1
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Ebert A, Dahley C, Goss KU. Pitfalls in evaluating permeability experiments with Caco-2/MDCK cell monolayers. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 194:106699. [PMID: 38232636 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
When studying the transport of molecules across biological membranes, intrinsic membrane permeability (P0) is more informative than apparent permeability (Papp), because it eliminates external (setup-specific) factors, provides consistency across experiments and mechanistic insight. It is thus an important building block for modeling the total permeability in any given scenario. However, extracting P0 is often difficult, if not impossible, when the membrane is not the dominant transport resistance. In this work, we set out to analyze Papp values measured with Caco-2/MDCK cell monolayers of 69 literature references. We checked the Papp values for a total of 318 different compounds for the extractability of P0, considering possible limitations by aqueous boundary layers, paracellular transport, recovery issues, active transport, a possible proton flux limitation, and sink conditions. Overall, we were able to extract 77 reliable P0 values, which corresponds to about one quarter of the total compounds analyzed, while about half were limited by the diffusion through the aqueous layers. Compared to an existing data set of P0 values published by Avdeef, our approach resulted in a much higher exclusion of compounds. This is a consequence of stricter compound- and reference-specific exclusion criteria, but also because we considered possible concentration-shift effects due to different pH values in the aqueous layers, an effect only recently described in literature. We thus provide a consistent and reliable set of P0, e.g. as a basis for future modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ebert
- Department of Analytical Environmental Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Federal Republic of Germany.
| | - Carolin Dahley
- Department of Analytical Environmental Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Goss
- Department of Analytical Environmental Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Federal Republic of Germany; Institute of Chemistry, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 2, Halle 06120, Federal Republic of Germany
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2
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Antypenko L, Antypenko O, Karnaukh I, Rebets O, Kovalenko S, Arisawa M. 5,6-Dihydrotetrazolo[1,5-c]quinazolines: Toxicity prediction, synthesis, antimicrobial activity, molecular docking, and perspectives. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023. [PMID: 36864600 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a never-ending challenge, which should be considered seriously, especially when using unprescribed "over-the-counter" drugs. The synthesis and investigation of novel biologically active substances is among the directions to overcome this problem. Hence, 18 novel 5,6-dihydrotetrazolo[1,5-c]quinazolines were synthesized, their identity, purity, and structure were elucidated by elemental analysis, IR, LC-MS, 1 Н, and 13 C NMR spectra. According to the computational estimation, 15 substances were found to be of toxicity Class V, two of Class IV, and only one of Class II. The in vitro serial dilution method of antimicrobial screening against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella aerogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans determined b3, c1, c6, and c10 as the "lead-compounds" for further modifications to increase the level of activity. Substance b3 demonstrated antibacterial activity that can be related to the calculated high affinity toward all studied proteins: 50S ribosomal protein L19 (PDB ID: 6WQN), sterol 14-alpha demethylase (PDB ID: 5TZ1), and ras-related protein Rab-9A (PDB ID: 1WMS). The structure-activity and structure-target affinity relationships are discussed. The targets for further investigations and the anatomical therapeutic chemical codes of drug similarity are predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmyla Antypenko
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Oleksii Antypenko
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Zaporizhzhia State Medical University, Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine
| | - Iryna Karnaukh
- Bacteriological Laboratory, Zaporizhzhia Regional Hospital, Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine
| | - Oksana Rebets
- Bacteriological Laboratory, Zaporizhzhia Regional Hospital, Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine
| | - Sergiy Kovalenko
- Research Institute of Chemistry and Geology, Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Dnipro, Ukraine
| | - Mieko Arisawa
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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3
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Ermakova EA, Golubeva JA, Smirnova KS, Klyushova LS, Eltsov IV, Zubenko AA, Fetisov LN, Svyatogorova AE, Lider EV. Bioactive mixed-ligand zinc(II) complexes with 1H-tetrazole-5-acetic acid and oligopyridine derivatives. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.116213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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4
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Cherfi M, Harit T, Yahyaoui MI, Asehraou A, Malek F. New Tetrapodal Pyrazole-Tetrazole Ligands: Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2105912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mounir Cherfi
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment–ECOMP, Faculty of Sciences, Mohamed 1st University, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Tarik Harit
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment–ECOMP, Faculty of Sciences, Mohamed 1st University, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Meryem Idrissi Yahyaoui
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohamed 1st University, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Abdeslam Asehraou
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohamed 1st University, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Fouad Malek
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment–ECOMP, Faculty of Sciences, Mohamed 1st University, Oujda, Morocco
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5
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Singh P. Synthetic Approaches Towards the Synthesis of C-1 Azole Substituted Tetrahydroisoquinolines. CURR ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272824999201228140959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
C-1 substituted tetrahydroisoquinolines have emerged as important scaffolds in
pharmaceutical and medical research. Although various methods for α-substitution on tetrahydroisoquinolines
have been discovered, the introduction of the azole group at C-1 position
remains a challenge. Recently, direct C-H activation methods and multicomponent reactions
have been employed towards the synthesis of azole containing tetrahydroisoquinolines. A
summary of such synthetic strategies is presented here as these promising methods can help
in developing more efficient synthetic routes. This minireview covers the available synthetic
methods and their mechanistic pathways for the preparation of C-1 azole substituted tetrahydroisoquinolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpinder Singh
- Department of Chemistry, DAV University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144012, India
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6
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Sigdel KP, Wilt LA, Marsh BP, Roberts AG, King GM. The conformation and dynamics of P-glycoprotein in a lipid bilayer investigated by atomic force microscopy. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 156:302-311. [PMID: 30121251 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The membrane-bound P-glycoprotein (Pgp) transporter plays a major role in human disease and drug disposition because of its ability to efflux a chemically diverse range of drugs through ATP hydrolysis and ligand-induced conformational changes. Deciphering these structural changes is key to understanding the molecular basis of transport and to developing molecules that can modulate efflux. Here, atomic force microscopy (AFM) is used to directly image individual Pgp transporter molecules in a lipid bilayer under physiological pH and ambient temperature. Analysis of the Pgp AFM images revealed "small" and "large" protrusions from the lipid bilayer with significant differences in protrusion height and volume. The geometry of these "small" and "large" protrusions correlated to the predicted extracellular (EC) and cytosolic (C) domains of the Pgp X-ray crystal structure, respectively. To assign these protrusions, simulated AFM images were produced from the Pgp X-ray crystal structures with membrane planes defined by three computational approaches, and a simulated 80 Å AFM cantilever tip. The theoretical AFM images of the EC and C domains had similar heights and volumes to the "small" and "large" protrusions in the experimental AFM images, respectively. The assignment of the protrusions in the AFM images to the EC and C domains was confirmed by changes in protrusion volume by Pgp-specific antibodies. The Pgp domains showed a considerable degree of conformational dynamics in time resolved AFM images. With this information, a model of Pgp conformational dynamics in a lipid bilayer is proposed within the context of the known Pgp X-ray crystal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Sigdel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - L A Wilt
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - B P Marsh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - A G Roberts
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States.
| | - G M King
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States; Joint with Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States.
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7
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Zarezin DP, Kabylda AM, Vinogradova VI, Dorovatovskii PV, Khrustalev VN, Nenajdenko VG. Efficient synthesis of tetrazole derivatives of cytisine using the azido-Ugi reaction. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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8
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Souza JBD, Souza JD, Castro LMLD, Siqueira MF, Savedra RML, Silva-Barcellos NM. Evaluation of the losartan solubility in the biowaiver context by shake-flask method and intrinsic dissolution. Pharm Dev Technol 2018; 24:283-292. [PMID: 29723078 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2018.1472610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed at evaluating the shake-flask use as a universal method to evaluate drug solubility in a biowaiver context as proposed by FDA, EMA and ANVISA. The solubility of losartan was determined in three buffers using the shake-flask method, intrinsic dissolution (ID) and Quantum Chemistry. Moreover, the evaluation of a losartan dissolution profile from coated tablets was conducted. The losartan low solubility in pH 1.2 and high solubility in pH 6.8 were observed using the shake-flask method. However, the solubility results using ID demonstrated its high solubility in pH 1.2 and 6.8. It was not possible to find conclusive results regarding the solubility of the drug in pH 4.5. The studies conducted by Quantum Chemistry provide molecular and electronic data that helped understand the losartan solvation in different pH values. Our experimental results defined that losartan can be classified as a low-solubility drug. In addition, this work shows that shake-flask cannot be a universal method of solubility studies in biowaiver context. Individual analysis will be necessary. The intrinsic dissolution should be considered as a complementary method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Braga de Souza
- a Escola de Farmácia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas - CiPharma, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto , Ouro Preto , Brazil
| | - Jacqueline de Souza
- a Escola de Farmácia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas - CiPharma, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto , Ouro Preto , Brazil
| | - Lara Maria Lopes de Castro
- a Escola de Farmácia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas - CiPharma, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto , Ouro Preto , Brazil
| | - Melissa Fabíola Siqueira
- b Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Departamento de Física , Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto , Ouro Preto , Brazil
| | - Ranylson Marcello Leal Savedra
- b Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Departamento de Física , Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto , Ouro Preto , Brazil
| | - Neila Márcia Silva-Barcellos
- a Escola de Farmácia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas - CiPharma, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto , Ouro Preto , Brazil
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9
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Dofe VS, Sarkate AP, Shaikh ZM, Gill CH. Ultrasound-assisted synthesis and antimicrobial activity of tetrazole-based pyrazole and pyrimidine derivatives. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/hc-2017-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
New tetrazole-based pyrazole and pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized by an ultrasound irradiation method. All compounds were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C NMR, mass spectrometry (MS) and elemental analysis and assessed in vitro for their efficacy as antimicrobial agents against four bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and two fungi (Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger). Compounds 8a, 8e, 9a, 9b and 9e show potent activity against the tested strains compared to the reference drugs chloramphenicol and clotrimazole.
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10
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Sharp PP, Garnier JM, Hatfaludi T, Xu Z, Segal D, Jarman KE, Jousset H, Garnham A, Feutrill JT, Cuzzupe A, Hall P, Taylor S, Walkley CR, Tyler D, Dawson MA, Czabotar P, Wilks AF, Glaser S, Huang DCS, Burns CJ. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Activity of 1,2,3-Triazolobenzodiazepine BET Bromodomain Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2017; 8:1298-1303. [PMID: 29259751 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of diazepines are known to inhibit bromo- and extra-terminal domain (BET) proteins. Their BET inhibitory activity derives from the fusion of an acetyl-lysine mimetic heterocycle onto the diazepine framework. Herein we describe a straightforward, modular synthesis of novel 1,2,3-triazolobenzodiazepines and show that the 1,2,3-triazole acts as an effective acetyl-lysine mimetic heterocycle. Structure-based optimization of this series of compounds led to the development of potent BET bromodomain inhibitors with excellent activity against leukemic cells, concomitant with a reduction in c-MYC expression. These novel benzodiazepines therefore represent a promising class of therapeutic BET inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip P. Sharp
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department
of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Jean-Marc Garnier
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department
of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Tamas Hatfaludi
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department
of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Zhen Xu
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department
of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - David Segal
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department
of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Kate E. Jarman
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department
of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Hélène Jousset
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department
of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Alexandra Garnham
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department
of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - John T. Feutrill
- Synthesis MedChem, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Anthony Cuzzupe
- Synthesis MedChem, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Peter Hall
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department
of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Scott Taylor
- St.
Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research and Department of Medicine, St Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Carl R. Walkley
- St.
Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research and Department of Medicine, St Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Dean Tyler
- Cancer
Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Mark A. Dawson
- Cancer
Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Department
of Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Sir
Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, East
Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Peter Czabotar
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department
of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Andrew F. Wilks
- Synthesis MedChem, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Stefan Glaser
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department
of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - David C. S. Huang
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department
of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Christopher J. Burns
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department
of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- School
of Chemistry, The Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
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11
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Dofe VS, Sarkate AP, Kathwate SH, Gill CH. Synthesis, antimicrobial activity and anti-biofilm activity of novel tetrazole derivatives. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/hc-2017-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractIn the development of antimicrobial agents, we designed and synthesized novel tetrazole derivatives. The structures of compounds
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12
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Nishimine T, Taira H, Mori S, Matsubara O, Tokunaga E, Akiyama H, Soloshonok VA, Shibata N. Synthesis of chiral (tetrazolyl)methyl-containing acrylates via silicon-induced organocatalytic kinetic resolution of Morita–Baylis–Hillman fluorides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:1128-1131. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc08830a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A new approach for the asymmetric installation of a (tetrazolyl)methyl group via Si/F activation using organocatalytic kinetic resolution of racemic MBH-fluorides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Nishimine
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Frontier Materials
- Nagoya Institute of Technology
- Showa-ku
- Japan
| | - Hiromi Taira
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Frontier Materials
- Nagoya Institute of Technology
- Showa-ku
- Japan
| | - Satoru Mori
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Frontier Materials
- Nagoya Institute of Technology
- Showa-ku
- Japan
| | - Okiya Matsubara
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Frontier Materials
- Nagoya Institute of Technology
- Showa-ku
- Japan
| | - Etsuko Tokunaga
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Frontier Materials
- Nagoya Institute of Technology
- Showa-ku
- Japan
| | - Hidehiko Akiyama
- Faculty of Medical Technology
- Fujita Health University
- Kutsukake-cho
- Japan
| | - Vadim A. Soloshonok
- Department of Organic Chemistry I
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
- Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3
- 20018 San Sebastián
| | - Norio Shibata
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Frontier Materials
- Nagoya Institute of Technology
- Showa-ku
- Japan
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13
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Maxwell BD, Tran SB. The synthesis of [1- 14 C]2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)acetic acid. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2016; 60:49-54. [PMID: 27966233 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Tetrazoles are a common heterocyclic functionality in many biologically active molecules. [1-14 C]2-(1H-Tetrazol-5-yl)acetic acid was required as an intermediate in the synthesis of a development candidate as part of a discovery phase program to complete metabolic profiling studies. [1-14 C]2-(1H-Tetrazol-5-yl)acetic acid was prepared in 4 steps overall and in 3 radiochemical steps from K14 CN in an overall 32% radiochemical yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad D Maxwell
- Research and Development, Discovery Chemistry Platforms-Radiochemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Scott B Tran
- Research and Development, Discovery Chemistry Platforms-Radiochemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
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14
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Wellnitz O, Zbinden C, Huang X, Bruckmaier RM. Short communication: Differential loss of bovine mammary epithelial barrier integrity in response to lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichoic acid. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:4851-4856. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-10927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Lassalas P, Gay B, Lasfargeas C, James MJ, Tran V, Vijayendran KG, Brunden KR, Kozlowski MC, Thomas CJ, Smith AB, Huryn DM, Ballatore C. Structure Property Relationships of Carboxylic Acid Isosteres. J Med Chem 2016; 59:3183-203. [PMID: 26967507 PMCID: PMC4833640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
replacement of a carboxylic acid with a surrogate structure,
or (bio)-isostere, is a classical strategy in medicinal chemistry.
The general underlying principle is that by maintaining the features
of the carboxylic acid critical for biological activity, but appropriately
modifying the physicochemical properties, improved analogs may result.
In this context, a systematic assessment of the physicochemical properties
of carboxylic acid isosteres would be desirable to enable more informed
decisions of potential replacements to be used for analog design.
Herein we report the structure–property relationships (SPR)
of 35 phenylpropionic acid derivatives, in which the carboxylic acid
moiety is replaced with a series of known isosteres. The data set
generated provides an assessment of the relative impact on the physicochemical
properties that these replacements may have compared to the carboxylic
acid analog. As such, this study presents a framework for how to rationally
apply isosteric replacements of the carboxylic acid functional group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierrik Lassalas
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Bryant Gay
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Caroline Lasfargeas
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Michael J James
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania , 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Van Tran
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Krishna G Vijayendran
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Kurt R Brunden
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania , 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Marisa C Kozlowski
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Craig J Thomas
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Amos B Smith
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Donna M Huryn
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Carlo Ballatore
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States.,Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania , 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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Bondaryk M, Łukowska-Chojnacka E, Staniszewska M. Tetrazole activity against Candida albicans. The role of KEX2 mutations in the sensitivity to (±)-1-[5-(2-chlorophenyl)-2H-tetrazol-2-yl]propan-2-yl acetate. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:2657-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.04.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Mitra P, Venitz J, Yuan Y, Zhang Y, Gerk PM. Preclinical disposition (in vitro) of novel μ-opioid receptor selective antagonists. Drug Metab Dispos 2011; 39:1589-96. [PMID: 21685245 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.111.038588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, two novel N-heterocyclic derivatives of naltrexone [designated 17-cyclopropylmethyl-3,14β-dihydroxy-4,5α-epoxy-6β-[(4'-pyridyl)acetamido]morphinan (NAP) and 17-cyclopropylmethyl-3,14β-dihydroxy-4,5α-epoxy-6α-[(3'-isoquinolyl) acetamido]morphinan (NAQ)] have been proposed as μ-opioid receptor (MOR) selective antagonists. The goal of this study was to examine their absorption and metabolism. The bidirectional transport of NAP and NAQ was determined in Caco-2 and MDCKII-MDR1 cells, and the permeability directional ratio (PDR) was estimated (PDR = P(app, B-A)/P(app, A-B), where P(app) is the apparent permeability, A is apical, and B is basolateral). Oxidative metabolism of NAQ (0.5-80 μM) and NAP (0.5-30 μM) was determined in pooled human liver microsomes. The reaction monitored the disappearance of NAQ/NAP. NAP and NAQ were quantitated by high-performance liquid chromatography-UV at 270 or 232 nm, respectively. The permeability of NAQ or NAP was similar to that of naltrexone or paracellular markers, respectively. NAP also exhibited a high PDR and was determined to be a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate. Unbound fractions in human plasma for NAQ and NAP were 0.026 ± 0.019 and 0.85 ± 0.12, respectively. The metabolic oxidative reaction rates, fitted to a Michaelis-Menten model, yielded K(m) and V(max) values of 15.8 ± 5.5 μM and 192 ± 24 pmol/min for NAQ and 1.8 ± 1.5 μM and 8.1 ± 1.4 pmol/min for NAP. Intrinsic hepatic clearance was estimated to be 13 and 5 ml · min(-1) · kg(-1) for NAQ and NAP, respectively. Neither NAQ nor NAP underwent detectable glucuronidation. Thus, NAP was a P-gp substrate with low apparent permeability, whereas NAQ was not a P-gp substrate and showed better permeability. Therefore, in contrast to NAP, NAQ would be more suitable for oral absorption and penetration of the blood-brain barrier, yielding potential pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic advantages over naltrexone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallabi Mitra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, 410 N. 12th St., Richmond, VA 23298-0533, USA
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Marasanapalle VP, Crison JR, Devarakonda KR, Li X, Jasti BR. Predictive models for drugs exhibiting negative food effects based on their biopharmaceutical characteristics. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2011; 37:1429-38. [PMID: 21615244 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2011.584193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT A drug is defined to exhibit food effects if its pharmacokinetic parameter, area under the curve (AUC₀₋∞) is different when co-administered with food in comparison with its administration on a fasted stomach. Food effects of drugs administered in immediate release dosage forms were classified as positive, negative, and no food effects. OBJECTIVE In this study, predictive models for negative food effects of drugs that are stable in the gastrointestinal tract and do not complex with Ca²⁺ are reported. METHODS An empirical model was developed using five drugs exhibiting negative food effects and seven drugs exhibiting no food effects by multiple regression analysis, based on biopharmaceutical properties generated from in vitro experiments. An oral absorption model was adopted for simulating negative food effects of model compounds using in situ rat intestinal permeability. RESULTS Analysis of selected model drugs indicated that percent food effects correlated to their dissociation constant, K (K(a) or K(b)) and Caco-2 permeabilities. The obtained predictive equation was: Food effect (%)=(2.60 x 10⁵·P(app))--(2.91 x 10⁵·K)--8.50. Applying the oral absorption model, the predicted food effects matched the trends of published negative food effects when the two experimental pH conditions of fed and fasted state intestinal environment were used. CONCLUSION A predictive model for negative food effects based on the correlation of food effects with dissociation constant and Caco-2 permeability was established and simulations of food effects using rat intestinal permeability supported the drugs? published negative food effects. Thus, an empirical and a mechanistic model as potential tools for predicting negative food effects are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venugopal P Marasanapalle
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Medicinal Chemistry, TJ Long School of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, USA
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Mitra P, Audus K, Williams G, Yazdanian M, Galinis D. A comprehensive study demonstrating that p-glycoprotein function is directly affected by changes in pH: implications for intestinal pH and effects on drug absorption. J Pharm Sci 2011; 100:4258-68. [PMID: 21538355 DOI: 10.1002/jps.22596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Revised: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether changes in the pH of the gastrointestinal tract can directly affect P-glycoprotein (P-gp) function. The effect of changes in extracellular pH on P-gp functionality was examined by testing colchicine (a nonionizable P-gp substrate) in bidirectional Caco-2 and MDR1-Madine Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell permeability assays, in which the pH of the apical and basolateral chambers was varied. Reduction of the pH from 7.4 to 5.0 and 4.5 markedly increased the apical-to-basolateral flux of colchicine and reduced the basolateral-to-apical flux. The efflux ratio for colchicine was reduced to 1.2 at pH 4.5, compared with values greater than 20 that were measured in the pH range of 5.5-7.4. A similar result was obtained when MDR1-MDCK cells were used in the bidirectional permeability studies. Other nonionizable P-gp substrates (digoxin, dexamethasone, paclitaxel, and etoposide) responded to acidic pH (4.5) in a manner similar to colchicine. Reduced P-gp ATPase activity is a reason for the diminished P-gp function observed at pH 4.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallabi Mitra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
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20
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Targeting drug transporters - combining in silico and in vitro approaches to predict in vivo. Methods Mol Biol 2010; 637:65-103. [PMID: 20419430 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-700-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Transporter proteins are expressed throughout the human body in different vital organs. They play an important role to various extents in determining absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADME/Tox) properties of therapeutic molecules. Over the past decade, numerous drug transporters have been cloned and considerable progress has been made toward understanding the molecular characteristics of individual transporters. In this chapter several in vitro and in silico techniques are described with applications to understand transporter behavior. These include employing new techniques to rapidly identify novel ligands for transporters. Ultimately these methods should lead to a greater overall appreciation of the role of transporters in vivo.
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Kamiyama E, Nakai D, Mikkaichi T, Okudaira N, Okazaki O. Interaction of angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers with P-gp substrates in Caco-2 cells and hMDR1-expressing membranes. Life Sci 2010; 86:52-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2009.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2009] [Revised: 10/08/2009] [Accepted: 11/05/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Dahan A, Miller JM, Amidon GL. Prediction of solubility and permeability class membership: provisional BCS classification of the world's top oral drugs. AAPS JOURNAL 2009; 11:740-6. [PMID: 19876745 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-009-9144-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2009] [Accepted: 09/15/2009] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) categorizes drugs into one of four biopharmaceutical classes according to their water solubility and membrane permeability characteristics and broadly allows the prediction of the rate-limiting step in the intestinal absorption process following oral administration. Since its introduction in 1995, the BCS has generated remarkable impact on the global pharmaceutical sciences arena, in drug discovery, development, and regulation, and extensive validation/discussion/extension of the BCS is continuously published in the literature. The BCS has been effectively implanted by drug regulatory agencies around the world in setting bioavailability/bioequivalence standards for immediate-release (IR) oral drug product approval. In this review, we describe the BCS scientific framework and impact on regulatory practice of oral drug products and review the provisional BCS classification of the top drugs on the global market. The Biopharmaceutical Drug Disposition Classification System and its association with the BCS are discussed as well. One notable finding of the provisional BCS classification is that the clinical performance of the majority of approved IR oral drug products essential for human health can be assured with an in vitro dissolution test, rather than empirical in vivo human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arik Dahan
- University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, USA
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Häcker HG, Leyers S, Wiendlocha J, Gütschow M, Wiese M. Aromatic 2-(thio)ureidocarboxylic acids as a new family of modulators of multidrug resistance-associated protein 1: synthesis, biological evaluation, and structure-activity relationships. J Med Chem 2009; 52:4586-95. [PMID: 19580319 DOI: 10.1021/jm900688v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Four series of aromatic carboxylic acids were prepared with a urea or thiourea moiety at the neighboring position to the carboxyl group and benzene or thiophene as aromatic scaffold. Using a calcein AM assay, these compounds were evaluated as inhibitors of multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) and selected compounds were examined toward P-glycoprotein (P-gp) as well as breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) to assess selectivity for MRP1. Two 2-thioureidobenzo[b]thiophene-3-carboxylic acids (48, 49) were identified as particularly potent inhibitors of MRP1, with IC50 values of around 1 microM. The structural features of this new family of nontoxic MRP1 inhibitors include a (thio)urea disubstituted with preferentially two alkyl groups at the terminal nitrogen and an additional fused aromatic ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Georg Häcker
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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25
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Knütter I, Kottra G, Fischer W, Daniel H, Brandsch M. High-affinity interaction of sartans with H+/peptide transporters. Drug Metab Dispos 2008; 37:143-9. [PMID: 18824524 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.108.022418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sartans are very effective drugs for treatment of hypertension, heart failure, and other cardiovascular disorders. They antagonize the effects of angiotensin II at the AT(1) receptor and display p.o. bioavailability rates of 13 to 80%. Because some sartans sterically resemble dipeptide derivatives, we investigated whether they are transported by peptide transporters. We first assessed the effects of sartans on [(14)C]glycylsarcosine uptake into Caco-2 cells expressing H(+)/peptide transporter (PEPT) 1 and into SKPT cells expressing PEPT2. Losartan, irbesartan, valsartan, and eprosartan inhibited [glycine-1-(14)C]glycylsarcosine ([(14)C]Gly-Sar) uptake into Caco-2 cells in a competitive manner with K(i) values of 24, 230, 390, and >1000 microM. Losartan and valsartan also strongly inhibited the total transepithelial flux of [(14)C]Gly-Sar across Caco-2 cell monolayers. In SKPT cells, [(14)C]Gly-Sar uptake was inhibited with K(i) values of 2.2 microM (losartan), 65 microM (irbesartan), 260 microM (valsartan), and 490 microM (eprosartan). We determined by the two-electrode voltage-clamp technique whether the compounds elicited transport currents by PEPT1 or PEPT2 when expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. No currents were observed for any of the sartans, but the compounds strongly and reversibly inhibited peptide-induced currents. Uptake of valsartan, losartan, and cefadroxil was quantified in HeLa cells after heterologous expression of human PEPT1 (hPEPT1). In contrast to cefadroxil, no PEPT1-specific uptake of valsartan and losartan was found. We conclude that the sartans tested in this study display high-affinity interaction with PEPTs but are not transported themselves. However, they strongly inhibit hPEPT1-mediated uptake of dipeptides and cefadroxil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilka Knütter
- Biozentrum of the Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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Chang C, Ekins S, Bahadduri P, Swaan PW. Pharmacophore-based discovery of ligands for drug transporters. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2006; 58:1431-50. [PMID: 17097188 PMCID: PMC1773055 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2006.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2006] [Accepted: 09/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The ability to identify ligands for drug transporters is an important step in drug discovery and development. It can both improve accurate profiling of lead pharmacokinetic properties and assist in the discovery of new chemical entities targeting transporters. In silico approaches, especially pharmacophore-based database screening methods have great potential in improving the throughput of current transporter ligand identification assays, leading to a higher hit rate by focusing in vitro testing to the most promising hits. In this review, the potential of different in silico methods in transporter ligand identification studies are compared and summarized with an emphasis on pharmacophore modeling. Various implementations of pharmacophore model generation, database compilation and flexible screening algorithms are also introduced. Recent successful utilization of database searching with pharmacophores to identify novel ligands for the pharmaceutically significant transporters hPepT1, P-gp, BCRP, MRP1 and DAT are reviewed and the challenges encountered with current approaches are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy,
University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 and
| | - Sean Ekins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy,
University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 and
- ACT LLC, 1 Penn Plaza-36th Floor, New York, NY 10119
| | - Praveen Bahadduri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy,
University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 and
| | - Peter W. Swaan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy,
University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 and
- Author for correspondence: Peter W. Swaan, Ph.D., Department of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, 20 Penn Street, HSF2-621, University of Maryland,
Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21201, Tel: 410-706 –0130, Fax:
410-706-5017,
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Varma MVS, Perumal OP, Panchagnula R. Functional role of P-glycoprotein in limiting peroral drug absorption: optimizing drug delivery. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2006; 10:367-73. [PMID: 16814593 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2006] [Accepted: 06/16/2006] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) associated multi-drug resistance is one of the major challenges in the chemotherapy of various cancers. On the other hand, it is now widely recognized that P-gp influences drug transport across various biological membranes. To this end, there is an increasing trend to optimize pharmacokinetics and drug delivery right from the initial stages of drug discovery by exploring all the possible mechanisms involved in 'deliverability'. Recent advances in molecular biology techniques and biochemical characterization methodologies have helped in identification of various transporters involved in absorption or secretion of drugs. P-gp, an efflux pump expressed along the gastrointestinal tract, limits the permeability of many drugs and thus affects their peroral absorption and bioavailability. A fundamental insight and thorough understanding of P-gp and its functional role in limiting drug absorption is critical to improve predictability of dynamic absorption models and aid in selection of new candidates for development, and also widen the scope of peroral delivery for 'challenging' molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manthena V S Varma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 308 Harvard Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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