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Salehiamin M, Ghoraishizadeh S, Habibpour A, Tafreshi S, Abolhasani MM, Shemiranykia Z, Sefat KK, Esmaeili J. Simultaneous usage of sulforaphane nanoemulsion and tannic acid in ternary chitosan/gelatin/PEG hydrogel for knee cartilage tissue engineering: In vitro and in vivo study. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132692. [PMID: 38806085 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of tissue engineering in addressing articular cartilage defects has been a focal point of research for numerous years. Despite its promising outlook, a persistent challenge within this domain is the lack of sufficient functional integration between engineered and natural tissues. This study introduces a novel approach that employs a combination of sulforaphane (SFN) nanoemulsion and tannic acid to enhance cartilage tissue engineering and promote tissue integration in a rat knee cartilage defect model. To substantiate our hypothesis, we conducted a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments. The SFN nanoemulsion was characterized using DLS, zeta potential, and TEM analyses. Subsequently, it was incorporated into a ternary polymer hydrogel composed of chitosan, gelatin, and polyethylene glycol. We evaluated the hydrogel with (H-SFN) and without (H) the SFN nanoemulsion through a comprehensive set of physicochemical, mechanical, and biological analyses. For the in vivo study, nine male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: no implant (Ctrl), H, and H-SFN. After inducing a cartilage defect, the affected area was treated with tannic acid and subsequently implanted with the hydrogels. Four weeks post-implantation, the harvested cartilage underwent histological examination employing H&E, safranin O/fast green, alcian blue, and immunohistochemistry staining techniques. Our results revealed that the SFN nanodroplets had an average diameter of 75 nm and a surface charge of -11.58 mV. Moreover, degradation, swelling rates, hydrophilicity, and elasticity features of the hydrogel incorporating SFN were improved. Histopathological analysis indicated a higher production of GAGs and collagen in the H-SFN group. Furthermore, the H-SFN group exhibited superior cartilage regeneration and tissue integration compared to the Ctrl and H groups. In conclusion, the findings of this study suggest the importance of considering cell protective properties in the fabrication of scaffolds for knee cartilage defects, emphasizing the potential significance of the proposed SFN nanoemulsion and tannic acid approach in advancing the field of cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Salehiamin
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Tissue Engineering Center, TISSUEHUB CO., Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ava Habibpour
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadaf Tafreshi
- Hygienics Department, Biomedical Engineering, Tehran Medical Sciences Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Materials Department, Biomedical Engineering, Materials and Energy Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Abolhasani
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Biomaterials Group, Department of Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials, Materials & Energy Research Center (MERC), Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Karim Kaveh Sefat
- Department of Agronomy, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Javad Esmaeili
- Tissue Engineering Center, TISSUEHUB CO., Tehran, Iran; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Arak University, Arak, Iran.
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2
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Trengove A, Duchi S, Onofrillo C, Sooriyaaratchi D, Di Bella C, O'Connor AJ. Bridging bench to body: ex vivo models to understand articular cartilage repair. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2024; 86:103065. [PMID: 38301593 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
With little to no ability to self-regenerate, human cartilage defects of the knee remain a major clinical challenge. Tissue engineering strategies include delivering specific types of cells and biomaterials to the injured cartilage for restoration of architecture and function. Pre-clinical models to test the efficacy of the therapies come with high costs and ethical issues, and imperfect prediction of performance in humans. Ex vivo models represent an alternative avenue to trial cartilage tissue engineering. Defined as viable explanted cartilage samples, ex vivo models can be cultured with a cell-laden biomaterial or tissue-engineered construct to evaluate cartilage repair. Though human and animal ex vivo models are currently used in the field, there is a need for alternative methods to assess the strength of integration, to increase throughput and manage variability and to optimise and standardise culture conditions, enhancing the utility of these models overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Trengove
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Graeme Clark Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; BioFab3D@ACMD, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Serena Duchi
- BioFab3D@ACMD, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carmine Onofrillo
- BioFab3D@ACMD, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dulani Sooriyaaratchi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Graeme Clark Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; BioFab3D@ACMD, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Claudia Di Bella
- BioFab3D@ACMD, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia; Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrea J O'Connor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Graeme Clark Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; BioFab3D@ACMD, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.
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3
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Wang Z, Zhang W, Bai G, Lu Q, Li X, Zhou Y, Yang C, Xiao Y, Lang M. Highly resilient and fatigue-resistant poly(4-methyl- ε-caprolactone) porous scaffold fabricated via thiol-yne photo-crosslinking/salt-templating for soft tissue regeneration. Bioact Mater 2023; 28:311-325. [PMID: 37334070 PMCID: PMC10275743 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Elastomeric scaffolds, individually customized to mimic the structural and mechanical properties of natural tissues have been used for tissue regeneration. In this regard, polyester elastic scaffolds with tunable mechanical properties and exceptional biological properties have been reported to provide mechanical support and structural integrity for tissue repair. Herein, poly(4-methyl-ε-caprolactone) (PMCL) was first double-terminated by alkynylation (PMCL-DY) as a liquid precursor at room temperature. Subsequently, three-dimensional porous scaffolds with custom shapes were fabricated from PMCL-DY via thiol-yne photocrosslinking using a practical salt template method. By manipulating the Mn of the precursor, the modulus of compression of the scaffold was easily adjusted. As evidenced by the complete recovery from 90% compression, the rapid recovery rate of >500 mm min-1, the extremely low energy loss coefficient of <0.1, and the superior fatigue resistance, the PMCL20-DY porous scaffold was confirmed to harbor excellent elastic properties. In addition, the high resilience of the scaffold was confirmed to endow it with a minimally invasive application potential. In vitro testing revealed that the 3D porous scaffold was biocompatible with rat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), inducing BMSCs to differentiate into chondrogenic cells. In addition, the elastic porous scaffold demonstrated good regenerative efficiency in a 12-week rabbit cartilage defect model. Thus, the novel polyester scaffold with adaptable mechanical properties may have extensive applications in soft tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaochuang Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Department of Oral Surgery of Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
| | - Guo Bai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Department of Oral Surgery of Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
| | - Qiaohui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Yan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Chi Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Department of Oral Surgery of Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
| | - Yan Xiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Meidong Lang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
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Demott C, Jones MR, Chesney CD, Grunlan MA. Adhesive Hydrogel Building Blocks to Reconstruct Complex Cartilage Tissues. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:1952-1960. [PMID: 36881710 PMCID: PMC10848198 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Cartilage has an intrinsically low healing capacity, thereby requiring surgical intervention. However, limitations of biological grafting and existing synthetic replacements have prompted the need to produce cartilage-mimetic substitutes. Cartilage tissues perform critical functions that include load bearing and weight distribution, as well as articulation. These are characterized by a range of high moduli (≥1 MPa) as well as high hydration (60-80%). Additionally, cartilage tissues display spatial heterogeneity, resulting in regional differences in stiffness that are paramount to biomechanical performance. Thus, cartilage substitutes would ideally recapitulate both local and regional properties. Toward this goal, triple network (TN) hydrogels were prepared with cartilage-like hydration and moduli as well as adhesivity to one another. TNs were formed with either an anionic or cationic 3rd network, resulting in adhesion upon contact due to electrostatic attractive forces. With the increased concentration of the 3rd network, robust adhesivity was achieved as characterized by shear strengths of ∼80 kPa. The utility of TN hydrogels to form cartilage-like constructs was exemplified in the case of an intervertebral disc (IVD) having two discrete but connected zones. Overall, these adhesive TN hydrogels represent a potential strategy to prepare cartilage substitutes with native-like regional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor
J. Demott
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M
University, College
Station, Texas 77843-3003, United States
| | - McKenzie R. Jones
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M
University, College
Station, Texas 77843-3003, United States
| | - Caleb D. Chesney
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M
University, College
Station, Texas 77843-3003, United States
| | - Melissa A. Grunlan
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M
University, College
Station, Texas 77843-3003, United States
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College
Station, Texas 77843-3003, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3003, United States
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5
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Uzieliene I, Bironaite D, Pachaleva J, Bagdonas E, Sobolev A, Tsai WB, Kvedaras G, Bernotiene E. Chondroitin Sulfate-Tyramine-Based Hydrogels for Cartilage Tissue Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3451. [PMID: 36834862 PMCID: PMC9961510 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The degradation of cartilage, due to trauma, mechanical load or diseases, results in abundant loss of extracellular matrix (ECM) integrity and development of osteoarthritis (OA). Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a member of the highly sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and a primary component of cartilage tissue ECM. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of mechanical load on the chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MCSs) encapsulated into CS-tyramine-gelatin (CS-Tyr/Gel) hydrogel in order to evaluate the suitability of this composite for OA cartilage regeneration studies in vitro. The CS-Tyr/Gel/BM-MSCs composite showed excellent biointegration on cartilage explants. The applied mild mechanical load stimulated the chondrogenic differentiation of BM-MSCs in CS-Tyr/Gel hydrogel (immunohistochemical collagen II staining). However, the stronger mechanical load had a negative effect on the human OA cartilage explants evaluated by the higher release of ECM components, such as the cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) and GAGs, compared to the not-compressed explants. Finally, the application of the CS-Tyr/Gel/BM-MSCs composite on the top of the OA cartilage explants decreased the release of COMP and GAGs from the cartilage explants. Data suggest that the CS-Tyr/Gel/BM-MSCs composite can protect the OA cartilage explants from the damaging effects of external mechanical stimuli. Therefore, it can be used for investigation of OA cartilage regenerative potential and mechanisms under the mechanical load in vitro with further perspectives of therapeutic application in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Uzieliene
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Daiva Bironaite
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jolita Pachaleva
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Edvardas Bagdonas
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arkadij Sobolev
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
| | - Wei-Bor Tsai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 104, Taiwan
| | - Giedrius Kvedaras
- Clinic of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics Traumatology and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Eiva Bernotiene
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
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6
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Demott CJ, Jones MR, Chesney CD, Yeisley DJ, Culibrk RA, Hahn MS, Grunlan MA. Ultra-High Modulus Hydrogels Mimicking Cartilage of the Human Body. Macromol Biosci 2022; 22:e2200283. [PMID: 36040017 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The human body is comprised of numerous types of cartilage with a range of high moduli, despite their high hydration. Owing to the limitations of cartilage tissue healing and biological grafting procedures, synthetic replacements have emerged but are limited by poorly matched moduli. While conventional hydrogels can achieve similar hydration to cartilage tissues, their moduli are substantially inferior. Herein, triple network (TN) hydrogels are prepared to synergistically leverage intra-network electrostatic repulsive and hydrophobic interactions, as well as inter-network electrostatic attractive interactions. They are comprised of an anionic 1st network, a neutral 2nd network (capable of hydrophobic associations), and a cationic 3rd network. Collectively, these interactions act synergistically as effective, yet dynamic crosslinks. By tuning the concentration of the cationic 3rd network, these TN hydrogels achieve high moduli of ≈1.5 to ≈3.5 MPa without diminishing cartilage-like water contents (≈80%), strengths, or toughness values. This unprecedented combination of properties poises these TN hydrogels as cartilage substitutes in applications spanning articulating joints, intervertebral discs (IVDs), trachea, and temporomandibular joint disc (TMJ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor J Demott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3003, USA
| | - McKenzie R Jones
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3003, USA
| | - Caleb D Chesney
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3003, USA
| | - Daniel J Yeisley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180-3590, USA
| | - Robert A Culibrk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180-3590, USA
| | - Mariah S Hahn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180-3590, USA
| | - Melissa A Grunlan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, and Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3003, USA
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7
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New Insights into Cartilage Tissue Engineering: Improvement of Tissue-Scaffold Integration to Enhance Cartilage Regeneration. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:7638245. [PMID: 35118158 PMCID: PMC8807044 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7638245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Distinctive characteristics of articular cartilage such as avascularity and low chondrocyte conversion rate present numerous challenges for orthopedists. Tissue engineering is a novel approach that ameliorates the regeneration process by exploiting the potential of cells, biodegradable materials, and growth factors. However, problems exist with the use of tissue-engineered construct, the most important of which is scaffold-cartilage integration. Recently, many attempts have been made to address this challenge via manipulation of cellular, material, and biomolecular composition of engineered tissue. Hence, in this review, we highlight strategies that facilitate cartilage-scaffold integration. Recent advances in where efficient integration between a scaffold and native cartilage could be achieved are emphasized, in addition to the positive aspects and remaining problems that will drive future research.
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8
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Link JM, Hu JC, Athanasiou KA. Chondroitinase ABC Enhances Integration of Self-Assembled Articular Cartilage, but Its Dosage Needs to Be Moderated Based on Neocartilage Maturity. Cartilage 2021; 13:672S-683S. [PMID: 32441107 PMCID: PMC8804832 DOI: 10.1177/1947603520918653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To enhance the in vitro integration of self-assembled articular cartilage to native articular cartilage using chondroitinase ABC. DESIGN To examine the hypothesis that chondroitinase ABC (C-ABC) integration treatment (C-ABCint) would enhance integration of neocartilage of different maturity levels, this study was conducted in 2 phases. In phase I, the impact on integration of 2 treatments, TCL (TGF-β1, C-ABC, and lysyl oxidase like 2) and C-ABCint, was examined via a 2-factor, full factorial design. In phase II, construct maturity (2 levels) and C-ABCint concentration (3 levels) were the factors in a full factorial design to determine whether the effective C-ABCint dose was dependent on neocartilage maturity level. Neocartilages formed or treated per the factors above were placed into native cartilage rings, cultured for 2 weeks, and, then, integration was studied histologically and mechanically. Prior to integration, in phase II, a set of treated constructs were also assayed to provide a baseline of properties. RESULTS In phase I, C-ABCint and TCL treatments synergistically enhanced interface Young's modulus by 6.2-fold (P = 0.004) and increased interface tensile strength by 3.8-fold (P = 0.02) compared with control. In phase II, the interaction of the factors C-ABCint and construct maturity was significant (P = 0.0004), indicating that the effective C-ABCint dose to improve interface Young's modulus is dependent on construct maturity. Construct mechanical properties were preserved regardless of C-ABCint dose. CONCLUSIONS Applying C-ABCint to neocartilage is an effective integration strategy with translational potential, provided its dose is calibrated appropriately based on implant maturity, that also preserves implant biomechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarrett M. Link
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jerry C. Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kyriacos A. Athanasiou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
University of California, Irvine, CA, USA,Kyriacos A. Athanasiou, Distinguished
Professor Henry Samueli Chair, Director, DELTAi (Driving
Engineering and Life-science Translational Advances @ Irvine), Department of
Biomedical Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of
California, 3418 Engineering Hall, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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9
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Wei W, Dai H. Articular cartilage and osteochondral tissue engineering techniques: Recent advances and challenges. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:4830-4855. [PMID: 34136726 PMCID: PMC8175243 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In spite of the considerable achievements in the field of regenerative medicine in the past several decades, osteochondral defect regeneration remains a challenging issue among diseases in the musculoskeletal system because of the spatial complexity of osteochondral units in composition, structure and functions. In order to repair the hierarchical tissue involving different layers of articular cartilage, cartilage-bone interface and subchondral bone, traditional clinical treatments including palliative and reparative methods have showed certain improvement in pain relief and defect filling. It is the development of tissue engineering that has provided more promising results in regenerating neo-tissues with comparable compositional, structural and functional characteristics to the native osteochondral tissues. Here in this review, some basic knowledge of the osteochondral units including the anatomical structure and composition, the defect classification and clinical treatments will be first introduced. Then we will highlight the recent progress in osteochondral tissue engineering from perspectives of scaffold design, cell encapsulation and signaling factor incorporation including bioreactor application. Clinical products for osteochondral defect repair will be analyzed and summarized later. Moreover, we will discuss the current obstacles and future directions to regenerate the damaged osteochondral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Honglian Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Foshan Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Xianhu Hydrogen Valley, Foshan, 528200, China
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10
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Trengove A, Di Bella C, O'Connor AJ. The Challenge of Cartilage Integration: Understanding a Major Barrier to Chondral Repair. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2021; 28:114-128. [PMID: 33307976 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2020.0244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Articular cartilage defects caused by injury frequently lead to osteoarthritis, a painful and costly disease. Despite widely used surgical methods to treat articular cartilage defects and a plethora of research into regenerative strategies as treatments, long-term clinical outcomes are not satisfactory. Failure to integrate repair tissue with native cartilage is a recurring issue in surgical and tissue-engineered strategies, seeing eventual degradation of the regenerated or surrounding tissue. This review delves into the current understanding of why continuous and robust integration with native cartilage is so difficult to achieve. Both the intrinsic limitations of chondrocytes to remodel injured cartilage, and the significant challenges posed by a compromised biomechanical environment are described. Recent scaffold and cell-based techniques to repair cartilage are also discussed, and limitations of existing methods to evaluate integrative repair. In particular, the importance of evaluating the mechanical integrity of the interface between native and repair tissue is highlighted as a meaningful assessment of any strategy to repair this load-bearing tissue. Impact statement The failure to integrate grafts or biomaterials with native cartilage is a major barrier to cartilage repair. An in-depth understanding of the reasons cartilage integration remains a challenge is required to inform cartilage repair strategies. In particular, this review highlights that integration of cartilage repair strategies is frequently assessed in terms of the continuity of tissue, but not the mechanical integrity. Given the load-bearing nature of cartilage, evaluating integration in terms of interfacial strength is essential to assessing the potential success of cartilage repair methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Trengove
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Claudia Di Bella
- Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Orthopedics, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrea J O'Connor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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11
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Monaco G, El Haj AJ, Alini M, Stoddart MJ. Ex Vivo Systems to Study Chondrogenic Differentiation and Cartilage Integration. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2021; 6:E6. [PMID: 33466400 PMCID: PMC7838775 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk6010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage injury and repair is an issue of growing importance. Although common, defects of articular cartilage present a unique clinical challenge due to its poor self-healing capacity, which is largely due to its avascular nature. There is a critical need to better study and understand cellular healing mechanisms to achieve more effective therapies for cartilage regeneration. This article aims to describe the key features of cartilage which is being modelled using tissue engineered cartilage constructs and ex vivo systems. These models have been used to investigate chondrogenic differentiation and to study the mechanisms of cartilage integration into the surrounding tissue. The review highlights the key regeneration principles of articular cartilage repair in healthy and diseased joints. Using co-culture models and novel bioreactor designs, the basis of regeneration is aligned with recent efforts for optimal therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziana Monaco
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, CH-7270 Davos Platz, Switzerland; (G.M.); (M.A.)
- School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering Research, University of Keele, Keele ST5 5BG, UK;
| | - Alicia J. El Haj
- School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering Research, University of Keele, Keele ST5 5BG, UK;
- Healthcare Technology Institute, Translational Medicine, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK
| | - Mauro Alini
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, CH-7270 Davos Platz, Switzerland; (G.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Martin J. Stoddart
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, CH-7270 Davos Platz, Switzerland; (G.M.); (M.A.)
- School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering Research, University of Keele, Keele ST5 5BG, UK;
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12
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Rodeo SA, Monibi F, Dehghani B, Maher S. Biological and Mechanical Predictors of Meniscus Function: Basic Science to Clinical Translation. J Orthop Res 2020; 38:937-945. [PMID: 31799733 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Progressive knee joint degeneration occurs following removal of a torn meniscus. However, there is significant variability in the rate of development of post-meniscectomy osteoarthritis (OA). While there is no current consensus on the risk factors for development of knee OA in patients with meniscus tears, it is likely that both biological and biomechanical factors play critical roles. In this perspective paper, we review the mechanical and the biological predictors of the response of the knee to partial meniscectomy. We review the role of patient-based studies, in vivo animal models, cadaveric models, bioreactor systems, and statistically augmented computational models for the study of meniscus function and post-meniscectomy OA, providing insight into the important interplay between biomechanical and biologic factors. We then discuss the clinical translation of these concepts for "biologic augmentation" of meniscus healing and meniscus replacement. Ultimately, collaborative studies between engineers, biologists, and clinicians is the optimal way to improve our understanding of meniscus pathology and response to injury and/or disease, and to facilitate effective translation of laboratory findings to improved treatments for our patients. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:937-945, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Rodeo
- Orthopaedic Soft Tissue Research Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Farrah Monibi
- Orthopaedic Soft Tissue Research Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Bijan Dehghani
- Orthopaedic Soft Tissue Research Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Suzanne Maher
- Orthopaedic Soft Tissue Research Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
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