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Sun B, Paraskevopoulos G, Min J, Rossdeutcher R, Ghosh S, Quinn B, Lin M, Sarkar D, Sukumaran D, Wang Y, Vávrová K, Lovell JF, Zhang Y. Topical Drug Delivery of Concentrated Cabazitaxel in an α-Tocopherol and DMSO Solution. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302658. [PMID: 37555802 PMCID: PMC10582425 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Topical chemotherapy approaches are relevant for certain skin cancer treatments. This study observes that cabazitaxel (CTX), a broad-spectrum second-generation taxane cytotoxic agent, can be dissolved in α-tocopherol at high concentrations exceeding 100 mg mL-1 . 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis and molecular dynamics (MD) are used to study this phenomenon. The addition of 30% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to the α-tocopherol/CTX solution improves its working viscosity and enhances CTX permeation through human skin in vitro (over 5 µg cm-2 within 24 h), while no detectable drug permeates when CTX is dissolved in α-tocopherol alone. In a transepidermal water loss assay, the barrier impairment induced by CTX in 30% DMSO in α-tocopherol, but not in pure DMSO, is reversible 8 h after the formulation removal from the skin surface. Antitumor efficacy of the topical CTX formulation is evaluated in nude mice bearing A431 human squamous carcinoma skin cancer xenografts. With topical application of concentrated CTX solutions (75 mg mL-1 ), tumor growth is significantly suppressed compared to lower concentration groups (0, 25, or 50 mg mL-1 CTX). Taken together, these findings show that topical delivery of CTX using a DMSO and α-tocopherol solvent warrants further study as a treatment for skin malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyKey Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education)Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education)State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringTianjin UniversityTianjin300350P. R. China
| | - Georgios Paraskevopoulos
- Skin Barrier Research GroupFaculty of PharmacyCharles UniversityAkademika Heyrovského 1203Hradec Králové50005Czech Republic
| | - Jiwei Min
- School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyKey Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education)Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education)State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringTianjin UniversityTianjin300350P. R. China
| | - Robert Rossdeutcher
- Department of ChemistryState University of New York at BuffaloBuffaloNY14260USA
| | - Sanjana Ghosh
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringState University of New York at BuffaloBuffaloNY14260USA
| | - Breandan Quinn
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringState University of New York at BuffaloBuffaloNY14260USA
| | - Meng‐Hsuan Lin
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringState University of New York at BuffaloBuffaloNY14260USA
| | - Debanjan Sarkar
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringState University of New York at BuffaloBuffaloNY14260USA
| | - Dinesh Sukumaran
- Department of ChemistryState University of New York at BuffaloBuffaloNY14260USA
| | - Yuefei Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyKey Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education)Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education)State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringTianjin UniversityTianjin300350P. R. China
| | - Kateřina Vávrová
- Skin Barrier Research GroupFaculty of PharmacyCharles UniversityAkademika Heyrovského 1203Hradec Králové50005Czech Republic
| | - Jonathan F. Lovell
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringState University of New York at BuffaloBuffaloNY14260USA
| | - Yumiao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyKey Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education)Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education)State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringTianjin UniversityTianjin300350P. R. China
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Yang ZY, Yuan F, Lu S, Xu W, Wu JW, Xi WQ, Shi M, Wang ZQ, Ni ZT, He CY, Yao XX, Zheng YN, Zhu ZL, Liu WT, Zhang J, Zhang H, Li C, Yan C, Yan M, Zhu ZG. Efficacy and Safety of Conversion Therapy by Intraperitoneal and Intravenous Paclitaxel Plus Oral S-1 in Gastric Cancer Patients With Peritoneal Metastasis: A Prospective Phase II Study. Front Oncol 2022; 12:905922. [PMID: 35795055 PMCID: PMC9251062 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.905922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundNeoadjuvant intraperitoneal and systemic chemotherapy (NIPS) has shown promising results in gastric cancer (GC) with peritoneal metastasis. However, clinical practice experience of NIPS is still lacking in China. In this study, we investigate the efficacy and safety of NIPS in Chinese patients.MethodsEligible patients received NIPS every 3 weeks. Gastrectomy was performed for patients who met the criteria of conversion surgery. The primary end point was 1-year overall survival (OS) rate. Secondary end points were the response rate, toxic effects, conversion surgery outcomes and median survival time (MST).ResultsSixty-seven patients were enrolled. The primary endpoint was achieved with 1-year OS rate reached 67.2% (95% CI, 56.8%-79.4%). Conversion surgery was performed in 42 patients (62.9%), and R0 resection was achieved in 23 patients (54.8%) with the MST of 31.3 months (95% CI, 24.3-38.3). And the MST was 19.3 months (95% CI, 16.4-22.2) for all patients. Toxicity and surgical complications were well-tolerated. Moreover, sex, R0 resection, pathological nodal stage and tumor regression grade (TRG) were independent prognostic factors for patients who underwent conversion surgery.ConclusionThe NIPS is effective and safe in treating GC patients with peritoneal metastasis. Male patients, patients who underwent R0 resection, patients with ypN0-1 or TRG 1 after conversion surgery are more likely to benefit from the NIPS.Clinical Trial Registrationhttp://www.chictr.org.cn/, identifier https://clinicaltrials.gov/ (<ChiCTR2200056029>).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Yin Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Key laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Key laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Key laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Wei Wu
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Qi Xi
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Shi
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Qiang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Key laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Tian Ni
- Department of General Surgery, Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Key laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang-Yu He
- Department of General Surgery, Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Key laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Xin Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Key laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Nan Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Key laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng-Lun Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Key laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Tao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Key laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of General Surgery, Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Key laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Key laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Chao Yan, ; Min Yan, ; Zheng-Gang Zhu,
| | - Min Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Key laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Chao Yan, ; Min Yan, ; Zheng-Gang Zhu,
| | - Zheng-Gang Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Key laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Chao Yan, ; Min Yan, ; Zheng-Gang Zhu,
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Uddin S, Islam MR, Md Moshikur R, Wakabayashi R, Kamiya N, Moniruzzaman M, Goto M. Transdermal Delivery of Antigenic Protein Using Ionic Liquid-Based Nanocarriers for Tumor Immunotherapy. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:2586-2597. [PMID: 35472266 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDSs) may be useful for preventing various diseases including cancer. However, the stratum corneum (SC) inhibits the permeation of foreign particles into the skin. To obtain an effective TDDS, we developed a protein-containing nanocarrier (PCNC) comprising an antigenic protein (ovalbumin/OVA) stabilized by a combination of surfactants, i.e., a lipid-based surface-active ionic liquid and Tween-80. The PCNC was lyophilized to remove water and cyclohexane and then dispersed in isopropyl myristate. It is biocompatible both in vitro and in vivo, and is suitable for use in a therapeutic TDDS. The skin permeability of the PCNC was significantly (p < 0.0001) enhanced, and the transdermal distribution and transdermal flux of the OVA delivery system were 25 and 28 times greater, respectively, than those of its aqueous formulation. The PCNC disrupted the order of lipid orientation in the skin's SC and increased intercellular protein delivery. It demonstrated effective antitumor activity, drastically (p < 0.001) suppressed tumor growth, increased mouse survival rates, and significantly (p < 0.001) stimulated the OVA-specific tumor immune response. The PCNC also increased the number of cytotoxic T cells expressing CD8 antibodies on their surfaces (CD8 + T-cells) in the tumor microenvironment. These findings suggest that PCNCs may be promising biocompatible carriers for transdermal antigenic protein delivery in tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihab Uddin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Md Rafiqul Islam
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Rahman Md Moshikur
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Rie Wakabayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,Advanced Transdermal Drug Delivery System Centre, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Noriho Kamiya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,Advanced Transdermal Drug Delivery System Centre, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,Division of Biotechnology, Centre for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Muhammad Moniruzzaman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Masahiro Goto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,Advanced Transdermal Drug Delivery System Centre, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,Division of Biotechnology, Centre for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Tian Q, Quan P, Fang L, Xu H, Liu C. A molecular mechanism investigation of the transdermal/topical absorption classification system on the basis of drug skin permeation and skin retention. Int J Pharm 2021; 608:121082. [PMID: 34506925 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A transdermal/topical absorption classification system for the characterization of the systemic or local delivery of drugs is the theoretical basis for the design and evaluation of transdermal/topical formulations. A classification system was established on the basis of the in vitro and in vivo skin permeation/retention behaviors of 12 model drugs. Drug skin penetration/retention exhibited a significant correlation with physicochemical parameters (log KO/W, molecular weight, polar surface area, and polarizability). Four representative model drugs were selected to clarify the molecular mechanisms of drug skin permeation/retention behaviors. The excellent lipid-disrupting effect and enhanced partitioning exhibited by propranolol (high permeation-high retention) and zolmitriptan (high permeation-low retention) via the formation of moderate H-bonds with skin lipids were proven by ATR-FTIR (ΔνasCH2 > 2 cm-1), Raman spectra (ΔLPP, SPP > 0.2 nm), and X-ray scattering (lipid crystallization) and were supported by 13C NMR results. The low lipid miscibility of zolmitriptan (ΔHzolmitriptan-lipid = 126.92 J/g) caused the low skin retention of this drug. High polarizabiltiy (α = 38.5 × 10-24 cm3) and low H-bond forming capability (EH-bond = 0 kcal/mol) restricted terbinafine (low permeation-high retention) in terms of partitioning (kD-SC = 0.09). Diclofenac (low permeation-low retention) stabilized skin lipids through the formation of strong H-bonds and exhibited excessive drug-lipid miscibility (ΔHdiclofenac-skin = -128.73 J/g), thus restricting its skin absorption. This classification system reflects the most essential drug skin absorption characteristics and provides a theoretical basis for the design of transdermal/topical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 26 Huatuo Road, High & New Technology Development Zone, Benxi 117004, China
| | - Peng Quan
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 26 Huatuo Road, High & New Technology Development Zone, Benxi 117004, China
| | - Liang Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 26 Huatuo Road, High & New Technology Development Zone, Benxi 117004, China
| | - Hui Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 26 Huatuo Road, High & New Technology Development Zone, Benxi 117004, China
| | - Chao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 26 Huatuo Road, High & New Technology Development Zone, Benxi 117004, China.
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Neupane R, Boddu SHS, Abou-Dahech MS, Bachu RD, Terrero D, Babu RJ, Tiwari AK. Transdermal Delivery of Chemotherapeutics: Strategies, Requirements, and Opportunities. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:960. [PMID: 34206728 PMCID: PMC8308987 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13070960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic drugs are primarily administered to cancer patients via oral or parenteral routes. The use of transdermal drug delivery could potentially be a better alternative to decrease the dose frequency and severity of adverse or toxic effects associated with oral or parenteral administration of chemotherapeutic drugs. The transdermal delivery of drugs has shown to be advantageous for the treatment of highly localized tumors in certain types of breast and skin cancers. In addition, the transdermal route can be used to deliver low-dose chemotherapeutics in a sustained manner. The transdermal route can also be utilized for vaccine design in cancer management, for example, vaccines against cervical cancer. However, the design of transdermal formulations may be challenging in terms of the conjugation chemistry of the molecules and the sustained and reproducible delivery of therapeutically efficacious doses. In this review, we discuss the nano-carrier systems, such as nanoparticles, liposomes, etc., used in recent literature to deliver chemotherapeutic agents. The advantages of transdermal route over oral and parenteral routes for popular chemotherapeutic drugs are summarized. Furthermore, we also discuss a possible in silico approach, Formulating for Efficacy™, to design transdermal formulations that would probably be economical, robust, and more efficacious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabin Neupane
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (R.N.); (M.S.A.-D.); (R.D.B.); (D.T.)
| | - Sai H. S. Boddu
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Mariam Sami Abou-Dahech
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (R.N.); (M.S.A.-D.); (R.D.B.); (D.T.)
| | - Rinda Devi Bachu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (R.N.); (M.S.A.-D.); (R.D.B.); (D.T.)
| | - David Terrero
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (R.N.); (M.S.A.-D.); (R.D.B.); (D.T.)
| | - R. Jayachandra Babu
- Department of Drug Discovery & Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA;
| | - Amit K. Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (R.N.); (M.S.A.-D.); (R.D.B.); (D.T.)
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
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Teaima MH, Mohamed MAA, Abd El Rehem RT, Tayel SA, El-Nabarawi MA, Fouad SA. Enhanced Transdermal Delivery of Bisoprolol Hemifumarate via Combined Effect of Iontophoresis and Chemical Enhancers: Ex Vivo Permeation/In Vivo Pharmacokinetic Studies. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:682. [PMID: 34068544 PMCID: PMC8151755 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisoprolol hemifumarate (BH) is an antihypertensive drug that is used as first-line treatment for chronic hypertension and angina pectoris. Our study was performed to enhance the transdermal delivery of BH, a hydrophilic drug active with high molecular weight, through differently prepared hydrogels. The synergistic effect of permeation enhancers and iontophoresis was investigated via both ex vivo and in vivo permeation studies. Ex vivo iontophoretic permeation studies were performed by using male albino Wistar rat skin. Cellosolve® hydrogel (F7) showed a 1.5-fold increase in Q180, Jss, and FER compared to F5 (lacking permeation enhancer). BH pharmacokinetic data were studied in human volunteers, following transdermal delivery of F7, using Phoresor® Unit II iontophoresis device, compared to conventional oral tablets. F7 showed 1.9- and 2-fold higher values of Cmax and AUC0-40, respectively compared to Concor® tablets, as well as a smaller Tmax (2.00 ± 2.00 h). The relative bioavailability of F7 was found to be 201.44%, relative to Concor® tablets, demonstrating the significantly enhanced transdermal permeation of BH from the selected hydrogel by iontophoresis, in human volunteers. Finally, results showed the successful utility of permeation enhancers combined with iontophoresis in significantly enhanced transdermal permeation of BH, despite its large molecular weight and hydrophilic nature. Therefore, this strategy could be employed as a successful alternative route of administration to conventional oral tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud H. Teaima
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (R.T.A.E.R.); (S.A.T.); (M.A.E.-N.)
| | | | - Randa Tag Abd El Rehem
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (R.T.A.E.R.); (S.A.T.); (M.A.E.-N.)
| | - Saadia A. Tayel
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (R.T.A.E.R.); (S.A.T.); (M.A.E.-N.)
| | - Mohamed A. El-Nabarawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (R.T.A.E.R.); (S.A.T.); (M.A.E.-N.)
| | - Shahinaze A. Fouad
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza 19228, Egypt;
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Calatayud-Pascual MA, Sebastian-Morelló M, Balaguer-Fernández C, Delgado-Charro MB, López-Castellano A, Merino V. Influence of Chemical Enhancers and Iontophoresis on the In Vitro Transdermal Permeation of Propranolol: Evaluation by Dermatopharmacokinetics. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10040265. [PMID: 30544534 PMCID: PMC6321337 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10040265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to assess, in vitro, the possibility of administering propranolol transdermally and to evaluate the usefulness of the dermatopharmacokinetic (DPK) method in assessing the transport of drugs through stratum corneum, using propranolol as a model compound. Four chemical enhancers (decenoic and oleic acid, laurocapram, and R-(+)-limonene) and iontophoresis at two current densities, 0.25 and 0.5 mA/cm2 were tested. R-(+)-limonene, and iontophoresis at 0.5 mA/cm2 were proven to be the most efficient in increasing propranolol transdermal flux, both doubled the original propranolol transdermal flux. Iontophoresis was demonstrated to be superior than the chemical enhancer because it allowed faster delivery of the drug. The DPK method was sufficiently sensitive to detect subtle vehicle-induced effects on the skin permeation of propranolol. The shorter duration of these experiments and their ability to provide mechanistic information about partition between vehicle and skin and diffusivity through skin place them as practical and potentially insightful approach to quantify and, ultimately, optimize topical bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Aracely Calatayud-Pascual
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Spain.
| | - María Sebastian-Morelló
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Spain.
| | - Cristina Balaguer-Fernández
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Spain.
| | - M Begoña Delgado-Charro
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Alicia López-Castellano
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Spain.
| | - Virginia Merino
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Universidad de València, Avda. Vicente Andrés Estellés sn, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.
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Carvalho VFM, Migotto A, Giacone DV, de Lemos DP, Zanoni TB, Maria-Engler SS, Costa-Lotufo LV, Lopes LB. Co-encapsulation of paclitaxel and C6 ceramide in tributyrin-containing nanocarriers improve co-localization in the skin and potentiate cytotoxic effects in 2D and 3D models. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 109:131-143. [PMID: 28735040 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Considering that tumor development is generally multifactorial, therapy with a combination of agents capable of potentiating cytotoxic effects is promising. In this study, we co-encapsulated C6 ceramide (0.35%) and paclitaxel (0.50%) in micro and nanoemulsions containing tributyrin (a butyric acid pro-drug included for potentiation of cytotoxicity), and compared their ability to co-localize the drugs in viable skin layers. The nanoemulsion delivered 2- and 2.4-fold more paclitaxel into viable skin layers of porcine skin in vitro at 4 and 8h post-application than the microemulsion, and 1.9-fold more C6 ceramide at 8h. The drugs were co-localized mainly in the epidermis, suggesting the nanoemulsion ability for a targeted delivery. Based on this result, the nanoemulsion was selected for evaluation of the nanocarrier-mediated cytotoxicity against cells in culture (2D model) and histological changes in a 3D melanoma model. Encapsulation of the drugs individually decreased the concentration necessary to reduce melanoma cells viability to 50% (EC50) by approximately 4- (paclitaxel) and 13-fold (ceramide), demonstrating an improved nanoemulsion-mediated drug delivery. Co-encapsulation of paclitaxel and ceramide further decreased EC50 by 2.5-4.5-fold, and calculation of the combination index indicated a synergistic effect. Nanoemulsion topical administration on 3D bioengineered melanoma models for 48h promoted marked epidermis destruction, with only few cells remaining in this layer. This result demonstrates the efficacy of the nanoemulsion, but also suggests non-selective cytotoxic effects, which highlights the importance of localizing the drugs within cutaneous layers where the lesions develop to avoid adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda Migotto
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Thalita B Zanoni
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luciana B Lopes
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
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He C, Chen P, Wang X, Ding M, Lan Q, Han M. The clinical effect of herbal magnetic corsets on lumbar disc herniation. Clin Rehabil 2016; 20:1058-65. [PMID: 17148517 DOI: 10.1177/0269215506071255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To determine the clinical effects of the treatment of lumbar disc herniation with herbal magnetic corsets. Design: A randomized control trial. Setting: The outpatient and inpatient departments of the Rehabilitation Center of the West China Hospital. Patients: Sixty patients with clinically diagnosed lumbar disc herniation were included in the study. Interventions: Both groups received lumbar traction, medium frequency electrotherapy and massage, whereas the experimental group wore herbal magnetic corsets in addition. Main outcome measures: Pain and lumbar function were assessed before treatment and at one week, two weeks and four weeks after intervention. Results: Both groups reported improvements in pain and lumbar function after treatment (P 0.05 or P 0.001). However, the experimental group reported gradually increasing relief over time leading to a better curative effect than observed in the control group (P 0.05 for visual analogue scale or P 0.001 for lumbar function). Conclusion: Herbal magnetic corsets can facilitate the reduction of pain caused by lumbar disc herniation and can improve lumbar function. This is a safe and effective non-operative therapeutic option for treatment of lumbar disc herniation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengqi He
- Rehabilitation Medical Center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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10
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Chang LW, Hou ML, Hung SH, Lin LC, Tsai TH. Pharmacokinetics of quercetin-loaded nanodroplets with ultrasound activation and their use for bioimaging. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:3031-42. [PMID: 25945049 PMCID: PMC4407821 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s78983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bubble formulations have both diagnostic and therapeutic applications. However, research on nanobubbles/nanodroplets remains in the initial stages. In this study, a nanodroplet formulation was prepared and loaded with a novel class of chemotherapeutic drug, ie, quercetin, to observe its pharmacokinetic properties and ultrasonic bioimaging of specific sites, namely the abdominal vein and bladder. Four parallel groups were designed to investigate the effects of ultrasound and nanodroplets on the pharmacokinetics of quercetin. These groups were quercetin alone, quercetin triggered with ultrasound, quercetin-encapsulated in nanodroplets, and quercetin encapsulated in nanodroplets triggered with ultrasound. Spherical vesicles with a mean diameter of 280 nm were formed, and quercetin was completely encapsulated within. In vivo ultrasonic imaging confirmed that the nanodroplets could be treated by ultrasound. The results indicate that the initial 5-minute serum concentration, area under the concentration–time curve, elimination half-life, and clearance of quercetin were significantly enhanced by nanodroplets with or without ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Wen Chang
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Hou
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shuo-Hui Hung
- Department of Surgery, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lie-Chwen Lin
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Hu Tsai
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan ; Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ; School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ; Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Guo F, Wang J, Ma M, Tan F, Li N. Skin targeted lipid vesicles as novel nano-carrier of ketoconazole: characterization, in vitro and in vivo evaluation. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2015; 26:175. [PMID: 25825320 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-015-5487-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Liposomal carriers for topical drug delivery have been studied since the 1980s and have evoked a considerable interest. However, the conventional liposomes do not deeply penetrate into the skin and remain confined to the outer layer of SC. In order to increase skin targeting of ketoconazole (KCZ), a hydrophobic broad-spectrum antifungal agent, this study describes novel lipid vesicles as nano-carriers for topical delivery. In this paper, lipid vesicular systems including conventional liposomes (CL), ethosomes, deformable liposomes (DL) and ethanol-containing deformable liposomes (DEL) were prepared as nano-carriers for KCZ, respectively. Sodium dodecyl sulfate [SDS, 0.08 % (W/V)] was used as edge activator for DL and DEL preparation. Characterization of the vesicles was based on particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In addition, in vitro permeation profile was obtained using vertical diffusion Franz cells by porcine skin. The in vivo accumulation of KCZ was also evaluated in rat skin. Confocal microscopy was performed to visualize the penetration of fluorescently labeled vesicles into skin. All of the lipid vesicles showed almost spherical structures with low polydispersity index (PDI < 0.3) and nano-metric size (no more than 160 nm). The results demonstrated that DEL dramatically improved both in vitro and in vivo skin deposition compared to the CLs (P < 0.05), which was further confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy study. In vivo pharmacodynamic studies showed DEL improved antifungal activity against Candida albicans in shorter duration of time. Therefore, based on present study, the novel nano-carrier DEL capable of enhancing skin target effect and forming a micro drug-depot could serve as an effective skin targeting delivery for KCZ as an anti-fungal agent in local therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
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Thomas S, Vieira CS, Hass MA, Lopes LB. Stability, cutaneous delivery, and antioxidant potential of a lipoic acid and α-tocopherol codrug incorporated in microemulsions. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:2530-8. [PMID: 24961388 DOI: 10.1002/jps.24053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the skin penetration, stability, and antioxidant effects of a α-tocopherol-lipoic acid codrug. To enhance penetration, we evaluated three microemulsions varying in water content and composition of the oil phase (isopropyl myristate with either monocaprylin or oleic acid). The codrug was incorporated at 1% (w/w). Codrug hydrolysis in the microemulsion increased with increases in time (up to 48 h) and formulation water content (10%-30%, w/w). Microemulsions increased the codrug delivery into viable layers of porcine ear skin by 2.9-7.8-fold compared with a control formulation (20% monocaprylin in isopropyl myristate) after 24 h. Penetration enhancement was influenced by the oil phase, with the formulation containing monocaprylin displaying the most pronounced effect. Antioxidant activity, assessed in skin bioequivalents using the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) assay, demonstrated that TBARS levels decreased by 39% after treatment with the codrug-containing microemulsion compared with the unloaded formulation. In addition to the codrug, tocopherol (8.2 ± 0.6 μg/cm(2)) was detected in the viable bioequivalent tissues, suggesting that the codrug was partly hydrolyzed after 12 h. Taken together, these results support the potential of nanodispersed formulations containing a tocopherol-lipoic acid codrug to improve skin antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siji Thomas
- Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York
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13
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Zhang X, Wu Y, Hong Y, Zhu X, Lin L, Lin Q. Preparation and evaluation ofdl-praeruptorin A microemulsion based hydrogel for dermal delivery. Drug Deliv 2014; 22:757-64. [DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2014.898713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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14
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Docetaxel-nicotinamide complex-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers for transdermal delivery. Int J Pharm 2013; 458:296-304. [PMID: 24177313 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Docetaxel (DTX) proved one of the most effective active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) for the treatment of cancers. However, in respect of its low solubility and high lipophilic property, nicotinamide (NCT) was chosen as the co-former to form the docetaxel-nicotinamide complex to handle the drawbacks. As was analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared spectrometer, thermal analysis and saturated solubility, the complex proved stable. Then, docetaxel-nicotinamide complex nanostructured lipid carriers (DN-NLCs) were prepared by emulsion-evaporation at low temperature method. The average drug entrapment efficiency, particle size and drug loading of docetaxel-NLCs (D-NLCs) and DN-NLCs were 81.41-79.48%, 61.45-59.48nm and 1.60-1.63%, respectively. The physicochemical characteristics of nanoparticles were valued by transmission electron microscope and Powder X Ray Diffraction. The in vitro drug-release profile of nanoparticle formulations fitted the Weibull dynamic equation. The skin permeability test was performed by Vertical Franz-type diffusion cells. It demonstrated that DN-NLCs transported drugs more easily than D-NLCs. Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy observation showed DN-NLCs permeated more effectively than D-NLCs. In vivo study demonstrated that DN-NLCs maintained most in the skin. These results suggest that the DN-NLCs can be a useful method to increase skin permeation of docetaxel.
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15
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Romero EL, Morilla MJ. Highly deformable and highly fluid vesicles as potential drug delivery systems: theoretical and practical considerations. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:3171-86. [PMID: 23986634 PMCID: PMC3754763 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s33048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vesicles that are specifically designed to overcome the stratum corneum barrier in intact skin provide an efficient transdermal (systemic or local) drug delivery system. They can be classified into two main groups according to the mechanisms underlying their skin interaction. The first group comprises those possessing highly deformable bilayers, achieved by incorporating edge activators to the bilayers or by mixing with certain hydrophilic solutes. The vesicles of this group act as drug carriers that penetrate across hydrophilic pathways of the intact skin. The second group comprises those possessing highly fluid bilayers, owing to the presence of permeation enhancers. The vesicles of this group can act as carriers of drugs that permeate the skin after the barrier of the stratum corneum is altered because of synergistic action with the permeation enhancers contained in the vesicle structure. We have included a detailed overview of the different mechanisms of skin interaction and discussed the most promising preclinical applications of the last five years of Transfersomes® (IDEA AG, Munich, Germany), ethosomes, and invasomes as carriers of antitumoral and anti-inflammatory drugs applied by the topical route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eder Lilia Romero
- Department of Science and Technology, National University of Quilmes, Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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16
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Erdal MS, Peköz AY, Aksu B, Araman A. Impacts of chemical enhancers on skin permeation and deposition of terbinafine. Pharm Dev Technol 2013; 19:565-70. [PMID: 23841559 DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2013.813538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Sedef Erdal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, 34116 Beyazıt , Istanbul , Turkey and
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17
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Paolino D, Celia C, Trapasso E, Cilurzo F, Fresta M. Paclitaxel-loaded ethosomes®: Potential treatment of squamous cell carcinoma, a malignant transformation of actinic keratoses. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2012; 81:102-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2012.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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In vitro and in vivo percutaneous absorption of seleno-L-methionine, an antioxidant agent, and other selenium species. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2011; 32:1181-90. [PMID: 21785447 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2011.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the in vitro and in vivo percutaneous absorption of seleno-L-methionine (Se-L-M), an ultraviolet (UV)-protecting agent, from aqueous solutions. METHODS Aqueous solutions of Se-L-M were prepared in pH 4, 8, and 10.8 buffers. The pH 8 buffer contained 30% glycerol, propylene glycol (PG) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400. The in vitro skin permeation of Se-L-M via porcine skin and nude mouse skin was measured and compared using Franz diffusion cells. The in vivo skin tolerance study was performed, which examined transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin pH and erythema. RESULTS In the excised porcine skin, the flux was 0.1, 11.4 and 8.2 μg·cm(-2)·h(-1) for the pH 4, 8, and 10.8 buffers, respectively. A linear correlation between the flux and skin deposition was determined. According to permeation across skin with different treatments (stripping, delipidation, and ethanol treatments), it was determined that the intracellular route comprised the predominant pathway for Se-L-M permeation from pH 8 buffer. Aqueous solutions of seleno-DL-methionine (Se-DL-M), selenium sulfide and selenium-containing quantum dot nanoparticles were also used as donor systems. The DL form showed a lower flux (7.0 vs 11.4 μg·cm(-2)·h(-1)) and skin uptake (23.4 vs 47.3 μg/g) as compared to the L form, indicating stereoselective permeation of this compound. There was no or only negligible permeation of selenium sulfide and quantum dots into and across the skin. With in vivo topical application for 4 and 8 h, the skin deposition of Se-L-M was about 7 μg/g, and values were comparable to each other. The topical application of Se-L-M for up to 5 d did not caused apparent skin irritation. However, slight inflammation of the dermis was noted according to the histopathological examination. CONCLUSION Se-L-M was readily absorbed by the skin in both the in vitro and in vivo experiments. The established profiles of Se-L-M skin absorption will be helpful in developing topical products of this compound.
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Wang JJ, Sung KC, Huang JF, Yeh CH, Fang JY. Ester prodrugs of morphine improve transdermal drug delivery: a mechanistic study. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 59:917-25. [PMID: 17637185 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.59.7.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Two alkyl esters of morphine, morphine propionate (MPR) and morphine enanthate (MEN), were synthesized as potential prodrugs for transdermal delivery. The ester prodrugs could enhance transdermal morphine delivery. The mechanisms of this enhancing effect were elucidated in this study. Both prodrugs were more lipophilic than their parent drug as evaluated by the skin/vehicle partition coefficient (log P) and capacity factor (log K′). The in-vitro skin permeation of morphine and its prodrugs from pH 6 buffer was in the order of MEN > MPR > morphine. MPR and MEN respectively enhanced the transdermal delivery of morphine by 2- and 5-fold. A contrary result was observed when using sesame oil as the vehicle. The prodrugs were stable against chemical hydrolysis in an aqueous solution, but were readily hydrolysed to the parent drug when exposed to skin homogenate and esterase. Approximately 98% MPR and ∼75% MEN were converted to morphine in an in-vitro permeation experiment. The viable epidermis/dermis contributed to a significant resistance to the permeation of ester prodrugs. According to the data of skin permeation across ethanol-, α-terpineol-, and oleic acid-pretreated skin, MEN was predominantly transported via lipid bilayer lamellae in the stratum corneum. The intercellular pathway was not important for either morphine or MPR permeation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhi-Joung Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
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20
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Hung CF, Lin YK, Zhang LW, Chang CH, Fang JY. Topical delivery of silymarin constituents via the skin route. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2010; 31:118-26. [PMID: 20023692 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2009.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Silibinin (SB), silydianin (SD), and silychristin (SC) are components of silymarin. These compounds can be used to protect the skin from oxidative stress induced by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and treat it. To this end, the absorption of silymarin constituents via the skin was examined in the present report. METHODS Transport of SB, SD, and SC under the same thermodynamic activity through and into the skin and the effects of pH were studied in vitro using a Franz diffusion assembly. RESULTS The lipophilicity increased in the order of SC<SD<SB. Increased lipophilicity of a compound resulted in higher skin deposition but had a minor effect on permeation across the skin in the less-ionized form (pH 8). It is apparent that compounds in the less-ionized form showed higher skin uptake compared to the more-ionized form. Hyperproliferative skin produced by UVB exposure showed increased permeation of silymarin constituents in the less-ionized form, but it did not affect deposition within the skin. With in vivo topical application for 4 and 8 h, the skin deposition of SB was higher than those of SD and SC by 3.5 approximately 4.0- and 30 approximately 40-fold, respectively. The skin disruption and erythema test demonstrated that the topical application of these compounds for up to 24 h caused no apparent skin irritation. CONCLUSION The basic profiles of silymarin permeation via skin route were established.
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Hansen S, Naegel A, Heisig M, Wittum G, Neumann D, Kostka KH, Meiers P, Lehr CM, Schaefer UF. The Role of Corneocytes in Skin Transport Revised—A Combined Computational and Experimental Approach. Pharm Res 2009; 26:1379-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-009-9849-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2008] [Accepted: 02/06/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Huang ZR, Hung CF, Lin YK, Fang JY. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of topical delivery and potential dermal use of soy isoflavones genistein and daidzein. Int J Pharm 2008; 364:36-44. [PMID: 18761396 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2008] [Revised: 07/29/2008] [Accepted: 08/04/2008] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Genistein, daidzein, and glycitein are soy isoflavones. These compounds can be used to protect the skin from oxidative stress induced by UVB radiation. To this end, the feasibility of skin absorption of soy isoflavones was evaluated in the present study. As assayed by flow cytometry, UVB-induced H(2)O(2) production in keratinocytes was inhibited by genistein and daidzein, confirming that these two compounds can act as free radical scavengers when keratinocytes are photodamaged. Glycitein showed no protective activity against photodamage. The effects of vehicles on the in vitro topical delivery from saturated solutions such as aqueous buffers and soybean oil were investigated. The isoflavones in a non-ionized form (pH 6) showed higher skin deposition compared to the ionized form (pH 10.8). Soybean oil reduced the isoflavone amount retained in the skin, especially for genistein. Genistein generally exhibited greater skin absorption than did daidzein. However, daidzein permeation was enhanced when an aglycone mixture was used as the active ingredient. An eutectic effect was proposed as the enhancing mechanism. In vivo skin deposition showed a linear correlation with the in vitro results. The safety profiles suggested no or only negligible stratum corneum disruption and skin erythema by topical application of soy isoflavones. It was concluded that topical delivery may serve as a potent route for soy isoflavones against photoaging and photodamage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zih-Rou Huang
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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Qiu Y, Gao Y, Hu K, Li F. Enhancement of skin permeation of docetaxel: a novel approach combining microneedle and elastic liposomes. J Control Release 2008; 129:144-50. [PMID: 18538885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2008.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2007] [Revised: 04/13/2008] [Accepted: 04/22/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A combination method of using microneedle pretreatment and elastic liposomes was developed to increase skin permeation of drugs with high molecular weight and poor water solubility. Docetaxel (DTX, MW=807.9) was chosen as a model drug. DTX liposomal systems with and without elastic properties were prepared and characterized. The effect of the developed formulations on the permeation of DTX across both rat and porcine skin was investigated in vitro. The combination effect of microneedle pretreatment and elastic liposomes on the permeability of DTX was evaluated using porcine skin in vitro. The following results were obtained: (1) Elastic liposomes loaded with DTX can enhance transdermal delivery of DTX without microneedle treatment. (2) An enhanced transdermal flux (1.3-1.4 microg/cm(2)/h) for DTX from all liposomal formulations was observed after microneedle treatment. Importantly, the lag time obtained following the application of elastic liposomes through microneedle-treated skin was decreased by nearly 70% compared with that obtained from conventional liposomes. These results suggest that the combination of elastic liposomes with microneedle pretreatment can be a useful method to increase skin permeation of drugs with high molecular weight and poor water solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China
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Hung CF, Lin YK, Huang ZR, Fang JY. Delivery of Resveratrol, a Red Wine Polyphenol, from Solutions and Hydrogels via the Skin. Biol Pharm Bull 2008; 31:955-62. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.31.955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yin-Ku Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
| | - Zih-Rou Huang
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University
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Tas C, Ozkan Y, Okyar A, Savaser A. In vitro and ex vivo permeation studies of etodolac from hydrophilic gels and effect of terpenes as enhancers. Drug Deliv 2007; 14:453-9. [PMID: 17994363 DOI: 10.1080/10717540701603746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Etodolac, a highly lipophilic anti-inflammatory drug, is widely used in rheumatoid arthritis usually at an oral dose of 200 mg twice daily. The commonest side effects during therapy with etodolac is generally gastrointestinal disturbances these are usually mild and reversible but in some patients are peptic ulcer and severe gastrointestinal bleeding. To eliminate these side effects and obtain high drug concentration at the application side, dermal application of etodolac seems to be an ideal route for administration. Hydrophilic gel formulations of etodolac were prepared with carboxymethylcellulose sodium. The effect of different terpenes (anethole, carvacrol, and menthol) as an enhancer on the percutaneous absorption of etodolac was also investigated. Permeation studies were carried out with unjacketed modified horizontal diffusion cells through cellulose membrane and rat skin. In vitro studies with cellulose membrane showed that all formulations presented the same drug release profile (p > 0.05). Ex vivo studies with excised rat skin revealed that etodolac was released and penetrated into rat skin quickly. Anethole, a hydrophobic terpene, enhanced the absorption of etodolac significantly (p < 0.05). This result is consistent with the fact that hydrophobic terpenes are effective on the percutaneous absorption of lipophilic drugs. Menthol and carvacrol, hydrophilic terpenes, did not enhance the absorption of etodolac. The lipophilicity of the enhancers seems an important factor in promoting penetration of etodolac through the skin. Since etodolac creates gastrointestinal disturbances, topical formulations of etodolac in gel form including 1% anethole could be an alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cetin Tas
- Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Etlik-Ankara, Turkey.
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Patel T, Ishiuji Y, Yosipovitch G. Menthol: a refreshing look at this ancient compound. J Am Acad Dermatol 2007; 57:873-8. [PMID: 17498839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2007.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2007] [Revised: 03/26/2007] [Accepted: 04/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Menthol is a naturally occurring cyclic terpene alcohol of plant origin, which has been used since antiquity for medicinal purposes. Its use in dermatology is ubiquitous, where it is frequently part of topical antipruritic, antiseptic, analgesic, and cooling formulations. Despite its widespread use, it was only recently that the mechanism by which menthol elicits the same cool sensation as low temperature was elucidated upon, with the discovery of the TRPM8 receptor. Although almost 5 years have passed since the discovery of this receptor, many dermatologists are still unaware of menthol's underlying target. The purpose of this review is to highlight the recent advances in the mechanism of action of menthol and to provide an overview of its dermatologic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejesh Patel
- Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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Fang JY, Tsai TH, Lin YY, Wong WW, Wang MN, Huang JF. Transdermal delivery of tea catechins and theophylline enhanced by terpenes: a mechanistic study. Biol Pharm Bull 2007; 30:343-9. [PMID: 17268077 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.30.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Using in vitro and in vivo techniques, terpenes were evaluated as enhancers to improve the skin permeation of therapeutically active agents derived from tea, including tea catechins and theophylline. The in vitro permeation was determined by Franz cells. The skin deposition and subcutaneous amounts of drugs sampled by microdialysis were evaluated in vivo. Terpenes varied in their activities of enhancing drug permeation. The oxygen-containing terpenes were effective enhancers of drug permeation, whereas the hydrocarbon terpenes were much less efficient. Oxygen-containing terpenes with a bicyclic structure had reduced enhancing activity. Terpenes enhanced tea catechin permeation to a much greater degree than they did theophylline. The isomers of (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin showed different permeation behaviors when incorporated with terpenes. In the in vivo status, terpenes promoted the skin uptake but not the subsequent subcutaneous concentration of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Both increased skin/vehicle partitioning and lipid bilayer disruption of the stratum corneum (SC) contributed the enhancing mechanisms of terpenes for topically applied tea catechins and theophylline based on the experimental results from the partition coefficient and transepidermal water loss (TEWL). alpha-Terpineol was found to be the best enhancer for catechins and theophylline. The high enhancement by alpha-terpineol was due to macroscopic perturbation of the SC and the biological reaction in viable skin as evaluated by TEWL and colorimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-You Fang
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Hikima T, Maibach H. Skin penetration flux and lag-time of steroids across hydrated and dehydrated human skin in vitro. Biol Pharm Bull 2007; 29:2270-3. [PMID: 17077527 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.29.2270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To study the effect of hydration on skin absorption, we investigated penetration across human skin of twelve model chemicals having steroidal structure but different molecular weight and compared the steady-state penetration rate (J) and lag-time (t) across hydration intact skin (Jh and th) with that across dehydrated intact skin (Jd and td). Stratum corneum (SC) thickness of hydrated (52 microm) is 3.3 times that of dehydrated skin (16 microm). Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) of hydrated (7.6+/-2.1 g/m2/h) is twice that of dehydrated skin (3.4+/-1.6 g/m2/h, p<0.05) which are similar to in vivo values, suggesting the SC barrier function was recovered. The ratio of Jh/Jd ranged between 0.7 and 3.6 (average of 1.9). On the other hand, the ratio of th/td was almost constant (average of 0.8). Ratios of Jh/Jd and th/td were independent of MW and Ko/w. In percutaneous absorption experiments in vitro, skin was preserved in culture medium until use and SC might swell during that time. Therefore, we consider the possibility that J and t varied between hydrated and dehydrated skin. We confirmed the difference of J and t between hydrated and dehydrated skin in vitro and now need to define these results under in vivo condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Hikima
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Edris AE. Pharmaceutical and therapeutic Potentials of essential oils and their individual volatile constituents: a review. Phytother Res 2007; 21:308-23. [PMID: 17199238 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 631] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Essential oils and their volatile constituents are used widely to prevent and treat human disease. The possible role and mode of action of these natural products is discussed with regard to the prevention and treatment of cancer, cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis and thrombosis, as well as their bioactivity as antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidants and antidiabetic agents. Their application as natural skin penetration enhancers for transdermal drug delivery and the therapeutic properties of essential oils in aroma and massage therapy will also be outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr E Edris
- Aroma and Flavor Chemistry Department, National Research Center, Dokki, El Behose Street, Dokki, 12622, Cairo, Egypt.
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Khandavilli S, Panchagnula R. Nanoemulsions as versatile formulations for paclitaxel delivery: peroral and dermal delivery studies in rats. J Invest Dermatol 2006; 127:154-62. [PMID: 16858422 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5700485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenesis of psoriasis involves the keratinocytes in epidermis as well as the angiogenesis involving deeper skin layers. So, the drug delivery strategy should be customized to localize paclitaxel (PCL) inside both layers. In this investigation, in order to achieve penetration of PCL into deeper skin layers while minimizing the systemic escape, a nanoemulsion (NE) was formulated and evaluated its in vivo pharmacokinetic performance. Further, the same formulation was explored for peroral bioavailability enhancement of PCL. Upon dermal application, the drug was predominantly localized in deeper skin layers, with minimal systemic escape. When orally administered as NE, PCL was rapidly absorbed reaching a steady-state value of 3.5 microg/ml in 30 minutes, and steady-state levels persisted up to 18 hours. This has amounted to an absolute bioavailability of 70.62%. Inhibition of P-glycoprotein efflux by D-alpha-tocopheryl polyethyleneglycol 1,000 succinate and labrasol would have contributed to the enhanced peroral bioavailability of PCL. This investigation provides direct evidence on the localization of large molecular weight, lipophilic drug, PCL, in dermis. Further, the NE formulation has enhanced the peroral bioavailability significantly to more than 70%. The developed NE formulation was safe and effective for both peroral and dermal delivery of PCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sateesh Khandavilli
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Mohali, Punjab, India
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Panchagnula R, Desu H, Jain A, Khandavilli S. Feasibility studies of dermal delivery of paclitaxel with binary combinations of ethanol and isopropyl myristate: role of solubility, partitioning and lipid bilayer perturbation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 60:894-9. [PMID: 16126203 DOI: 10.1016/j.farmac.2005.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2004] [Revised: 07/05/2005] [Accepted: 07/12/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In the current investigation, paclitaxel (PCL) delivery into the different layers of skin, vehicle optimization and relationship between vehicle composition and the relative contribution of solubility, partition and diffusion towards drug transport has been outlined. Saturation solubility of PCL was determined in ethanol (EtOH), isopropyl myristate (IPM) and their binary combinations, and partition studies performed to study the probability of skin depot formation. Epidermal and dermal partitioning was carried from PCL saturated vehicles. Skin permeation of PCL was studied using the rat skin. FT-IR has been utilized to study the skin barrier perturbation, and the localization of PCL and isopropyl myristate (IPM) in epidermis. High K(app) value in mineral oil/buffer indicated the tendency of PCL to form a reservoir in skin, and an inverse relationship between PCL solubility in different solvent systems and partitioning into epidermis was found. Maximum K(epidermis) for PCL was observed with IPM, while PCL in EtOH/IPM (1:1) showed high partitioning into dermis. Maximum flux of PCL was observed with EtOH/IPM (1:1). For lipophilic drug like PCL modulation of vehicle seems to be effective approach to increase the permeability across the skin. With a binary combination of EtOH/IPM (1:1) higher concentration of PCL can be delivered to deeper layer of skin whereas with IPM higher concentration of PCL could be localized in the epidermis. While engineering the delivery vehicle selection of solvents should be such that one of them is miscible in both hydrophilic and lipophilic phase like ethanol and another should be lipophilic in nature (IPM in this case) so that an optimum balance between 'push-pull' and 'blending' effect can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Panchagnula
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, Phase X, Mohali 160062, Punjab, India.
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Literature Alerts. Drug Deliv 2004. [DOI: 10.1080/10717540590930810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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