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Carter CL, Jones JW, Barrow K, Kieta K, Taylor-Howell C, Kearney S, Smith CP, Gibbs A, Farese AM, MacVittie TJ, Kane MA. A MALDI-MSI Approach to the Characterization of Radiation-Induced Lung Injury and Medical Countermeasure Development. HEALTH PHYSICS 2015; 109:466-78. [PMID: 26425906 PMCID: PMC4745118 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000000353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced lung injury is highly complex and characterized by multiple pathologies, which occur over time and sporadically throughout the lung. This complexity makes biomarker investigations and medical countermeasure screenings challenging. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) has the ability to resolve differences spatially in molecular profiles within the lung following radiation exposure and can aid in biomarker identification and pharmaceutical efficacy investigations. MALDI-MSI was applied to the investigation of a whole-thorax lung irradiation model in non-human primates (NHP) for lipidomic analysis and medical countermeasure distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L. Carter
- University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Jace W. Jones
- University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Kory Barrow
- University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Kaitlyn Kieta
- University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Cheryl Taylor-Howell
- University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Sean Kearney
- University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Cassandra P. Smith
- University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Allison Gibbs
- University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Ann M. Farese
- University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Thomas J. MacVittie
- University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Maureen A. Kane
- University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
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Ramos CIV, Pereira PMR, Santana-Marques MG, De Paula R, Simões MMQ, Neves MGPMS, Cavaleiro JAS. Imidazole and imidazolium porphyrins: gas-phase chemistry of multicharged ions. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2014; 49:371-379. [PMID: 24809898 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry in the positive ion mode was used to investigate the gas-phase chemistry of multicharged ions from solutions of porphyrins with 1,3-dimethylimidazolium-2-yl (DMIM) and 1-methylimidazol-2-yl (MIm) meso-substituents. The studied compounds include two free bases and 12 complexes with transition metals (Cu(II), Zn(II), Mn(III), and Fe(III)). The observed multicharged ions are either preformed or formed during the electrospraying process by reduction or protonation and comprise closed-shell and hypervalent mono-radical and bi-radical ions. The observed extensive and abundant fragmentation of the DMIM and MIm meso-substituents is a characteristic feature of these porphyrins. Fragments with the same mass values can be lost from the meso-substituents either as charged or neutral species and from closed-shell and hypervalent radical ions. Reduction processes are observed for both the free bases and the metallated DMIM porphyrins and occur predominantly by formation of hypervalent radicals that fragment, at low energy collisions, by loss of methyl radicals with formation of the corresponding MIm functionalities. These findings confirm that, when using electrospray ionization, reduction is an important characteristic of cationic meso-substituted tetrapyrrolic macrocycles, always occurring when delocalization of the formed hypervalent radicals is possible. For the Fe(III) and Mn(III) complexes, reduction of the metal centers is also observed as the predominant fragmentation of the corresponding reduced ions through losses of charged fragments testifies. The fragmentation of the closed-shell ions formed by protonation of the MIm porphyrins mirrors the fragmentation of the closed-shell ions of their DMIM counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina I V Ramos
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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Rebouças JS, de Carvalho MEMD, Idemori YM. Perhalogenated 2-pyridylporphyrin complexes: synthesis, self-coordinating aggregation properties, and catalytic studies. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424602000087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of 2, 3, 7, 8, 12, 13, 17, 18-octabromo-meso-tetrakis(2-pyridyl)porphyrin, H 2 Br 8 T 2 PyP , is described, including the comparison of four attempted methods for the demetallation of ZnBr 8 T 2 PyP . One of the methods represents a strategy of demetallation based on the acid-base properties of the macrocycle, the solvent-dependent kinetics of metal insertion into porphyrins and the pH -dependent solubility of the 2-pyridylporphyrin derivatives in water. Self-coordinating aggregation of ZnBr 8 T 2 PyP in non-coordinating solvents was verified by 1 H NMR spectroscopy. The Mn(III)/Mn(II) redox potential for MnBr 8 T 2 PyPCl is 0.38 V higher than the reduction potential measured for its first-generation analogue, MnT 2 PyPCl . Cyclohexane hydroxylation by iodosylbenzene was performed in CH3 CN catalyzed by MnBr 8 T 2 PyPCl and MnT 2 PyPCl . MnBr 8 T 2 PyPCl was highly active, even at low concentration (5 × 10−5 M ), but perhalogenation did not account for oxidative robustness. At such a low catalyst concentration, MnT 2 PyPCl exhibited no activity as inferred by comparison to blank experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlio S. Rebouças
- Departamento de Química - ICEx - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Ynara M. Idemori
- Departamento de Química - ICEx - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Machado AE, Gomes WR, Araújo DM, Miglio HS, Ueno LT, Paula RD, Cavaleiro JA, Neto NMB. Synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of two tetrasubstituted cationic porphyrin derivatives. Molecules 2011; 16:5807-21. [PMID: 21743388 PMCID: PMC6264253 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16075807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2011] [Revised: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An imidazolium tetrasubstituted cationic porphyrin derivative (the free base and its Zn(II) complex) with five-membered heterocyclic groups in the meso-positions were synthesized using microwave irradiation, and the compounds obtained characterized by 1H-NMR and mass spectrometry. We observed that under microwave irradiation the yield is similar to when the synthesis is performed under conventional heating, however, the time required to prepare the porphyrins decreases enormously. In order to investigate the electronic state of these compounds, we employed UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy combined with quantum chemical calculations. The results reveal the presence, in both compounds, of a large number of electronic states involving the association between the Soret and a blue-shifted band. The Soret band in both compounds also shows a considerable solvent dependence. As for emission, these compounds present low quantum yield at room temperature and no solvent influence on the fluorescence spectra was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio E.H. Machado
- Laboratório de Fotoquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, P.O. Box 593, CEP 38400-902 Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +55-34-3239-4428; Fax: +55-34-3239-4208
| | - Weverson R. Gomes
- Laboratório de Fotoquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, P.O. Box 593, CEP 38400-902 Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Diesley M.S. Araújo
- Laboratório de Fotoquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, P.O. Box 593, CEP 38400-902 Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Hércules S. Miglio
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil;
| | - Leonardo T. Ueno
- Faculdade de Ciências Integradas do Pontal, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Ituiutaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil;
| | - Rodrigo De Paula
- Centro de Formação de Professores, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Amargosa, Bahia, Brazil;
- Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal;
| | | | - Newton M. Barbosa Neto
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, P.O. Box 593; CEP 38400-902 Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil;
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Ramos CIV, Santana-Marques MG, Ferrer Correia AJ, Tomé JPC, Alonso CM, Tomé AC, Neves MGPMS, Cavaleiro JAS. Reduction and adduct formation from electrosprayed solutions of porphyrin salts. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2008; 43:806-813. [PMID: 18205238 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The solutions of four meso-tetrakis(N-alkylpyridinium-4-yl)porphyrin salts and of the p-toluenesulfonate salt of meso-tetrakis(4-trimethylammoniumphenyl)porphyrin, in methanol, were studied by electrospray mass spectrometry, in order to investigate the influence of the type of counter ion, the length of the substituent N-alkyl groups of the four (N-alkylpyridinium-4-yl)porphyrins and the presence of an aromatic (alkylpyridinium) or aliphatic (trimethylammonium) nitrogen, in ion formation. In our experimental conditions, adducts with the counter ions were formed only for the meso-tetrakis(4-trimethylammoniumphenyl)porphyrin and were not observed for the other porphyrins, even when the counter ion was the same. In contrast, formation of reduced species, such as the [M(4+) + e(-)]3+, [M(4+) + 2e(-)]2+, [M(4+) + 4e(-) + 2H(+)]2+, and [M(4+) + 5e(-) + 2H(+)]+ ions was observed only for the (N-alkylpyridinium-4-yl)porphyrins and the appearance of these species is apparently solvent related and may occur via counter ion/solvent adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina I V Ramos
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Ramos CIV, Santana Marques MG, Correia AJF, Serra VV, Tomé JPC, Tomé AC, Neves MGPMS, Cavaleiro JAS. Reduction of cationic free-base meso-tris-N-methylpyridinium-4-yl porphyrins in positive mode electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2007; 18:762-8. [PMID: 17293123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2006.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2006] [Revised: 12/22/2006] [Accepted: 12/26/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Reductions involving more than one electron with formation of the M+ and [M+2H]+ ions were observed for electrosprayed meso-tris(N-methylpyridinium-4-yl)porphyrin iodides, MI3. These reductions were studied by using different solvents and flow rates. Formation of the [M+2H]+ ions occurred only for protic solvents and to a larger extent at lower flow rates. The type of the fourth substituent does not seem to affect the reduction processes. Formation of the two reduced species, M+ and [M+2H]+ ions, may occur through the participation of counter ion/solvent clusters. Reduction of multiply charged, non-metallated species with formation of [M+nH]+ ions (n > 1) was not observed before in positive mode electrospray mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina I V Ramos
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
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Izquierdo RA, Barros CM, Santana-Marques MG, Ferrer-Correia AJ, Silva EMP, Giuntini F, Faustino MAF, Tomé JPC, Tomé AC, Silva AMS, Neves GPMS, Cavaleiro JAS, Peixoto AF, Pereira MM, Pais AACC. Characterization of isomeric cationic porphyrins with beta-pyrrolic substituents by electrospray mass spectrometry: the singular behavior of a potential virus photoinactivator. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2007; 18:218-25. [PMID: 17070697 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2006.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2006] [Revised: 09/17/2006] [Accepted: 09/17/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) have been used to differentiate the 2- and 4-methylpyridyl isomers of free-base and metallated cationic beta-vinylpyridylporphyrins. The analysis by ESI-MS/MS of the deuterated analogs and semiempirical calculations of structural and electronic parameters were also undertaken. The two free-base isomers are easily differentiated by ESI-MS/MS but the presence of a metallic center renders differentiation of the metallated isomers less effective. The data acquired show that of all the studied compounds, the free-base 2-methylpyridyl isomer, which was operative in the in vitro photoinactivation of Herpes simples virus, has a different gas-phase behavior. Local distortion of the macrocycle due to the presence of the beta-vinylpyridyl substituent occurs for all the compounds, but a different electron density distribution can account for the observed gas-phase behavior of this potential virus photoinactivator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul A Izquierdo
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
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Kachadourian R, Menzeleev R, Agha B, Bocckino SB, Day BJ. High-performance liquid chromatography with spectrophotometric and electrochemical detection of a series of manganese(III) cationic porphyrins. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2002; 767:61-7. [PMID: 11863296 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(01)00531-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed potent pharmacological activities of manganese-containing cationic porphyrins. An analytical method employing high-performance liquid chromatography with spectrophotometric and electrochemical detection (HPLC-UV/EC) suitable for in vivo applications is described for a series of manganese(III) cationic porphyrins with good separation and resolution. In particular, this method resolved the four atropisomers of manganese(III) meso-tetrakis(N-ethylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin (MnTE-2-PyP5+ or AEOL-10113), verified by mass spectrometry. Electrochemical and spectrophotometric methods of detection were compared using manganese(III) meso-tetrakis(1,3-diethylimidazolium-2-yl)porphyrin (MnTDE-2-ImP5+ or AEOL-10150), the lead catalytic antioxidant of this series. Both methods of detection were quantitative, but electrochemical detection, although less specific for in vivo applications, appears to be considerably more sensitive than spectrophotometric detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remy Kachadourian
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, CO 80206, USA
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Batinić-Haberle I, Spasojević I, Stevens RD, Hambright P, Fridovich I. Manganese(iii) meso-tetrakis(ortho-N-alkylpyridyl)porphyrins. Synthesis, characterization, and catalysis of O2˙− dismutation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1039/b201057g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Bibliography. Current literature in mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2001; 36:1241-1248. [PMID: 11747122 DOI: 10.1002/jms.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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