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Balayan A, DeBoutray M, Molley TG, Ruoss S, Maceda M, Sevier A, Robertson CM, Ward SR, Engler AJ. Dispase/collagenase cocktail allows for coisolation of satellite cells and fibroadipogenic progenitors from human skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C1193-C1202. [PMID: 38581669 PMCID: PMC11193520 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00023.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Satellite cells (SCs) and fibroadipogenic progenitors (FAPs) are progenitor populations found in muscle that form new myofibers postinjury. Muscle development, regeneration, and tissue-engineering experiments require robust progenitor populations, yet their isolation and expansion are difficult given their scarcity in muscle, limited muscle biopsy sizes in humans, and lack of methodological detail in the literature. Here, we investigated whether a dispase and collagenase type 1 and 2 cocktail could allow dual isolation of SCs and FAPs, enabling significantly increased yield from human skeletal muscle. Postdissociation, we found that single cells could be sorted into CD56 + CD31-CD45- (SC) and CD56-CD31-CD45- (FAP) cell populations, expanded in culture, and characterized for lineage-specific marker expression and differentiation capacity; we obtained ∼10% SCs and ∼40% FAPs, with yields twofold better than what is reported in current literature. SCs were PAX7+ and retained CD56 expression and myogenic fusion potential after multiple passages, expanding up to 1012 cells. Conversely, FAPs expressed CD140a and differentiated into either fibroblasts or adipocytes upon induction. This study demonstrates robust isolation of both SCs and FAPs from the same muscle sample with SC recovery more than two times higher than previously reported, which could enable translational studies for muscle injuries.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrated that a dispase/collagenase cocktail allows for simultaneous isolation of SCs and FAPs with 2× higher SC yield compared with other studies. We provide a thorough characterization of SC and FAP in vitro expansion that other studies have not reported. Following our dissociation, SCs and FAPs were able to expand by up to 1012 cells before reaching senescence and maintained differentiation capacity in vitro demonstrating their efficacy for clinical translation for muscle injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alis Balayan
- Biomedical Sciences Program, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Marie DeBoutray
- Department of ENT and Maxillofacial Surgery, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Thomas G Molley
- Chien-Lay Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Severin Ruoss
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Matthew Maceda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Ashley Sevier
- California State University, Bakersfield, Bakersfield, California, United States
| | - Catherine M Robertson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Samuel R Ward
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
- Department of Radiology, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Adam J Engler
- Biomedical Sciences Program, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
- Chien-Lay Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States
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Fu C, Huang AH, Galatz LM, Han WM. Cellular and molecular modulation of rotator cuff muscle pathophysiology. J Orthop Res 2021; 39:2310-2322. [PMID: 34553789 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Rotator cuff (RC) tendon tears are common shoulder injuries that result in irreversible and persistent degeneration of the associated muscles, which is characterized by severe inflammation, atrophy, fibrosis, and fatty infiltration. Although RC muscle degeneration strongly dictates the overall clinical outcomes, strategies to stimulate RC muscle regeneration have largely been overlooked to date. In this review, we highlight the current understanding of the cellular processes that coordinate muscle regeneration, and the roles of muscle resident cells, including immune cells, fibroadipogenic progenitors, and muscle satellite cells in the pathophysiologic regulation of RC muscles following injury. This review also provides perspectives for potential therapies to alleviate the hallmarks of RC muscle degeneration to address current limitations in postsurgical recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Fu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Alice H Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Leesa M Galatz
- Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Woojin M Han
- Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA.,Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
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Gupta R, Rao R, Johnston TR, Uong J, Yang DS, Lee TQ. Muscle stem cells and rotator cuff injury. JSES REVIEWS, REPORTS, AND TECHNIQUES 2021; 1:186-193. [PMID: 37588948 PMCID: PMC10426486 DOI: 10.1016/j.xrrt.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of reinjury after treatment of rotator cuff tears (RCTs) remains very high despite the variety of nonoperative treatments and the high volume of surgical interventions performed. Muscle stem cells (MuSCs), also known as satellite cells, have risen to the forefront of rotator cuff tear research as a potential adjuvant therapy to aid unsatisfactory surgical outcomes. MuSCs are adult stem cells exhibiting the capacity to proliferate and self-renew, both symmetrically and asymmetrically. As part of this niche, they have been shown to adopt an activated phenotype in response to musculoskeletal injury and decrease their cellular populations during aging, implicating them as key players in both pathologic and normal physiological processes. While commonly connected to the regenerative phase of muscle healing, MuSCs also have the potential to differentiate into adverse morphologies. For instance, if MuSCs differentiate into adipocytes, the ensuing fatty infiltration serves as an obstacle to proper muscle healing and has been associated with the failure of surgical management of RCTs. With the potential to both harm and heal, we have identified MuSCs as a key player in RCT repair. To better understand this dichotomy, the following review will identify key studies regarding the morphology, function, and behavior of MuSCs with respect to RCTs and healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjan Gupta
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Rohan Rao
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Tyler R. Johnston
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Uong
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Daniel S. Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Thay Q. Lee
- Congress Medical Foundation, Pasadena, CA, USA
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Liu Z, Li Y, Ren Y, Jin Y, Yang J, Wang S, Zhu X, Xiong H, Zou G, Liu Y, Huang W. Enhancement of in vitro proliferation and bioactivity of human anterior cruciate ligament fibroblasts using an in situ tissue isolation method and basic fibroblast growth factor culture conditions: A pilot analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e15907. [PMID: 31145353 PMCID: PMC6708876 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000015907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported poor proliferation and bioactivity of human anterior cruciate ligament fibroblasts (hACLFs) after injury. As hACLFs are one of the most significant and indispensable source of seed cells in constructing tissue-engineered ligament, enhancing hACLF proliferation would offer favorable cellular-biological ability and induce the extracellular matrix secretion of hACLFs after loading on multiple types of scaffolds. Enhancing the bioactivity of hACLFs would improve tissue repair and functional recovery after tissue-engineered ligament transplantation. This study compared cells prepared by collagenase digestion and the in situ culture of tissue pieces and investigated the effect of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on hACLFs. METHODS Six adult patients participated in this study. Of these patients, tissues from three were compared after culture establishment through collagenase digestion or in situ tissue isolation. hACLF phenotypic characteristics were assessed, and the effect of bFGF on hACLF cultures was observed. hACLFs cultured with and without bFGF served as the experimental and control groups, respectively. Cell Counting Kit-8 was used to detect proliferation. The expression of ligament-related genes and proteins was evaluated by immunofluorescence staining, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, and Western blot assays. RESULTS The morphology of hACLFs isolated using the two methods differed after the 2nd passage. The proliferation of cells obtained by in situ culture was higher than that of cells obtained by collagenase digestion. hACLFs cultured with bFGF after the 3rd passage exhibited a higher proliferation rate than the controls. Immunofluorescence staining, real-time PCR, and Western blot analysis showed a significant increase in ligament-related gene and protein expression in the hACLFs cultured with bFGF. CONCLUSIONS The in situ isolation of tissue pieces enhanced hACLF proliferation in vitro, and the hACLFs exhibited phenotypic characteristics of fibroblasts. hACLFs cultured with bFGF exhibited increased hACLF bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziming Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
| | - Yuwan Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
| | - Youliang Ren
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing
| | - Ying Jin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, P.R. China
| | - Jibin Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, P.R. China
| | - Shengmin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, P.R. China
| | - Xizhong Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, P.R. China
| | - Huazhang Xiong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing
| | - Gang Zou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, P.R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, P.R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
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Davies MR, Garcia S, Tamaki S, Liu X, Lee S, Jose A, Pomerantz JH, Feeley BT. Muscle stem cell activation in a mouse model of rotator cuff injury. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:1370-1376. [PMID: 28786534 PMCID: PMC5803476 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Rotator cuff (RC) tears are frequently complicated by muscle atrophy. Muscle stem cells (MuSCs) repair damaged myofibers following injury, but their role in the prevention or pathogenesis of atrophy following RC tears remains undefined. We hypothesized that the RC MuSC population would be affected by supraspinatus (SS) and infraspinatus (IS) tendon transection (TT) compared to uninjured muscle in a mouse model of RC tear. C57BL6/J mice underwent unilateral SS and IS TT and contralateral sham surgery. At 3, 8, or 14 weeks after injury, mice were euthanized, and SS and IS were harvested for FACS sorting of CD31-/CD45-/Sca1-/ITGa7+/VCAM+ MuSCs or histological analysis. Ki-67+ MuSCs from injured muscle increased 3.4-fold at 3 weeks (p = 0.03) and 8.1-fold at 8 weeks (p = 0.04) following TT injury, but returned to baseline by 14 weeks (p = 0.91). Myod1 remained upregulated 3.3-fold at 3 weeks (p = 0.03) and 2.0-fold at 14 weeks (p = 0.0003), respectively. Myofiber cross-sectional area was decreased at both 3 and 14 weeks after injury, but the number of MuSCs per fiber remained relatively constant at 3 (p = 0.3) and 14 (p = 0.6) weeks after TT. In this study, we characterized the longitudinal effect of RC tendon injury on the MuSC population in supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles. MuSCs are transiently activated, and are not depleted, in spite of persistent muscle atrophy. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1370-1376, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Davies
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,San Francisco Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, San Francisco, CA
| | - Steven Garcia
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Departments of Surgery and Orofacial Sciences, Program in Craniofacial Biology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Stanley Tamaki
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Departments of Surgery and Orofacial Sciences, Program in Craniofacial Biology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Xuhui Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,San Francisco Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, San Francisco, CA
| | - Solomon Lee
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Departments of Surgery and Orofacial Sciences, Program in Craniofacial Biology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Anthony Jose
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Departments of Surgery and Orofacial Sciences, Program in Craniofacial Biology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jason H. Pomerantz
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Departments of Surgery and Orofacial Sciences, Program in Craniofacial Biology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Brian T. Feeley
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,San Francisco Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, San Francisco, CA
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