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Singh E, Osmani RAM, Banerjee R, Abu Lila AS, Moin A, Almansour K, Arab HH, Alotaibi HF, Khafagy ES. Poly ε-Caprolactone Nanoparticles for Sustained Intra-Articular Immune Modulation in Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis Rodent Model. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030519. [PMID: 35335895 PMCID: PMC8953799 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder with synovitis and articular pathology as its primary expositions. Leflunomide (Lfd) is an anti-rheumatic drug that is effective in the treatment of RA, but displays severe side effects upon prolonged systemic administration. Local therapy might represent a promising strategy to treat rheumatoid arthritis without eliciting systemic adverse effects. In this study, leflunomide-loaded poly(ε-caprolactone) nanoparticles (Lfd-NPs) were prepared and assessed as a local drug delivery system capable of alleviating RA-associated inflammation. Lfd-NPs were optimized using the Quality by Design (QbD) approach, applying a 32 full factorial design. In vitro drug release from NPs was examined in simulated synovial fluid. In addition, the in vivo efficacy of Lfd-NPs was evaluated in the Adjuvant Induced Arthritis (AIA) rodent model. Sustained drug release in simulated synovial fluid was observed for up to 168 h. A gradual reduction in paw volume and knee diameter was observed over the course of treatment, indicating the regression of the disease. In addition, significant reductions in serum proinflammatory markers and cytokines, including the C-reactive protein (CRP), rheumatoid factor (RF), TNF-α, IL1-β, and IL-6, were verified upon treatment with Lfd-NPs, suggesting the modulation of immune responses at the pathological site. Most importantly, no remarkable signs of toxicity were observed in Lfd-NP-treated animals. Collectively, intra-articularly administered Lfd-NPs might represent a potential therapeutic alternative to systemically administered drugs for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, without eliciting systemic adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India;
- Correspondence:
| | - Riyaz Ali M. Osmani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, India;
| | - Rinti Banerjee
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India;
| | - Amr Selim Abu Lila
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.); (K.A.)
| | - Afrasim Moin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.); (K.A.)
| | - Khaled Almansour
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.); (K.A.)
| | - Hany H. Arab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hadil Faris Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - El-Sayed Khafagy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41552, Egypt
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Nanaki SG, Andrianidou S, Barmpalexis P, Christodoulou E, Bikiaris DN. Leflunomide Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles for the Preparation of Aliphatic Polyester Based Skin Patches. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13101539. [PMID: 34064952 PMCID: PMC8151527 DOI: 10.3390/polym13101539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the preparation of controlled-released leflunomide (LFD)-loaded skin patches was evaluated, utilizing the combination of chitosan (CS) nanoparticles (NPs) incorporated into suitable poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) or poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) polyester matrices. Initially, LFD-loaded CS NPs of ~600 nm and a smooth surface were prepared, while strong inter-molecular interactions between the drug and the CS were unraveled. In the following step, the prepared LFD-loaded CS NPs were incorporated into PLLA or PLGA, and thin-film patches were prepared via spin-coating. Analysis of the prepared films showed that the incorporation of the drug-loaded CS NPs resulted in a significant increase in the drug’s release rate and extent as compared to neat LFD-loaded polyester patches (i.e., prepared without the use of CS NPs). In-depth analysis of the prepared formulations showed that the amorphization of the drug within the matrix and the increased wetting properties of the prepared CS NPs were responsible for the improved thin-film patch characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavroula G. Nanaki
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.G.N.); (S.A.); (E.C.)
| | - Sophia Andrianidou
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.G.N.); (S.A.); (E.C.)
| | - Panagiotis Barmpalexis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Evi Christodoulou
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.G.N.); (S.A.); (E.C.)
| | - Dimitrios N. Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.G.N.); (S.A.); (E.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2310-997812
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Acree J, Jouyban A. Comments on "What if Cocrystallization Fails for Neutral Molecules? Screening Offered Eutectics as Alternate Pharmaceutical Materials: Leflunomide-A Case Study". PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.15171/ps.2019.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jr. Acree
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Abolghasem Jouyban
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Kimia Idea Pardaz Azarbayjan (KIPA) Science Based Company, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Bala M, Gautam MK, Chadha R. What if Cocrystallization Fails for Neutral Molecules? Screening Offered Eutectics as Alternate Pharmaceutical Materials: Leflunomide-a Case Study. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.15171/ps.2019.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The manuscript is aimed to optimize the biopharmaceutical parameters of a poorly soluble, neutral anti-rheumatic drug ‘leflunomide’ by preparing its non-covalent derivatives (NCDs). For this various monocarboxylic acids- (adipic acid, picolinic acid) and dicarboxylic acids (maleic acid, malonic acid, sorbic acid), as well as pyridine carboxamide derivatives (nicotinamide, isonicotinamide), are used as coformers. Methods: The novel solid forms were rationally prepared and systematically characterized. Further, these solid forms were subjected to equilibrium solubility and intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR) analysis in three aqueous media (pH 1.2, pH 4.5 and pH 6.8). In vivo plasma studies in male Wistar rats were done to assess the effect on area under the curve (AUC) and the maximum concentration (Cmax) of leflunomide in prepared solid forms. Results: These NCD were primarily characterized to be eutectics rather than cocrystals as expected. The stoichiometry was established by phase diagrams. The negative value of heat of mixing indicated them to be of cluster type. In addition, leflunomide in eutectics showed approximately 9 folds increase in solubility up to 4 hours. Besides this, approximately 4 folds enhancement in the in IDR was also observed. Maximum increase in bioavailability indicated by enhanced values of AUC and Cmax (490.29 μg h-1 mL-1 and 31.42 μg mL-1, respectively) for leflunomide-maleic acid eutectic in comparison to pure LEF (AUC: 193.20 μg h-1 mL-1 and Cmax: 12.09 μg mL-1). Conclusion: The unsuccessful cocrystallization experiments were found be the latent eutectics. The evaluation of these novel eutectics of poorly soluble drug exhibited possibility to further amplify the scope of accessible material phase options other than pure active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) without disturbing the structural integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Bala
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Gautam
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India
| | - Renu Chadha
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India
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Cole JC, Wiggin S, Stanzione F. New insights and innovation from a million crystal structures in the Cambridge Structural Database. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2019; 6:054301. [PMID: 31489338 PMCID: PMC6713555 DOI: 10.1063/1.5116878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) is the world's largest and most comprehensive collection of organic, organometallic, and metal-organic crystal structure information. Analyses using the data have wide impact across the chemical sciences in allowing understanding of structural preferences. In this short review, we illustrate the more common methods by which CSD data influence molecular design. We show how more data could lead to more refined insights into the future using a simple example of trifluoromethylphenyl fragments, highlighting how with sufficient data one can build a reasonable model of geometric change in a chemical fragment with torsional rotation, and show some recent examples where the CSD has been used in conjunction with other methods to provide design ideas and more computationally tractable workflows for derivation of useful insights into structural design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C Cole
- The Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre, 12 Union Road, Cambridge CB2 1EZ, United Kingdom
| | - Seth Wiggin
- The Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre, 12 Union Road, Cambridge CB2 1EZ, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Stanzione
- The Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre, 12 Union Road, Cambridge CB2 1EZ, United Kingdom
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Sharma P, Gangopadhyay D, Mishra PC, Mishra H, Singh RK. Detection of in Vitro Metabolite Formation of Leflunomide: A Fluorescence Dynamics and Electronic Structure Study. J Med Chem 2016; 59:3418-26. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Poornima Sharma
- Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | | | | | - Hirdyesh Mishra
- Physics
Department, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Ranjan K. Singh
- Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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Zhou M, Ao J, Liu S, Wu C, Lai A, Gao H, Zhang G. A new polymorphic form of metoprolol succinate. Pharm Dev Technol 2016; 22:58-62. [PMID: 26906168 DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2016.1146295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Only one crystal form of metoprolol succinate (Form I) was reported during previous researches and production. In this study, a new polymorph of metoprolol succinate (here named as Form II) was discovered and investigated by X-ray diffraction, thermoanalysis and infrared spectroscopy. The results show its crystal structure and thermal properties are significantly different with Form I. Compared with Form I, Form II exhibits specific diffraction pattern, lower melting temperature and weaker hydrogen bond effect. The thermostability testing suggests Form II is a metastable crystal form and will gradually transform into Form I undergoing treatment of high temperature and humidity. Metastable crystal form generally has better dissolubility than its corresponding stable form. Subsequent measurement also verified that Form II can dissolve in the water more quickly than Form I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqing Zhou
- a Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou , China and
| | - Ju Ao
- a Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou , China and
| | - Song Liu
- a Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou , China and
| | - Chaogang Wu
- b Zhejiang Apeloa Medical Technology Co, Ltd , Jinhua , China
| | - Anping Lai
- b Zhejiang Apeloa Medical Technology Co, Ltd , Jinhua , China
| | - Haitao Gao
- b Zhejiang Apeloa Medical Technology Co, Ltd , Jinhua , China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- a Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou , China and
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Pund S, Pawar S, Gangurde S, Divate D. Transcutaneous delivery of leflunomide nanoemulgel: Mechanistic investigation into physicomechanical characteristics, in vitro anti-psoriatic and anti-melanoma activity. Int J Pharm 2015; 487:148-56. [PMID: 25869452 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study is a mechanistic validation of 'proof of concept' of effective topical delivery of leflunomide (LFD) nanoemulgel for localized efficient treatment of psoriatic lesions as well as melanoma affected skin regions. Hyperproliferation of keratinocytes in psoriasis and symbiotic relationship between keratinocytes and melanocytes, justifies the need of dual acting treatment. LFD is recently introduced significantly effective disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug and has been considered valuable for the treatment of psoriatic arthritis as well as melanoma. Current available treatments for psoriasis and melanoma are inefficient due to systemic side effects, poor transcutaneous permeation and thus present a challenge for development of novel colloidal carriers. We newly reformulated LFD as a nanoemulgel based on self nanoemulsifying technique using Capryol 90, Cremophor EL, Transcutol HP as nanoemulsifying components and Pluronic F127 as a gelling agent. This thermodynamically stable nanoemuslsifying preconcentrate after gelation showed mean globule size, 123.7 nm and viscosity 9620 ± 93 cp. Complete mechanical characterization was carried out using Texture Analyzer and hardness, adhesiveness and springiness index were found to be 523 gms, 431 gms and 1.02, respectively. Ex vivo permeation through rat abdominal skin revealed significant improvement in flux, apparent permeability coefficient, steady state diffusion coefficient and drug deposition in skin due to nanoemulsification of LFD. The in vitro cytoxicity of LFD nanoemulgel in human HaCaT, melanoma A375 and SK-MEL-2 cell lines showed significantly enhanced therapeutic response. In gist, LFD nanoemulgel for trancutaneous delivery will reduce the overall dose and drug consumption, by effectively localizing at the applied target site and will ultimately minimize systemic side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Pund
- Department of Pharmaceutics, STES's Sinhgad Institute of Pharmacy, Narhe, Pune 411041, India.
| | - Satish Pawar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, STES's Sinhgad Institute of Pharmacy, Narhe, Pune 411041, India
| | - Shashikant Gangurde
- Department of Pharmaceutics, STES's Sinhgad Institute of Pharmacy, Narhe, Pune 411041, India
| | - Deepali Divate
- Department of Pharmaceutics, STES's Sinhgad Institute of Pharmacy, Narhe, Pune 411041, India
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Krishnan BP, Sureshan KM. A spontaneous single-crystal-to-single-crystal polymorphic transition involving major packing changes. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:1692-6. [PMID: 25585170 DOI: 10.1021/ja512697g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
4,6-O-Benzylidene-α-d-galactosyl azide crystallizes into two morphologically distinct polymorphs depending on the solvent. While the α form appeared as thick rods and crystallized in P21 space group (monoclinic) with a single molecule in the asymmetric unit, the β form appeared as thin fibers and crystallized in P1 space group (triclinic) with six molecules in the asymmetric unit. Both the polymorphs appeared to melt at the same temperature. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis revealed that polymorph α irreversibly undergoes endothermic transition to polymorph β much before its melting point, which accounts for their apparently same melting points. Variable temperature powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) experiments provided additional proof for the polymorphic transition. Single-crystal XRD analyses revealed that α to β transition occurs in a single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SCSC) fashion not only under thermal activation but also spontaneously at room temperature. The SCSC nature of this transition is surprising in light of the large structural differences between these polymorphs. Polarized light microscopy experiments not only proved the SCSC nature of the transition but also suggested nucleation and growth mechanism for the transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiju P Krishnan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695016, India
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10
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Conformational and crystal energetics of a polymorphic cyclized product of Napafenac: The Z′ and crystal stability correlation. J Mol Struct 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Sharma P, Gangopadhyay D, Singh P, Mishra P, Deckert V, Popp J, Singh RK. In vitro monitoring of ring opening of leflunomide: A surface enhanced Raman scattering and DFT based approach. Chem Phys Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.08.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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12
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Pidcock E, Chisholm JA, Wood PA, Galek PT, Fábián L, Korb O, Cruz-Cabeza AJ, Liebeschuetz JW, Groom CR, Allen FH. The Cambridge Structural Database System and Its Applications in Supramolecular Chemistry and Materials Design. Supramol Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470661345.smc112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Bachorz RA, Bischoff FA, Glöss A, Hättig C, Höfener S, Klopper W, Tew DP. The MP2-F12 method in the Turbomole program package. J Comput Chem 2011; 32:2492-513. [PMID: 21590779 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.21825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Revised: 03/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A detailed description of the explicitly correlated second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2-F12) method, as implemented in the TURBOMOLE program package, is presented. The TURBOMOLE implementation makes use of density fitting, which greatly reduces the prefactor for integral evaluation. Methods are available for the treatment of ground states of open- and closed-shell species, using unrestricted as well as restricted (open-shell) Hartree-Fock reference determinants. Various methodological choices and approximations are discussed. The performance of the TURBOMOLE implementation is illustrated by example calculations of the molecules leflunomide, prednisone, methotrexate, ethylenedioxytetrafulvalene, and a cluster model for the adsorption of methanol on the zeolite H-ZSM-5. Various basis sets are used, including the correlation-consistent basis sets specially optimized for explicitly correlated calculations (cc-pVXZ-F12).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał A Bachorz
- Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Velaga SP, Vangala VR, Basavoju S, Boström D. Polymorphism in acesulfame sweetener: structure–property and stability relationships of bending and brittle crystals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:3562-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc00028k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Gilpin
- Brehm Research Laboratory, University Park, Wright State University, Fairborn, Ohio 45324-2031, USA
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