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Cheung DH, Schneider CR, Um IS. The role of community pharmacy in wound care: a scoping review. J Wound Care 2023; 32:728-737. [PMID: 37907355 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2023.32.11.728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To scope the literature describing the role of pharmacy in wound care in the community setting. METHOD A systematic scoping review was conducted including peer-reviewed and grey literature. A search was undertaken using CINAHL, Embase, Informit, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts and MEDLINE, and a Google search of the top 200 results via three virtual private networks were used to identify relevant grey literature. Keywords relating to pharmacy, pharmacist, wound, wound management and wound care were used. Descriptions of wound care activities were extracted, grouped by similarity, and mapped to the International Pharmaceutical Federation's (FIP) Global Competency Framework Version 2 (GbCFv2). RESULTS Of 2928 potentially relevant articles and 600 web search results, 55 articles from the database search and 11 results from the Google search met the eligibility criteria. After mapping 14 identified roles to the FIP GbCFv2, it was apparent that the scope of practice for wound care spanned across all four competency domains: pharmaceutical public health; pharmaceutical care; professional/personal; and organisational and management. CONCLUSION The role of community pharmacy in wound care is multifaceted and within the scope of entry-level competency for pharmacists. These roles comprise wound related and non-wound-specific, clinical and non-clinical activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Hk Cheung
- The University of Sydney School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Carl R Schneider
- The University of Sydney School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Irene S Um
- The University of Sydney School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Strowel C, Raynes-Greenow C, Pham L, Carter S, Birkness K, Moles RJ, O'Reilly CL, Chen TF, Raduescu C, Murphy A, Gardner D, El-Den S. Perinatal depression screening in community pharmacy: Exploring pharmacists' roles, training and resource needs using content analysis. Int J Clin Pharm 2023; 45:1212-1222. [PMID: 37792255 PMCID: PMC10600310 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-023-01647-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perinatal depression (PND) screening is often recommended in primary care settings, which includes the community pharmacy setting. However, there is limited research exploring pharmacists' perspectives on their roles in screening for perinatal mental illness. AIM This study aimed to explore pharmacists' views of pharmacists' roles in PND screening, as well as training and resource needs for PND screening in community pharmacy settings. METHOD A questionnaire including three open-ended questions focusing on pharmacists' perspectives of their role in PND screening, their training, and resource needs in this area, was disseminated to pharmacists across Australia via professional organisations and social media. Each open-ended question was separately analysed by inductive content analysis. Subcategories were deductively mapped to the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability. RESULTS Responses (N = 149) from the first open-ended question about pharmacists' roles in PND screening resulted in three categories (PND screening in primary care settings will support the community, community pharmacy environment, and system and policy changes) and ten subcategories. Responses to question two on training needs (n = 148) were categorised as: training content, training length, and training delivery while responses about resource needs (n = 147) fell into three categories: adapting community pharmacy operating structures, pharmacist-specific resources, and consumer-specific resources. CONCLUSION While some pharmacists were accepting of a role in PND screening due to pharmacists' accessibility and positive relationships with consumers, others had concerns regarding whether PND screening was within pharmacists' scope of practice. Further training and resources are needed to facilitate pharmacists' roles in PND screening, referral and care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Strowel
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Camille Raynes-Greenow
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lily Pham
- The University of Sydney School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen Carter
- The University of Sydney School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Rebekah J Moles
- The University of Sydney School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Claire L O'Reilly
- The University of Sydney School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Timothy F Chen
- The University of Sydney School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Corina Raduescu
- The University of Sydney Business School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Andrea Murphy
- College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - David Gardner
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Sarira El-Den
- The University of Sydney School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Terry D, Peck B, Phan H. Totally devoted to you: A qualitative study examining the experiences of sacrifice among pharmacists in rural and regional areas. Res Social Adm Pharm 2023; 19:793-799. [PMID: 36858903 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2023.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The health of rural and regional communities is routinely identified as poor and access to healthcare services is often limited. Rural and regional pharmacists are well placed to deliver a variety of high-quality services to their community, however there is a limited examination of the complexities of their role in rural contexts. This study seeks to examine the types of personal sacrifices and what impact these may have among pharmacists working in rural and regional communities of Australia. METHOD A qualitative approach was adopted to examine the experiences of pharmacists working in public health service and private community pharmacies across 13 rural communities in Australia. Purposive sampling was used to recruit pharmacists as part of a larger study examining the efficacy of a workforce recruitment tool (PharmCAQ). As part of the development of the tool, a one-on-one interview were conducted. RESULTS A total of 20 participants were recruited. Two major themes emerged: Above all the community and More than just a script monkey that embodies the experiences of pharmacists. Centred around self-sacrifice, the first theme captures the tension that is experienced by these professionals as they tread an unsustainable path for the benefit of the community. The second theme provides some insights into the complex nature of the rural and regional context that is juxtaposed with that of their urban counterparts. CONCLUSION Pharmacist in rural and regional areas offer a highly skilled and accessible resource to better address the growing needs of those living in rural and regional areas. Despite the opportunities that exist to expand the role of pharmacists in these areas and to capitalise on their expertise, there is a growing need to find ever better ways to support those who support others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Terry
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Southern Queensland, Queensland, Australia; Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University Australia, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Blake Peck
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University Australia, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hoang Phan
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Northern Territory, Australia
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Taylor S, Cairns A, Glass BD. Feasibility, accessibility and acceptability a pharmacist-led ear health intervention at rural community pharmacies (LISTEN UP): a mixed-methods study in Queensland, Australia. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e057011. [PMID: 35365533 PMCID: PMC8977761 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ear disease in rural and remote communities is occurring at high rates, with limited access to health services and health providers contributing to the problem. Community pharmacists are well-placed to provide expanded services to improve ear health in rural communities. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility, accessibility and acceptability of a pharmacist-led intervention for ear disease in consumers presenting to community pharmacy. DESIGN Prospective preintervention and postintervention mixed-methods study. An ethnographic lens of rural culture was applied to the descriptive qualitative component of the study. SETTING Two rural community pharmacies in Queensland, Australia. PARTICIPANTS People aged 6 months or older, who present with an ear complaint to a participating community pharmacy. INTERVENTION LISTEN UP (Locally Integrated Screening and Testing Ear aNd aUral Programme) is a community pharmacy-based intervention to improve the management of ear health. Trained pharmacists conducted ear examinations using otoscopy and tympanometry on consumers following a LISTEN UP protocol. They made recommendations including no treatment, pharmacy only products or general practitioner (GP) referral. Consumers were contacted 7 days later for follow-up. RESULTS 55 rural consumers participated in the study. The most commonly reported complaints were 'blocked ear' and 'ear pain'. Pharmacists recommended over-the-counter products to two-thirds of the participants and referred one quarter to a GP. 90% (50/55) of the consumers were highly satisfied with the service and would recommend the service. All consumers described the service positively with particular reference to convenience, improved confidence and appreciation of the knowledge gained about their ear complaint. Pharmacists were motivated to upskill and manage workflow to incorporate the service and expected both consumers and GPs to be more accepting of future expanded services as a result of LISTEN UP. However, without funding to provide the service, during the study other remunerated pharmacy tasks took priority over providing LISTEN UP. CONCLUSION Rural community pharmacists can provide an acceptable and accessible ear health service; however, it is not feasible without a clear funding structure to provide resources including additional pharmacists, equipment and training. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12620001297910.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina Taylor
- Centre for Rural and Remote Health Mount Isa, James Cook University, Mount Isa, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alice Cairns
- Centre for Rural and Remote Health Mount Isa, James Cook University, Mount Isa, Queensland, Australia
| | - Beverley Dawn Glass
- Pharmacy, James Cook University Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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Patient Perceptions on Receiving Vaccination Services through Community Pharmacies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052538. [PMID: 35270231 PMCID: PMC8909877 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
(1) Introduction: Pharmacists are medical professionals who play an active role in the protection of public health. Since 2021, pharmacists with an appropriate certification have been authorised to administer vaccines against COVID-19. (2) Objective: The objective of this study was to ascertain the perceptions of patients about receiving vaccinations through community pharmacies. (3) Material and methods: This study was conducted in 2021. The research tool was an anonymous questionnaire published on the websites of patient organisations. Ultimately, 1062 patients participated in this study. (4) Results: This study shows that most of the respondents find community pharmacies more accessible than outpatient clinics (85.3%). Sixty-one percent of the respondents stated that getting vaccinated at pharmacies would be less time consuming than at outpatient clinics. Nearly every third respondent (29.5%) declared that they would get vaccinated if they received such a recommendation from a pharmacist. Fifty-six percent of the respondents were of the opinion that the administration of vaccines by pharmacists would relieve the burden on medical staff and the healthcare system. (5) Conclusions: Polish patients participating in the study have a positive attitude towards the implementation of vaccination services in community pharmacies as an effective way of combating infectious diseases.
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Taylor S, Cairns A, Glass B. Expanded Pharmacy Practice Implementation: Lessons from Remote Practice. PHARMACY 2022; 10:15. [PMID: 35076642 PMCID: PMC8788525 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy10010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study is to explore pharmacist perspectives of the implementation of a community pharmacy-based ear health service in rural communities. METHOD A community pharmacy-based health service model was designed and developed to provide an accessible ear care service (LISTEN UP-Locally Integrated Screening and Testing Ear aNd aUral Program) and pharmacist's perspectives of the implementation of LISTEN UP were explored. Thematic analysis was conducted and data coded according to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. RESULTS A total of 20 interviews were conducted with 10 pharmacists, averaging 30 min. Visualistion of the ear canal was reported as the greatest advantage of the service, whilst the time required for documentation reported as a complexity. The number of pharmacists working at one time and the availability of a private consultation room were identified as the two limiting factors for execution. On reflection, the need for government funding for service viability and sustainability was highlighted. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION Expanded pharmacy practice is emerging for the Australian pharmacy profession. Rural community pharmacists are recognised as integral members of healthcare teams, providing accessible medication supply and health advice to seven million people in Australia who call rural and remote regions home. However, there are no structured models supporting them to provide expanded services to improve health outcomes in their communities. This study provides lessons learnt to guide future design and development of expanded models of pharmacy practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina Taylor
- Centre for Rural and Remote Health, James Cook University, Mount Isa, QLD 4825, Australia
| | - Alice Cairns
- Centre for Rural and Remote Health, James Cook University, Weipa, QLD 4874, Australia;
| | - Beverley Glass
- Pharmacy Department, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4825, Australia;
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Taylor SM, Cairns A, Glass BD. Expanded practice for rural community pharmacy: what are we waiting for? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACY PRACTICE 2021; 30:86-88. [PMID: 34791306 DOI: 10.1093/ijpp/riab072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To synthesise stakeholder (consumer, pharmacist and health professional) perspectives of expanded pharmacy practice in rural and remote community pharmacy. METHODS Comparison of perspectives of stakeholder groups identified by four studies has highlighted the expected outcomes and anticipated barriers to expanded pharmacy practice. Aligning the studies has identified priority areas of health for which pharmacists may be able to provide expanded service delivery. KEY FINDINGS Expanded pharmacy services are supported by consumers, pharmacists and health professionals and are expected to improve health outcomes for rural and remote populations. Barriers will need to be overcome for expanded services to be sustainable in the future. CONCLUSION The pharmacy profession will need to undertake a paradigm shift to professional practice and work towards this should begin to reduce the health inequality for rural populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina M Taylor
- Centre for Rural and Remote Health - Mount Isa, Mount Isa, QLD, Australia
| | - Alice Cairns
- Centre for Rural and Remote Health - Weipa, Trunding, Weipa, QLD, Australia
| | - Beverley D Glass
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
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McDonald J, Morris C, Pledger M, Dunn P, Fa'asalele Tanuvasa A, Smiler K, Cumming J. A national survey of pharmacists and interns in Aotearoa New Zealand: provision and views of extended services in community pharmacies. BMC Health Serv Res 2021; 21:1147. [PMID: 34688303 PMCID: PMC8540874 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-021-07158-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Changes in pharmacy models of care, services and funding have been occurring internationally, moving away from the traditional dispensing role to more extended patient-facing roles utilising pharmacists’ clinical skills. This study aimed to identify the extended services offered by community pharmacy in Aotearoa New Zealand and the barriers and facilitators to extended services provision. The study is unique in that it includes intern (pre-registration) pharmacists. Methods An online survey, conducted in 2018, of all pharmacists and intern (pre-registration) pharmacists working in a community pharmacy. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and regression analyses. Results The results are based on replies from 553 community pharmacists and 59 intern pharmacists (response rate: 19 and 26% respectively). Both pharmacists (83%) and interns (85%) want to work at the top of their scope of practice. Wide variation exists in the specific services individual pharmacists offer. Most pharmacists were accredited to supply the emergency contraceptive pill (95%), sildenafil for erectile dysfunction (86%) and trimethoprim for uncomplicated urinary tract infection (85%). Fewer were able to immunise (34%) or to supply selected oral contraceptives (44%). Just under a quarter could provide a Medicines Use Review (MUR) or Community Pharmacy Anticoagulation Management Service (CPAMS). Of the pharmacists not already accredited, 85% intended to gain accreditation to supply selected oral contraceptives, 40% to become vaccinators, 37% to offer CPAMS and 30% MUR. Interns expressed strong interest in becoming accredited for all extended services. Poisson regression analyses showed key factors supporting the likelihood of providing extended services were owner and management support and appropriate space and equipment. Being excited about the opportunities in community pharmacy, having employer funding and time for training and sufficient support staff were also statistically significant. Conclusions Pharmacists need time and a supportive management structure to enable them to deliver extended services. Health policy with a greater strategic emphasis on funding services and pharmacist training, and developing technician support roles, will help to minimise or eliminate some of the barriers to role expansion both in Aotearoa New Zealand and internationally. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12913-021-07158-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet McDonald
- Health Services Research Centre, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand.
| | - Caroline Morris
- Department of Primary Health Care and General Practice, University of Otago, Wellington, PO Box 7343, Wellington, 6242, New Zealand
| | - Megan Pledger
- Health Services Research Centre, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - Phoebe Dunn
- Health Services Research Centre, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - Ausaga Fa'asalele Tanuvasa
- Health Services Research Centre, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - Kirsten Smiler
- Health Services Research Centre, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - Jacqueline Cumming
- Health Services Research Centre, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
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Taylor S, Cairns A, Glass B. Developing an Ear Health Intervention for Rural Community Pharmacy: Application of the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:6456. [PMID: 34203663 PMCID: PMC8296273 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Unaddressed hearing loss affects an estimated 466 million people worldwide, costing over $750 billion globally, with rural communities being particularly disadvantaged, due to the greater inequity in access to healthcare services. This mixed-methods study aimed to use the PRECEDE-PROCEED model to develop and pilot a rural community pharmacy-based ear health service, LISTEN UP (Locally Integrated Screening and Testing Ear aNd aUral Program). The PRECEDE process involved an assessment of the predisposing, reinforcing and enabling constructs to support practice change through a scoping review, stakeholder surveys and interviews and consultation with governing bodies and regulatory authorities. The PROCEED segment structured the evaluation of the service pilot and informed planned implementation, process, impact and outcome evaluation. The pilot study conducted in February 2021 included 20 participants, with the most common ear complaints presented being pain, pressure or blockage. All these participants reported high levels of satisfaction with the service, would recommend the service to others and would attend the pharmacy first before seeing a GP for future ear complaints. The PRECEDE-PROCEED model provides a comprehensive model to guide the design of the LISTEN UP program, an innovative model, expanding services offered by rural community pharmacies, with preliminary results demonstrating high consumer satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina Taylor
- Centre for Rural and Remote Health—Mount Isa, 100 Joan Street, Mount Isa 4825, Australia
| | - Alice Cairns
- Centre for Rural and Remote Health—Weipa, 407 John Evans Drive, Trunding 4874, Australia;
| | - Beverley Glass
- Pharmacy College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia;
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Taylor SM, Cairns A, Mantzourani E, Glass BD. LISTEN UP (Locally Integrated Screening and Testing Ear aNd aUral Programme): a feasibility study protocol for a community pharmacy-based ear health intervention. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2021; 7:124. [PMID: 34127060 PMCID: PMC8200546 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-021-00856-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ear disease is a major cause of preventable hearing loss and is very common in rural communities, estimated to affect 1.3 million Australians. Rural community pharmacists are well placed to provide improved ear health care to people who are unable to easily access a general practitioner (GP). The purpose of this study is to apply an ear health intervention to the rural community-pharmacy setting in Queensland, Australia, to improve the management of ear disease. The aims are the following: (1) to evaluate the feasibility, potential effectiveness and acceptability of a community pharmacy-based intervention for ear health, (2) to evaluate the use of otoscopy and tympanometry by pharmacists in managing ear complaints in community pharmacy and (3) to evaluate the extended role of rural pharmacists in managing ear complaints, with the potential to expand nationally to improve minor ailment management in rural communities. METHODS/DESIGN This is a longitudinal pre- and post-test study of a community-pharmacy-based intervention with a single cohort of up to 200 patients from two rural community pharmacies. Usual care practices pertaining to the management of ear complaints will be recorded prior to the intervention for 8 weeks. The intervention will then be piloted for 6 weeks, followed by a 12 month impact study. Patients aged > 13 years presenting to the pharmacies with an ear complaint will be invited to participate. Trained pharmacists will conduct an examination including a brief history, hearing screening, otoscopy and tympanometry assessments. Patients will be referred to a general practitioner (GP) if required, according to the study protocol. Patients will complete a satisfaction survey and receive a follow-up phone call at 7 days to explore outcomes including prescribed medications and referrals. Pharmacists and GPs will complete pre- and post- intervention interviews. Patient, pharmacist and GP data will be analysed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis for the qualitative data. DISCUSSION This study will demonstrate the implementation of a screening and referring ear health intervention in rural community pharmacy. Feasibility, potential effectiveness and acceptability of the intervention will be assessed. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry Number: ACTRN12620001297910 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina Maree Taylor
- Centre for Rural and Remote Health - Mount Isa, 100 Joan Street, Mount Isa, QLD Australia
| | - Alice Cairns
- Centre for Rural and Remote Health - Weipa, 407 John Evans Drive, Trunding, QLD Australia
| | - Efi Mantzourani
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
- Primary Care, NHS Wales Informatics Service, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Beverley D. Glass
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD Australia
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