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Meng XH, Liu Z, Chen XD, Deng AM, Mao ZH. Functional Enrichment Analysis Identifying Regulatory Information Associated with Human Fracture. Calcif Tissue Int 2023; 113:286-294. [PMID: 37477662 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-023-01108-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Dozens of loci associated with fracture have been identified by genome-wide association studies (GWASs). However, most of these variants are located in the noncoding regions including introns, long terminal repeats, and intergenic regions. Although combining regulation information helps to identify the causal SNPs and interpret the involvement of these variants in the etiology of human fracture, regulation information which was truly associated with fracture was unknown. A novel functional enrichment method GARFIELD (GWAS Analysis of Regulatory of Functional Information Enrichment with LD correction) was applied to identify fracture-associated regulation information, including transcript factor binding sites, expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs), chromatin states, enhancer, promoter, dyadic, super enhancer and Epigenome marks. Fracture SNPs were significantly enriched in exon (Bonferroni correction, p value < 7.14 × 10-3) at two GWAS p value thresholds through GARFIELD. High level of fold-enrichment was observed in super enhancer of monocyte and the enhancer of chondrocyte (Bonferroni correction, p value < 4.45 × 10-3). eQTLs of 44 tissues/cells and 10 transcription factors (TFs) were identified to be associated with human fracture. These results provide new insight into the etiology of human fracture, which might increase the identification of the causal SNPs through the fine-mapping study combined with functional annotation, as well as polygenic risk score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-He Meng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Hereditary Birth Defects Prevention and Control, Changsha Hospital for Maternal & Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410007, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhen Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Ding Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Min Deng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Hereditary Birth Defects Prevention and Control, Changsha Hospital for Maternal & Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410007, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zeng-Hui Mao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Hereditary Birth Defects Prevention and Control, Changsha Hospital for Maternal & Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410007, People's Republic of China.
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Stavnichuk M, Komarova SV. Megakaryocyte-driven changes in bone health: lessons from mouse models of myelofibrosis and related disorders. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 322:C177-C184. [PMID: 34910601 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00328.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Over the years, numerous studies demonstrated reciprocal communications between processes of bone marrow hematopoiesis and bone remodeling. Megakaryocytes, rare bone marrow cells responsible for platelet production, were demonstrated to be involved in bone homeostasis. Myelofibrosis, characterized by an increase in pleomorphic megakaryocytes in the bone marrow, commonly leads to the development of osteosclerosis. In vivo, an increase in megakaryocyte number was shown to result in osteosclerosis in GATA-1low, NF-E2-/-, TPOhigh, Mpllf/f;PF4cre, Lnk-/-, Mpig6b-/-, Mpig6bfl/fl;Gp1ba-Cr+/KI, Pt-vWD mouse models. In vitro, megakaryocytes stimulate osteoblast proliferation and have variable effects on osteoclast proliferation and activity through soluble factors and direct cell-cell communications. Intriguingly, new studies revealed that the ability of megakaryocytes to communicate with bone cells is affected by the age and sex of animals. This mini-review summarises changes seen in bone architecture and bone cell function in mouse models with an elevated number of megakaryocytes and the effects megakaryocytes have on osteoblasts and osteoclasts in vitro, and discusses potential molecular players that can mediate these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Stavnichuk
- Shriners Hospital for Children - Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Svetlana V Komarova
- Shriners Hospital for Children - Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Yuksel S, Guleç MA, Gultekin Z, Caglar A, Beytemur O, Alagoz E, Eker AA, Subaşı C, Karaoz E. Histopathological, immunohistochemical, and biomechanical effects of splenectomy on Achilles tendon healing in rats. Connect Tissue Res 2019; 60:200-208. [PMID: 29860899 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2018.1483361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to assess Achilles tendon repair in rats following splenectomy to simulate patients with musculoskeletal system injury who had splenectomy after spleen injury, a situation often seen in orthopedics and traumatology practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats (10 months old; average weight, 394.5 ± 28.3 g). The rats were fed with standard rodent food ad libitum at 22°C in a dark environment for 12 h. They were divided into two groups, namely the splenectomy (total splenectomy and Achilles tendon repair) and control groups (only Achilles tendon repair; n = 16). Four weeks after the surgery, the rats were euthanized, and their Achilles tendons were examined histopathologically, immunohistochemically, and biomechanically. RESULTS In the splenectomy group, proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-γ, showed significantly lower values than those in the control group (p ˂0.01); moreover, the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines like vascular endothelial growth factor, transforming growth factor-β1, interleukin-2, interleukin-10, and hepatocyte growth factor were significantly higher than in the control group (p ˂ 0.001). The average ultimate tensile strengths were 2.58 ± 0.5 in the splenectomy and 2.78 ± 0.3 in the control group (p = 0.043). The average εUTS values were 0.33 ± 0.5 in the splenectomy and 0.44 ± 0.1 in the control group (p = 0.021). CONCLUSION Splenectomy may positively influence Achilles tendon healing through modification of the proinflammatory/anti-inflammatory ratio in favor of anti-inflammatory cytokines by causing a decrease in spleen-originated inflammatory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serdar Yuksel
- a Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital , Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - M Akif Guleç
- a Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital , Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Zeki Gultekin
- a Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital , Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Aysel Caglar
- b Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital , Department of Pathology , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Ozan Beytemur
- a Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital , Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Ender Alagoz
- a Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital , Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - A Akdogan Eker
- c Yıldız Technical University , Department of Mechanical Engineering , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Cansu Subaşı
- d Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research & Manufacturing (LivMedCell) , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Erdal Karaoz
- d Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research & Manufacturing (LivMedCell) , Istanbul , Turkey.,e İstinye University, Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research & Practice , İstanbul , Turkey
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Splenectomy may have more complications than currently proven. Med Hypotheses 2018; 112:43-46. [PMID: 29447937 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The spleen has been one of the least understood major organs for centuries. Its significance is relatively well-known today but it seems that all aspects of its activities are not fully understood. Persian medicine (PM) has special views on the function of spleen; many side effects were reported in PM due to spleen dysfunction. On the other hand nowadays splenectomy as a treatment strategy is recommended for some disorders and increasing risk of infections is considered as the most important long term side effect of that. In this study, we hypothesize that splenectomy may have more side effects than currently proven. According to PM, spleen is in close connection with liver, cardiovascular system, stomach, bone, brain and skin, and that is why any kind of spleen dysfunction leads to change in blood viscosity, appetite and bone strength, liver dysfunction, mood and skin disorders, cancer formation and fever. Considering this viewpoint it can be hypothesized such side effects may also occur after splenectomy. Proven complications of splenectomy include hypercoagulated state, cardiovascular events and infectious diseases but there is also some evidence about increased risk of cancer, skin disease like systemic lupus erythematosus, mood disorder such as depression, defective bone formation and impairment of immunity which can be considered as different levels of evidence to confirm the hypothesis. But for some others such as changes in appetite, there are no studies let alone convincing evidence. Future research about theses possible complications may lead to novel results.
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miR-142-5p in Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promotes Osteoporosis Involving Targeting Adhesion Molecule VCAM-1 and Inhibiting Cell Migration. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:3274641. [PMID: 29789783 PMCID: PMC5896351 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3274641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a systemic bone metabolic disease that is highly prevalent in the elderly population, particularly in postmenopausal women, which results in enhanced bone fragility and an increased susceptibility to fractures. However, the underlying molecular pathogenesis mechanisms still remain to be further elucidated. In this study, in a rat ovariectomy- (OVX-) induced postmenopausal osteoporosis model, aberrant expression of a microRNA miR-142-5p and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) was found by RNA sequencing analysis and qRT-PCR. Using a dual-luciferase reporter assay, we found that miR-142-5p can bind to and decrease expression of VCAM-1 mRNA. Such reduction was prohibited when the miR-142-5p binding site in VCAM-1 3′UTR was deleted, and Western blotting analyses validated the fact that miR-142-5p inhibited the expression of VCAM-1 protein. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) transfected with miR-142-5p showed a significantly decreased migration ability in a Transwell migration assay. Collectively, these data indicated the important role of miR-142-5p in osteoporosis development involving targeting VCAM-1 and inhibiting BMMSC migration.
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Wang G, Wang J, Sun D, Xin J, Wang L, Huang D, Wu W, Xian CJ. Short-Term Hypoxia Accelerates Bone Loss in Ovariectomized Rats by Suppressing Osteoblastogenesis but Enhancing Osteoclastogenesis. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:2962-71. [PMID: 27550548 PMCID: PMC5006713 DOI: 10.12659/msm.899485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although it has been reported that hypoxic exposure can attenuate hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, and some other diseases, effects of hypoxia on osteoporosis are still unknown. Material/Methods The current study investigated whether short-term hypoxic exposure (in comparison with normoxic conditions) affects bone metabolism in normal or ovariectomized (OVX) adult female rats in an vivo study. Micro-computed tomography bone volume/structural analyses, histological examination, and serum bone turnover biochemical assays were used. In addition, the expressions of some associated major regulatory molecules were measured in osteoblastic cultures. Results While the 14-day hypoxic exposure did not change the bone-remodeling process in normal adult female rats, it decreased bone volume, osteoclast density, and serum bone formation marker (alkaline phosphatase) level, but increased osteoclast density and serum bone resorption marker (C-telopeptide of collagen) level in OVX rats. The bone marrow adipocyte number and serum fatty acid binding protein-4 level were increased in OVX-hypoxic rats compared with OVX-normoxic rats. Consistently, in human MG-63 osteoblastic cultures, the hypoxic condition suppressed protein expression of osteogenic transcriptional factors Runx2 and osterix, elevated protein expression of osteoclastogenic cytokine receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand, but reduced that of osteoclastogenic inhibitor osteoprotegerin. Conclusions Our results suggest that, although no change occurred in the bone-remodeling process in normal adult female rats after hypoxic exposure, under the estrogen-deficient osteoporotic condition, the hypoxic condition can alter the bone microenvironment so that it may further impair osteoblastic differentiation and enhance osteoclastic formation, and thus reduce bone formation, enhance bone resorption, and accelerate bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guixin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Traumatology, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Traumatology, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Dawei Sun
- Department of Orthopedics & Microsurgery, Guangdong No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guanghzou, China (mainland)
| | - Jingyi Xin
- Department of Orthopaedic Traumatology, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Liping Wang
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Dong Huang
- Department of Orthopedics & Microsurgery, Guangdong No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guanghzou, China (mainland)
| | - Weichi Wu
- Department of Orthopedics & Microsurgery, Guangdong No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Cory J Xian
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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