriate method of repair analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Barcelos Só
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, R. Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, CEP: 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Felipe Martins Silveira
- Oral Diagnosis Department, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, CEP: 13414-903, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Sauer Llantada
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, R. Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, CEP: 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luisa Comerlato Jardim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, R. Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, CEP: 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Thiago Calcagnotto
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, FATEC Dental CEEO, Igrejinha, R. Independência, 290, CEP: 95650-000, RS, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Trevizani Martins
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, R. Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, CEP: 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Manoela Domingues Martins
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, R. Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, CEP: 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Oral Diagnosis Department, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, CEP: 13414-903, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
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11
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Watanabe K, Lewis S, Guo X, Ni A, Lee BS, Deguchi T, Kim DG. Regional variations of jaw bone characteristics in an ovariectomized rat model. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 110:103952. [PMID: 32957244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis causes severe loss of bone quantity and quality in limb bone but has a lesser effect on jaw bone. Thus, the objective of this study was to examine whether ovariectomy (OVX) and mastication alter the regional variation of jaw bone characteristics. Sprague-Dawley female rats (6 months) were given a bilateral OVX or a sham operation (SHAM) (n = 10 for each group). After 2 months post-OVX, the hemi-mandible from each rat was dissected. A micro-computed tomography based mean, standard deviation (SD), the lower and upper 5th percentile (Low5 and High5) values of tissue mineral density (TMD) histograms were assessed for whole bone (WB), alveolar bone (AB), cortical bone (CB), and trabecular bone (TB) regions. Morphology of TB and periodontal ligament (PDL) was also obtained. Layers of AB were segmented up to 400 μm from the PDL. Mechanical properties at the tissue level were measured by nanoindentation at the same site by a single loading-unloading cycle of indentation in hydration. The AB and TB regions had significantly lower TMD Mean, Low5, and High5 but higher SD than the CB region for both sham and OVX groups (p < 0.01). TMD parameters of the OVX group rapidly increased up to 60 μm away from the PDL and were significantly higher than those of the sham group starting at 280 μm and farther in the CB region (p < 0.05). All values of morphological and nanoindentation parameters were not significantly different between sham and OVX groups (p > 0.06). Estrogen deficiency induced by OVX did not deteriorate bone characteristics including mineral density, morphology, and nanoindentation parameters in rat mandibles. Masticatory loading had an effect on the TMD parameters at the limited region of AB. These results provide insight into why osteoporosis-associated jaw bone fractures are extremely rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichiro Watanabe
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Samantha Lewis
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Xiaohan Guo
- Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Ai Ni
- Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Beth S Lee
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Toru Deguchi
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Do-Gyoon Kim
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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12
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Yousefzadeh N, Kashfi K, Jeddi S, Ghasemi A. Ovariectomized rat model of osteoporosis: a practical guide. EXCLI JOURNAL 2020; 19:89-107. [PMID: 32038119 PMCID: PMC7003643 DOI: 10.17179/excli2019-1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis affects about 200 million people worldwide and is a silent disease until a fracture occurs. Management of osteoporosis is still a challenge that warrants further studies for establishing new prevention strategies and more effective treatment modalities. For this purpose, animal models of osteoporosis are appropriate tools, of which the ovariectomized rat model is the most commonly used. The aim of this study is to provide a 4-step guideline for inducing a rat model of osteoporosis by ovariectomy (OVX): (1) selection of the rat strain, (2) choosing the appropriate age of rats at the time of OVX, (3) selection of an appropriate surgical method and verification of OVX, and (4) evaluation of OVX-induced osteoporosis. This review of literature shows that (i) Sprague-Dawley and Wistar rats are the most common strains used, both responding similarly to OVX; (ii) six months of age appears to be the best time for inducing OVX; (iii) dorsolateral skin incision is an appropriate choice for initiating OVX; and (iv) the success of OVX can be verified 1-3 weeks after surgery, following cessation of the regular estrus cycles, decreased estradiol, progesterone, and uterine weight as well as increased LH and FSH levels. Current data shows that the responses of trabecular bones of proximal tibia, lumbar vertebrae and femur to OVX are similar to those in humans; however, for short-term studies, proximal tibia is recommended. Osteoporosis in rats is verified by lower bone mineral density and lower trabecular number and thickness as well as higher trabecular separation, changes that are observed at 14, 30, and 60 days post-OVX in proximal tibia, lumbar vertebrae and femur, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasibeh Yousefzadeh
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Sajad Jeddi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asghar Ghasemi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Bott KN, Yumol JL, Peters SJ, Ward WE. Sex-specific responses in trabecular and cortical microstructure of tibia due to repeated irradiation from micro-computed tomography in adult CD-1 mice. Bone Rep 2020; 12:100232. [PMID: 31909094 PMCID: PMC6938922 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2019.100232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
While repeated in vivo micro-computed tomography (μCT) allows for longitudinal measurement of bone outcomes in rodent models, it is important to determine that the resulting irradiation – dependent on the frequency and number of scans - does not exceed the effects of the intervention. The objective of this study was to determine whether repeated irradiation exposure from μCT scans at 1-month intervals for a total of four scans would alter trabecular or cortical bone structure outcomes and/or bone mineral density in tibias from both male and female CD-1 mice. The right tibia of male (n = 12) and female (n = 11) CD-1 mice were scanned using μCT at 2, 3, 4, and 5 months of age, while the contralateral left tibia served as a control and was scanned only at 5 months of age. All scans were performed at a resolution of 9 μm using a radiation dose of 460 mGy per scan. Some outcomes of trabecular bone structure were affected by repeated irradiation in both males and females. The bone volume fraction was lower in the irradiated right tibia compared to the non-irradiated left tibia in both males (p < 0.05) and females (p < 0.01) as a result of decreased trabecular number (males p < 0.05; females p < 0.05) and increased trabecular separation (males p < 0.05; females p < 0.01). Some cortical measures were also affected in females but not in males, including lower cortical bone periosteal perimeter (p < 0.05), lower total area (p < 0.01) and lower marrow area (p < 0.05) with repeated irradiation. Exposure to repeated radiation at intervals of 1 month, for a total of four scans, altered trabecular bone in both male and female CD-1 mice while outcomes of cortical bone structure were altered only in females. Repeated irradiation from in vivoμCT - 4 scans at 1-month intervals - alters trabecular bone in both sexes Cortical bone is also altered, but to a lesser degree than trabecular bone and only in females Different types of bone are affected in a sex-specific response
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten N Bott
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Jenalyn L Yumol
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Sandra J Peters
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Wendy E Ward
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
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14
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Coutel X, Delattre J, Marchandise P, Falgayrac G, Béhal H, Kerckhofs G, Penel G, Olejnik C. Mandibular bone is protected against microarchitectural alterations and bone marrow adipose conversion in ovariectomized rats. Bone 2019; 127:343-352. [PMID: 31276849 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a disease that leads to a loss of bone mass and to alterations in the bone microarchitecture that occur in a site-specific manner; however it remains controversial in the jaw. The involvement of bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) in the bone metabolism has been suggested in several physiopathological contexts, such as in aging and osteoporosis. To test whether the BMAT content is related to mandibular bone loss, this study aimed to investigate the potential correlations between the trabecular bone microarchitecture on one hand and BMAT content and its spatial distribution in relation to bone surface on the other hand during aging and ovariectomy (OVX) during a long-term follow-up in a mature rat model. No age-related microarchitectural or BMAT changes were observed in the mandible. The OVX-induced bone loss was three-fold lower in the mandible than in the tibia and was observed only in the alveolar bone (not in the condyle). We also report a delayed increase in the mandibular BMAT content that remained 4-6-fold lower compared to tibia. This low BMAT content in the mandible was located at a distance from the trabecular bone surface (only 5% in contact with the bone surface versus 87% in the tibia). These findings highlight a specific mandibular response to OVX, in particular fewer microarchitectural alterations compared to that in the tibia. For the latter, the trabecular bone thickness and surface were correlated with the BMAT content. Oral functions may have a protective effect on the mandibular BMAT conversion in an OVX context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Coutel
- Univ. Lille, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, CHU Lille, EA 4490 - PMOI, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Jérôme Delattre
- Univ. Lille, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, CHU Lille, EA 4490 - PMOI, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Pierre Marchandise
- Univ. Lille, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, CHU Lille, EA 4490 - PMOI, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Guillaume Falgayrac
- Univ. Lille, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, CHU Lille, EA 4490 - PMOI, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Hélène Béhal
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, EA 2694 - Santé publique: épidémiologie et qualité des soins, Unité de Méthodologie et Biostatistiques, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Greet Kerckhofs
- Biomechanics Lab, Institute of Mechanics, Materials, and Civil Engineering, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, UCLouvain, Woluwe, Belgium; Department Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Penel
- Univ. Lille, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, CHU Lille, EA 4490 - PMOI, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Cécile Olejnik
- Univ. Lille, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, CHU Lille, EA 4490 - PMOI, F-59000 Lille, France
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15
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Almeida ALG, Freitas GP, Lopes HB, Gimenes R, Siessere S, Sousa LG, Beloti MM, Rosa AL. Effect of stem cells combined with a polymer/ceramic membrane on osteoporotic bone repair. Braz Oral Res 2019; 33:e079. [PMID: 31531565 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2019.vol33.0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy associated with guided bone regeneration (GBR) can be used to treat bone defects under challenging conditions such as osteoporosis. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in combination with a poly(vinylidene-trifluoroethylene)/barium titanate (PVDF-TrFE/BT) membrane on bone repair in osteoporotic rats. Osteoporosis was induced in female rats by bilateral removal of the ovaries (OVX) or sham surgery (SHAM), and the osteoporotic condition was characterized after 5 months by microtomographic and morphometric analyses. Calvarial defects were created in osteoporotic rats that immediately received the PVDF-TrFE/BT membrane. After 2 weeks, bone marrow-derived MSCs from healthy rats, characterized by the expression of surface markers using flow cytometry, or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (Control) were injected into the defects and bone formation was evaluated 4 weeks post-injection by microtomographic, morphometric, and histological analyses. A reduction in the amount of bone tissue in the femurs of OVX compared with SHAM rats confirmed the osteoporotic condition of the experimental model. More bone formation was observed when the defects were injected with MSCs compared to that with PBS. The modification that we are proposing in this study for the classical GBR approach where cells are locally injected after a membrane implantation may be a promising therapeutic strategy to increase bone formation under osteoporotic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gileade Pereira Freitas
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto , Bone Research Lab , Ribeirão Preto , SP , Brazil
| | - Helena Bacha Lopes
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto , Bone Research Lab , Ribeirão Preto , SP , Brazil
| | - Rossano Gimenes
- Universidade Federal de Itajubá - Unifei, Institute of Physics and Chemistry , Itajubá , MG , Brazil
| | - Selma Siessere
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto , Department of Basic and Oral Biology , Ribeirão Preto , SP , Brazil
| | - Luiz Gustavo Sousa
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto , Department of Basic and Oral Biology , Ribeirão Preto , SP , Brazil
| | - Marcio Mateus Beloti
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto , Bone Research Lab , Ribeirão Preto , SP , Brazil
| | - Adalberto Luiz Rosa
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto , Bone Research Lab , Ribeirão Preto , SP , Brazil
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16
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Lee JH, Han SS, Lee C, Kim YH, Battulga B. Microarchitectural changes in the mandibles of ovariectomized rats: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19:128. [PMID: 31242880 PMCID: PMC6595683 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0799-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to examine radiologic microarchitectural changes in the mandibles of ovariectomized (OVX) rats through a systematic review and meta-analysis and to identify factors of the OVX rat model that influence on the bone microstructure. Methods Eligible articles were identified by searching electronic databases, including Embase, Medline, Web of Science, and KoreaMed, for articles published from January 1966 to November 2017. Two reviewers independently performed study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment. The pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals was calculated using a random-effects model. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were performed to explore the effect of potential sources on the outcomes. The reliability of the results was assessed by sensitivity analysis and publication bias. Results Of 1160 studies, 16 studies (120 OVX and 120 control rats) were included in the meta-analysis. Compared to the control group, the OVX rats’ trabecular bone volume fraction (SMD = − 2.41, P < 0.01, I2 = 81%), trabecular thickness (SMD = − 1.73, P < 0.01, I2 = 73%) and bone mineral density (SMD = − 0.95, P = 0.01, I2 = 71%) displayed the bone loss consistent with osteoporosis. The trabecular separation (SMD = 1.66, P < 0.01, I2 = 51%) has widen in the OVX mandibular bone in comparison to the control group. However, the trabecular number showed no indication to detect the osteoporosis (SMD = − 0.45, P = 0.38, I2 = 76%). The meta-regression indicated that longer post-OVX periods led to greater changes in bone mineral density (β = − 0.104, P = 0.017). However, the rats’ age at OVX was not linked to bone microstructure change. Conclusions Using meta-regression and sensitivity analysis techniques, heterogeneity across the micro CT studies of OVX-induced osteoporosis was found. The major factors of heterogeneity were the region of interest and post-OVX period. Our assessment can assist in designing experiments to maximize the usefulness of OVX rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hee Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Sang-Sun Han
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
| | - Chena Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Young Hyun Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Bulgan Battulga
- School of Dentistry, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
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17
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Galanis D, Soultanis K, Lelovas P, Zervas A, Papadopoulos P, Galanos A, Argyropoulou K, Makropoulou M, Patsaki A, Passali C, Tsingotjidou A, Kourkoulis S, Mitakou S, Dontas I. Protective effect of Glycyrrhiza glabra roots extract on bone mineral density of ovariectomized rats. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2019; 9:8. [PMID: 31124454 PMCID: PMC6533940 DOI: 10.1051/bmdcn/2019090208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential effect of the methanolic extract of plant Glycyrrhiza glabra roots on bone mineral density and femoral bone strength of ovariectomized rats. Methods: Thirty 10-month-old Wistar rats were randomly separated into three groups of ten, Control, Ovariectomy and Ovariectomy-plus-Glycyrrhiza in their drinking water. Total and proximal tibial bone mineral density was measured in all groups before ovariectomy (baseline) and after 3 and 6 months post ovariectomy. Three-point-bending of the femurs and uterine weight and histology were examined at the end of the study. Results: No significant difference was noted in bone density percentage change of total tibia from baseline to 3 months between Control and Ovariectomy-plus-Glycyrrhiza groups (+5.31% ± 4.75 and +3.30% ± 6.31 respectively, P = non significant), and of proximal tibia accordingly (+5.58% ± 6.92 and +2.61% ± 13.62, P = non significant) demonstrating a strong osteoprotective effect. There was notable difference in percentage change of total tibia from baseline to 6 months between groups Ovariectomy and Ovariectomy-plus-Glycyrrhiza (−13.03% ± 5.11 and −0.84% ± 7.63 respectively, P < 0.005), and of proximal tibia accordingly (−27.9% ± 3.69 and −0.81% ± 14.85 respectively, P < 0.001), confirming the protective effect of Glycyrrhiza glabra extract in preserving bone density of the Ovariectomy-plus-Glycyrrhiza group. Three-point-bending did not reveal any statistically significant difference between Ovariectomy and Ovariectomy-plus-Glycyrrhiza groups. Uterine weights of the Ovariectomy-plus-Glycyrrhiza group ranged between the other two groups with no statistically significant difference to each. Conclusions: Glycyrrhiza glabra root extract notably protected tibial bone mineral density loss in Ovariectomy-plus-Glycyrrhiza rats in comparison with ovariectomized rats, but did not improve biomechanical strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Galanis
- Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System (LRMS), School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, KAT Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Soultanis
- 1st Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Medicine, Attiko Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Pavlos Lelovas
- Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System (LRMS), School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, KAT Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros Zervas
- Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System (LRMS), School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, KAT Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Papadopoulos
- Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System (LRMS), School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, KAT Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonis Galanos
- Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System (LRMS), School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, KAT Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Katerina Argyropoulou
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Makropoulou
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | | | - Christina Passali
- Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System (LRMS), School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, KAT Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Tsingotjidou
- Lab. of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Veterinary Medicine,
| | - Stavros Kourkoulis
- Department of Mechanics, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), National Technical University of Athens, Greece
| | - Sofia Mitakou
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Ismene Dontas
- Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System (LRMS), School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, KAT Hospital, Athens, Greece
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18
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Lotz EM, Cohen DJ, Ellis RA, Wayne JS, Schwartz Z, Boyan BD. Ibandronate Treatment Before and After Implant Insertion Impairs Osseointegration in Aged Rats with Ovariectomy Induced Osteoporosis. JBMR Plus 2019; 3:e10184. [PMID: 31372590 PMCID: PMC6659452 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive decreases in bone volume (BV) and bone mineral density (BMD) can lead to osteoporosis, potentially hindering implant osseointegration. Bisphosphonates are commonly used to combat osteoporosis by slowing osteoclast-mediated resorption; however, functional osteoclasts are integral to bone remodeling and, thus, implant osseointegration, potentially contraindicating bisphosphonate use during implantation. To optimize the use of implant technologies in patients with compromised bone structure and metabolism, we need a more complete understanding of the biological response to surface design. The goal of this study was to assess the effects of osteoporosis and bisphosphonates on osseointegration of titanium (Ti) implants with microstructured surfaces, which have been shown to support osteoblast differentiation in vitro and rapid osseointegration in vivo. Forty, 8-month-old, virgin, female CD Sprague Dawley rats underwent ovariectomy (OVX) or sham (SHOVX) surgery. After 5 weeks, animals were injected subcutaneously with either the bisphosphonate (BIS), Ibandronate (25 µg/kg), or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) every 25 days. 1 week after the initial injection, Ø2.5mm × 3.5mm microrough (SLA; grit-blasted/acid etched) implants were placed transcortically in the distal metaphysis of each femur resulting in four groups: 1) SHOVX+PBS; 2) SHOVX+BIS; 3) OVX+PBS; and 4) OVX+BIS. After 28d, qualitative properties of the bone and implant osseointegration were assessed using micro-computed tomography (microCT), calcified histomorphometry (Van Gieson's stain), and removal torque testing. microCT revealed decreased bone volume in OVX rats, which was slowed by bisphosphonate treatment. Reduced bone-to-implant contact (BIC) was evident in OVX+PBS compared to SHOVX+PBS. Although BV/TV was increased in OVX+BIS compared to OVX+PBS, bisphosphonate treatment had no effect on BIC. Removal torque testing revealed a higher maximum torque, torsional stiffness, and torsional energy in SHOVX compared to OVX with no effects due to bisphosphonate treatment. Our results show that osseointegration is decreased in osteoporotic animals. Ibandronate halts the progression of osteoporosis but does not enhance osseointegration. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan M Lotz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA 23284 USA
| | - David J Cohen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA 23284 USA
| | - Regan A Ellis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA 23284 USA
| | - Jennifer S Wayne
- Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA 23284 USA
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA 23284 USA.,Department of Periodontics University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio TX 78229 USA
| | - Barbara D Boyan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA 23284 USA.,Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
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19
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Rosales Rocabado JM, Kaku M, Nozaki K, Ida T, Kitami M, Aoyagi Y, Uoshima K. A multi-factorial analysis of bone morphology and fracture strength of rat femur in response to ovariectomy. J Orthop Surg Res 2018; 13:318. [PMID: 30545382 PMCID: PMC6293566 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-018-1018-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postmenopausal osteoporosis develops due to a deficiency of estrogen that causes a decrease in bone mass and changes in the macro- and micro-architectural structure of the bone, leading to the loss of mechanical strength and an increased risk of fracture. Although the assessment of bone mineral density (BMD) has been widely used as a gold standard for diagnostic screening of bone fracture risks, it accounts for only a part of the variation in bone fragility; thus, it is necessary to consider other determinants of bone strength. Therefore, we aimed to comprehensively evaluate the architectural changes of the bone that influence bone fracture strength, together with the different sensitivities of cortical and trabecular bone in response to ovariectomy (OVX). METHODS Bone morphology parameters were separately analyzed both in cortical and in trabecular bones, at distal-metaphysis, and mid-diaphysis of OVX rat femurs. Three-point bending test was performed at mid-diaphysis of the femurs. Correlation of OVX-induced changes of morphological parameters with breaking force was analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient. RESULTS OVX resulted in a decline in the bone volume of distal-metaphysis trabecular bone, but an increase in distal-metaphysis and mid-diaphysis cortical bone volume. Tissue mineral density (TMD) remained unchanged in both the trabecular and cortical bone of the distal metaphysis but decreased in cortical bone of the mid-diaphysis. The OVX significantly increased the breaking force at mid-diaphysis of the femurs. CONCLUSIONS OVX decreased the trabecular bone volume of the distal-metaphysis and increased the cortical bone volume of the distal-metaphysis and mid-diaphysis. Despite the reduction in TMD and increased cortical porosity, bone fracture strength increased in the mid-diaphysis after OVX. These results indicate that analyzing a single factor, i.e., BMD, is not sufficient to predict the absolute fracture risk of the bone, as OVX-induced bone response vary, depending on the bone type and location. Our results strongly support the necessity of analyzing bone micro-architecture and site specificity to clarify the true etiology of osteoporosis in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masaru Kaku
- Division of Bio-Prosthodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kosuke Nozaki
- Department of Biofunction Research, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takako Ida
- Division of Bio-Prosthodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Megumi Kitami
- Division of Bio-Prosthodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yujin Aoyagi
- Division of Bio-Prosthodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Katsumi Uoshima
- Division of Bio-Prosthodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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20
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Kustro T, Kiss T, Chernohorskyi D, Chepurnyi Y, Helyes Z, Kopchak A. Quantification of the mandibular defect healing by micro-CT morphometric analysis in rats. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2018; 46:2203-2213. [PMID: 30343871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2018.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The goal of this study was the evaluation of the bone tissue structural characteristics over the time course of mandibular defect healing using micro-CT technique, as well as determination of the inter-relationships between different micro-CT parameters used for assessment of the bone regeneration process and the patterns of their dynamic changes. MATERIALS AND METHODS The body and ramus of the mandible was exposed in 24 Wistar rats. A 2-mm full thickness bony defect was created. Animals were randomized into four groups, which were ended 3, 6, 12 and 24 weeks after operation. The mandible was excised and underwent micro-CT analysis. For statistical evaluation, the Mann-Whitney U test, polynomial or exponential regression and Spearman analysis were applied. RESULTS The absolute volume of the bone regenerate increased from 1.69 ± 0.53 mm3 (3 weeks) to 3.36 mm3 ± 0.56 (6 months), as well as percentage of bone volume, increased significantly from 12.5 ± 2.3% at the 3-week term to 26.4 ± 8.7% at the 3-month term or 23.1 ± 8.7% at the 6-month term. Structural (trabecular) thickness gradually increased from 0.13 ± 0.007 mm at the 3-week term to 0.3 ± 0.11 mm at the 6-month term. The structural model index was 0.79 ± 0.46 in the early phase after trauma and then decreased to negative values. CONCLUSION The bone regeneration process was characterized by a significant increase (p < 0.05) in bone volume, percentage of bone volume, structural thickness and bone mineral density, and a decrease in bone surface-to-volume ratio and volume of pore space from the 3-week term to the 6-month term. These changes can be mathematically described by nonlinear exponential regression models.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kustro
- Department of Stomatology, Bogomolets National Medical University, 13, T. Shevchenko blvd, 01601, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - T Kiss
- János Szentágothai Research Centre & Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pecs, Ifjúság útja 20, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
| | - D Chernohorskyi
- Department of Stomatology, Bogomolets National Medical University, 13, T. Shevchenko blvd, 01601, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Y Chepurnyi
- Department of Stomatology, Bogomolets National Medical University, 13, T. Shevchenko blvd, 01601, Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - Z Helyes
- János Szentágothai Research Centre & Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pecs, Ifjúság útja 20, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary; PharmInVivo Ltd., Szondi Gy. u. 7, H-7629, Pécs, Hungary
| | - A Kopchak
- Department of Stomatology, Bogomolets National Medical University, 13, T. Shevchenko blvd, 01601, Kyiv, Ukraine
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21
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Dereka X, Calciolari E, Donos N, Mardas N. Osseointegration in osteoporotic-like condition: A systematic review of preclinical studies. J Periodontal Res 2018; 53:933-940. [PMID: 29845622 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is one of the most common skeletal disorders affecting a significant percentage of people worldwide. Research data suggested that systemic diseases such as osteoporosis could act as risk factors for osseointegration, jeopardizing the healing process and thus the predictability of dental implant success on compromised patients. It is well accepted that preclinical studies in animal models reproducing the osteoporotic condition are one of the most important stages in the research of new biomaterials and therapeutic modalities. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate whether osteoporosis compromises dental implant osseointegration in experimental osteoporotic-like conditions. A 3-stage systematic literature research was conducted in MEDLINE via OVID and EMBASE up to and including March 2017. Experimental studies reporting on dental implant osseointegration on different osteoporotic animal models were assessed. The studies had to report on the percentage of bone-to-implant contact (%BIC) as the primary outcome. ARRIVE guidelines for reporting on animal research were applied to evaluate the methodological quality and risk of bias of the studies. Fifty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria and were assessed qualitatively. The most adopted animal model was the rat. A variability of %BIC values was observed, ranging from 30% to 99% and from 26% to 94% for the healthy and osteoporotic group, respectively. The great majority (47) of the included studies concluded that estrogen deficiency significantly affects BIC values, 9 studies stated that it was not possible to observe statistical differences in BIC between ovariectomized and healthy groups and 1 study did not provide a comparison between the healthy and osteoporotic group. Owing to the great heterogeneity in implant surface, study design, observation time-points, site of implant placement and reported outcomes, a meta-analysis could not be performed. An overall high risk of bias was observed, owing to the limited information on animal housing and husbandry, baseline characteristics and health status, ethical statement and allocation to the experimental groups provided. Although the available studies seem to suggest a lower osseointegration in osteoporotic-like conditions, no robust conclusions can be drawn due to the great heterogeneity and overall low quality of the available studies. Future studies with emphasis on minimizing the possible sources of bias and evaluating osseointegration of dental implants placed into jawbones instead of long bones are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Dereka
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology & Regenerative Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London, UK
- Centre for Clinical Oral Research, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London, UK
| | - E Calciolari
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology & Regenerative Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London, UK
- Centre for Clinical Oral Research, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London, UK
| | - N Donos
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology & Regenerative Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London, UK
- Centre for Clinical Oral Research, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London, UK
| | - N Mardas
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology & Regenerative Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London, UK
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22
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Mustafy T, Benoit A, Londono I, Moldovan F, Villemure I. Can repeated in vivo micro-CT irradiation during adolescence alter bone microstructure, histomorphometry and longitudinal growth in a rodent model? PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207323. [PMID: 30439999 PMCID: PMC6237372 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) can monitor longitudinal changes in bone mass and microstructure in small rodents but imposing high doses of radiation can damage the bone tissue. However, the effect of weekly micro-CT scanning during the adolescence on bone growth and architecture is still unknown. The right proximal tibia of male Sprague-Dawley rats randomized into three dose groups of 0.83, 1.65 and 2.47 Gy (n = 11/group) were CT scanned at weekly intervals from 4th to 12th week of age. The left tibia was used as a control and scanned only at the last time point. Bone marrow cells were investigated, bone growth rates and histomorphometric analyses were performed, and bone structural parameters were determined for both left and right tibiae. Radiation doses of 1.65 and 2.47 Gy affected bone marrow cells, heights of the proliferative and hypertrophic zones, and bone growth rates in the irradiated tibiae. For the 1.65 Gy group, irradiated tibiae resulted in lower BMD, Tb.Th, Tb.N and a higher Tb.Sp compared with the control tibiae. A decrease in BMD, BV/TV, Tb.Th, Tb.N and an increase in Tb.Sp were observed between the irradiated and control tibiae for the 2.47 Gy group. For cortical bone parameters, no effects were noticed for 1.65 and 0.83 Gy groups, but a lower Ct.Th was observed for 2.47 Gy group. Tibial bone development was adversely impacted and trabecular bone, together with bone marrow cells, were negatively affected by the 1.65 and 2.47 Gy radiation doses. Cortical bone microstructure was affected for 2.47 Gy group. However, bone development and morphometry were not affected for 0.83 Gy group. These findings can be used as a proof of concept for using the reasonable high-quality image acquisition under 0.83 Gy radiation doses during the adolescent period of rats without interfering with the bone development process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvir Mustafy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, École Polytechnique of Montréal, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Aurélie Benoit
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, École Polytechnique of Montréal, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Irène Londono
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Florina Moldovan
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Villemure
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, École Polytechnique of Montréal, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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23
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Milovanovic P, Stojanovic M, Antonijevic D, Cirovic A, Radenkovic M, Djuric M. "Dangerous duo": Chronic nicotine exposure intensifies diabetes mellitus-related deterioration in bone microstructure - An experimental study in rats. Life Sci 2018; 212:102-108. [PMID: 30266406 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Bony complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) are still insufficiently understood. Our aims were to analyze the individual and combined effects of chronic hyperglycemia and nicotine exposure on the femoral trabecular and cortical microarchitecture on a rat experimental model. MAIN METHODS The micro-computed tomography based bone microstructural evaluation was performed on male Wistar rats divided into four groups: control (n = 7), experimentally-induced DM (n = 8), chronically exposed to nicotine (n = 9) and the DM group exposed chronically to nicotine (n = 9). KEY FINDINGS Chronic hyperglycemia caused mild trabecular deterioration; yet, the combination of hyperglycemia and nicotine exposure showed more deleterious effects on the trabecular bone. Namely, the DM + nicotine group had significantly lower bone volume fraction, fewer and more rod-like shaped trabeculae, along with higher trabecular separation and lower connectivity than the control group (p < 0.05). Nicotine alone did not show any significant deterioration compared to the control group. DM and DM + nicotine groups had lower cortical porosity than control and nicotine groups (p < 0.05). Cortical thickness did not show any significant intergroup differences, whereas bone perimeter and the mean polar moment of inertia were reduced in DM + nicotine group. SIGNIFICANCE Mild effects of chronic hyperglycemia on bone structure were accentuated by the chronic nicotine exposure, although nicotine alone did not cause any significant bone changes. That suggests a synergistic effect of hyperglycemia and nicotine on bone deterioration and increased propensity to fracture. Indeed, better understanding of risk factors driving bone structural deterioration is a precondition to limit the complications associated with DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar Milovanovic
- Laboratory for Anthropology and Skeletal Biology, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 4/2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko Stojanovic
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Djordje Antonijevic
- Laboratory for Anthropology and Skeletal Biology, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 4/2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Cirovic
- Laboratory for Anthropology and Skeletal Biology, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 4/2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miroslav Radenkovic
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Djuric
- Laboratory for Anthropology and Skeletal Biology, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 4/2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
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24
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Ida T, Kaku M, Kitami M, Terajima M, Rosales Rocabado JM, Akiba Y, Nagasawa M, Yamauchi M, Uoshima K. Extracellular matrix with defective collagen cross-linking affects the differentiation of bone cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204306. [PMID: 30252876 PMCID: PMC6155528 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrillar type I collagen, the predominant organic component in bone, is stabilized by lysyl oxidase (LOX)-initiated covalent intermolecular cross-linking, an important determinant of bone quality. However, the impact of collagen cross-linking on the activity of bone cells and subsequent tissue remodeling is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of collagen cross-linking on bone cellular activities employing a loss-of-function approach, using a potent LOX inhibitor, β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN). Osteoblastic cells (MC3T3-E1) were cultured for 2 weeks in the presence of 0–2 mM BAPN to obtain low cross-linked collagen matrices. The addition of BAPN to the cultures diminished collagen cross-links in a dose-dependent manner and, at 1 mM level, none of the major cross-links were detected without affecting collagen production. After the removal of cellular components from these cultures, MC3T3-E1, osteoclasts (RAW264.7), or mouse primary bone marrow-derived stromal cells (BMSCs) were seeded. MC3T3-E1 cells grown on low cross-link matrices showed increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. The number of multinucleate tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cells increased in RAW264.7 cells. Initial adhesion, proliferation, and ALP activity of BMSCs also increased. In the animal experiments, 4-week-old C57BL/6 mice were fed with BAPN-containing diet for 8 weeks. At this point, biochemical analysis of bone demonstrated that collagen cross-links decreased without affecting collagen content. Then, the diet was changed to a control diet to minimize the direct effect of BAPN. At 2 and 4 weeks after the change, histological samples were prepared. Histological examination of femur samples at 4 weeks showed a significant increase in the number of bone surface osteoblasts, while the bone volume and surface osteoclast numbers were not significantly affected. These results clearly demonstrated that the extent of collagen cross-linking of bone matrix affected the differentiation of bone cells, underscoring the importance of collagen cross-linking in the regulation of cell behaviors and tissue remodeling in bone. Characterization of collagen cross-linking in bone may be beneficial to obtain insight into not only bone mechanical property, but also bone cellular activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Ida
- Division of Bio-Prosthodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masaru Kaku
- Division of Bio-Prosthodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Megumi Kitami
- Division of Bio-Prosthodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masahiko Terajima
- North Carolina Oral Health Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | | | - Yosuke Akiba
- Division of Bio-Prosthodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masako Nagasawa
- Division of Bio-Prosthodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Yamauchi
- North Carolina Oral Health Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Katsumi Uoshima
- Division of Bio-Prosthodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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Zhou S, Wang G, Qiao L, Ge Q, Chen D, Xu Z, Shi D, Dai J, Qin J, Teng H, Jiang Q. Age-dependent variations of cancellous bone in response to ovariectomy in C57BL/6J mice. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:3623-3632. [PMID: 29545892 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The ovariectomized (OVX) mouse model has been widely accepted to be suitable for the study of postmenopausal osteoporosis. However, whether C57BL/6J mice, a commonly used genetic background mouse strain, is an appropriate model for postmenopausal osteoporosis remains controversial. The present study investigated the effect of the OVX model on alterations in bone density and microarchitecture in C57BL/6J female mice of different ages. C57BL/6J mice were divided into 8-, 12- and 16-week-old groups (OVX8, OVX12 and OVX16) from the beginning of OVX. At 8 weeks post-surgery, the mice were anesthetized and micro-computed tomography was used to analyze the bone density and microarchitecture. The results revealed that OVX-induced loss of cancellous bone was greatest in OVX8, moderate in OVX12, and only a weak bone loss was observed in the OVX16 group when compared with the SHAM16 control group. In addition, the effect of genetic backgrounds in response to the OVX model were examined. Several other strains of mice, including inbred (BALB/c) and outbred (ICR and Kunming), were used in the present study, all of which were subjected to OVX at 8 weeks of age. The present findings revealed that the highest rate of bone loss was detected in C57BL/6J female mice. In addition, treatment with estrogen (17β-estradiol, 30 µg/kg five times per week) led to a significant increase in bone density in C57BL/6J mice compared with the other strains of mice. Therefore, these results may provide novel insights into the age- and strain-associated effect of OVX on regulating turnover of bone in female mice. The present findings also suggest 8-week-old C57BL/6J mice as an animal model for postmenopausal osteoporosis and preclinical testing of potential therapies for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhou
- The Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Joint Disease, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Guanghu Wang
- The Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Joint Disease, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Liang Qiao
- The Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Joint Disease, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Qiting Ge
- Joint Research Center for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center (MARC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210061, P.R. China
| | - Dongyang Chen
- The Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Joint Disease, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Zhihong Xu
- The Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Joint Disease, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Dongquan Shi
- The Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Joint Disease, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Jin Dai
- The Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Joint Disease, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Jinzhong Qin
- Joint Research Center for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center (MARC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210061, P.R. China
| | - Huajian Teng
- The Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Joint Disease, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China.,Joint Research Center for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center (MARC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210061, P.R. China
| | - Qing Jiang
- The Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Joint Disease, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China.,Joint Research Center for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center (MARC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210061, P.R. China
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26
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Shah FA, Stoica A, Cardemil C, Palmquist A. Multiscale characterization of cortical bone composition, microstructure, and nanomechanical properties in experimentally induced osteoporosis. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 106:997-1007. [PMID: 29143443 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cortical bone plays a vital role in determining overall bone strength. We investigate the structural, compositional, and nanomechanical properties of cortical bone following ovariectomy (OVX) of 12-week-old Sprague Dawley rats, since this animal model is frequently employed to evaluate the performance of implantable biomaterials in compromised bone healing conditions. Morphological parameters and material properties of bone in the geometrical center of the femoral cortex were investigated four and eight weeks post-OVX and in unoperated controls (Ctrl), using X-ray micro-computed tomography, backscattered electron scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and nanoindentation. The OVX animals showed increase in body weight, diminished bone mineral density, increased intracortical porosity, but increased bone mass through periosteal apposition (e.g., increases in periosteal perimeter, cortical cross-sectional thickness, and cross-sectional area). However, osteocyte densities, osteocyte lacunar dimensions, and the nanomechanical behavior on the single mineralized collagen fibril level remained unaffected. Our correlative multiscale investigation provides structural, chemical, and nanomechanical evidence substantiating earlier reports suggesting that rats ovariectomized at 12 weeks undergo simultaneous bone loss and growth, resulting in the effects of OVX being less obvious. Periosteal apposition contradicts the conventional view of bone loss in osteoporosis but appears advantageous for the greater functional demand imposed on the skeleton by increased body weight and fragility induced by increased intracortical porosity. Through a variety of morphological changes, it is likely that 12-week-old rats are able to adapt to OVX-related microstructural and compositional alterations. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 997-1007, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furqan A Shah
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.,BIOMATCELL VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Adrian Stoica
- Plasma Technologies, CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Carina Cardemil
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.,BIOMATCELL VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Göteborg, Sweden.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anders Palmquist
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.,BIOMATCELL VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Göteborg, Sweden
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Longo AB, Sacco SM, Ward WE. Proper Positioning and Restraint of a Rat Hind Limb for Focused High Resolution Imaging of Bone Micro-architecture Using In Vivo Micro-computed Tomography. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 29286365 PMCID: PMC5755470 DOI: 10.3791/56346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of in vivo micro-computed tomography (µCT) is a powerful tool which involves the non-destructive imaging of internal structures at high resolutions in live animal models. This allows for repeated imaging of the same rodent over time. This feature not only reduces the total number of rodents required in an experimental design and thereby reduces the inter-subject variation that can arise, but also allows researchers to assess longitudinal or life-long responses to an intervention. To acquire high quality images that can be processed and analyzed to more accurately quantify outcomes of bone micro-architecture, users of in vivo µCT scanners must properly anesthetize the rat, and position and restrain the hind limb. To do this, it is imperative that the rat be anesthetized to a level of complete relaxation, and that pedal reflexes are lost. These guidelines may be modified for each individual rat, as the rate of isoflurane metabolism can vary depending on strain and body size. Proper technique for in vivo µCT image acquisition enables accurate and consistent measurement of bone micro-architecture within and across studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda B Longo
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University
| | - Sandra M Sacco
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University
| | - Wendy E Ward
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University; Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University;
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Heiss C, Kern S, Malhan D, Böcker W, Engelhardt M, Daghma DES, Stoetzel S, Schmitt J, Ivo M, Kauschke V, Lips KS, Tushtev K, Rezwan K, El Khassawna T. A New Clinically Relevant T-Score Standard to Interpret Bone Status in a Sheep Model. Med Sci Monit Basic Res 2017; 23:326-335. [PMID: 28966340 PMCID: PMC5637575 DOI: 10.12659/msmbr.905561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoporosis is diagnosed by bone loss using a radiological parameter called T-score. Preclinical studies use DXA to evaluate bone status were the T-score is referenced on bone mineral density (BMD) values of the same animals before treatment. Clinically, the reference BMD represents values of an independent group of healthy patients around 30 years old. The present study established a clinically similar T-score standard to diagnose osteoporosis in a sheep model. Material/Methods We used 31 female merino land sheep (average 5.5 years old) to study osteoporosis. The following groups were compared using DXA measurement: 1) control; 2) ovariectomized (OVX); 3) OVX combined with a deficient diet (OVXD); and 4) OVXD combined with methylprednisolone administration (OVXDS). Further, an independent group of 32 healthy sheep (4–6 years old) were measured as an independent baseline. BMD was measured at 0 months, 3 months, and 8 months after treatment. Results The same significance pattern between the treated groups and either baseline groups was seen. However, using an independent baseline changed the “clinical” interpretation of the data from an osteoporotic bone status (T-score <−2.5) after 3 months of OXDS treatment into an osteopenic bone status (T-score <−1.5 to −2.4). Conclusions Using an independent baseline enhanced the statistical significance and showed the clinical relevance. Furthermore, an independent baseline is a reliable alternative to use of a new control group for future experiments and thus reduces the number of animals needed by eliminating the need for a control and corresponding to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Heiss
- Department of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kern
- Department of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Deeksha Malhan
- Department of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Böcker
- Department of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.,Department of General, Trauma, and Reconstructive Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Engelhardt
- Department of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.,Department of Trauma, Hand, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Giessen, Germany
| | - Diaa Eldin S Daghma
- Department of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sabine Stoetzel
- Department of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jakob Schmitt
- Department of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Matthias Ivo
- Department of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Vivien Kauschke
- Department of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Katrin S Lips
- Department of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Kamen Tushtev
- Advanced Ceramics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Kurosch Rezwan
- Advanced Ceramics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Thaqif El Khassawna
- Department of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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29
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Longo AB, Salmon PL, Ward WE. Comparison of ex vivo and in vivo micro-computed tomography of rat tibia at different scanning settings. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:1690-1698. [PMID: 27626898 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The parameters of a micro-computed tomography (μCT) scan, including whether a bone is imaged in vivo or ex vivo, determine the quality of the resulting image. In turn, this impacts the accuracy of the trabecular and cortical outcomes. The absolute impact of μCT scanning at different voxel sizes and whether the sample is imaged in vivo or ex vivo on the morphological outcomes of the proximal tibia in the rat is unknown. The right proximal tibia of 6-month-old Sham-control and ovariectomized (OVX) rats (n = 8/group) was scanned using μCT (SkyScan 1176, Bruker, Kontich, Belgium) using three sets of parameters (9 μm ex vivo, 18 μm ex vivo, 18 μm in vivo) to compare the trabecular and cortical outcomes. Regardless of scan protocols, differences between Sham and OVX groups were observed as expected. At a voxel size of 18 μm, scanning in vivo or ex vivo had no effect on any of the outcomes measured. However, compared to a 9 μm voxel size scan, imaging at 18 μm resulted in significant underestimation of the connectivity density (p < 0.05) of the trabecular bone and a significant overestimation (p < 0.05) of the trabecular indices (trabecular thickness, degree of anisotropy) and of the cortical indices (cortical bone area, cortical area fraction, cortical thickness) in both Sham and OVX rats. These results suggest the benefit to scanning the proximal tibia of rats at a voxel size as low as 9 μm, although considerations must be made for the increased acquisition time, anesthesia, animal welfare, and radiation exposure associated with lower voxel size in vivo scanning. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:1690-1698, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda B Longo
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | | | - Wendy E Ward
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
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30
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Longo AB, Sullivan PJ, Peters SJ, LeBlanc PJ, Wohl GR, Ward WE. Lifelong intake of flaxseed or menhaden oil to provide varying n-6 to n-3 PUFA ratios modulate bone microarchitecture during growth, but not after OVX in Sprague-Dawley rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28133904 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Skeletal health is a lifelong process impacted by environmental factors, including nutrient intake. The n-3 source and PUFA ratio affect bone health in growing rats, or following ovariectomy (OVX), but no study has investigated the longitudinal effect of PUFA-supplementation throughout these periods of bone development. METHODS AND RESULTS One-month-old, Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 98) were randomized to receive one of four diets from 1 through 6 months of age. Diets were modified from AIN-93G to contain a varying amount and source of n-3 (flaxseed versus menhaden oil) to provide an n-6 to n-3 ratio of 10:1 or 5:1. At 3 (prior to SHAM or OVX) and 6 months of age, bone microarchitecture of the tibia was quantified using in vivo micro-computed tomography (SkyScan 1176, Bruker microCT). Providing 5:1 (flaxseed) resulted in lower trabecular thickness and medullary area and greater cortical area fraction during growth compared to diets with a 10:1 PUFA ratio, but many of these differences were not apparent following OVX. CONCLUSION PUFA-supplementation at levels attainable in human diet modulates some bone structure outcomes during periods of growth, but is not an adequate strategy for the prevention of OVX-induced bone loss in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda B Longo
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ont, Canada
| | - Philip J Sullivan
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ont, Canada
| | - Sandra J Peters
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ont, Canada
| | - Paul J LeBlanc
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ont, Canada
| | - Gregory R Wohl
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont, Canada
| | - Wendy E Ward
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ont, Canada.,Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ont, Canada
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Effect of the Lipoxygenase Inhibitor Baicalein on Muscles in Ovariectomized Rats. J Nutr Metab 2016; 2016:3703216. [PMID: 28050282 PMCID: PMC5165164 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3703216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, a loss of muscle mass accompanying osteoporosis, leads to falls and fall-related injuries. Baicalein, as a phytochemical agent, has an antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effect in muscle. In this study, sixty-one female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups: four groups were ovariectomized (OVX) and one control group was nonovariectomized (NON-OVX). Eight weeks after ovariectomy, three disparate concentrations (1 mg/kg body weight (BW), 10 mg/kg BW, and 100 mg/kg BW) of baicalein were applied subcutaneously daily in three OVX groups. Mm. soleus, gastrocnemius, and longissimus were extracted; their diameter, area, relation to body, and muscle weights as well as number of capillaries per fibre were recorded. In Mm. soleus and gastrocnemius, the baicalein effect (increasing number of capillaries per fibre) was proportional to the dose applied. The fibre diameters and area under baicalein treatment were significantly greater compared to OVX and NON-OVX groups. In M. longissimus, we observed a shift to type IIa fibres. Serum creatine kinase levels were significantly lower in highest baicalein concentration group. We conclude that baicalein can stimulate angiogenesis, though not fibre type-specific, in skeletal muscle and reduce the estrogen-related loss of fibre diameter and area in the skeletal muscle in rats. Therefore, a protective effect of baicalein on muscle cells can be assumed.
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32
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Longo AB, Sacco SM, Salmon PL, Ward WE. Longitudinal Use of Micro-computed Tomography Does Not Alter Microarchitecture of the Proximal Tibia in Sham or Ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley Rats. Calcif Tissue Int 2016; 98:631-41. [PMID: 26860853 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-016-0113-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In vivo micro-computed tomography (μCT) provides the ability to measure longitudinal changes to tibia microarchitecture, but the effect of this radiation is not well understood. The right proximal tibia of Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 12/group) randomized to Sham-control (Sham) or ovariectomy (OVX) surgery at 12 weeks of age was scanned using μCT at 13, 17, 21, and 25 weeks of age, at a resolution of 18 μm and a radiation dose of 603 mGy. The left proximal tibia was scanned only at 25 weeks of age to serve as an internal non-irradiated control. Repeated irradiation did not affect tibia microarchitecture in Sham or OVX groups, although there was an increase in cortical eccentricity (P < 0.05). All trabecular outcomes and cortical BMD were different (P < 0.05) between groups after only 1 week post-surgery and differences persisted to study endpoint. Characteristic changes to trabecular bone were observed in OVX rats over time. Interactions of time and hormone status were found for cortical BMD (P < 0.001), Ps. Pm., and Ec. Pm. (P < 0.05). Repeated irradiation of the tibia at 13, 17, 21, and 25 weeks does not cause adverse effects to microarchitecture, regardless of hormone status. This radiation dose can be applied over a typical 3-month study period to comprehensively understand how an intervention alters tibia microarchitecture without confounding effects of radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda B Longo
- Center for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Sandra M Sacco
- Center for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | | | - Wendy E Ward
- Center for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada.
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada.
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Cortical Bone Morphological and Trabecular Bone Microarchitectural Changes in the Mandible and Femoral Neck of Ovariectomized Rats. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154367. [PMID: 27127909 PMCID: PMC4851407 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study used microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) to evaluate the effects of ovariectomy on the trabecular bone microarchitecture and cortical bone morphology in the femoral neck and mandible of female rats. Materials and Methods Twelve female Wister rats were divided into two groups: the control and ovariectomized groups. The rats in the ovariectomized group received ovariectomy at 8 weeks of age; all the rats were sacrificed at 20 weeks of age, and their mandibles and femurs were removed and scanned using micro-CT. Four microstructural trabecular bone parameters were measured for the region below the first mandibular molar and the femoral neck region: bone volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular thickness (TbTh), trabecular separation (TbSp), and trabecular number (TbN). In addition, four cortical bone parameters were measured for the femoral neck region: total cross-sectional area (TtAr), cortical area (CtAr), cortical bone area fraction (CtAr/TtAr), and cortical thickness (CtTh). The CtTh at the masseteric ridge was used to assess the cortical bone morphology in the mandible. The trabecular bone microarchitecture and cortical bone morphology in the femoral necks and mandibles of the control group were compared with those of the ovariectomized group. Furthermore, Spearman’s correlation (rs) was conducted to analyze the correlation between the osteoporosis conditions of the mandible and femoral neck. Results Regarding the trabecular bone microarchitectural parameters, the BV/TV of the trabecular bone microarchitecture in the femoral necks of the control group (61.199±11.288%, median ± interquartile range) was significantly greater than that of the ovariectomized group (40.329±5.153%). Similarly, the BV/TV of the trabecular bone microarchitecture in the mandibles of the control group (51.704±6.253%) was significantly greater than that of the ovariectomized group (38.486±9.111%). Furthermore, the TbSp of the femoral necks in the ovariectomized group (0.185±0.066 mm) was significantly greater than that in the control group (0.130±0.026mm). Similarly, the TbSp of the mandibles in the ovariectomized group (0.322±0.047mm) was significantly greater than that in the control group (0.285±0.041mm). However, the TbTh and TbN trends for the mandibles and femoral necks were inconsistent between the control and ovariectomized groups. Regarding the cortical bone morphology parameters, the TtAr of the femoral necks in the ovariectomized group was significantly smaller than that in the control group. There was no significant difference in the TtAr, CtAr, or CtTh of the femoral necks between the control and ovariectomized groups, and no significant difference in the CtTh of the mandibles between the control and ovariectomized groups. Moreover, the BV/TV and TbSp of the mandibles were highly correlated with those of the femurs (rs = 0.874 and rs = 0.755 for BV/TV and TbSp, respectively). Nevertheless, the TbTh, TbN, and CtTh of the mandibles were not correlated with those of the femoral necks. Conclusion After the rats were ovariectomized, osteoporosis of the trabecular bone microarchitecture occurred in their femurs and mandibles; however, ovariectomy did not influence the cortical bone morphology. In addition, the parametric values of the trabecular bone microarchitecture in the femoral necks were highly correlated with those of the trabecular bone microarchitecture in the mandibles.
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Chen L, Yang L, Yao M, Cui XJ, Xue CC, Wang YJ, Shu B. Biomechanical Characteristics of Osteoporotic Fracture Healing in Ovariectomized Rats: A Systematic Review. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153120. [PMID: 27055104 PMCID: PMC4824477 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomechanical tests are widely used in animal studies on osteoporotic fracture healing. However, the biomechanical recovery process is still unknown, leading to difficulty in choosing time points for biomechanical tests and in correctly assessing osteoporotic fracture healing. To determine the biomechanical recovery process during osteoporotic fracture healing, studies on osteoporotic femur fracture healing with biomechanical tests in ovariectomized rat (OVX) models were collected from PUBMED, EMBASE, and Chinese databases. Quadratic curves of fracture healing time and maximum load were fitted with data from the analyzed studies. In the fitted curve for normal fractures, the predicted maximum load was 145.56 N, and the fracture healing time was 88.0 d. In the fitted curve for osteoporotic fractures, the predicted maximum load was 122.30 N, and the fracture healing time was 95.2 d. The maximum load of fractured femurs in OVX rats was also lower than that in sham rats at day 84 post-fracture (D84 PF). The fracture healing time was prolonged and maximum load at D84 PF decreased in OVX rats with closed fractures. The maximum load of Wister rats was higher than that of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, but the fracture healing time of SD and Wister rats was similar. Osteoporotic fracture healing was delayed in rats that were < = 12 weeks old when ovariectomized, and at D84 PF, the maximum load of rats < = 12 weeks old at ovariectomy was lower than that of rats >12 weeks old at ovariectomy. There was no significant difference in maximum load at D84 PF between rats with an osteoporosis modeling time <12 weeks and > = 12 weeks. In conclusion, fracture healing was delayed and biomechanical property decreased by osteoporosis. Time points around D95.2 PF should be considered for biomechanical tests of osteoporotic femur fracture healing in OVX rat models. Osteoporotic fracture healing in OVX rats was affected by the fracture type but not by the strain of the rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Spine Research Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Long Yang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Spine Research Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Yao
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Spine Research Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Jun Cui
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Spine Research Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun-Chun Xue
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Spine Research Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Jun Wang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Spine Research Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Shu
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Spine Research Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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Mardas N, Busetti J, de Figueiredo JAP, Mezzomo LA, Scarparo RK, Donos N. Guided bone regeneration in osteoporotic conditions following treatment with zoledronic acid. Clin Oral Implants Res 2016; 28:362-371. [PMID: 26920844 DOI: 10.1111/clr.12810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate new bone formation in calvarial critical size defects (CSD) under dense polytetrafluoroethylene (d-PTFE), microporous membranes for guided bone regeneration (GBR) in healthy, osteoporotic and osteoporotic treated with zoledronic acid (ZA) rats. METHODS Forty-eight, female, 6-month old Wistar rats were included in the study. Osteoporosis was induced by ovariectomy (OVX) and calcium-deficient diet in 32 rats. Sixteen OVX rats were treated with a single dose of Zolendronic Acid (ZA) (OZ), while 16 OVX rats received no treatment (O). The remaining 16 rats were sham-operated and used as healthy controls (C). At 6 weeks following osteoporosis induction, two 5 mm CSD were created in the parietal bones and one of them was treated with a double d-PTFE membrane. The healing periods were 30 and 60 days. New bone formation (NB) was assessed by qualitative and quantitative histological analysis. RESULTS After 30 days of healing, NB (mean% (95% CI)) was 78.9% (21), 93.1% (9.3) and 84.2% (26.9) in the membrane treated defects and 18.8% (24.1), 27.1% (7.9) and 31% (38.8) in the untreated defects of group O, OZ and C, respectively. After 60 days of healing, NB was 78.3% (14.4), 95.8% (9) and 90.1% (26.1) in the membrane treated defects and 10.8% (17.4), 51.6% (39.4) and 15.7% (12.1) in the untreated defects of group O, OZ and C, respectively. Hierarchical analysis of variance showed that treatment with ZA (P = 0.001) and the use of membrane (P = 0.000) significantly increased new bone formation while presence of osteoporosis may have reduced new bone formation (P = 0.028). CONCLUSION d-PTFE membranes for GBR promote bone healing in osteoporotic and healthy rats. Treatment with ZA may improve new bone formation in osteoporotic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos Mardas
- Centre for Adult Oral Health, Institute of Dentistry, Bart's & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University, London, UK
| | - Juliano Busetti
- Dental School, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Luis André Mezzomo
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Nikolaos Donos
- Clinical Oral Research Centre, Institute of Dentistry, Bart's & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University, London, UK
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Taatjes DJ, Roth J. The Histochemistry and Cell Biology omnium-gatherum: the year 2015 in review. Histochem Cell Biol 2016; 145:239-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-016-1417-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Komatsu DE, Hadjiargyrou M, Udin SMZ, Trasolini NA, Pentyala S. Identification and Characterization of a Synthetic Osteogenic Peptide. Calcif Tissue Int 2015; 97:611-23. [PMID: 26319675 PMCID: PMC4628865 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-015-0055-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is the most common metabolic bone disorder and its management represents a tremendous public health encumbrance. While several classes of therapeutics have been approved to treat this disease, all are associated with significant adverse effects. An algorithm was developed and utilized to discover potential bioactive peptides, which led to the identification of an osteogenic peptide that mapped to the C-terminal region of the calcitonin receptor and has been named calcitonin receptor fragment peptide (CRFP). In vitro treatment of human mesenchymal stem cells with CRFP resulted in dose-specific effects on both proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation. Similarly, in vitro treatment of rat RCJ3.1C5.18 cells led to dose- and species-specific effects on proliferation. A rat ovariectomy (OVX) model was used to assess the potential efficacy of CRFP in treating osteoporosis. MicroCT analysis of distal femoral samples showed that OVX rats treated with CRFP were significantly protected from losses of 55 % in trabecular bone volume fraction (BVF), 42 % in connectivity density, and 18 % in trabecular thickness in comparison to vehicle-treated controls. MicroCT analyses of vertebrae revealed CRFP to significantly prevent a 25 % reduction in BVF. MicroCT evaluation of femoral and vertebral cortical bone found a significant reduction of 2 % in vertebral bone mineral density. In summary, our in vitro studies indicate that CRFP is both bioactive and osteogenic and our in vivo studies indicate that CRFP is skeletally bioactive. These promising data indicate that further in vitro and in vivo evaluation of CRFP as a new treatment for osteoporosis is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Komatsu
- Department of Orthopaedics, HSC-T18, Stony Brook University, Room 085, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8181, USA.
| | - Michael Hadjiargyrou
- Department of Life Sciences, Theobald Science Center, New York Institute of Technology, Room 420, Old Westbury, NY, 11568-8000, USA
| | - Sardar M Z Udin
- Department of Orthopaedics, HSC-T18, Stony Brook University, Room 085, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8181, USA
| | - Nicholas A Trasolini
- School of Medicine, HSC-T4, Stony Brook University, Room 147, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8434, USA
| | - Srinivas Pentyala
- Department of Anesthesiology, HSC-L4, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Room 85, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8480, USA.
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El Khassawna T, Böcker W, Brodsky K, Weisweiler D, Govindarajan P, Kampschulte M, Thormann U, Henss A, Rohnke M, Bauer N, Müller R, Deutsch A, Ignatius A, Dürselen L, Langheinrich A, Lips KS, Schnettler R, Heiss C. Impaired extracellular matrix structure resulting from malnutrition in ovariectomized mature rats. Histochem Cell Biol 2015. [PMID: 26210855 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-015-1356-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone loss is a symptom related to disease and age, which reflects on bone cells and ECM. Discrepant regulation affects cell proliferation and ECM localization. Rat model of osteoporosis (OVX) was investigated against control rats (Sham) at young and old ages. Biophysical, histological and molecular techniques were implemented to examine the underlying cellular and extracellular matrix changes and to assess the mechanisms contributing to bone loss in the context of aging and the widely used osteoporotic models in rats. Bone loss exhibited a compromised function of bone cells and infiltration of adipocytes into bone marrow. However, the expression of genes regulating collagen catabolic process and adipogenesis was chronologically shifted in diseased bone in comparison with aged bone. The data showed the involvement of Wnt signaling inhibition in adipogenesis and bone loss due to over-expression of SOST in both diseased and aged bone. Further, in the OVX animals, an integrin-mediated ERK activation indicated the role of MAPK in osteoblastogenesis and adipogenesis. The increased PTH levels due to calcium and estrogen deficiency activated osteoblastogenesis. Thusly, RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis was initiated. Interestingly, the data show the role of MEPE regulating osteoclast-mediated resorption at late stages in osteoporotic bone. The interplay between ECM and bone cells change tissue microstructure and properties. The involvement of Wnt and MAPK pathways in activating cell proliferation has intriguing similarities to oncogenesis and myeloma. The study indicates the importance of targeting both pathways simultaneously to remedy metabolic bone diseases and age-related bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaqif El Khassawna
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Böcker
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany. .,Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Rudolf-Buchheim-Strasse 7, 35385, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Katharina Brodsky
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
| | - David Weisweiler
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Rudolf-Buchheim-Strasse 7, 35385, Giessen, Germany.
| | | | - Marian Kampschulte
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Thormann
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Rudolf-Buchheim-Strasse 7, 35385, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Anja Henss
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Marcus Rohnke
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Natali Bauer
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Clinical Pathology and Clinical Pathophysiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Robert Müller
- Center for Information Services and High Performance Computing, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Andreas Deutsch
- Center for Information Services and High Performance Computing, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Centre of Musculoskeletal Research, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Lutz Dürselen
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Centre of Musculoskeletal Research, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Alexander Langheinrich
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, BG Trauma Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Katrin S Lips
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Reinhard Schnettler
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany. .,Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Rudolf-Buchheim-Strasse 7, 35385, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Christian Heiss
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany. .,Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Rudolf-Buchheim-Strasse 7, 35385, Giessen, Germany.
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Collagen type I coating stimulates bone regeneration and osteointegration of titanium implants in the osteopenic rat. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00264-015-2926-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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van Houdt CIA, Tim CR, Crovace MC, Zanotto ED, Peitl O, Ulrich DJO, Jansen JA, Parizotto NA, Renno AC, van den Beucken JJJP. Bone regeneration and gene expression in bone defects under healthy and osteoporotic bone conditions using two commercially available bone graft substitutes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 10:035003. [PMID: 25953955 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/10/3/035003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Biosilicate(®) and Bio-Oss(®) are two commercially available bone substitutes, however, little is known regarding their efficacy in osteoporotic conditions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the osteogenic properties of both materials, at tissue and molecular level. Thirty-six Wistar rats were submitted to ovariectomy (OVX) for inducing osteoporotic conditions and sham surgery (SHAM) as a control. Bone defects were created in both femurs, which were filled with Biosilicate(®) or Bio-Oss(®), and empty defects were used as control. For the healthy condition both Biosilicate(®) and Bio-Oss(®) did not improve bone formation after 4 weeks. Histomorphometric evaluation of osteoporotic bone defects with bone substitutes showed more bone formation, significant for Bio-Oss(®). Molecular biological evaluation was performed by gene-expression analysis (Runx-2, ALP, OC, OPG, RANKL). The relative gene expression was increased with Biosilicate(®) for all genes in OVX rats and for Runx-2, ALP, OC and RANKL in SHAM rats. In contrast, with Bio-Oss(®), the relative gene expression of OVX rats was similar for all three groups. For SHAM rats it was increased for Runx-2, ALP, OC and RANKL. Since both materials improved bone regeneration in osteoporotic conditions, our results suggest that bone defects in osteoporotic conditions can be efficiently treated with these two bone substitutes.
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Bauer NB, Khassawna TE, Goldmann F, Stirn M, Ledieu D, Schlewitz G, Govindarajan P, Zahner D, Weisweiler D, Schliefke N, Böcker W, Schnettler R, Heiss C, Moritz A. Characterization of bone turnover and energy metabolism in a rat model of primary and secondary osteoporosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 67:287-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Cankaya D, Tabak Y, Ozturk AM, Gunay MC. Perioperative alendronate, risedronate, calcitonin and indomethacin treatment alters femoral stem fixation and periprosthetic bone mineral density in ovariectomized rats. J Orthop Sci 2015; 20:728-33. [PMID: 25804375 PMCID: PMC4512269 DOI: 10.1007/s00776-015-0717-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many factors affect implant stability and periprosthetic bone mineral density (BMD) following total joint arthroplasty. We asked whether perioperative alendronate, risedronate, calcitonin and indomethacine administration altered (1) femoral stem shear strength and periprosthetic bone mineral density BMD in ovariectomized rats and (2) whether there were differences in the effect of these drugs. METHODS Thirty overiectomized rats were divided into five groups and implanted with intramedullary mini-cortical screws in the femur. Four groups were treated with alendronate, risedronate, salmon calcitonin and indomethacin for 4 weeks preoperatively and 8 weeks postoperatively. RESULTS Although alendronate and risedronate increased the periprosthetic BMD more than calcitonin, they did not alter implant fixation compared to calcitonin. Indomethacin significantly decreased the BMD around the stem and implant stability compared to all other groups. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that perioperative treatment with bisphosphonates and calcitonin improved the BMD around the stems and implant stability. Although bisphosphonates increased the BMD more than calcitonin, there was no difference in implant stability. Indomethacin markedly decreased the periprosthetic BMD and implant stability. The main clinical significance of our study was the finding about the need to strictly avoid long-term use of high-dose nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs for patients who have major joint arthritis and a previous history of arthroplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Cankaya
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, 06100 Altindag, Ankara Turkey
| | - Yalcin Tabak
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, 06100 Altindag, Ankara Turkey
| | | | - Muhammed Cuneyd Gunay
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, 06100 Altindag, Ankara Turkey
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Ovariectomy-associated changes in interradicular septum and in tibia metaphysis in different observation periods in rats. Pathol Res Pract 2014; 211:125-9. [PMID: 25532670 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2014.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In order to standardize an experimental model to study the effects of absence of ovarian hormones in maxillary bones compared with long bones, the aim of this research was to analyze the influence of ovariectomy (OVX) on rat alveolar bone and tibiae, in different observation periods. Thirty-six female rats were ovariectomized or sham operated. After 60, 90 or 120 days, the animals were sacrificed and their hemimandibles, maxillae and tibiae were removed and routinely prepared for hematoxylin and eosin staining. The percentage of bone matrix area in bone septum in the first molar furcation region, and in tibial metaphysis was calculated, and data were submitted to statistical analysis (p<0.05). As regards the histomorphometrical analysis in jaw bones, there was no statistical difference between groups, while the effects of ovariectomy on tibiae were seen as early as 60 days. According to the methods used, there was no significant influence of absence of ovarian hormones on interradicular septum of mandibular or maxillary first molars in the periods studied, despite the reduction in bone matrix area in tibia metaphysis as early as 60 days.
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Taiani JT, Buie HR, Campbell GM, Manske SL, Krawetz RJ, Rancourt DE, Boyd SK, Matyas JR. Embryonic stem cell therapy improves bone quality in a model of impaired fracture healing in the mouse; tracked temporally using in vivo micro-CT. Bone 2014; 64:263-72. [PMID: 24780879 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, we used an estrogen-deficient mouse model of osteoporosis to test the efficacy of a cell-generated bone tissue construct for bone augmentation of an impaired healing fracture. A reduction in new bone formation at the defect site was observed in ovariectomized fractures compared to the control group using repeated measures in vivo micro-computed tomography (μCT) imaging over 4 weeks. A significant increase in the bone mineral density (BMD), trabecular bone volume ratio, and trabecular number, thickness and connectivity were associated with fracture repair in the control group, whereas the fractured bones of the ovariectomized mice exhibited a loss in all of these parameters (p<0.001). In a separate group, ovariectomized fractures were treated with murine embryonic stem (ES) cell-derived osteoblasts loaded in a three-dimensional collagen I gel and recovery of the bone at the defect site was observed. A significant increase in the trabecular bone volume ratio (p<0.001) and trabecular number (p<0.01) was observed by 4 weeks in the fractures treated with cell-loaded collagen matrix compared to those treated with collagen I alone. The stem cell-derived osteoblasts were identified at the fracture site at 4 weeks post-implantation through in situ hybridization histochemistry. Although this cell tracking method was effective, the formation of an ectopic cellular nodule adjacent to the knee joints of two mice suggested that alternative in vivo cell tracking methods should be employed in order to definitively assess migration of the implanted cells. To our knowledge, this study is the first of its kind to examine the efficacy of stem cell therapy for fracture repair in an osteoporosis-related fracture model in vivo. The findings presented provide novel insight into the use of stem cell therapies for bone injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Taiani
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada; Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - H R Buie
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada; Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - G M Campbell
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada; Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - S L Manske
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - R J Krawetz
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - D E Rancourt
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - S K Boyd
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada; Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - J R Matyas
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
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Kauschke V, Lips KS, Heiss C, Schnettler R. Expression of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors M3 and M5 in osteoporosis. Med Sci Monit 2014; 20:869-74. [PMID: 24866457 PMCID: PMC4049973 DOI: 10.12659/msm.890217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cholinergic signaling via muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) is known to influence various physiological functions. In bone, M3 mAChR and M5 mAChR were identified on the membrane of osteoblast-like cells. M3 mAChR seems to be particularly relevant for bone physiology, as signaling via this receptor was reported to increase bone formation and decrease bone resorption. Thus, in the present study we investigated the relative mRNA expression of M3 and M5 mAChR in bones of a rat osteoporosis model. Material/Methods Osteoporosis was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by bilateral ovariectomy and additional feeding of a diet deficient in calcium, vitamins C, D2, D3, and phosphorus, and free of soy and phytoestrogen. After a period of 3, 12, and 14 months, relative mRNA expression of M3 mAChR and M5 mAChR was analyzed in the 11th thoracic vertebra by real-time RT-PCR. Results Relative mRNA expression of M3 mAChR was significantly reduced in bones of osteoporotic rats compared to sham operated animals that served as controls. Further, M3 mAChR mRNA expression was significantly down-regulated when comparing 14-month osteoporotic rats to 3-month osteoporotic rats. Relative M5 mAChR mRNA was expressed to a lesser extent than M3 mAChR and did not show significant differences in mRNA expression level between the experimental groups. Conclusions M3 mAChR mRNA expression was reduced upon induction of osteoporosis and progression of disease was associated with further decrease of this receptor, indicating that M3 mAChR is involved in the development and regulation of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Kauschke
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Katrin Susanne Lips
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christian Heiss
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Giessen, Germany
| | - Reinhard Schnettler
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Giessen, Germany
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Li S, Liu B, Zhang L, Rong L. Amyloid beta peptide is elevated in osteoporotic bone tissues and enhances osteoclast function. Bone 2014; 61:164-75. [PMID: 24473375 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Epidemiological studies show that patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) have an increased risk of developing osteoporotic hip fracture. However, whether abnormal amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) deposition, one of the pathological hallmarks of AD, also occurs in osteoporosis and the relationship between Aβ and human osteoporosis remain unknown. This study addressed these issues. METHODS Forty-five female patients (osteoporosis 21, osteopenia 16 and normal 8) with osteoporotic/traumatic vertebral compression fractures were enrolled and Aβ42 and amyloid precursor protein (APP) levels assessed in the biopsy specimens of vertebral trabecular bone using immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining and semi-quantitative evaluation assays. Spearman rank correlation analysis was applied to explore the association between Aβ42/APP levels and the corresponding bone mineral density (BMD). Moreover, immunofluorescent assays and laser scanning confocal microscopy assays were used to examine the expression patterns of Aβ42/APP in patient bone tissues and osteocytes. Additionally, eight female patients with osteoporotic/traumatic femoral neck fractures, including two control patients were selected and Aβ42 and APP were identified in the femoral necks by RT-PCR and Western blotting (WB) assays. Next, a rat model of ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis was created and we evaluated Aβ42 and APP expression differences in the proximal tibia by IHC and RT-PCR and WB assays in comparison with a sham-operation group. Finally, the RAW264.7 cell line and human bone marrow monocyte (hBMMC) derived osteoclasts and human Aβ42 co-culture assays were performed to investigate the effect of Aβ42 on osteoclasts cell viability, number, differentiation and activation by the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, tartrate resistant acid phosphatase staining assay, RT-PCR assay measuring the lytic gene expression and hydroxyapatite resorption assay respectively. RESULTS The mRNA and protein expression levels of Aβ42 and APP were elevated remarkably in the osteoporotic bone tissues both from human and ovariectomized rats when compared with the age-/sex-matched controls. Moreover, the expression levels had a negative correlation with corresponding BMD in patients (RAβ42=-0.617, p<0.0001; RAPP=-0.531, p=0.0002). In addition, Aβ42 was located mainly in the membrane and cytoplasm of osteocytes and in the extracellular matrix, while APP was largely located in the membrane of the osteocytes. Finally, Aβ42 can potently enhance osteoclasts differentiation and activation but had no effect on osteoclasts cell viability or number (dose- and time-dependency did not exist and oligomerization of Aβ42 was not a prerequisite in the osteoclastogenesis assay). CONCLUSIONS Aβ is relevant to human osteoporosis and may have an important role in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangfu Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, TianHe Road 600, TianHe District, Guangzhou Guangdong, 510630, PR China.
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, TianHe Road 600, TianHe District, Guangzhou Guangdong, 510630, PR China.
| | - Liangming Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, TianHe Road 600, TianHe District, Guangzhou Guangdong, 510630, PR China.
| | - Limin Rong
- Department of Spine Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, TianHe Road 600, TianHe District, Guangzhou Guangdong, 510630, PR China.
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Liu XL, Li CL, Lu WW, Cai WX, Zheng LW. Skeletal site-specific response to ovariectomy in a rat model: change in bone density and microarchitecture. Clin Oral Implants Res 2014; 26:392-398. [DOI: 10.1111/clr.12360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Ling Liu
- Discipline of Oral Diagnosis and Polyclinics; Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR Hong Kong
| | - Chun Lei Li
- Discipline of Oral Diagnosis and Polyclinics; Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR Hong Kong
| | - Weijia William Lu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology; Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR Hong Kong
| | - Wei Xin Cai
- Discipline of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR Hong Kong
| | - Li Wu Zheng
- Discipline of Oral Diagnosis and Polyclinics; Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR Hong Kong
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Martín-Fernández M, Martínez E, Díaz-Curiel M, Guede D, Caeiro JR, De la Piedra C. Effects of PTH (1-84) on bone quality in a validated model of osteoporosis due to androgenic deprivation. Aging Male 2014; 17:42-50. [PMID: 23914846 DOI: 10.3109/13685538.2013.821697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) (1-84) in a model of male osteoporosis induced by orchidectomy in rats. METHODS Six-month-old Wistar rats were used as follows: SHAM (simulated orchidectomy), orchidectomized (ORX), ORX + PTH1 (ORX and treated with 10 µg/Kg/d of PTH 1-84) and ORX + PTH2 (ORX and treated with 50 µg/Kg/d of PTH 1-84) over 3 months, with treatment beginning three months after orchidectomy. RESULTS Orchidectomy resulted in a decreased of femoral and lumbar bone mineral density (BMD), a worsening of trabecular and cortical microarchitecture and a decrease in biomechanical properties. Both doses of PTH (1-84) partially (low dose) or totally (high dose) restored the ORX-induced changes. Serum C-telopeptide of type I collagen/5b isoenzyme of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (CTX/TRAP) resorption index increased after orchidectomy. Osteocalcin (bone Gla protein; BGP) levels were not affected by orchidectomy. PTH (1-84) treatment did not produce any changes in the levels of CTX/TRAP with respect to the ORX group. BGP levels increased with PTH treatment. CONCLUSION PTH (1-84) is able to restore the adverse effects of orchidectomy on bone as measured by BMD, microstructural and biomechanical properties and bone remodeling markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Martín-Fernández
- Department of Biochemical Research, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz , Madrid , Spain
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Kim JH, Kim JS. Effects of Lycii Fructus and Lycii Folium Extracts on Osteoporosis in Ovariectomized Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.3746/jkfn.2014.43.1.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Wölfle JV, Fiedler J, Dürselen L, Reichert J, Scharnweber D, Förster A, Schwenzer B, Reichel H, Ignatius A, Brenner RE. Improved anchorage of Ti6Al4V orthopaedic bone implants through oligonucleotide mediated immobilization of BMP-2 in osteoporotic rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86151. [PMID: 24465929 PMCID: PMC3897651 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to test the biocompatibility and functionality of orthopaedic bone implants with immobilized oligonucleotides serving as anchor stands for rhBMP-2 and rhVEGF-A conjugated with complementary oligonucleotides in an osteoporotic rat model. Al2O3-blasted acid etched Ti6Al4V implants, carrying oligonucleotide anchor strands and hybridized with rhBMP-2 or rhVEGF-A through complementary 31-mer oligonucleotide stands were inserted into the proximal tibia of ovariectomized rats. At the time of surgery (15 weeks after ovariectomy) microCT analysis showed significantly lower bone mineral density compared to non-ovariectomized animals. Bone-implant contact (BIC) and pullout-force were not negatively affected by non-hybridized anchor strands. Twelve weeks after surgery, a significantly higher pullout force was found for BMP-2 hybridized to the anchor strands compared to non-hybridized anchor strands or native samples, and on histomorphometric analysis BIC was highest in the BMP group. Thus, we could show the biocompatibility and in vivo functionality of this modular, self-organizing system for immobilization and subsequent release of BMP-2 in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia V. Wölfle
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Centre of Musculoskeletal Research, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jörg Fiedler
- Division for Biochemistry of Joint and Connective Tissue Diseases, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Centre of Musculoskeletal Research, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lutz Dürselen
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Centre of Musculoskeletal Research, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Judith Reichert
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Anne Förster
- Institute of Biochemistry, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Heiko Reichel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Centre of Musculoskeletal Research, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Centre of Musculoskeletal Research, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rolf E. Brenner
- Division for Biochemistry of Joint and Connective Tissue Diseases, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Centre of Musculoskeletal Research, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- * E-mail:
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