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Dong Y, Chen Y, Ma G, Cao H. The role of E3 ubiquitin ligases in bone homeostasis and related diseases. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:3963-3987. [PMID: 37799379 PMCID: PMC10547920 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) dedicates to degrade intracellular proteins to modulate demic homeostasis and functions of organisms. These enzymatic cascades mark and modifies target proteins diversly through covalently binding ubiquitin molecules. In the UPS, E3 ubiquitin ligases are the crucial constituents by the advantage of recognizing and presenting proteins to proteasomes for proteolysis. As the major regulators of protein homeostasis, E3 ligases are indispensable to proper cell manners in diverse systems, and they are well described in physiological bone growth and bone metabolism. Pathologically, classic bone-related diseases such as metabolic bone diseases, arthritis, bone neoplasms and bone metastasis of the tumor, etc., were also depicted in a UPS-dependent manner. Therefore, skeletal system is versatilely regulated by UPS and it is worthy to summarize the underlying mechanism. Furthermore, based on the current status of treatment, normal or pathological osteogenesis and tumorigenesis elaborated in this review highlight the clinical significance of UPS research. As a strategy possibly remedies the limitations of UPS treatment, emerging PROTAC was described comprehensively to illustrate its potential in clinical application. Altogether, the purpose of this review aims to provide more evidence for exploiting novel therapeutic strategies based on UPS for bone associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guixing Ma
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Huiling Cao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Kobayashi M, Harada S, Fujimoto N, Nomura Y. Apple polyphenols exhibits chondroprotective changes of synovium and prevents knee osteoarthritis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 614:120-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Chen H, Yang S, Shao R. Long non-coding XIST raises methylation of TIMP-3 promoter to regulate collagen degradation in osteoarthritic chondrocytes after tibial plateau fracture. Arthritis Res Ther 2019; 21:271. [PMID: 31815654 PMCID: PMC6902347 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-019-2033-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hypermethylation of gene promoters has been regarded as an epigenetic regulator for gene inactivation in the development of several diseases. In the current study, we aimed to explore how long noncoding RNA X-inactive specific transcript (lncRNA XIST) function in collagen degradation in chondrocytes of osteoarthritis (OA) after tibial plateau fracture by regulating tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP-3) promoter methylation. Methods In silico analysis was used to screen differentially expressed lncRNAs in cartilage tissues of OA. Chondrocytes were then successfully isolated from normal and OA cartilage tissues and identified, with the expressions of lncRNA XIST and TIMP-3 examined. The methylation levels of TIMP-3 promoter were determined by MS-PCR. The binding of lncRNA XIST to DNA methyltransferase and the binding of TIMP-3 promoter to DNA methyltransferase were determined by a series of experiments, including RIP, RNA pull-down, and ChIP assays. Results The differentially expressed lncRNA XIST was determined in OA. In addition, cartilage tissues of OA showed upregulation of lncRNA XIST and downregulation of TIMP-3. LncRNA XIST was primarily localized in the nucleus and was capable of binding to the promoter of TIMP-3. The silencing of lncRNA XIST decreased the methylation levels of TIMP-3 promoter and increased the expressions of TIMP-3, which consequently inhibited collagen degradation in OA chondrocytes. Furthermore, TIMP-3 over-expression reversed the effect of lncRNA XIST on collagen degradation in OA chondrocytes. Conclusion Collectively, lncRNA XIST raises collagen degradation in OA chondrocytes after tibial plateau fracture by accelerating the methylation of TIMP-3 promoter by recruiting DNA methyltransferase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yiwu Central Hospital, the Affiliated Yiwu Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Yiwu, 322000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengdi Yang
- Department of Hand-Foot Microsurgery, Lanshi Hospital, Lanzhou, 730050, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruyi Shao
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhuji People's Hospital, No. 9, Jianmin Road, Zhuji, 311800, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
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Powell B, Szleifer I, Dhaher YY. In silico study of principal sex hormone effects on post-injury synovial inflammatory response. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209582. [PMID: 30596697 PMCID: PMC6312367 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Following an anterior cruciate ligament injury, premenopausal females tend to experience poorer outcomes than males, and sex hormones are thought to contribute to the disparity. Evidence seems to suggest that the sex hormones estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone may regulate the inflammation caused by macrophages, which invade the knee after an injury. While the individual effects of hormones on macrophage inflammation have been studied in vitro, their combined effects on post-injury inflammation in the knee have not been examined, even though both males and females have detectable levels of both estrogen and testosterone. In the present work, we developed an in silico kinetic model of the post-injury inflammatory response in the human knee joint and the hormonal influences that may shape that response. Our results indicate that post-injury, sex hormone concentrations observed in females may lead to a more pro-inflammatory, catabolic environment, while the sex hormone concentrations observed in males may lead to a more anti-inflammatory environment. These findings suggest that the female hormonal milieu may lead to increased catabolism, potentially worsening post-injury damage to the cartilage for females compared to males. The model developed herein may inform future in vitro and in vivo studies that seek to uncover the origins of sex differences in outcomes and may ultimately serve as a starting point for developing targeted therapies to prevent or reduce the cartilage damage that results from post-injury inflammation, particularly for females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Powell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States of America
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Bioengineering, Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, IN, United States of America
| | - Igal Szleifer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States of America
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States of America
| | - Yasin Y. Dhaher
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Schwarz S, Mrosewski I, Silawal S, Schulze-Tanzil G. The interrelation of osteoarthritis and diabetes mellitus: considering the potential role of interleukin-10 and in vitro models for further analysis. Inflamm Res 2017; 67:285-300. [PMID: 29196771 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-017-1121-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Today, not only the existence of an interrelation between obesity/adipositas and osteoarthritis (OA) but also the association of OA and diabetes mellitus (DM) are widely recognized. Nevertheless, shared influence factors facilitating OA development in DM patients still remain speculative up until now. To supplement the analysis of clinical data, appropriate in vitro models could help to identify shared pathogenetic pathways. Informative in vitro studies could later be complemented by in vivo data obtained from suitable animal models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Therefore, this detailed review of available literature was undertaken to discuss and compare the results of currently published in vitro studies focusing on the interrelation between OA, the metabolic syndrome and DM and to propose models to further study the molecular pathways. RESULTS The survey of literature presented here supports the hypothesis that the pathogenesis of OA in DM is based on imbalanced molecular pathways with a putative crucial role of antiinflammatory cytokines such as IL-10. CONCLUSION Future development of versatile micro-scaled in vitro models such as combining DM and OA on chip could allow the identification of common pathogenetic pathways and might help to develop novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Schwarz
- Department of Anatomy, Paracelsus Medical University, Prof. Ernst Nathan Str. 1, 90419, Nuremberg, Germany.,Institute of Anatomy, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ingo Mrosewski
- MVZ Limbach Laboratories, Aroser Allee 84, 13407, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandeep Silawal
- Department of Anatomy, Paracelsus Medical University, Prof. Ernst Nathan Str. 1, 90419, Nuremberg, Germany.,Institute of Anatomy, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Gundula Schulze-Tanzil
- Department of Anatomy, Paracelsus Medical University, Prof. Ernst Nathan Str. 1, 90419, Nuremberg, Germany. .,Institute of Anatomy, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
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A novel oxido-viscosifying Hyaluronic Acid-antioxidant conjugate for osteoarthritis therapy: Biocompatibility assessments. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 90:70-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Potuck AN, Weed BL, Leifer CA, Chu CC. Electrostatically Self-Assembled Biodegradable Microparticles from Pseudoproteins and Polysaccharide: Fabrication, Characterization, and Biological Properties. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:564-77. [DOI: 10.1021/bm5016255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cynthia A. Leifer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York 14853-4401, United States
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Mrosewski I, Jork N, Gorte K, Conrad C, Wiegand E, Kohl B, Ertel W, John T, Oberholzer A, Kaps C, Schulze-Tanzil G. Regulation of osteoarthritis-associated key mediators by TNFα and IL-10: effects of IL-10 overexpression in human synovial fibroblasts and a synovial cell line. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 357:207-23. [PMID: 24816983 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1868-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Synovial fibroblasts (SF) contribute to the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA), but the effects of intra-articular cytokines on SF are not completely understood. The aim of this study was to characterize the interplay between tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α and the anti-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-10. Non-immortalized human SF and SF of the human cell line K4IM were stimulated with recombinant TNFα, IL-10, or TNFα + IL-10 (10 ng/ml each) for 24 h or transduced with an adenoviral vector overexpressing human IL-10 (hIL-10) and subsequently treated with 10 ng/ml TNFα for 24 h. Effects on the gene expression and protein synthesis of IL-6, IL-10, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-1, -3, type I collagen, β1-integrin, and CD44 were investigated via real-time detection polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence labeling, flow cytometry, and Western blotting. IL-10 release by transduced SF was confirmed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Both cell populations were activated by TNFα and by TNFα + IL-10, increasing their gene expression and protein synthesis of IL-6, IL-10, MMP-1, and MMP-3 and altering the synthesis of type I collagen, β1-integrin, and CD44. hIL-10 overexpression greatly elevated the gene expression and protein synthesis of IL-10. However, transduction did not significantly affect the gene expression of IL-6, MMP-1, and MMP-3 in SF. The increased expression of pro-inflammatory and catabolic mediators in TNFα-activated SF indicates their role in OA pathogenesis, suggesting they are a potential therapeutic target. Although the vigorousness of the responses of non-immortalized SF and K4IM clearly differ, the K4IM cell line seems to be a suitable model for non-immortalized human SF.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Mrosewski
- Department for Orthopaedic, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Charité-University of Medicine, Campus Benjamin Franklin, FEM Garystrasse 5, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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Chen CP, Hsu CC, Pei YC, Chen RL, Zhou S, Shen HC, Lin SC, Tsai WC. Changes of synovial fluid protein concentrations in supra-patellar bursitis patients after the injection of different molecular weights of hyaluronic acid. Exp Gerontol 2014; 52:30-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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10
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Henrotin Y, Lambert C, Richette P. Importance of synovitis in osteoarthritis: evidence for the use of glycosaminoglycans against synovial inflammation. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2013; 43:579-87. [PMID: 24262930 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES After detailing the different aspects of synovial inflammation (i.e., cellular, biochemical, and vascular) and based on the current knowledge, the aim of this review was to collect the available in vitro and in vivo data regarding the potency of some glycosaminoglycan (GAG) compounds to target synovial inflammation, an important aspect of osteoarthritis. METHODS The first part of the review corresponds to a qualitative review of the inflammatory status of OA synovial membrane. The second part corresponds to a systematic review of the literature regarding the potential effects of some GAGs on the previously described phenomenon. RESULTS The synovial aspect of the inflammatory status of OA has been detailed. Chondroitin sulfate has demonstrated to control the three aspects of synovial membrane inflammation: cell infiltration and activity, biochemical mediators release, and angiogenesis. Glucosamine is also active on both cellular and molecular aspects of the inflammatory reaction. Hyaluronic acid seems to be anti-inflammatory in its native form, while products of degradation are reported to be pro-angiogenic. CONCLUSION Much evidence suggests that some of the studied GAG compounds could target different aspects of synovitis. Some of them could be considered in combination therapy since they exhibit complementary properties. Most of the studies have concentrated on articular cartilage and chondrocytes. In order to achieve a structure modification, one may now consider all joint tissues and investigate the drug potency on all of them. Potent treatment should trigger the most important features of OA: cartilage degradation, subchondral bone sclerosis, and all aspects of synovial inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Henrotin
- Bone and Cartilage Research Unit, Institute of Pathology, CHU Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Cécile Lambert
- Bone and Cartilage Research Unit, Institute of Pathology, CHU Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Pascal Richette
- AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Pôle appareil locomoteur, fédération de rhumatologie, F-75010 Paris, France; Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75205 Paris, France; Sorbonne Paris Cité, University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
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11
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Lewis SS, Hutchinson MR, Zhang Y, Hund DK, Maier SF, Rice KC, Watkins LR. Glucuronic acid and the ethanol metabolite ethyl-glucuronide cause toll-like receptor 4 activation and enhanced pain. Brain Behav Immun 2013; 30:24-32. [PMID: 23348028 PMCID: PMC3641160 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously observed that the non-opioid morphine metabolite, morphine-3-glucuronide, enhances pain via a toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) dependent mechanism. The present studies were undertaken to determine whether TLR4-dependent pain enhancement generalizes to other classes of glucuronide metabolites. In silico modeling predicted that glucuronic acid alone and ethyl glucuronide, a minor but long-lasting ethanol metabolite, would dock to the same MD-2 portion of the TLR4 receptor complex previously characterized as the docking site for morphine-3-glucuronide. Glucuronic acid, ethyl glucuronide and ethanol all caused an increase in TLR4-dependent reporter protein expression in a cell line transfected with TLR4 and associated co-signaling molecules. Glucuronic acid-, ethyl glucuronide-, and ethanol-induced increases in TLR4 signaling were blocked by the TLR4 antagonists LPS-RS and (+)-naloxone. Glucuronic acid and ethyl glucuronide both caused allodynia following intrathecal injection in rats, which was blocked by intrathecal co-administration of the TLR4 antagonist LPS-RS. The finding that ethyl glucuronide can cause TLR4-dependent pain could have implications for human conditions such as hangover headache and alcohol withdrawal hyperalgesia, as well as suggesting that other classes of glucuronide metabolites could have similar effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susannah S. Lewis
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Mark R. Hutchinson
- Discipline of Pharmacology and Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Yingning Zhang
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Dana K. Hund
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Steven F. Maier
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Kenner C. Rice
- Chemical Biology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Linda R. Watkins
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA,Corresponding author: Linda R. Watkins, Department of Psychology, Campus Box 345, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA 80309-0345, , Fax: (303) 492-2967, Phone: (303) 492-7034
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12
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Bollyky PL, Vernon RB, Falk BA, Preisinger A, Gooden MD, Nepom GT, Gebe JA. IL-10 induction from implants delivering pancreatic islets and hyaluronan. J Diabetes Res 2013; 2013:342479. [PMID: 23971054 PMCID: PMC3736405 DOI: 10.1155/2013/342479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 06/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Local induction of pro-tolerogenic cytokines, such as IL-10, is an appealing strategy to help facilitate transplantation of islets and other tissues. Here, we describe a pair of implantable devices that capitalize on our recent finding that hyaluronan (HA) promotes IL-10 production by activated T cells. The first device is an injectable hydrogel made of crosslinked HA and heparan sulfate loaded with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 antibodies and IL-2. T cells embedded within this hydrogel prior to polymerization go on to produce IL-10 in vivo. The second device is a bioengineered implant consisting of a polyvinyl alcohol sponge scaffold, supportive collagen hydrogel, and alginate spheres mediating sustained release of HA in fluid form. Pancreatic islets that expressed ovalbumin (OVA) antigen were implanted within this device for 14 days into immunodeficient mice that received OVA-specific DO.11.10 T cells and a subsequent immunization with OVA peptide. Splenocytes harvested from these mice produced IL-10 upon re-challenge with OVA or anti-CD3 antibodies. Both of these devices represent model systems that will be used, in future studies, to further evaluate IL-10 induction by HA, with the objective of improving the survival and function of transplanted islets in the setting of autoimmune (type 1) diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul L. Bollyky
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Grant Building, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5107, USA
| | - Robert B. Vernon
- Benaroya Research Institute, 1201 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101-2795, USA
| | - Ben A. Falk
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Grant Building, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5107, USA
| | - Anton Preisinger
- Benaroya Research Institute, 1201 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101-2795, USA
| | - Michel D. Gooden
- Benaroya Research Institute, 1201 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101-2795, USA
| | - Gerald T. Nepom
- Benaroya Research Institute, 1201 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101-2795, USA
| | - John A. Gebe
- Benaroya Research Institute, 1201 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101-2795, USA
- *John A. Gebe:
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Bollyky PL, Bogdani M, Bollyky JB, Hull RL, Wight TN. The role of hyaluronan and the extracellular matrix in islet inflammation and immune regulation. Curr Diab Rep 2012; 12:471-80. [PMID: 22810951 PMCID: PMC3432646 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-012-0297-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a disease that in most individuals results from autoimmune attack of a single tissue type, the pancreatic islet. A fundamental, unanswered question in T1D pathogenesis is how the islet tissue environment influences immune regulation. This crosstalk is likely to be communicated through the extracellular matrix (ECM). Here, we review what is known about the ECM in insulitis and examine how the tissue environment is synchronized with immune regulation. In particular, we focus on the role of hyaluronan (HA) and its interactions with Foxp3+ regulatory T-cells (Treg). We propose that HA is a "keystone molecule" in the inflammatory milieu and that HA, together with its associated binding proteins and receptors, is an appropriate point of entry for investigations into how ECM influences immune regulation in the islet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul L Bollyky
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
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Brun P, Zavan B, Vindigni V, Schiavinato A, Pozzuoli A, Iacobellis C, Abatangelo G. In vitro response of osteoarthritic chondrocytes and fibroblast-like synoviocytes to a 500-730 kDa hyaluronan amide derivative. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2012; 100:2073-81. [PMID: 22865740 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.32771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of native hyaluronan (HA) with that of its hexadecylamide derivative (HYADD) on proliferation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) and chondrocytes. The production of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines was also analyzed in FLS cultures. The proliferation of osteoarthritis (OA) chondrocytes was enhanced when cells were treated with 0.5-1.5 mg mL(-1) of HA or HYADD®4-G. This effect was completely suppressed by the anti-CD44 antibody. At 0.5 to 1 mg mL(-1) , HA and HYADD®4-G did not influence the proliferation of normal or pathological FLS; however, at the higher concentration (1.5 mg mL(-1) ), HYADD®4-G did significantly inhibit cell proliferation. As to effects on inflammation, a significant increase in the expression of the IL-10 gene was observed when FLS were pretreated with tumor necrosis factor alpha and then cultured in the presence of 0.5 mg mL(-1) HYADD® 4-G or HA. The effects of HA derivatives on FLS proliferation and production of anti-inflammatory cytokines indicate that they may be of therapeutic benefit in OA. The longer residence time in the joint cavity, the increased viscoelasticity, and the anti-inflammatory potential of HYADD®4-G make it a better candidate than native HA for OA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Brun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy.
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Ongaro A, Varani K, Masieri FF, Pellati A, Massari L, Cadossi R, Vincenzi F, Borea PA, Fini M, Caruso A, De Mattei M. Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) and adenosine receptors modulate prostaglandin E(2) and cytokine release in human osteoarthritic synovial fibroblasts. J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:2461-9. [PMID: 21830213 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Synovial fibroblasts (SFs) contribute to the development of osteoarthritis (OA) by the secretion of a wide range of pro-inflammatory mediators, including cytokines and lipid mediators of inflammation. Previous studies suggest that electromagnetic fields (EMFs) may represent a potential therapeutic approach to limit cartilage degradation and control inflammation associated to OA, and that they may act through the adenosine pathway. Therefore, we investigated whether EMFs might modulate inflammatory activities of human SFs from OA patients (OASFs) treated with interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and the possible involvement of adenosine receptors (ARs) in mediating EMF effects. EMF exposure induced a selective increase in A(2A) and A(3) ARs. These increases were associated to changes in cAMP levels, indicating that ARs were functionally active also in EMF-exposed cells. Functional data obtained in the presence of selective A(2A) and A(3) adenosine agonists and antagonists showed that EMFs inhibit the release of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) and the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8), while stimulating the release of interleukin-10 (IL-10), an antinflammatory cytokine. These effects seem to be mediated by the EMF-induced upregulation of A(2A) and A(3) ARs. No effects of EMFs or ARs have been observed on matrix degrading enzyme production. In conclusion, this study shows that EMFs display anti-inflammatory effects in human OASFs, and that these EMF-induced effects are in part mediated by the adenosine pathway, specifically by the A(2A) and A(3) AR activation. Taken together, these results open new clinical perspectives to the control of inflammation associated to joint diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ongaro
- Department of Morphology and Embryology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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