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Obeidat AM, Ishihara S, Li J, Adamczyk NS, Lammlin L, Junginger L, Maerz T, Miller RJ, Miller RE, Malfait AM. Intra-articular sprouting of nociceptors accompanies progressive osteoarthritis: comparative evidence in four murine models. Front Neuroanat 2024; 18:1429124. [PMID: 39076825 PMCID: PMC11284167 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2024.1429124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Knee joints are densely innervated by nociceptors. In human knees and rodent models, sprouting of nociceptors has been reported in late-stage osteoarthritis (OA). Here, we sought to describe progressive nociceptor remodeling in early and late-stage OA, using four distinct experimental mouse models. Methods Sham surgery, destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM), partial meniscectomy (PMX), or non-invasive anterior cruciate ligament rupture (ACLR) was performed in the right knee of 10-12-week old male C57BL/6 NaV1.8-tdTomato mice. Mice were euthanized (1) 4, 8 or 16 weeks after DMM or sham surgery; (2) 4 or 12 weeks after PMX or sham; (3) 1 or 4 weeks after ACLR injury or sham. Additionally, a cohort of naïve male wildtype mice was evaluated at age 6 and 24 months. Mid-joint cryosections were assessed qualitatively and quantitatively for NaV1.8+ or PGP9.5+ innervation. Cartilage damage, synovitis, and osteophytes were assessed. Results Progressive OA developed in the medial compartment after DMM, PMX, and ACLR. Synovitis and associated neo-innervation of the synovium by nociceptors peaked in early-stage OA. In the subchondral bone, channels containing sprouting nociceptors appeared early, and progressed with worsening joint damage. Two-year old mice developed primary OA in the medial and the lateral compartment, accompanied by nociceptor sprouting in the synovium and the subchondral bone. All four models showed increased nerve signal in osteophytes. Conclusion These findings suggest that anatomical neuroplasticity of nociceptors is intrinsic to OA pathology. The detailed description of innervation of the OA joint and its relationship to joint damage might help in understanding OA pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alia M. Obeidat
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Shingo Ishihara
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jun Li
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Natalie S. Adamczyk
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Lindsey Lammlin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Lucas Junginger
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Tristan Maerz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Richard J. Miller
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Rachel E. Miller
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Anne-Marie Malfait
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
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Pratt SJP, Plunkett CM, Kuzu G, Trinh T, Barbara J, Choconta P, Quackenbush D, Huynh T, Smith A, Barnes SW, New J, Pierce J, Walker JR, Mainquist J, King FJ, Elliott J, Hammack S, Decker RS. A high throughput cell stretch device for investigating mechanobiology in vitro. APL Bioeng 2024; 8:026129. [PMID: 38938688 PMCID: PMC11210978 DOI: 10.1063/5.0206852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Mechanobiology is a rapidly advancing field, with growing evidence that mechanical signaling plays key roles in health and disease. To accelerate mechanobiology-based drug discovery, novel in vitro systems are needed that enable mechanical perturbation of cells in a format amenable to high throughput screening. Here, both a mechanical stretch device and 192-well silicone flexible linear stretch plate were designed and fabricated to meet high throughput technology needs for cell stretch-based applications. To demonstrate the utility of the stretch plate in automation and screening, cell dispensing, liquid handling, high content imaging, and high throughput sequencing platforms were employed. Using this system, an assay was developed as a biological validation and proof-of-concept readout for screening. A mechano-transcriptional stretch response was characterized using focused gene expression profiling measured by RNA-mediated oligonucleotide Annealing, Selection, and Ligation with Next-Gen sequencing. Using articular chondrocytes, a gene expression signature containing stretch responsive genes relevant to cartilage homeostasis and disease was identified. The possibility for integration of other stretch sensitive cell types (e.g., cardiovascular, airway, bladder, gut, and musculoskeletal), in combination with alternative phenotypic readouts (e.g., protein expression, proliferation, or spatial alignment), broadens the scope of high throughput stretch and allows for wider adoption by the research community. This high throughput mechanical stress device fills an unmet need in phenotypic screening technology to support drug discovery in mechanobiology-based disease areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J. P. Pratt
- Novartis, Biomedical Research 10675 John Jay Hopkins Dr, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | | | - Guray Kuzu
- Novartis, Biomedical Research 10675 John Jay Hopkins Dr, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Ton Trinh
- Novartis, Biomedical Research 10675 John Jay Hopkins Dr, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Joshua Barbara
- Novartis, Biomedical Research 10675 John Jay Hopkins Dr, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Paula Choconta
- Novartis, Biomedical Research 10675 John Jay Hopkins Dr, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Doug Quackenbush
- Novartis, Biomedical Research 10675 John Jay Hopkins Dr, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Truc Huynh
- Novartis, Biomedical Research 10675 John Jay Hopkins Dr, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Anders Smith
- Novartis, Biomedical Research 10675 John Jay Hopkins Dr, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - S. Whitney Barnes
- Novartis, Biomedical Research 10675 John Jay Hopkins Dr, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Joel New
- Novartis, Biomedical Research 10675 John Jay Hopkins Dr, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - James Pierce
- Novartis, Biomedical Research 10675 John Jay Hopkins Dr, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - John R. Walker
- Novartis, Biomedical Research 10675 John Jay Hopkins Dr, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - James Mainquist
- Novartis, Biomedical Research 10675 John Jay Hopkins Dr, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Frederick J. King
- Novartis, Biomedical Research 10675 John Jay Hopkins Dr, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Jimmy Elliott
- Novartis, Biomedical Research 10675 John Jay Hopkins Dr, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Scott Hammack
- Novartis, Biomedical Research 10675 John Jay Hopkins Dr, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Rebekah S. Decker
- Novartis, Biomedical Research 10675 John Jay Hopkins Dr, San Diego, California 92121, USA
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Li H, Tang Y, Liu Z, Chen K, Zhang K, Hu S, Pan C, Yang H, Li B, Chen H. Lumbar instability remodels cartilage endplate to induce intervertebral disc degeneration by recruiting osteoclasts via Hippo-CCL3 signaling. Bone Res 2024; 12:34. [PMID: 38816384 PMCID: PMC11139958 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-024-00331-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Degenerated endplate appears with cheese-like morphology and sensory innervation, contributing to low back pain and subsequently inducing intervertebral disc degeneration in the aged population.1 However, the origin and development mechanism of the cheese-like morphology remain unclear. Here in this study, we report lumbar instability induced cartilage endplate remodeling is responsible for this pathological change. Transcriptome sequencing of the endplate chondrocytes under abnormal stress revealed that the Hippo signaling was key for this process. Activation of Hippo signaling or knockout of the key gene Yap1 in the cartilage endplate severed the cheese-like morphological change and disc degeneration after lumbar spine instability (LSI) surgery, while blocking the Hippo signaling reversed this process. Meanwhile, transcriptome sequencing data also showed osteoclast differentiation related gene set expression was up regulated in the endplate chondrocytes under abnormal mechanical stress, which was activated after the Hippo signaling. Among the discovered osteoclast differentiation gene set, CCL3 was found to be largely released from the chondrocytes under abnormal stress, which functioned to recruit and promote osteoclasts formation for cartilage endplate remodeling. Over-expression of Yap1 inhibited CCL3 transcription by blocking its promoter, which then reversed the endplate from remodeling to the cheese-like morphology. Finally, LSI-induced cartilage endplate remodeling was successfully rescued by local injection of an AAV5 wrapped Yap1 over-expression plasmid at the site. These findings suggest that the Hippo signaling induced osteoclast gene set activation in the cartilage endplate is a potential new target for the management of instability induced low back pain and lumbar degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanwen Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
- Orthopedic Institute, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yingchuang Tang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
- Orthopedic Institute, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zixiang Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Kangwu Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Sihan Hu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
- Orthopedic Institute, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chun Pan
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China.
- Orthopedic Institute, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China.
| | - Bin Li
- Orthopedic Institute, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China.
| | - Hao Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China.
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China.
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Pandey A, Singla M, Geller A, Goodman SB, Bhutani N. Targeting an inflammation-amplifying cell population can attenuate osteoarthritis-associated pain. Arthritis Res Ther 2024; 26:53. [PMID: 38368390 PMCID: PMC10874031 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-024-03284-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding of pain in osteoarthritis, its genesis, and perception is still in its early stages. Identification of precise ligand-receptor pairs that transduce pain and the cells and tissues in which they reside will elucidate new therapeutic approaches for pain management. Our recent studies had identified an inflammation-amplifying (Inf-A) cell population that is expanded in human OA cartilage and is distinctive in the expression of both IL1R1 and TNF-R2 receptors and active Jnk signaling cascade. METHODS In this study, we have tested the function of the cartilage-resident IL1R1+TNF-R2+ Inf-A cells in OA. We have identified that the IL1R1+TNF-R2+ Inf-A cells expand in aged mice as well as after anterior cruciate ligament tear upon tibia loading and OA initiation in mice. We targeted and modulated the Jnk signaling cascade in InfA through competitive inhibition of Jnk signaling in mice and human OA explants and tested the effects on joint structure and gait in mice. RESULTS Modulation of Jnk signaling led to attenuation of inflammatory cytokines CCL2 and CCL7 without showing any structural improvements in the joint architecture. Interestingly, Jnk inhibition and lowered CCL2 and 7 are sufficient to significantly improve the gait parameters in treated PTOA mice demonstrating reduced OA-associated pain. Consistent with the mice data, treatment with JNK inhibitor did not improve human OA cartilage explants. CONCLUSION These studies demonstrate that Inf-A, an articular-cartilage resident cell population, contributes to pain in OA via secretion of CCL2 and 7 and can be targeted via inhibition of Jnk signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Pandey
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, 240, Pasteur Drive, Biomedical Innovations Bldg, Stanford, CA, 94034, USA
| | - Mamta Singla
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, 240, Pasteur Drive, Biomedical Innovations Bldg, Stanford, CA, 94034, USA
| | - Ana Geller
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, 240, Pasteur Drive, Biomedical Innovations Bldg, Stanford, CA, 94034, USA
| | - Stuart B Goodman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, 240, Pasteur Drive, Biomedical Innovations Bldg, Stanford, CA, 94034, USA
| | - Nidhi Bhutani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, 240, Pasteur Drive, Biomedical Innovations Bldg, Stanford, CA, 94034, USA.
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Feng L, Dai S, Zhang C, Zhang W, Zhu W, Wang C, He Y, Song W. Ripa-56 protects retinal ganglion cells in glutamate-induced retinal excitotoxic model of glaucoma. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3834. [PMID: 38360971 PMCID: PMC10869350 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54075-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a prevalent cause of blindness globally, characterized by the progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Among various factors, glutamate excitotoxicity stands out as a significant contributor of RGCs loss in glaucoma. Our study focused on Ripa-56 and its protective effect against NMDA-induced retinal damage in mice, aiming to delve into the potential underlying mechanism. The R28 cells were categorized into four groups: glutamate (Glu), Glu + Ripa-56, Ripa-56 and Control group. After 24 h of treatment, cell death was assessed by PI / Hoechst staining. Mitochondrial membrane potential changes, apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were analyzed using flow cytometry. The alterations in the expression of RIP-1, p-MLKL, Bcl-2, BAX, Caspase-3, Gpx4 and SLC7A11 were examined using western blot analysis. C57BL/6j mice were randomly divided into NMDA, NMDA + Ripa-56, Ripa-56 and control groups. Histological changes in the retina were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. RGCs survival and the protein expression changes of RIP-1, Caspase-3, Bcl-2, Gpx4 and SLC7A11 were observed using immunofluorescence. Ripa-56 exhibited a significant reduction in the levels of RIP-1, p-MLKL, Caspase-3, and BAX induced by glutamate, while promoting the expression of Bcl-2, Gpx-4, and SLC7A1 in the Ripa-56-treated group. In our study, using an NMDA-induced normal tension glaucoma mice model, we employed immunofluorescence and H&E staining to observe that Ripa-56 treatment effectively ameliorated retinal ganglion cell loss, mitigating the decrease in retinal ganglion cell layer and bipolar cell layer thickness caused by NMDA. In this study, we have observed that Ripa-56 possesses remarkable anti- necroptotic, anti-apoptotic and anti-ferroptosis properties. It demonstrates the ability to combat not only glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in R28 cells, but also NMDA-induced retinal excitotoxicity in mice. Therefore, Ripa-56 could be used as a potential retinal protective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lemeng Feng
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Shirui Dai
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Wulong Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiming Zhu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye He
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Weitao Song
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China.
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Sasaki R, Sakamoto J, Honda Y, Motokawa S, Kataoka H, Origuchi T, Okita M. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound phonophoresis with diclofenac alleviated inflammation and pain via downregulation of M1 macrophages in rats with carrageenan-induced knee joint arthritis. NEUROBIOLOGY OF PAIN (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2024; 15:100148. [PMID: 38174056 PMCID: PMC10758990 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2023.100148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate the effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) phonophoresis with diclofenac on inflammation and pain in the acute phase of carrageenan-induced arthritis in rats. Design 60 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into the arthritis, diclofenac, LIPUS, phonophoresis, and sham-arthritis control groups. LIPUS and transdermal diclofenac gel were applied to the lateral side of the inflamed knee for 7 days, initiated postinjection day 1. In the phonophoresis group, diclofenac gel was rubbed onto the skin, followed by LIPUS application over the medication. Knee joint transverse diameters, pressure pain thresholds (PPTs), and paw withdrawal thresholds (PWT) were evaluated. The number of CD68-, CD11c-, and CD206-positive cells, and IL-1β and COX-2 mRNA expression were analyzed 8 days after injection. Results In the phonophoresis group, the transverse diameter, PPT, PWT significantly recovered at the day 8 compared to those in the LIPUS and diclofenac groups. The number of CD68- and CD11c-positive cells in the phonophoresis group was significantly lower than that in the LIPUS and diclofenac groups, but no significant differences were observed among three groups in CD206-positive cells. IL-1β and COX-2 mRNA levels were lower in the phonophoresis group than in the arthritis group, although there were no differences among the LIPUS, diclofenac, and phonophoresis groups. Conclusion LIPUS phonophoresis with diclofenac is more effective to ameliorate inflammation and pain compared to diclofenac or LIPUS alone, and the mechanism involves the decrease of M1 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Sasaki
- Department of Rehabilitation, Juzenkai Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Physical Therapy Science, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Junya Sakamoto
- Department of Physical Therapy Science, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Honda
- Department of Physical Therapy Science, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Satoko Motokawa
- Department of Physical Therapy Science, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nagasaki Rehabilitation Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hideki Kataoka
- Department of Physical Therapy Science, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nagasaki Memorial Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tomoki Origuchi
- Department of Physical Therapy Science, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Minoru Okita
- Department of Physical Therapy Science, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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7
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Leite CBG, Merkely G, Charles JF, Lattermann C. From Inflammation to Resolution: Specialized Pro-resolving Mediators in Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2023; 21:758-770. [PMID: 37615856 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-023-00817-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To provide a comprehensive overview of the inflammatory response following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and to highlight the relationship between specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) and inflammatory joint conditions, emphasizing the therapeutic potential of modulating the post-injury resolution of inflammation to prevent posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). RECENT FINDINGS The inflammatory response triggered after joint injuries such as ACL tear plays a critical role in posttraumatic osteoarthritis development. Inflammation is a necessary process for tissue healing, but unresolved or overactivated inflammation can lead to chronic diseases. SPMs, a family of lipid molecules derived from essential fatty acids, have emerged as active players in the resolution of inflammation and tissue repair. While their role in other inflammatory conditions has been studied, their relationship with PTOA remains underexplored. Proinflammatory mediators contribute to cartilage degradation and PTOA pathogenesis, while anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving mediators may have chondroprotective effects. Therapies aimed at suppressing inflammation in PTOA have limitations, as inflammation is crucial for tissue healing. SPMs offer a pro-resolving response without causing immunosuppression, making them a promising therapeutic option. The known onset date of PTOA makes it amenable to early interventions, and activating pro-resolving pathways may provide new possibilities for preventing PTOA progression. Harnessing the pro-resolving potential of SPMs may hold promise for preventing PTOA and restoring tissue homeostasis and function after joint injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chilan B G Leite
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 20 Patriot Place Foxboro, Boston, MA, 02035, USA
| | - Gergo Merkely
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 20 Patriot Place Foxboro, Boston, MA, 02035, USA
| | - Julia F Charles
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 20 Patriot Place Foxboro, Boston, MA, 02035, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christian Lattermann
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 20 Patriot Place Foxboro, Boston, MA, 02035, USA.
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8
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Bergman RF, Lammlin L, Junginger L, Farrell E, Goldman S, Darcy R, Rasner C, Obeidat AM, Malfait AM, Miller RE, Maerz T. Sexual dimorphism of the synovial transcriptome underpins greater PTOA disease severity in male mice following joint injury. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2023:S1063-4584(23)00915-9. [PMID: 37716404 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2023.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease with sex-dependent prevalence and severity in both human and animal models. We sought to elucidate sex differences in synovitis, mechanical sensitization, structural damage, bone remodeling, and the synovial transcriptome in the anterior cruciate ligament rupture (ACLR) mouse model of post-traumatic OA (PTOA). DESIGN Male and female 12-week-old C57/BL6J mice were randomized to Sham or noninvasive ACLR with harvests at 7d or 28d post-ACLR (n = 9 per sex in each group - Sham, 7d ACLR, 28d ACLR). Knee hyperalgesia, mechanical allodynia, and intra-articular matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity (via intravital imaging) were measured longitudinally. Trabecular and subchondral bone (SCB) remodeling and osteophyte formation were assessed by µCT. Histological scoring of PTOA, synovitis, and anti-MMP13 immunostaining were performed. NaV1.8-Cre;tdTomato mice were used to document localization and sprouting of nociceptors. Bulk RNA-seq of synovium in Sham, 7d, and 28d post-ACLR, and contralateral joints (n = 6 per group per sex) assessed injury-induced and sex-dependent gene expression. RESULTS Male mice exhibited more severe joint damage at 7d and 28d and more severe synovitis at 28d, accompanied by 19% greater MMP activity, 8% lower knee hyperalgesia threshold, and 43% lower hindpaw withdrawal threshold in injured limbs compared to female injured limbs. Females had injury-induced catabolic responses in trabecular and SCB, whereas males exhibited 133% greater normalized osteophyte volume relative to females and sclerotic remodeling of trabecular and SCB. NaV1.8+ nociceptor sprouting in SCB and medial synovium was induced by injury and comparable between sexes. RNA-seq of synovium demonstrated similar injury-induced transcriptomic programs between the sexes at 7d, but only female mice exhibited a transcriptomic signature indicative of synovial inflammatory resolution by 28d, whereas males had persistent pro-inflammatory, pro-fibrotic, pro-neurogenic, and pro-angiogenic gene expression. CONCLUSION Male mice exhibited more severe overall joint damage and pain behavior after ACLR, which was associated with persistent activation of synovial inflammatory, fibrotic, and neuroangiogenic processes, implicating persistent synovitis in driving sex differences in murine PTOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel F Bergman
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Lindsey Lammlin
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Lucas Junginger
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Easton Farrell
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Sam Goldman
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Rose Darcy
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Cody Rasner
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Alia M Obeidat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Anne-Marie Malfait
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Rachel E Miller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Tristan Maerz
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
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9
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Timkovich AE, Sikes KJ, Andrie KM, Afzali MF, Sanford J, Fernandez K, Burnett DJ, Hurley E, Daniel T, Serkova NJ, Donahue TH, Santangelo KS. Full and Partial Mid-substance ACL Rupture Using Mechanical Tibial Displacement in Male and Female Mice. Ann Biomed Eng 2023; 51:579-593. [PMID: 36070048 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-022-03065-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the most commonly injured knee ligament. Surgical reconstruction is the gold standard treatment for ACL ruptures, but 20-50% of patients develop post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). ACL rupture is thus a well-recognized etiology of PTOA; however, little is known about the initial relationship between ligamentous injury and subsequent PTOA. The goals of this project were to: (1) develop both partial and full models of mid-substance ACL rupture in male and female mice using non-invasive mechanical methods by means of tibial displacement; and (2) to characterize early PTOA changes in the full ACL rupture model. A custom material testing system was utilized to induce either partial or full ACL rupture by means of tibial displacement at 1.6 or 2.0 mm, respectively. Mice were euthanized either (i) immediately post-injury to determine rupture success rates or (ii) 14 days post-injury to evaluate early PTOA progression following full ACL rupture. Our models demonstrated high efficacy in inciting either full or partial ACL rupture in male and female mice within the mid-substance of the ACL. These tools can be utilized for preclinical testing of potential therapeutics and to further our understanding of PTOA following ACL rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel E Timkovich
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, 1682 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1621, USA
| | - Katie J Sikes
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Kendra M Andrie
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, 1682 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1621, USA
| | - Maryam F Afzali
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, 1682 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1621, USA
| | - Joseph Sanford
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, 1682 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1621, USA
| | - Kimberli Fernandez
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - David Joseph Burnett
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Emma Hurley
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Tyler Daniel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, 1682 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1621, USA
| | - Natalie J Serkova
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | | | - Kelly S Santangelo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, 1682 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1621, USA.
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10
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Salman LA, Ahmed G, Dakin SG, Kendrick B, Price A. Osteoarthritis: a narrative review of molecular approaches to disease management. Arthritis Res Ther 2023; 25:27. [PMID: 36800974 PMCID: PMC9938549 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-03006-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic, progressive degenerative whole joint disease that affects the articular cartilage, subchondral bone, ligaments, capsule, and synovium. While it is still believed to be a mechanically driven disease, the role of underlying co-existing inflammatory processes and mediators in the onset of OA and its progression is now more appreciated. Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) is a subtype of OA that occurs secondary to traumatic joint insults and is widely used in pre-clinical models to help understand OA in general. There is an urgent need to develop new treatments as the global burden is considerable and expanding. In this review, we focus on the recent pharmacological advances in the treatment of OA and summarize the most significant promising agents based on their molecular effects. Those are classified here into broad categories: anti-inflammatory, modulation of the activity of matrix metalloproteases, anabolic, and unconventional pleiotropic agents. We provide a comprehensive analysis of the pharmacological advances in each of these areas and highlight future insights and directions in the OA field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loay A Salman
- Present Address: Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Windmill Road, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK. .,Orthopedics Department, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Ghalib Ahmed
- Orthopedics Department, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Stephanie G Dakin
- Present Address: Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Windmill Road, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Benjamin Kendrick
- Present Address: Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Windmill Road, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Andrew Price
- Present Address: Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Windmill Road, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
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11
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Dilley JE, Bello MA, Roman N, McKinley T, Sankar U. Post-traumatic osteoarthritis: A review of pathogenic mechanisms and novel targets for mitigation. Bone Rep 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2023.101658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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12
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Christiansen BA, Chan DD, van der Meulen MCH, Maerz T. Small-Animal Compression Models of Osteoarthritis. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2598:345-356. [PMID: 36355304 PMCID: PMC10521326 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2839-3_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The utility of nonsurgical, mechanical compression-based joint injury models to study osteoarthritis pathogenesis and treatments is increasing. Joint injury may be induced via cyclic compression loading or acute overloading to induce anterior cruciate ligament rupture. Models utilizing mechanical testing systems are highly repeatable, require little expertise, and result in a predictable onset of osteoarthritis-like pathology on a rapidly progressing timeline. In this chapter, we describe the procedures and equipment needed to perform mechanical compression-induced initiation of osteoarthritis in mice and rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaine A Christiansen
- University of California Davis Health, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sacramento, CA, USA.
| | - Deva D Chan
- Purdue University, Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Marjolein C H van der Meulen
- Cornell University, Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering and Sibley School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Tristan Maerz
- University of Michigan, Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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13
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Takahata K, Arakawa K, Enomoto S, Usami Y, Nogi K, Saitou R, Ozone K, Takahashi H, Yoneno M, Kokubun T. Joint instability causes catabolic enzyme production in chondrocytes prior to synovial cells in novel non-invasive ACL ruptured mouse model. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2022; 31:576-587. [PMID: 36528308 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)-deficient model helps to clarify the mechanism of knee osteoarthritis (OA); however, the conventional ACL injury model could have included concurrent onset factors such as direct compression stress to cartilage and subchondral bone. In this study, we established a novel Non-invasive ACL-Ruptured mouse model without concurrent injuries and elucidated the relationship between OA progression and joint instability. DESIGN We induced the ACL-Rupture non-invasively in twelve-week-old C57BL/6 male mice and evaluated histological, macroscopical, and morphological analysis at 0 days. Next, we created the ACL-R, controlled abnormal tibial translation (CATT), and Sham groups. Then, the joint stability and OA pathophysiology were analyzed at 2, 4, and 8 weeks. RESULTS No intra-articular injuries, except for ACL rupture, were observed in the ACL-R model. ACL-R mice increased anterior tibial displacement compared to the Sham group (P < 0.001, 95% CI [-1.509 to -0.966]) and CATT group (P < 0.001, 95% CI [-0.841 to -0.298]) at 8 weeks. All mice in the ACL-R group caused cartilage degeneration. The degree of cartilage degeneration in the ACL-R group was higher than in the CATT group (P = 0.006) at 8 weeks. The MMP-3-positive cell rate of chondrocytes increased in the ACL-R group than CATT group from 4 weeks (P = 0.043; 95% CI [-28.32 to -0.364]) while that of synovial cells increased at 8 weeks (P = 0.031; 95% CI [-23.398 to -1.021]). CONCLUSION We successfully established a Non-invasive ACL-R model without intra-articular damage. Our model revealed that chondrocytes might react to abnormal mechanical stress prior to synovial cells while the knee OA onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Takahata
- Graduate School of Health, Medicine, and Welfare, Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - K Arakawa
- Graduate School of Health, Medicine, and Welfare, Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan.
| | - S Enomoto
- Graduate School of Health, Medicine, and Welfare, Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Y Usami
- Graduate School of Health, Medicine, and Welfare, Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan.
| | - K Nogi
- Graduate School of Health, Medicine, and Welfare, Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan.
| | - R Saitou
- Graduate School of Health, Medicine, and Welfare, Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan.
| | - K Ozone
- University of Tsukuba Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - H Takahashi
- Graduate School of Health, Medicine, and Welfare, Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan.
| | - M Yoneno
- Graduate School of Health, Medicine, and Welfare, Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan.
| | - T Kokubun
- Graduate School of Health, Medicine, and Welfare, Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan; Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Social Services, Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan.
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14
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Interferon-gamma modulates articular chondrocyte and osteoblast metabolism through protein kinase R-independent and dependent mechanisms. Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 32:101323. [PMID: 36105611 PMCID: PMC9464860 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) affects multiple tissues of the synovial joint and is characterised by articular cartilage degeneration and bone remodelling. Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) is implicated in osteoarthritis pathology exerting its biological effects via various mechanisms including activation of protein kinase R (PKR), which has been implicated in inflammation and arthritis. This study investigated whether treatment of articular cartilage chondrocytes and osteoblasts with IFN-γ could induce a degradative phenotype that was mediated through the PKR signalling pathway. IFN-γ treatment of chondrocytes increased transcription of key inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-6), matrix degrading enzymes (MMP-13), the transcription factor STAT1, and PKR. Activation of PKR was involved in the regulation of TNF-α, IL-6, and STAT1. In osteoblasts, IFN-γ increased human and mouse STAT1, and human IL-6 through a mechanism involving PKR. ALP, COL1A1 (human and mouse), RUNX2 (mouse), and PHOSPHO1 (mouse) were decreased by IFN-γ. The number of PKR positive cells were increased in post-traumatic OA (PTOA). This study has revealed that IFN-γ propagates inflammatory and degenerative events in articular chondrocytes and osteoblasts via PKR activation. Since IFN-γ and PKR signalling are both activated in early PTOA, these mechanisms are likely to contribute to joint degeneration after injury and might offer attractive targets for therapeutic intervention. •IFN-γ treatment of chondrocytes increased transcription of TNF-α, IL-6, and STAT1 via PKR activation. •In osteoblasts, IFN-γ increased STAT1 and IL-6 via PKR activation. •The number of PKR positive cells were increased in post-traumatic OA (PTOA). •IFN-γ propagates inflammatory and degenerative events in articular chondrocytes and osteoblasts via PKR activation. •IFN-γ and PKR signalling are both activated in early PTOA and are likely to contribute to joint degeneration after injury.
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15
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Alves-Simões M. Rodent models of knee osteoarthritis for pain research. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2022; 30:802-814. [PMID: 35139423 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2022.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease and a leading cause of disability worldwide. Pain is the main symptom, yet no current treatment can halt disease progression or effectively provide symptomatic relief. Numerous animal models have been described for studying OA and some for the associated OA pain. This review aims to update on current models used for studying OA pain, focusing on mice and rats. These models include surgical, chemical, mechanical, and spontaneous OA models. The impact of sex and age will also be addressed in the context of OA modelling. Although no single animal model has been shown ideal for studying OA pain, increased efforts to phenotype OA will likely impact the choice of models for pre-clinical and basic research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alves-Simões
- Molecular Nociception Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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16
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Terkawi MA, Ebata T, Yokota S, Takahashi D, Endo T, Matsumae G, Shimizu T, Kadoya K, Iwasaki N. Low-Grade Inflammation in the Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms and Strategies for Future Therapeutic Intervention. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051109. [PMID: 35625846 PMCID: PMC9139060 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a musculoskeletal disease characterized by cartilage degeneration and stiffness, with chronic pain in the affected joint. It has been proposed that OA progression is associated with the development of low-grade inflammation (LGI) in the joint. In support of this principle, LGI is now recognized as the major contributor to the pathogenesis of obesity, aging, and metabolic syndromes, which have been documented as among the most significant risk factors for developing OA. These discoveries have led to a new definition of the disease, and OA has recently been recognized as a low-grade inflammatory disease of the joint. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)/alarmin molecules, the major cellular components that facilitate the interplay between cells in the cartilage and synovium, activate various molecular pathways involved in the initiation and maintenance of LGI in the joint, which, in turn, drives OA progression. A better understanding of the pathological mechanisms initiated by LGI in the joint represents a decisive step toward discovering therapeutic strategies for the treatment of OA. Recent findings and discoveries regarding the involvement of LGI mediated by DAMPs in OA pathogenesis are discussed. Modulating communication between cells in the joint to decrease inflammation represents an attractive approach for the treatment of OA.
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17
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Turlo AJ, McDermott BT, Barr ED, Riggs CM, Boyde A, Pinchbeck GL, Clegg PD. Gene expression analysis of subchondral bone, cartilage, and synovium in naturally occurring equine palmar/plantar osteochondral disease. J Orthop Res 2022; 40:595-603. [PMID: 33993513 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease of the entire joint but the relationship between pathological events in various joint tissues is poorly understood. We examined concurrent changes in bone, cartilage, and synovium in a naturally occurring equine model of joint degeneration. Joints (n = 64) were grossly assessed for palmar/plantar osteochondral disease (POD) in racehorses that required euthanasia for unrelated reasons and assigned a grade of 0 (n = 34), 1 (n = 17), 2 or 3 (n = 13) using a recognized grading scheme. Synovium, cartilage, and subchondral bone were collected for histological and gene expression analysis. Relations between POD grade, cartilage histological score, and gene expression levels were examined using one-way analysis of variance or Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman's correlation coefficient with corrections for multiple comparisons. Cartilage histological score increased in joints with POD grade 1 (p = 0.002) and 2 or 3 (p < 0.001) compared to 0. At grade 1, expression of COL1A1, COL2A1, and MMP1 increased and BGN decreased in subchondral bone while expression of BGN and ACAN decreased in cartilage. These changes further progressed at grades 2 and 3. POD grades 2 and 3 were associated with decreased expression of osteoclast inhibitor OPG and increased markers of cartilage degeneration (MMP13, COL1A1). Expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor decreased with POD grade and negatively correlated with cartilage histological score. Synovium showed no histological or transcriptomic changes related to pathology grade. Cartilage degeneration in POD is likely to be secondary to remodeling of the subchondral bone. Limited activation of proinflammatory and catabolic genes and moderate synovial pathology suggests distinct molecular phenotype of POD compared with OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka J Turlo
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Benjamin T McDermott
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Chris M Riggs
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Services, Hong Kong Jockey Club, Sha Tin Racecourse, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Alan Boyde
- Dental Physical Sciences, Oral BioEngineering, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Campus, London, UK
| | - Gina L Pinchbeck
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Peter D Clegg
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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18
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Mechanical Cues: Bidirectional Reciprocity in the Extracellular Matrix Drives Mechano-Signalling in Articular Cartilage. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413595. [PMID: 34948394 PMCID: PMC8707858 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition and organisation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), particularly the pericellular matrix (PCM), in articular cartilage is critical to its biomechanical functionality; the presence of proteoglycans such as aggrecan, entrapped within a type II collagen fibrillar network, confers mechanical resilience underweight-bearing. Furthermore, components of the PCM including type VI collagen, perlecan, small leucine-rich proteoglycans—decorin and biglycan—and fibronectin facilitate the transduction of both biomechanical and biochemical signals to the residing chondrocytes, thereby regulating the process of mechanotransduction in cartilage. In this review, we summarise the literature reporting on the bidirectional reciprocity of the ECM in chondrocyte mechano-signalling and articular cartilage homeostasis. Specifically, we discuss studies that have characterised the response of articular cartilage to mechanical perturbations in the local tissue environment and how the magnitude or type of loading applied elicits cellular behaviours to effect change. In vivo, including transgenic approaches, and in vitro studies have illustrated how physiological loading maintains a homeostatic balance of anabolic and catabolic activities, involving the direct engagement of many PCM molecules in orchestrating this slow but consistent turnover of the cartilage matrix. Furthermore, we document studies characterising how abnormal, non-physiological loading including excessive loading or joint trauma negatively impacts matrix molecule biosynthesis and/or organisation, affecting PCM mechanical properties and reducing the tissue’s ability to withstand load. We present compelling evidence showing that reciprocal engagement of the cells with this altered ECM environment can thus impact tissue homeostasis and, if sustained, can result in cartilage degradation and onset of osteoarthritis pathology. Enhanced dysregulation of PCM/ECM turnover is partially driven by mechanically mediated proteolytic degradation of cartilage ECM components. This generates bioactive breakdown fragments such as fibronectin, biglycan and lumican fragments, which can subsequently activate or inhibit additional signalling pathways including those involved in inflammation. Finally, we discuss how bidirectionality within the ECM is critically important in enabling the chondrocytes to synthesise and release PCM/ECM molecules, growth factors, pro-inflammatory cytokines and proteolytic enzymes, under a specified load, to influence PCM/ECM composition and mechanical properties in cartilage health and disease.
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19
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Mason D, Englund M, Watt FE. Prevention of posttraumatic osteoarthritis at the time of injury: Where are we now, and where are we going? J Orthop Res 2021; 39:1152-1163. [PMID: 33458863 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This overview of progress made in preventing post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) was delivered in a workshop at the Orthopaedics Research Society Annual Conference in 2019. As joint trauma is a major risk factor for OA, defining the molecular changes within the joint at the time of injury may enable the targeting of biological processes to prevent later disease. Animal models have been used to test therapeutic targets to prevent PTOA. A review of drug treatments for PTOA in rodents and rabbits between 2016 and 2018 revealed 11 systemic interventions, 5 repeated intra-articular or topical interventions, and 5 short-term intra-articular interventions, which reduced total Osteoarthritis Research Society International scores by 30%-50%, 20%-70%, and 0%-40%, respectively. Standardized study design, reporting of effect size, and quality metrics, alongside a "whole joint" approach to assessing efficacy, would improve the translation of promising new drugs. A roadblock to translating preclinical discoveries has been the lack of guidelines on the design and conduct of human trials to prevent PTOA. An international workshop addressing this in 2016 considered inclusion criteria and study design, and advocated the use of experimental medicine studies to triage candidate treatments and the development of early biological and imaging biomarkers. Human trials for the prevention of PTOA have tested anakinra after anterior cruciate ligament rupture and dexamethasone after radiocarpal injury. PTOA offers a unique opportunity for defining early mechanisms of OA to target therapeutically. Progress in trial design and high-quality preclinical research, and allegiance with patients, regulatory bodies, and the pharmaceutical industry, will advance this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Mason
- Biomechanics and Bioengineeering Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Martin Englund
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopedics, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Lund Unversity, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fiona E Watt
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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20
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Feltham T, Paudel S, Lobao M, Schon L, Zhang Z. Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Suppresses Synovial Macrophage Infiltration and Inflammation in Injured Knees in Rats. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2021; 47:1045-1053. [PMID: 33423862 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate how low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) suppresses traumatic joint inflammation and thereafter affects the progression of posttraumatic osteoarthritis. Intra-articular fracture (IAF) was created in the right knee of rats. LIPUS was applied to the knees with IAFs for 20 min/d for 2 wk-LIPUS(+) group. The study controls included rats that underwent sham surgery but no LIPUS treatment (control group) or underwent IAF surgery without LIPUS treatment-LIPUS(-) group. By histology, at 4 wk, leukocyte infiltration in the synovium was reduced in the LIPUS(+) group. Furthermore, LIPUS treatment reduced CD68+ macrophages in the synovium and limited their distribution mostly in the subintimal synovium. Measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the joint fluid of the LIPUS(+) group was reduced to about one-third that in the LIPUS(-) group. By reducing synovial macrophages and lowering IL-1β in the joint fluid, LIPUS is potentially therapeutic for posttraumatic osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Feltham
- Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine-Georgia, Suwanee, Georgia, USA
| | - Sharada Paudel
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Mario Lobao
- Columbia Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lew Schon
- Institute for Foot & Ankle Reconstruction, Mercy Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zijun Zhang
- Center for Orthopaedic Innovation, Mercy Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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21
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Wang J, Huang Y, Huang L, Shi K, Wang J, Zhu C, Li L, Zhang L, Feng G, Liu L, Song Y. Novel biomarkers of intervertebral disc cells and evidence of stem cells in the intervertebral disc. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2021; 29:389-401. [PMID: 33338640 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rat intervertebral disc (IVD) is one of the most commonly used and cost-effective alternative models for human IVD. Many IVD related clinical studies need to be pre-tested on rat IVDs. However, studies on the heterogeneous cell clusters of the rat IVD are inadequate, and a further understanding of the marker genes and cell phenotypes of healthy mature IVD cells is essential. METHODS In this study, we used the 10X Genomics technology to analyze the single-cell transcriptome of purified wild-type rat IVDs. RESULTS We identified potentially new gene markers of IVDs via single-cell sequencing. Based on the unsupervised cluster analysis of 13,578 single-cell transcripts, 3 known IVD cell types were identified. We provided a complete single-cell gene expression map of the IVD. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence images of rat disc sections confirmed the new marker genes of all cell types. One group of heterologous cell groups expressed multi-functional stem cell (MSC)-specific genes, indicating the stem cell potential of IVD cells. CONCLUSION We provided the phenotype and marker genes of IVD cells at the single-cell level, reconfirmed existing data, and proposed new marker genes, including MSC marker genes. By identifying more accurate target cells and genes, our results pave the way for further study of the response of individual disc cells to disease states and provide the basis for future disc regeneration therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Y Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - L Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - K Shi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - J Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - C Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - L Li
- Department of Science and Technology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - L Zhang
- Analytical and Testing Center, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - G Feng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - L Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Y Song
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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22
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Current thinking in the study of posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) is overviewed: the osteoarthritis which follows acute joint injury. The review particularly highlights important publications in the last 18 months, also reflecting on key older literature, in terms of what have we have we learned and have yet to learn from PTOA, which can advance the osteoarthritis field as a whole. RECENT FINDINGS PTOA is a mechanically driven disease, giving insight into mechanical drivers for osteoarthritis. A mechanosensitive molecular tissue injury response (which includes activation of pain, degradative and also repair pathways) is triggered by acute joint injury and seen in osteoarthritis. Imaging features of PTOA are highly similar to osteoarthritis, arguing against it being a different phenotype. The inflammatory pathways activated by injury contribute to early joint symptoms. However, later structural changes appear to be dissociated from traditional measures of synovial inflammation. SUMMARY PTOA remains an important niche in which to understand processes underlying osteoarthritis and seek interventional targets. Whether PTOA has true molecular or clinical differences to osteoarthritis as a whole remains to be understood. This knowledge is important for a field where animal modelling of the disease relies heavily on the link between injury and osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona E Watt
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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23
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Lawrence EA, Hammond CL, Blain EJ. Potential of zebrafish as a model to characterise MicroRNA profiles in mechanically mediated joint degeneration. Histochem Cell Biol 2020; 154:521-531. [PMID: 32935147 PMCID: PMC7609428 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-020-01918-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mechanically mediated joint degeneration and cartilage dyshomeostasis is implicated in highly prevalent diseases such as osteoarthritis. Increasingly, MicroRNAs are being associated with maintaining the normal state of cartilage, making them an exciting and potentially key contributor to joint health and disease onset. Here, we present a summary of current in vitro and in vivo models which can be used to study the role of mechanical load and MicroRNAs in joint degeneration, including: non-invasive murine models of PTOA, surgical models which involve ligament transection, and unloading models based around immobilisation of joints or removal of load from the joint through suspension. We also discuss how zebrafish could be used to advance this field, namely through the availability of transgenic lines relevant to cartilage homeostasis and the ability to accurately map strain through the cartilage, enabling the response of downstream MicroRNA targets to be followed dynamically at a cellular level in areas of high and low strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Lawrence
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
| | - Chrissy L Hammond
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Emma J Blain
- Biomechanics and Bioengineering Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
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24
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Stadnik PS, Gilbert SJ, Tarn J, Charlton S, Skelton AJ, Barter MJ, Duance VC, Young DA, Blain EJ. Regulation of microRNA-221, -222, -21 and -27 in articular cartilage subjected to abnormal compressive forces. J Physiol 2020; 599:143-155. [PMID: 33052608 PMCID: PMC8132181 DOI: 10.1113/jp279810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Key points microRNAs (miRs) are small non‐coding molecules that regulate post‐transcriptional target gene expression. miRs are involved in regulating cellular activities in response to mechanical loading in all physiological systems, although it is largely unknown whether this response differs with increasing magnitudes of load. miR‐221, miR‐222, miR‐21‐5p and miR‐27a‐5p were significantly increased in ex vivo cartilage explants subjected to increasing load magnitude and in in vivo joint cartilage exposed to abnormal loading. TIMP3 and CPEB3 are putative miR targets in chondrocytes Identification of mechanically regulated miRs that have potential to impact on tissue homeostasis provides a mechanism by which load‐induced tissue behaviour is regulated, in both health and pathology, in all physiological systems.
Abstract MicroRNAs (miRs) are small non‐coding molecules that regulate post‐transcriptional target gene expression and are involved in mechano‐regulation of cellular activities in all physiological systems. It is unknown whether such epigenetic mechanisms are regulated in response to increasing magnitudes of load. The present study investigated mechano‐regulation of miRs in articular cartilage subjected to ‘physiological’ and ‘non‐physiological’ compressive loads in vitro as a model system and validated findings in an in vivo model of abnormal joint loading. Bovine full‐depth articular cartilage explants were loaded to 2.5 MPa (physiological) or 7 MPa (non‐physiological) (1 Hz, 15 min) and mechanically‐regulated miRs identified using next generation sequencing and verified using a quantitative PCR. Downstream targets were verified using miR‐specific mimics or inhibitors in conjunction with 3′‐UTR luciferase activity assays. A subset of miRs were mechanically‐regulated in ex vivo cartilage explants and in vivo joint cartilage. miR‐221, miR‐222, miR‐21‐5p and miR‐27a‐5p were increased and miR‐483 levels decreased with increasing load magnitude. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP3) and cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 3 (CPEB3) were identified as putative downstream targets. Our data confirm miR‐221 and ‐222 mechano‐regulation and demonstrates novel mechano‐regulation of miR‐21‐5p and miR‐27a‐5p in ex vivo and in vivo cartilage loading models. TIMP3 and CPEB3 are putative miR targets in chondrocytes. Identification of specific miRs that are regulated by increasing load magnitude, as well as their potential to impact on tissue homeostasis, has direct relevance to other mechano‐sensitive physiological systems and provides a mechanism by which load‐induced tissue behaviour is regulated, in both health and pathology. microRNAs (miRs) are small non‐coding molecules that regulate post‐transcriptional target gene expression. miRs are involved in regulating cellular activities in response to mechanical loading in all physiological systems, although it is largely unknown whether this response differs with increasing magnitudes of load. miR‐221, miR‐222, miR‐21‐5p and miR‐27a‐5p were significantly increased in ex vivo cartilage explants subjected to increasing load magnitude and in in vivo joint cartilage exposed to abnormal loading. TIMP3 and CPEB3 are putative miR targets in chondrocytes Identification of mechanically regulated miRs that have potential to impact on tissue homeostasis provides a mechanism by which load‐induced tissue behaviour is regulated, in both health and pathology, in all physiological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina S Stadnik
- Biomechanics and Bioengineering Research Centre Versus Arthritis, Biomedicine Division, School of Biosciences, The Sir Martin Evans Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Sophie J Gilbert
- Biomechanics and Bioengineering Research Centre Versus Arthritis, Biomedicine Division, School of Biosciences, The Sir Martin Evans Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Jessica Tarn
- Skeletal Research Group, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sarah Charlton
- Skeletal Research Group, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Andrew J Skelton
- Skeletal Research Group, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Matthew J Barter
- Skeletal Research Group, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Victor C Duance
- Biomechanics and Bioengineering Research Centre Versus Arthritis, Biomedicine Division, School of Biosciences, The Sir Martin Evans Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - David A Young
- Skeletal Research Group, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Emma J Blain
- Biomechanics and Bioengineering Research Centre Versus Arthritis, Biomedicine Division, School of Biosciences, The Sir Martin Evans Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
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25
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Bonnet CS, Gilbert SJ, Blain EJ, Williams AS, Mason DJ. AMPA/kainate glutamate receptor antagonists prevent posttraumatic osteoarthritis. JCI Insight 2020; 5:134055. [PMID: 32544091 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.134055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal disorders represent the third greatest burden in terms of death and disability in the developed world. Osteoarthritis is the single greatest cause of chronic pain, has no cure, and affects 8.5 and 27 million people in the UK and US, respectively. Osteoarthritis is most prevalent in older people, but as it commonly occurs after joint injury, young people with such injuries are also susceptible. Painful joints are often treated with steroid or hyaluronic acid (HA) injections, but treatments to prevent subsequent joint degeneration remain elusive. In animals, joint injury increases glutamate release into the joint, acting on nerves to cause pain, and joint tissues to cause inflammation and degeneration. This study investigated synovial fluid glutamate concentrations and glutamate receptor (GluR) expression in injured human joints and compared the efficacy of GluR antagonists with current treatments in a mouse model of injury-induced osteoarthritis (ACL rupture). GluRs were expressed in the ligaments and meniscus after knee injury, and synovial fluid glutamate concentrations ranged from 19 to 129 μM. Intra-articular injection of NBQX (GluR antagonist) at the time of injury substantially reduced swelling and degeneration in the mouse ACL rupture model. HA had no effect, and Depo-Medrone reduced swelling for 1 day but increased degeneration by 50%. Intra-articular administration of NBQX modified both symptoms and disease to a greater extent than current treatments. There is an opportunity for repurposing related drugs, developed for CNS disorders and with proven safety in humans, to prevent injury-induced osteoarthritis. This could quickly reduce the substantial burden associated with osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleo S Bonnet
- School of Biosciences.,Biomechanics and Bioengineering Research Centre Versus Arthritis, and
| | - Sophie J Gilbert
- School of Biosciences.,Biomechanics and Bioengineering Research Centre Versus Arthritis, and
| | - Emma J Blain
- School of Biosciences.,Biomechanics and Bioengineering Research Centre Versus Arthritis, and
| | - Anwen S Williams
- Biomechanics and Bioengineering Research Centre Versus Arthritis, and.,School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah J Mason
- School of Biosciences.,Biomechanics and Bioengineering Research Centre Versus Arthritis, and
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26
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Brown SB, Hornyak JA, Jungels RR, Shah YY, Yarmola EG, Allen KD, Sharma B. Characterization of Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis in Rats Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture by Non-Invasive Knee Injury (NIKI). J Orthop Res 2020; 38:356-367. [PMID: 31520482 PMCID: PMC8596306 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Small animal models are essential for studying anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, one of the leading risk factors for post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). Non-surgical models of ACL rupture have recently surged as a new tool to study PTOA, as they circumvent the confounding effects of surgical disruption of the joint. These models primarily have been explored in mice and rabbits, but are relatively understudied in rats. The purpose of this work was to establish a non-invasive, mechanical overload model of ACL rupture in the rat and to study the disease pathogenesis following the injury. ACL rupture was induced via non-invasive tibial compression in Lewis rats. Disease state was characterized for 4 months after ACL rupture via histology, computed tomography, and biomarker capture from the synovial fluid. The non-invasive knee injury (NIKI) model created consistent ACL ruptures without direct damage to other tissues and resulted in conventional OA pathology. NIKI knees exhibited structural changes as early as 4 weeks post-injury, including regional structural changes to cartilage, chondrocyte and cartilage disorganization, changes to the bone architecture, synovial hyperplasia, and the increased presence of biomarkers of cartilage fragmentation and pro-inflammatory cytokines. These results suggest that this model can be a valuable tool to study PTOA. By establishing the fundamental pathogenesis of this injury, additional opportunities are created to evaluate unique contributing factors and potential therapeutic interventions for this disease. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:356-367, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon B. Brown
- University of Florida 1275 Center Drive, Biomedical Sciences Building, JG‐56 Gainesville Florida 32611
| | - Jessica A. Hornyak
- University of Florida 1275 Center Drive, Biomedical Sciences Building, JG‐56 Gainesville Florida 32611
| | - Ryan R. Jungels
- University of Florida 1275 Center Drive, Biomedical Sciences Building, JG‐56 Gainesville Florida 32611
| | - Yash Y. Shah
- University of Florida 1275 Center Drive, Biomedical Sciences Building, JG‐56 Gainesville Florida 32611
| | - Elena G. Yarmola
- University of Florida 1275 Center Drive, Biomedical Sciences Building, JG‐56 Gainesville Florida 32611
| | - Kyle D. Allen
- University of Florida 1275 Center Drive, Biomedical Sciences Building, JG‐56 Gainesville Florida 32611
| | - Blanka Sharma
- University of Florida 1275 Center Drive, Biomedical Sciences Building, JG‐56 Gainesville Florida 32611
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27
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Orozco GA, Tanska P, Florea C, Grodzinsky AJ, Korhonen RK. A novel mechanobiological model can predict how physiologically relevant dynamic loading causes proteoglycan loss in mechanically injured articular cartilage. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15599. [PMID: 30348953 PMCID: PMC6197240 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33759-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage provides low-friction properties and plays an essential role in diarthrodial joints. A hydrated ground substance composed mainly of proteoglycans (PGs) and a fibrillar collagen network are the main constituents of cartilage. Unfortunately, traumatic joint loading can destroy this complex structure and produce lesions in tissue, leading later to changes in tissue composition and, ultimately, to post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). Consequently, the fixed charge density (FCD) of PGs may decrease near the lesion. However, the underlying mechanisms leading to these tissue changes are unknown. Here, knee cartilage disks from bovine calves were injuriously compressed, followed by a physiologically relevant dynamic compression for twelve days. FCD content at different follow-up time points was assessed using digital densitometry. A novel cartilage degeneration model was developed by implementing deviatoric and maximum shear strain, as well as fluid velocity controlled algorithms to simulate the FCD loss as a function of time. Predicted loss of FCD was quite uniform around the cartilage lesions when the degeneration algorithm was driven by the fluid velocity, while the deviatoric and shear strain driven mechanisms exhibited slightly discontinuous FCD loss around cracks. Our degeneration algorithm predictions fitted well with the FCD content measured from the experiments. The developed model could subsequently be applied for prediction of FCD depletion around different cartilage lesions and for suggesting optimal rehabilitation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo A Orozco
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Petri Tanska
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Cristina Florea
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Departments of Biological Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alan J Grodzinsky
- Departments of Biological Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rami K Korhonen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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