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Self-assembled zein organogels as in situ forming implant drug delivery system and 3D printing ink. Int J Pharm 2022; 627:122206. [PMID: 36126824 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Recently, biomedical applications of organogels have been increasing; however, there is a demand for bio-based polymers. Here, we report self-assembled zein organogels in N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and glycerol formal (GF). The gel formation was driven by the solvent's polarity and the hydrogen bonding component of Hansen Solubility Parameters was important in promoting gelation. Gels exhibited shear-thinning and thixotropic properties. Furthermore, water-induced self-assembly of zein allows mechanically robust in situ implant formation by solvent exchange. Ciprofloxacin was incorporated as a model drug and sustained release depending upon the solvent exchange rate was observed. In situ implants in agarose gel retained antibacterial efficacy against S. aureus for more than 14 days. Zein-based organogels were further applied as 3D printing ink and it was found that zein gel in DMSO had superior printability than gels prepared in NMP and GF. Using three solvents to prepare organogels can enable the encapsulation of various drugs and facilitate the preparation of composite gels with other biocompatible polymers. These organogel systems can further be used for developing 3D printed drug delivery systems or scaffolds for tissue engineering.
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Li P, Gao Z, Tan Z, Xiao J, Wei L, Chen Y. New developments in anti-biofilm intervention towards effective management of orthopedic device related infections (ODRI's). BIOFOULING 2021; 37:1-35. [PMID: 33618584 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2020.1869725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Orthopedic device related infections (ODRI's) represent a difficult to treat situation owing to their biofilm based nature. Biofilm infections once established are difficult to eradicate even with an aggressive treatment regimen due to their recalcitrance towards antibiotics and immune attack. The involvement of antibiotic resistant pathogens as the etiological agent further worsens the overall clinical picture, pressing on the need to look into alternative treatment strategies. The present review highlightes the microbiological challenges associated with treatment of ODRI's due to biofilm formation on the implant surface. Further, it details the newer anti-infective modalities that work either by preventing biofilm formation and/or through effective disruption of the mature biofilms formed on the medical implant. The study, therefore aims to provide a comprehensive insight into the newer anti-biofilm interventions (non-antibiotic approaches) and a better understanding of their mechanism of action essential for improved management of orthopedic implant infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Ya'an People's Hospital, Yaan City, China
| | - Zhenwu Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan City, China
| | - Zhenwei Tan
- Department of Orthopedics, Western Theater Air Force Hospital of PLA, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Ya'an People's Hospital, Yaan City, China
| | - Li Wei
- Nursing Department, Three Gorges Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yirui Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Three Gorges Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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Guzzo T, Barile F, Marras C, Bellini D, Mandaliti W, Nepravishta R, Paci M, Topai A. Stability Evaluation and Degradation Studies of DAC ® Hyaluronic-Polylactide Based Hydrogel by DOSY NMR Spectroscopy. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1478. [PMID: 33114342 PMCID: PMC7690892 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The stability and the degradation of polymers in physiological conditions are very important issues in biomedical applications. The copolymer of hyaluronic acid and poly-D,L-lactic acid (made available in a product called DAC®) produces a hydrogel which retains the hydrophobic character of the poly-D,L-lactide sidechains and the hydrophilic character of a hyaluronic acid backbone. This hydrogel is a suitable device for the coating of orthopedic implants with structured surfaces. In fact, this gel creates a temporary barrier to bacterial adhesion by inhibiting colonization, thus preventing the formation of the biofilm and the onset of an infection. Reabsorbed in about 72 h after the implant, this hydrogel does not hinder bone growth processes. In the need to assess stability and degradation of both the hyaluronan backbone and of the polylactic chains along time and temperature, we identified NMR spectroscopy as a privileged technique for the characterization of the released species, and we applied diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY-NMR) for the investigation of molecular weight dispersion. Our diffusion studies of DAC® in physiological conditions provided a full understanding of the product degradation by overcoming the limitations observed in applying classical chromatography approaches by gel permeation UV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Guzzo
- Colosseum Combinatorial Chemistry Centre for Technology S.r.l (C4T), Via della Ricerca Scientifica snc, 00133 Rome, Italy; (T.G.); (F.B.); (C.M.)
| | - Fabio Barile
- Colosseum Combinatorial Chemistry Centre for Technology S.r.l (C4T), Via della Ricerca Scientifica snc, 00133 Rome, Italy; (T.G.); (F.B.); (C.M.)
| | - Cecilia Marras
- Colosseum Combinatorial Chemistry Centre for Technology S.r.l (C4T), Via della Ricerca Scientifica snc, 00133 Rome, Italy; (T.G.); (F.B.); (C.M.)
| | | | - Walter Mandaliti
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (W.M.); (R.N.); (M.P.)
| | - Ridvan Nepravishta
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (W.M.); (R.N.); (M.P.)
| | - Maurizio Paci
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (W.M.); (R.N.); (M.P.)
| | - Alessandra Topai
- Colosseum Combinatorial Chemistry Centre for Technology S.r.l (C4T), Via della Ricerca Scientifica snc, 00133 Rome, Italy; (T.G.); (F.B.); (C.M.)
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Novel Chlorhexidine-Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles for Root Canal Treatment. J Funct Biomater 2018; 9:jfb9020029. [PMID: 29673188 PMCID: PMC6023436 DOI: 10.3390/jfb9020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistence of microorganisms in dentinal tubules after root canal chemo-mechanical preparation has been well documented. The complex anatomy of the root canal and dentinal buffering ability make delivery of antimicrobial agents difficult. This work explores the use of a novel trilayered nanoparticle (TNP) drug delivery system that encapsulates chlorhexidine digluconate, which is aimed at improving the disinfection of the root canal system. Chlorhexidine digluconate was encapsulated inside polymeric self-assembled TNPs. These were self-assembled through water-in-oil emulsion from poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(lactic acid) (PEG-b-PLA), a di-block copolymer, with one hydrophilic segment and another hydrophobic. The resulting TNPs were physicochemically characterized and their antimicrobial effectiveness was evaluated against Enterococcus faecalis using a broth inhibition method. The hydrophilic interior of the TNPs successfully entrapped chlorhexidine digluconate. The resulting TNPs had particle size ranging from 140–295 nm, with adequate encapsulation efficiency, and maintained inhibition of bacteria over 21 days. The delivery of antibacterial irrigants throughout the dentinal matrix by employing the TNP system described in this work may be an effective alternative to improve root canal disinfection.
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Kovalainen M, Kamakura R, Riikonen J, Finnilä M, Nissinen T, Rantanen J, Niemelä M, Perämäki P, Mäkinen M, Herzig KH, Lehto VP. Biodegradation of inorganic drug delivery systems in subcutaneous conditions. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 122:113-125. [PMID: 29056485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite extensive efforts to develop delivery systems for oral administration, subcutaneous (s.c.) injection remains the most common way to administer peptide drugs. To limit the number of frequent injections, sustained release systems that are easy to produce, suitable for various drugs, safe and biodegradable are urgently needed. Porous silicon (PSi) has been recognized to be one of the most promising materials for s.c. peptide delivery, but its biodegradation in s.c. tissue has not been studied in vivo, despite extensive in vitro research. In the present study, differently modified PSi microparticles were injected s.c. in mice, after which the morphology of the particles was thoroughly studied with transmission electron microscopy, micro-computed tomography and X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, histopathology of the s.c. tissue was analyzed to evaluate biocompatibility. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic study which reveals the degradation behavior of various PSi materials in vivo. The PSi surface chemistry significantly affected the biodegradation rate of the s.c. injected microparticles. The most hydrophobic PSi microparticles with hydrocarbonized surface showed the lowest biodegradation rate while the hydrophilic microparticles, with oxide surface, degraded the fastest. The results from different empirical methods complemented each other to deduce the biodegradation mechanism of the inorganic delivery system, providing useful information for future development of s.c. carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kovalainen
- Research Unit of Biomedicine & Biocenter of Oulu, Faculty of Medicine, P.O. Box 5000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland.
| | - R Kamakura
- Research Unit of Biomedicine & Biocenter of Oulu, Faculty of Medicine, P.O. Box 5000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland
| | - J Riikonen
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Forestry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - M Finnilä
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, P.O. Box 5000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland
| | - T Nissinen
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Forestry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - J Rantanen
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Forestry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - M Niemelä
- Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, P.O.Box 3000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland
| | - P Perämäki
- Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, P.O.Box 3000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland
| | - M Mäkinen
- Cancer Research and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, P.O. Box 5000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland
| | - K H Herzig
- Research Unit of Biomedicine & Biocenter of Oulu, Faculty of Medicine, P.O. Box 5000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland; Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland; Medical Research Center (MRC) and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - V P Lehto
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Forestry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
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Rabin C, Liang Y, Ehrlichman RS, Budhian A, Metzger KL, Majewski-Tiedeken C, Winey KI, Siegel SJ. In vitro and in vivo demonstration of risperidone implants in mice. Schizophr Res 2008; 98:66-78. [PMID: 17765477 PMCID: PMC2561216 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2007.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2007] [Revised: 07/30/2007] [Accepted: 08/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-adherence with medication is a critical limitation in current long-term treatment of schizophrenia and a primary factor in poor quality-of-life outcomes. However, few treatments have addressed this shortcoming using an implantable drug delivery approach. The goal of this study was to provide in vitro and in vivo proof of concept for a long-term implantable risperidone delivery system in mice. METHODS Implantable formulations of risperidone were created using the biodegradable polymer Poly Lactic co Glycolic Acid (PLGA) combined with various drug loads. Implant bioactivity was tested using in vitro release and stability studies, as well as in vivo pharmacokinetic and behavioral studies in mice. RESULTS The pattern of risperidone release is influenced by various parameters, including polymer composition and drug load. In vitro measures demonstrate that risperidone is stable in implants under physiological conditions. Behavioral measures demonstrate the bioactivity of risperidone implants delivering 3 mg/kg/day in mice, while pharmacokinetic analyses indicate that reversibility is maintained throughout the delivery interval. CONCLUSIONS The current report suggests that implantable formulations are a viable approach to providing long-term delivery of antipsychotic medications based on in vivo animal studies and pharmacokinetics. Implantable medications demonstrated here can last two months or longer while maintaining coherence and removability past full release, suggesting a potential paradigm shift in the long-term treatment of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rabin
- Stanley Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, United States
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