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Cano-Vega MA, Arango-Salazar LM, Pinal R. Tunable Drug Release Rate Using Modular Oral Dosage Forms. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1905. [PMID: 37514091 PMCID: PMC10384941 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral dosage forms with adjustable drug release profiles were prepared using progesterone (PGR) as a poorly-soluble model drug. The dosage forms were made as stack assemblies of functional modules. The modules were made as PGR-carrying HPMC films cut into wafer-like circular pieces. Two types of modules were used in the study; one exhibited comparatively fast drug release and the other slow release. The fast vs. slow release of each type of film utilized resulted from the grade of HPMC used in each case. Drug loading in the assembly was controlled through the total number of modules. By adjusting the proportions of the two types of modules, it is possible to fine-tune the drug release rate of the multi-layer assemblies to a wide range of profiles, bracketed between a high and low end, corresponding to the inherently fastest or slowest release obtainable with the specific materials and procedures employed. This procedure is suitable for adjusting the spring-and-parachute parameters for enhancing/optimizing the bioavailability of poorly-soluble drugs, and for developing patient-centric formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario A Cano-Vega
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Laura M Arango-Salazar
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Rodolfo Pinal
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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2
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Melocchi A, Uboldi M, Briatico-Vangosa F, Moutaharrik S, Cerea M, Foppoli A, Maroni A, Palugan L, Zema L, Gazzaniga A. The Chronotopic™ System for Pulsatile and Colonic Delivery of Active Molecules in the Era of Precision Medicine: Feasibility by 3D Printing via Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM). Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13050759. [PMID: 34065414 PMCID: PMC8161275 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The pulsatile-release Chronotopic™ system was conceived of as a drug-containing core surrounded by a coat made of swellable/soluble hydrophilic polymers, the latter being able to provide a programmable lag phase prior to drug liberation. This system was also proposed in a colon-targeting configuration, entailing a gastroresistant film to prevent early interaction of the inner coat with gastric fluids and enabling the attainment of a lag phase matching the small intestinal transit time. Over the years, various multiple-step manufacturing processes have been tested for the fabrication of the Chronotopic™ system in both its configurations. This work focused on the evaluation of 3D printing by fused deposition modeling in view of its potential towards product personalization, on demand one-step manufacturing and efficient scale down of batches. The feasibility of each part of the Chronotopic™ system was independently investigated starting from in-house made filaments, characterizing the resulting specimens for physico-technological and performance characteristics. The printing parameters identified as suitable during the set-up phase were then used to fabricate prototypes either in a single step for the pulsatile configuration or following two different fabrication approaches for the colon-targeting one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Melocchi
- Sezione di Tecnologia e Legislazione Farmaceutiche “M. E. Sangalli”, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.M.); (M.U.); (S.M.); (M.C.); (A.F.); (A.M.); (L.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Marco Uboldi
- Sezione di Tecnologia e Legislazione Farmaceutiche “M. E. Sangalli”, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.M.); (M.U.); (S.M.); (M.C.); (A.F.); (A.M.); (L.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Francesco Briatico-Vangosa
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Saliha Moutaharrik
- Sezione di Tecnologia e Legislazione Farmaceutiche “M. E. Sangalli”, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.M.); (M.U.); (S.M.); (M.C.); (A.F.); (A.M.); (L.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Matteo Cerea
- Sezione di Tecnologia e Legislazione Farmaceutiche “M. E. Sangalli”, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.M.); (M.U.); (S.M.); (M.C.); (A.F.); (A.M.); (L.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Anastasia Foppoli
- Sezione di Tecnologia e Legislazione Farmaceutiche “M. E. Sangalli”, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.M.); (M.U.); (S.M.); (M.C.); (A.F.); (A.M.); (L.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Alessandra Maroni
- Sezione di Tecnologia e Legislazione Farmaceutiche “M. E. Sangalli”, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.M.); (M.U.); (S.M.); (M.C.); (A.F.); (A.M.); (L.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Luca Palugan
- Sezione di Tecnologia e Legislazione Farmaceutiche “M. E. Sangalli”, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.M.); (M.U.); (S.M.); (M.C.); (A.F.); (A.M.); (L.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Lucia Zema
- Sezione di Tecnologia e Legislazione Farmaceutiche “M. E. Sangalli”, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.M.); (M.U.); (S.M.); (M.C.); (A.F.); (A.M.); (L.P.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-025-032-4654
| | - Andrea Gazzaniga
- Sezione di Tecnologia e Legislazione Farmaceutiche “M. E. Sangalli”, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.M.); (M.U.); (S.M.); (M.C.); (A.F.); (A.M.); (L.P.); (A.G.)
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3
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Asian J, Quenta E, Castillo JL. Do viscosity and wettability of fluoride varnishes affect their fluoride release? J Clin Exp Dent 2021; 13:e221-e226. [PMID: 33680323 PMCID: PMC7920555 DOI: 10.4317/jced.56985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There are several brands of fluoride varnishes in the market, but the dynamics of fluoride release from each one might be different. The purpose of this study was to evaluate in vitro the release of fluorides by fluoride varnishes and to determine the correlation with viscosity and wettability.
Material and Methods Forty four enamel blocks 5x5 mm were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=11) ((Duraphat®, Clinpro™ White Varnish, Flúor Protector® and control). We applied 30 milligrams of fluoride varnish to each specimen. The specimens were immersed in a Calcium Phosphate solution at a pH= 6.0. We evaluated the release of fluoride, by using a selective fluoride electrode, during 6 weeks. Viscosity was measured using an Oswald Viscosimeter and the wettability was determined by measuring the contact angle between the varnish and the enamel slab. The statistical analysis was performed using Analysis of variance.
Results Duraphat showed the highest fluoride release from the second weekend beyond (p<0.001) and Clinpro the greatest rate of release. Duraphat release was the steadiest throughout the experiment. Duraphat showed the highest viscosity and the lowest wettability (p<0.001) and Fluor Protector showed the highest wettability (p<0.001). There was a positive correlation between the release of fluoride and the viscosity and a negative correlation between fluoride release and wettability (r>0.7). Conclusions Viscosity and wettability influence the release of fluoride from fluoride varnishes. Key words:Fluorides topical, viscosity, wettability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackeline Asian
- Professor, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, School of Stomatology, Department of Dentistry for Children and Adolescents,Lima, Peru
| | - Edgar Quenta
- Professor, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, School of Stomatology, Department of Dentistry for Children and Adolescents,Lima, Peru
| | - Jorge L Castillo
- Professor, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, School of Stomatology, Department of Dentistry for Children and Adolescents,Lima, Peru
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Foppoli A, Cerea M, Palugan L, Zema L, Melocchi A, Maroni A, Gazzaniga A. Evaluation of powder-layering vs. spray-coating techniques in the manufacturing of a swellable/erodible pulsatile delivery system. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2020; 46:1230-1237. [PMID: 32597251 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2020.1788060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A swellable/erodible system for oral time-dependent release, demonstrated to provide consistent pulsatile and colonic delivery performance, has been manufactured through a range of coating techniques to achieve the functional hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) layer. Although aqueous spray-coating has long been preferred, the processing times and yields still represent open issues, especially in view of the considerable amount of polymer required to give in vivo lag phases of proper duration. To make manufacturing of the delivery system more cost-efficient, different coating modes were thus evaluated, namely top and tangential spray-coating as well as powder-layering, using a fluid bed equipment. To this aim, disintegrating tablets of 5 mm in diameter, containing a tracer drug, were coated up to 50% weight gain with low-viscosity HPMC, either as a water solution or as a powder formulation. In all cases, process feasibility was assessed following setup of the operating conditions. Irrespective of the technique employed, the resulting dosage forms exhibited uniform coating layers able to defer the onset of release as a function of the amount of polymer applied. The structure and thickness of such layers differed depending on the deposition modes. With respect to top spray-, both tangential spray-coating and powder-layering were shown to remarkably ameliorate the process time, which was reduced to approximately 1/3 and 1/6, and to enhance the yield by almost 20 and 30%, respectively. Clear advantages associated with such techniques were thus highlighted, particularly with respect to powder-layering here newly proposed for application of a swellable hydrophilic cellulose derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Foppoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo Cerea
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Palugan
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Lucia Zema
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Alice Melocchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Maroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Gazzaniga
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
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5
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Foppoli A, Maroni A, Palugan L, Zema L, Moutaharrik S, Melocchi A, Cerea M, Gazzaniga A. Erodible coatings based on HPMC and cellulase for oral time-controlled release of drugs. Int J Pharm 2020; 585:119425. [PMID: 32473374 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oral drug delivery systems for time-controlled release, intended for chronotherapy or colon targeting, are often in the form of coated dosage forms provided with swellable/soluble hydrophilic polymer coatings. These are responsible for programmable lag phases prior to release, due to their progressive hydration in the biological fluids. When based on high-viscosity polymers and/or manufactured by press-coating, the performance of functional hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) layers was not fully satisfactory. Particularly, it encompassed an initial phase of slow release because of outward diffusion of the drug through a persistent gel barrier surrounding the core. To promote erosion of such a barrier, the use of a cellulolytic product (Sternzym® C13030) was here explored. For this purpose, the mass loss behavior of tableted matrices based on various HPMC grades, containing increasing percentages of Sternzym® C13030, was preliminarily studied, highlighting a clear and concentration-dependent effect of the enzyme especially with high-viscosity polymers. Subsequently, Sternzym® C13030-containing systems, wherein the cellulolytic product was either incorporated into a high-viscosity HPMC coating or formed a separate underlying layer, were manufactured. Evaluated for release, such systems gave rise to more reproducible profiles, with shortened lag phases and reduced diffusional release, as compared to the reference formulation devoid of enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Foppoli
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Tecnologia e Legislazione Farmaceutiche "Maria Edvige Sangalli", via G. Colombo 71, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Maroni
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Tecnologia e Legislazione Farmaceutiche "Maria Edvige Sangalli", via G. Colombo 71, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Luca Palugan
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Tecnologia e Legislazione Farmaceutiche "Maria Edvige Sangalli", via G. Colombo 71, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Lucia Zema
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Tecnologia e Legislazione Farmaceutiche "Maria Edvige Sangalli", via G. Colombo 71, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Saliha Moutaharrik
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Tecnologia e Legislazione Farmaceutiche "Maria Edvige Sangalli", via G. Colombo 71, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alice Melocchi
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Tecnologia e Legislazione Farmaceutiche "Maria Edvige Sangalli", via G. Colombo 71, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo Cerea
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Tecnologia e Legislazione Farmaceutiche "Maria Edvige Sangalli", via G. Colombo 71, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Gazzaniga
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Tecnologia e Legislazione Farmaceutiche "Maria Edvige Sangalli", via G. Colombo 71, 20133 Milano, Italy
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6
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Hua S. Advances in Oral Drug Delivery for Regional Targeting in the Gastrointestinal Tract - Influence of Physiological, Pathophysiological and Pharmaceutical Factors. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:524. [PMID: 32425781 PMCID: PMC7212533 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral route is by far the most common route of drug administration in the gastrointestinal tract and can be used for both systemic drug delivery and for treating local gastrointestinal diseases. It is the most preferred route by patients, due to its advantages, such as ease of use, non-invasiveness, and convenience for self-administration. Formulations can also be designed to enhance drug delivery to specific regions in the upper or lower gastrointestinal tract. Despite the clear advantages offered by the oral route, drug delivery can be challenging as the human gastrointestinal tract is complex and displays a number of physiological barriers that affect drug delivery. Among these challenges are poor drug stability, poor drug solubility, and low drug permeability across the mucosal barriers. Attempts to overcome these issues have focused on improved understanding of the physiology of the gastrointestinal tract in both healthy and diseased states. Innovative pharmaceutical approaches have also been explored to improve regional drug targeting in the gastrointestinal tract, including nanoparticulate formulations. This review will discuss the physiological, pathophysiological, and pharmaceutical considerations influencing drug delivery for the oral route of administration, as well as the conventional and novel drug delivery approaches. The translational challenges and development aspects of novel formulations will also be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Hua
- Therapeutic Targeting Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
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7
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3D printing by fused deposition modeling of single- and multi-compartment hollow systems for oral delivery – A review. Int J Pharm 2020; 579:119155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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8
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Foppoli A, Maroni A, Moutaharrik S, Melocchi A, Zema L, Palugan L, Cerea M, Gazzaniga A. In vitro and human pharmacoscintigraphic evaluation of an oral 5-ASA delivery system for colonic release. Int J Pharm 2019; 572:118723. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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9
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Hadjittofis E, Isbell MA, Karde V, Varghese S, Ghoroi C, Heng JYY. Influences of Crystal Anisotropy in Pharmaceutical Process Development. Pharm Res 2018; 35:100. [PMID: 29556822 PMCID: PMC5859710 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-018-2374-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Crystalline materials are of crucial importance to the pharmaceutical industry, as a large number of APIs are formulated in crystalline form, occasionally in the presence of crystalline excipients. Owing to their multifaceted character, crystals were found to have strongly anisotropic properties. In fact, anisotropic properties were found to be quite important for a number of processes including milling, granulation and tableting. An understanding of crystal anisotropy and an ability to control and predict crystal anisotropy are mostly subjects of interest for researchers. A number of studies dealing with the aforementioned phenomena are grounded on over-simplistic assumptions, neglecting key attributes of crystalline materials, most importantly the anisotropic nature of a number of their properties. Moreover, concepts such as the influence of interfacial phenomena in the behaviour of crystalline materials during their growth and in vivo, are still poorly understood. The review aims to address concepts from a molecular perspective, focusing on crystal growth and dissolution. It begins with a brief outline of fundamental concepts of intermolecular and interfacial phenomena. The second part discusses their relevance to the field of pharmaceutical crystal growth and dissolution. Particular emphasis is given to works dealing with mechanistic understandings of the influence of solvents and additives on crystal habit. Furthermore, comments and perspectives, highlighting future directions for the implementation of fundamental concepts of interfacial phenomena in the rational understanding of crystal growth and dissolution processes, have been provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eftychios Hadjittofis
- Surfaces and Particle Engineering Laboratory (SPEL), Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Mark Antonin Isbell
- Surfaces and Particle Engineering Laboratory (SPEL), Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Vikram Karde
- Surfaces and Particle Engineering Laboratory (SPEL), Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Sophia Varghese
- DryProTech Laboratory, Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Chinmay Ghoroi
- DryProTech Laboratory, Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Jerry Y Y Heng
- Surfaces and Particle Engineering Laboratory (SPEL), Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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Li M, Sander S, Duan J, Rosencrance S, Miksinski SP, Yu L, Seo P, Rege B. Scientific and Regulatory Considerations in Solid Oral Modified Release Drug Product Development. AAPS JOURNAL 2016; 18:1406-1417. [PMID: 27650190 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-016-9974-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review presents scientific and regulatory considerations for the development of solid oral modified release (MR) drug products. It includes a rationale for patient-focused development based on Quality-by-Design (QbD) principles. Product and process understanding of MR products includes identification and risk-based evaluation of critical material attributes (CMAs), critical process parameters (CPPs), and their impact on critical quality attributes (CQAs) that affect the clinical performance. The use of various biopharmaceutics tools that link the CQAs to a predictable and reproducible clinical performance for patient benefit is emphasized. Product and process understanding lead to a more comprehensive control strategy that can maintain product quality through the shelf life and the lifecycle of the drug product. The overall goal is to develop MR products that consistently meet the clinical objectives while mitigating the risks to patients by reducing the probability and increasing the detectability of CQA failures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Office of New Drug Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Sanna Sander
- Division of Modified Release Products, Office of Lifecycle Drug Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - John Duan
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Office of New Drug Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Susan Rosencrance
- Office of Lifecycle Drug Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Sarah Pope Miksinski
- Office of New Drug Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Lawrence Yu
- Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Paul Seo
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Office of New Drug Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Bhagwant Rege
- Division of Modified Release Products, Office of Lifecycle Drug Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
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11
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In vitro and in vivo evaluation of an oral multiple-unit formulation for colonic delivery of insulin. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 108:76-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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12
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Maroni A, Zema L, Cerea M, Foppoli A, Palugan L, Gazzaniga A. Erodible drug delivery systems for time-controlled release into the gastrointestinal tract. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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13
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Macchi E, Zema L, Maroni A, Gazzaniga A, Felton L. Enteric-coating of pulsatile-release HPC capsules prepared by injection molding. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 70:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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14
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Del Curto MD, Palugan L, Foppoli A, Zema L, Gazzaniga A, Maroni A. Erodible Time‐Dependent Colon Delivery Systems with Improved Efficiency in Delaying the Onset of Drug Release. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:3585-3593. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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15
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Film coatings for oral colon delivery. Int J Pharm 2013; 457:372-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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16
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Overcoming therapeutic obstacles in inflammatory bowel diseases: A comprehensive review on novel drug delivery strategies. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 49:712-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Maroni A, Zema L, Loreti G, Palugan L, Gazzaniga A. Film coatings for oral pulsatile release. Int J Pharm 2013; 457:362-71. [PMID: 23506956 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pulsatile delivery is generally intended as a release of the active ingredient that is delayed for a programmable period of time to meet particular chronotherapeutic needs and, in the case of oral administration, also target distal intestinal regions, such as the colon. Most oral pulsatile delivery platforms consist in coated formulations wherein the applied polymer serves as the release-controlling agent. When exposed to aqueous media, the coating initially performs as a protective barrier and, subsequently, undergoes a timely failure based on diverse mechanisms depending on its physico-chemical and formulation characteristics. Indeed, it may be ruptured because of the gradual expansion of the core, swell and/or erode due to the glassy-rubbery polymer transition or become permeable thus allowing the drug molecules to diffuse outwards. Otherwise, when the coating is a semipermeable membrane provided with one or more orifices, the drug is released through the latter as a result of an osmotic water influx. The vast majority of pulsatile delivery systems described so far have been prepared by spray-coating, which offers important versatility and feasibility advantages over other techniques such as press- and dip-coating. In the present article, the design, manufacturing and performance of spray-coated pulsatile delivery platforms is thus reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Maroni
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Tecnologia e Legislazione Farmaceutiche "Maria Edvige Sangalli", Via G. Colombo 71, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Zema L, Loreti G, Macchi E, Foppoli A, Maroni A, Gazzaniga A. Injection-Molded Capsular Device for Oral Pulsatile Release: Development of a Novel Mold. J Pharm Sci 2013; 102:489-99. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.23371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Polymeric coatings for a multiple-unit pulsatile delivery system: preliminary study on free and applied films. Int J Pharm 2012; 440:256-63. [PMID: 22688248 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.05.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Revised: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In order to adapt a previously described swellable/erodible pulsatile delivery system to a multiple-unit configuration, insoluble films with adequate permeability and flexibility were proposed for application to its functional hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) layer. By slowing down the penetration of water into the system, such films would be expected to improve the relevant effectiveness in delaying the onset of release without possibly impacting on the mechanism involved. Free films of Eudragit(®)NE containing differing amounts (10-20%) of a superdisintegrant, i.e. Explotab(®)V17, Ac-Di-Sol(®), Kollidon(®)CL or Kollidon(®)CL-M, were prepared by spraying technique and evaluated for hydration, permeability and tensile properties. The hydration and permeability characteristics were enhanced by the addition of the superdisintegrants, generally as a function of their concentration. Explotab(®)V17 was shown particularly useful to increase the film permeability. Moreover, it exerted a minor impact on the advantageous tensile properties of the acrylic polymer, especially in the wet state. Based on these results and on a preliminary release study performed with two-layer devices, the Eudragit(®)NE film with Explotab(®)V17 at the highest investigated percentage was identified as a potential formulation candidate for being applied to HPMC-coated cores thus allowing the onset of release to effectively be delayed by coatings of reduced thickness.
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Maroni A, Zema L, Del Curto MD, Foppoli A, Gazzaniga A. Oral colon delivery of insulin with the aid of functional adjuvants. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:540-56. [PMID: 22086142 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oral colon delivery is currently considered of importance not only for the treatment of local pathologies, such as primarily inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but also as a means of accomplishing systemic therapeutic goals. Although the large bowel fails to be ideally suited for absorption processes, it may indeed offer a number of advantages over the small intestine, including a long transit time, lower levels of peptidases and higher responsiveness to permeation enhancers. Accordingly, it has been under extensive investigation as a possible strategy to improve the oral bioavailability of peptide and protein drugs. Because of a strong underlying rationale, most of these studies have focused on insulin. In the present review, the impact of key anatomical and physiological characteristics of the colon on its viability as a protein release site is discussed. Moreover, the main formulation approaches to oral colon targeting are outlined along with the design features and performance of insulin-based devices.
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Injection Molding and its application to drug delivery. J Control Release 2012; 159:324-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Gazzaniga A, Cerea M, Cozzi A, Foppoli A, Maroni A, Zema L. A novel injection-molded capsular device for oral pulsatile delivery based on swellable/erodible polymers. AAPS PharmSciTech 2011; 12:295-303. [PMID: 21267684 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-011-9581-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2010] [Accepted: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The feasibility of injection molding was explored in the preparation of a novel capsular device for oral pulsatile/delayed delivery based on swellable/erodible polymers. For this purpose, a mold intended to be coupled with a bench-top injection-molding press was designed. This was expected to enable the preparation of matching capsule cap and body items within a single manufacturing cycle and the selection of differing shell thicknesses (300, 600, and 900 μm). Hydroxypropylcellulose (Klucel(®) EF, LF, and GF) was employed as the release-controlling polymer in admixture with polyethylene glycol 1500 (10%, w/w) as the plasticizer. After preliminary trials aimed at the setup of operating conditions, Klucel(®) EF and LF capsule shells with satisfactory technological properties were manufactured. The performance of capsular devices filled with a tracer drug powder was studied by means of a modified USP31 disintegration apparatus. Typical in vitro delayed release patterns were thereby obtained, with lag time increasing as a function of the wall thickness. A good correlation was found between the latter parameter and t (10%), i.e., the time to 10% release, for both polymer grades employed. On the basis of the overall results, the investigated technique was proven suitable for the manufacturing of an innovative pulsatile release platform.
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Oral pulsatile delivery: Rationale and chronopharmaceutical formulations. Int J Pharm 2010; 398:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Revised: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 07/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Del Curto MD, Maroni A, Foppoli A, Zema L, Gazzaniga A, Sangalli ME. Preparation and evaluation of an oral delivery system for time-dependent colon release of insulin and selected protease inhibitor and absorption enhancer compounds. J Pharm Sci 2009; 98:4661-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.21761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Wang Y, Lapitsky Y, Kang CE, Shoichet MS. Accelerated release of a sparingly soluble drug from an injectable hyaluronan-methylcellulose hydrogel. J Control Release 2009; 140:218-23. [PMID: 19470396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2009.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2009] [Revised: 05/06/2009] [Accepted: 05/12/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
An injectable hydrogel, comprised of hyaluronan and methylcellulose (HAMC), shows promise for localized, sustained delivery of growth factors for treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI). To better understand its potential for the delivery of small molecules, the release of sparingly soluble neuroprotectant, nimodipine, was investigated experimentally and via continuum modeling. This revealed that the MC in HAMC increased the solubility of sparingly soluble drug by over an order of magnitude, and enabled highly tunable release rates to be achieved by varying the method by which the drug was introduced into the scaffold. When nimodipine was introduced into HAMC in solubilized form, it was rapidly released from the scaffold within 8 h. Conversely, when nimodipine was blended into HAMC in particulate form, the release rates were greatly reduced, giving rise to complete release over 2-3 days for small, sub-micron particles, and longer times for large, 100 mum particles. The nimodipine particle-loaded gels yielded particle size-dependent, biphasic release profiles, which reflected rapid release of the solubilized drug followed by the slow, dissolution-limited release of solid nimodipine. This suggests that injectable hydrogel matrices can act as polymeric excipients that accelerate the delivery of poorly soluble drugs and yield highly tunable release rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfei Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3E5
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Maroni A, Curto MDD, Serratoni M, Zema L, Foppoli A, Gazzaniga A, Sangalli ME. Feasibility, stability and release performance of a time-dependent insulin delivery system intended for oral colon release. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2009; 72:246-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2008.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2008] [Revised: 11/21/2008] [Accepted: 12/01/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Gazzaniga A, Palugan L, Foppoli A, Sangalli ME. Oral pulsatile delivery systems based on swellable hydrophilic polymers. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2008; 68:11-8. [PMID: 17888641 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2007.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2006] [Revised: 05/24/2007] [Accepted: 05/24/2007] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Upon contact with aqueous fluids, swellable hydrophilic polymers undergo typical chain relaxation phenomena that coincide with a glassy-rubbery transition. In the rubbery phase, these polymers may be subject to swelling, dissolution and erosion processes or, alternatively, form an enduring gel barrier when cross-linked networks (hydrogels) are dealt with. Because of the peculiar hydration and biocompatibility properties, such materials are widely exploited in the pharmaceutical field, particularly as far as hydrophilic cellulose derivatives are concerned. In oral delivery, they have for long been employed in the manufacturing of prolonged release matrices and, more recently, for pulsatile (delayed) release devices as well. Pulsatile delivery, which is meant as the liberation of drugs following programmed lag phases, has drawn increasing interest especially in view of emerging chronotherapeutic approaches. In pursuit of pulsatile release, various design strategies have been proposed, chiefly including reservoir, capsular and osmotic formulations. In most cases, water-swellable polymers play a key role in the overall delivery mechanism after being activated by physiological media. Based on these premises, the aim of the present review is to survey the main oral pulsatile delivery systems, for which swelling, dissolution and/or erosion of hydrophilic polymers are primarily involved in the control of release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gazzaniga
- Instituto di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica P. Pratesi, University of Milan, Viale Abruzzi 42, Milan, Italy.
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