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O’Sullivan A, Ryan KM, Padrela L. Production of biopharmaceutical dried-powders using supercritical CO2 technology. J Supercrit Fluids 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2022.105645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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2
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Ashaolu TJ, Khoder RM, Alkaltham MS, Nawaz A, Walayat N, Umair M, Khalifa I. Mechanism and technological evaluation of biopeptidal-based emulsions. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Solid Dosage Forms of Biopharmaceuticals in Drug Delivery Systems Using Sustainable Strategies. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247653. [PMID: 34946733 PMCID: PMC8708471 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery systems (DDS) often comprise biopharmaceuticals in aqueous form, making them susceptible to physical and chemical degradation, and therefore requiring low temperature storage in cold supply and distribution chains. Freeze-drying, spray-drying, and spray-freeze-drying are some of the techniques used to convert biopharmaceuticals-loaded DDS from aqueous to solid dosage forms. However, the risk exists that shear and heat stress during processing may provoke DDS damage and efficacy loss. Supercritical fluids (SCF), specifically, supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2), is a sustainable alternative to common techniques. Due to its moderately critical and tunable properties and thermodynamic behavior, scCO2 has aroused scientific and industrial interest. Therefore, this article reviews scCO2-based techniques used over the year in the production of solid biopharmaceutical dosage forms. Looking particularly at the use of scCO2 in each of its potential roles—as a solvent, co-solvent, anti-solvent, or co-solute. It ends with a comparison between the compound’s stability using supercritical CO2-assisted atomization/spray-drying and conventional drying.
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Nsairat H, Khater D, Odeh F, Al-Adaileh F, Al-Taher S, Jaber AM, Alshaer W, Al Bawab A, Mubarak MS. Lipid nanostructures for targeting brain cancer. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07994. [PMID: 34632135 PMCID: PMC8488847 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Advancements in both material science and bionanotechnology are transforming the health care sector. To this end, nanoparticles are increasingly used to improve diagnosis, monitoring, and therapy. Huge research is being carried out to improve the design, efficiency, and performance of these nanoparticles. Nanoparticles are also considered as a major area of research and development to meet the essential requirements for use in nanomedicine where safety, compatibility, biodegradability, biodistribution, stability, and effectiveness are requirements towards the desired application. In this regard, lipids have been used in pharmaceuticals and medical formulations for a long time. The present work focuses on the use of lipid nanostructures to combat brain tumors. In addition, this review summarizes the literature pertaining to solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (LNC), methods of preparation and characterization, developments achieved to overcome blood brain barrier (BBB), and modifications used to increase their effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdi Nsairat
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Dima Khater
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan
| | - Fadwa Odeh
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Fedaa Al-Adaileh
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Suma Al-Taher
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Areej M. Jaber
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Walhan Alshaer
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Abeer Al Bawab
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
- Hamdi Mango Center for Scientific Research, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
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Satapathy MK, Yen TL, Jan JS, Tang RD, Wang JY, Taliyan R, Yang CH. Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs): An Advanced Drug Delivery System Targeting Brain through BBB. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1183. [PMID: 34452143 PMCID: PMC8402065 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a vital role in the protection and maintenance of homeostasis in the brain. In this way, it is an interesting target as an interface for various types of drug delivery, specifically in the context of the treatment of several neuropathological conditions where the therapeutic agents cannot cross the BBB. Drug toxicity and on-target specificity are among some of the limitations associated with current neurotherapeutics. In recent years, advances in nanodrug delivery have enabled the carrier system containing the active therapeutic drug to target the signaling pathways and pathophysiology that are closely linked to central nervous system (CNS) disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), multiple sclerosis (MS), brain tumor, epilepsy, ischemic stroke, and neurodegeneration. At present, among the nano formulations, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) have emerged as a putative drug carrier system that can deliver the active therapeutics (drug-loaded SLNs) across the BBB at the target site of the brain, offering a novel approach with controlled drug delivery, longer circulation time, target specificity, and higher efficacy, and more importantly, reducing toxicity in a biomimetic way. This paper highlights the synthesis and application of SLNs as a novel nontoxic formulation strategy to carry CNS drugs across the BBB to improve the use of therapeutics agents in treating major neurological disorders in future clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mantosh Kumar Satapathy
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan; (M.K.S.); (T.-L.Y.); (J.-S.J.); (R.-D.T.)
| | - Ting-Lin Yen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan; (M.K.S.); (T.-L.Y.); (J.-S.J.); (R.-D.T.)
- Department of Medical Research, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 22174, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Shiun Jan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan; (M.K.S.); (T.-L.Y.); (J.-S.J.); (R.-D.T.)
| | - Ruei-Dun Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan; (M.K.S.); (T.-L.Y.); (J.-S.J.); (R.-D.T.)
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Jia-Yi Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Rajeev Taliyan
- Department of Pharmacy, Neuropsychopharmacology Division, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, India;
| | - Chih-Hao Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan; (M.K.S.); (T.-L.Y.); (J.-S.J.); (R.-D.T.)
- Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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de Souza Guedes L, Martinez RM, Bou-Chacra NA, Velasco MVR, Rosado C, Baby AR. An Overview on Topical Administration of Carotenoids and Coenzyme Q10 Loaded in Lipid Nanoparticles. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1034. [PMID: 34206935 PMCID: PMC8300771 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids and coenzyme Q10 are naturally occurring antioxidant compounds that are also found in human skin. These bioactive compounds have been the focus of considerable research due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and photoprotective properties. In this review, the current state of the art in the encapsulation of carotenoids and coenzyme Q10 in lipid nanoparticles to improve their bioavailability, chemical stability, and skin absorption is discussed. Additionally, the main findings are highlighted on the cytotoxic and photoprotective effects of these systems in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana de Souza Guedes
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil; (L.d.S.G.); (R.M.M.); (N.A.B.-C.); (M.V.R.V.)
| | - Renata Miliani Martinez
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil; (L.d.S.G.); (R.M.M.); (N.A.B.-C.); (M.V.R.V.)
| | - Nádia A. Bou-Chacra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil; (L.d.S.G.); (R.M.M.); (N.A.B.-C.); (M.V.R.V.)
| | - Maria Valéria Robles Velasco
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil; (L.d.S.G.); (R.M.M.); (N.A.B.-C.); (M.V.R.V.)
| | - Catarina Rosado
- CBIOS, Universidade Lusófona’s Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - André Rolim Baby
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil; (L.d.S.G.); (R.M.M.); (N.A.B.-C.); (M.V.R.V.)
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López-Iglesias C, Quílez C, Barros J, Velasco D, Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Jorcano JL, Monteiro FJ, García-González CA. Lidocaine-Loaded Solid Lipid Microparticles (SLMPs) Produced from Gas-Saturated Solutions for Wound Applications. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E870. [PMID: 32932682 PMCID: PMC7557821 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12090870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The delivery of bioactive agents using active wound dressings for the management of pain and infections offers improved performances in the treatment of wound complications. In this work, solid lipid microparticles (SLMPs) loaded with lidocaine hydrochloride (LID) were processed and the formulation was evaluated regarding its ability to deliver the drug at the wound site and through the skin barrier. The SLMPs of glyceryl monostearate (GMS) were prepared with different LID contents (0, 1, 2, 4, and 10 wt.%) using the solvent-free and one-step PGSS (Particles from Gas-Saturated Solutions) technique. PGSS exploits the use of supercritical CO2 (scCO2) as a plasticizer for lipids and as pressurizing agent for the atomization of particles. The SLMPs were characterized in terms of shape, size, and morphology (SEM), physicochemical properties (ATR-IR, XRD), and drug content and release behavior. An in vitro test for the evaluation of the influence of the wound environment on the LID release rate from SLMPs was studied using different bioengineered human skin substitutes obtained by 3D-bioprinting. Finally, the antimicrobial activity of the SLMPs was evaluated against three relevant bacteria in wound infections (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). SLMPs processed with 10 wt.% of LID showed a remarkable performance to provide effective doses for pain relief and preventive infection effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara López-Iglesias
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, I+D Farma group (GI-1645), Faculty of Pharmacy, Agrupación Estratégica de Materiales (AeMAT) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (C.L.-I.); (C.A.-L.)
| | - Cristina Quílez
- Department of Bioengineering and Aerospace Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M), 28911 Leganés (Madrid), Spain; (C.Q.); (D.V.); (J.L.J.)
| | - Joana Barros
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto (i3S), Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Faculdade de Engenharia (FEUP), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (J.B.); (F.J.M.)
| | - Diego Velasco
- Department of Bioengineering and Aerospace Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M), 28911 Leganés (Madrid), Spain; (C.Q.); (D.V.); (J.L.J.)
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, I+D Farma group (GI-1645), Faculty of Pharmacy, Agrupación Estratégica de Materiales (AeMAT) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (C.L.-I.); (C.A.-L.)
| | - José L. Jorcano
- Department of Bioengineering and Aerospace Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M), 28911 Leganés (Madrid), Spain; (C.Q.); (D.V.); (J.L.J.)
| | - Fernando J. Monteiro
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto (i3S), Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Faculdade de Engenharia (FEUP), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (J.B.); (F.J.M.)
| | - Carlos A. García-González
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, I+D Farma group (GI-1645), Faculty of Pharmacy, Agrupación Estratégica de Materiales (AeMAT) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (C.L.-I.); (C.A.-L.)
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8
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Anderluzzi G, Lou G, Su Y, Perrie Y. Scalable Manufacturing Processes for Solid Lipid Nanoparticles. Pharm Nanotechnol 2020; 7:444-459. [PMID: 31840610 DOI: 10.2174/2211738507666190925112942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solid lipid nanoparticles offer a range of advantages as delivery systems but they are limited by effective manufacturing processes. OBJECTIVE In this study, we outline a high-throughput and scalable manufacturing process for solid lipid nanoparticles. METHODS The solid lipid nanoparticles were formulated from a combination of tristearin and 1,2-Distearoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine-methyl-polyethyleneglycol conjugate-2000 and manufactured using the M-110P Microfluidizer processor (Microfluidics Inc, Westwood, Massachusetts, US). RESULTS The manufacturing process was optimized in terms of the number of process cycles (1 to 5) and operating pressure (20,000 to 30,000 psi). The solid lipid nanoparticles were purified using tangential flow filtration and they were characterized in terms of their size, PDI, Z-potential and protein loading. At-line particle size monitoring was also incorporated within the process. Our results demonstrate that solid lipid nanoparticles can be effectively manufactured using this process at pressures of 20,000 psi with as little as 2 process passes, with purification and removal of non-entrapped protein achieved after 12 diafiltration cycles. Furthermore, the size could be effectively monitored at-line to allow rapid process control monitoring and product validation. CONCLUSION Using this method, protein-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles containing a low (1%) and high (16%) Pegylation were manufactured, purified and monitored for particle size using an at-line system demonstrating a scalable process for the manufacture of these nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Anderluzzi
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland
| | - Gustavo Lou
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland
| | - Yang Su
- Microfluidics International Corporation, Westwood, Massachusetts, MA 022090, United States
| | - Yvonne Perrie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland
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Chakravarty P, Famili A, Nagapudi K, Al-Sayah MA. Using Supercritical Fluid Technology as a Green Alternative During the Preparation of Drug Delivery Systems. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E629. [PMID: 31775292 PMCID: PMC6956038 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11120629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro- and nano-carrier formulations have been developed as drug delivery systems for active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) that suffer from poor physico-chemical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic properties. Encapsulating the APIs in such systems can help improve their stability by protecting them from harsh conditions such as light, oxygen, temperature, pH, enzymes, and others. Consequently, the API's dissolution rate and bioavailability are tremendously improved. Conventional techniques used in the production of these drug carrier formulations have several drawbacks, including thermal and chemical stability of the APIs, excessive use of organic solvents, high residual solvent levels, difficult particle size control and distributions, drug loading-related challenges, and time and energy consumption. This review illustrates how supercritical fluid (SCF) technologies can be superior in controlling the morphology of API particles and in the production of drug carriers due to SCF's non-toxic, inert, economical, and environmentally friendly properties. The SCF's advantages, benefits, and various preparation methods are discussed. Drug carrier formulations discussed in this review include microparticles, nanoparticles, polymeric membranes, aerogels, microporous foams, solid lipid nanoparticles, and liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paroma Chakravarty
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutics, Genentech, Inc. So. San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (P.C.); (K.N.)
| | - Amin Famili
- Small Molecule Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, Inc. So. San Francisco, CA 94080, USA;
| | - Karthik Nagapudi
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutics, Genentech, Inc. So. San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (P.C.); (K.N.)
| | - Mohammad A. Al-Sayah
- Small Molecule Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, Inc. So. San Francisco, CA 94080, USA;
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Xie M, Xu M, Chen X, Li Y. Recent Progress of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide in Producing Natural Nanomaterials. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:465-476. [PMID: 30324880 DOI: 10.2174/1389557518666181015152952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Natural medicines are widely utilized in human healthcare. Their beneficial effects have been attributed to the existence of natural active ingredients (NAI) with a positive impact on disease treatment and prevention. Public awareness about the side effects of synthetic chemical compounds increased the need for NAI as well. Clinical applications of NAI are limited by their instability and poor water solubility, while micronization is a major strategy to overcome these drawbacks. Supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO2) based nano techniques have drawn great attention in nanomedicinal area for many years, due to their unique characters such as fast mass transfer, near zero surface tension, effective solvents elimination, non-toxic, non-flammable, low cost and environmentally benign. In terms of functions of sc-CO2, many modified sc-CO2 based techniques are developed to produce NAI nanoparticles with high solubility, biological availability and stability. 5 types of promising methods, including gas-assisted melting atomization, CO2-assisted nebulization with a bubble dryer, supercritical fluidassisted atomization with a hydrodynamic cavitation mixer, supercritical CO2-based coating method and solution-enhanced dispersion by sc-CO2 process, are summarized in this article followed by a highlight of their fundamental synthesis principles and important medicinal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maobin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital; Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Man Xu
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital; Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital; Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Yi Li
- School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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Supercritical carbon dioxide-based technologies for the production of drug nanoparticles/nanocrystals - A comprehensive review. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 131:22-78. [PMID: 30026127 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Low drug bioavailability, which is mostly a result of poor aqueous drug solubilities and of inadequate drug dissolution rates, is one of the most significant challenges that pharmaceutical companies are currently facing, since this may limit the therapeutic efficacy of marketed drugs, or even result in the discard of potential highly effective drug candidates during developmental stages. Two of the main approaches that have been implemented in recent years to overcome poor drug solubility/dissolution issues have frequently involved drug particle size reduction (i.e., micronization/nanonization) and/or the modification of some of the physicochemical and structural properties of poorly water soluble drugs. A large number of particle engineering methodologies have been developed, tested, and applied in the synthesis and control of particle size/particle-size distributions, crystallinities, and polymorphic purities of drug micro- and nano-particles/crystals. In recent years pharmaceutical processing using supercritical fluids (SCF), in general, and supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2), in particular, have attracted a great attention from the pharmaceutical industry. This is mostly due to the several well-known advantageous technical features of these processes, as well as to other increasingly important subjects for the pharmaceutical industry, namely their "green", sustainable, safe and "environmentally-friendly" intrinsic characteristics. In this work, it is presented a comprehensive state-of-the-art review on scCO2-based processes focused on the formation and on the control of the physicochemical, structural and morphological properties of amorphous/crystalline pure drug nanoparticles. It is presented and discussed the most relevant scCO2, scCO2-based fluids and drug physicochemical properties that are pertinent for the development of successful pharmaceutical products, namely those that are critical in the selection of an adequate scCO2-based method to produce pure drug nanoparticles/nanocrystals. scCO2-based nanoparticle formation methodologies are classified in three main families, and in terms of the most important role played by scCO2 in particle formation processes: as a solvent; as an antisolvent or a co-antisolvent; and as a "high mobility" additive (a solute, a co-solute, or a co-solvent). Specific particle formation methods belonging to each one of these families are presented, discussed and compared. Some selected amorphous/crystalline drug nanoparticles that were prepared by these methods are compiled and presented, namely those studied in the last 10-15 years. A special emphasis is given to the formation of drug cocrystals. It is also discussed the fundamental knowledge and the main mechanisms in which the scCO2-based particle formation methods rely on, as well as the current status and urgent needs in terms of reliable experimental data and of robust modeling approaches. Other addressed and discussed topics include the currently available and the most adequate physicochemical, morphological and biological characterization methods required for pure drug nanoparticles/nanocrystals, some of the current nanometrology and regulatory issues associated to the use of these methods, as well as some scale-up, post-processing and pharmaceutical regulatory subjects related to the industrial implementation of these scCO2-based processes. Finally, it is also discussed the current status of these techniques, as well as their future major perspectives and opportunities for industrial implementation in the upcoming years.
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Dumont C, Bourgeois S, Fessi H, Jannin V. Lipid-based nanosuspensions for oral delivery of peptides, a critical review. Int J Pharm 2018; 541:117-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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13
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Santalices I, Gonella A, Torres D, Alonso MJ. Advances on the formulation of proteins using nanotechnologies. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2017.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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14
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Characterization of drug delivery particles produced by supercritical carbon dioxide technologies. J Supercrit Fluids 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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15
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Statistical optimization of curcumin nanosuspension through liquid anti-solvent precipitation (LASP) process in a microfluidic platform: Box-Behnken design approach. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-017-0201-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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16
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Kankala RK, Zhang YS, Wang SB, Lee CH, Chen AZ. Supercritical Fluid Technology: An Emphasis on Drug Delivery and Related Biomedical Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6:10.1002/adhm.201700433. [PMID: 28752598 PMCID: PMC5849475 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
During the past few decades, supercritical fluid (SCF) has emerged as an effective alternative for many traditional pharmaceutical manufacturing processes. Operating active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) alone or in combination with various biodegradable polymeric carriers in high-pressure conditions provides enhanced features with respect to their physical properties such as bioavailability enhancement, is of relevance to the application of SCF in the pharmaceutical industry. Herein, recent advances in drug delivery systems manufactured using the SCF technology are reviewed. We provide a brief description of the history, principle, and various preparation methods involved in the SCF technology. Next, we aim to give a brief overview, which provides an emphasis and discussion of recent reports using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2 ) for fabrication of polymeric carriers, for applications in areas related to drug delivery, tissue engineering, bio-imaging, and other biomedical applications. We finally summarize with perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjith Kumar Kankala
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, P. R. China
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, P. R. China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Xiamen, 361021, P. R. China
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Shi-Bin Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, P. R. China
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, P. R. China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Xiamen, 361021, P. R. China
| | - Chia-Hung Lee
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, 97401, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Zheng Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, P. R. China
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, P. R. China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Xiamen, 361021, P. R. China
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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17
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Couto R, Alvarez V, Temelli F. Encapsulation of Vitamin B2 in solid lipid nanoparticles using supercritical CO 2. J Supercrit Fluids 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2016.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Matougui N, Boge L, Groo AC, Umerska A, Ringstad L, Bysell H, Saulnier P. Lipid-based nanoformulations for peptide delivery. Int J Pharm 2016; 502:80-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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19
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Yang J, Ciftci ON. Formation of hollow solid lipid micro- and nanoparticles using supercritical carbon dioxide. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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20
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Design of PLGA-based depot delivery systems for biopharmaceuticals prepared by spray drying. Int J Pharm 2016; 498:82-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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21
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Ren Y, Wang S, Liu R, Dai J, Liu X, Yu J. A novel route towards well-dispersed short nanofibers and nanoparticles via electrospinning. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra26583e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel, simple, and widely applicable electrospinning–calcination–grinding route capable of preparing well-dispersed inorganic nanoparticles and short nanofibers is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Ren
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Supercapacitor Materials
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials
- Department Material Science and Engineering
- Shenzhen Graduate School
- Harbin Institute of Technology
| | - Shuguang Wang
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Supercapacitor Materials
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials
- Department Material Science and Engineering
- Shenzhen Graduate School
- Harbin Institute of Technology
| | - Ruyang Liu
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Supercapacitor Materials
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials
- Department Material Science and Engineering
- Shenzhen Graduate School
- Harbin Institute of Technology
| | - Jie Dai
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Supercapacitor Materials
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials
- Department Material Science and Engineering
- Shenzhen Graduate School
- Harbin Institute of Technology
| | - Xiang Liu
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Supercapacitor Materials
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials
- Department Material Science and Engineering
- Shenzhen Graduate School
- Harbin Institute of Technology
| | - Jie Yu
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Supercapacitor Materials
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials
- Department Material Science and Engineering
- Shenzhen Graduate School
- Harbin Institute of Technology
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22
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Pedro AS, Villa SD, Caliceti P, Melo SAVD, Albuquerque EC, Bertucco A, Salmaso S. Curcumin-loaded solid lipid particles by PGSS technology. J Supercrit Fluids 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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23
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Kim HJ, Yeo SD. Liquid antisolvent crystallization of griseofulvin from organic solutions. Chem Eng Res Des 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2015.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Pattarino F, Bettini R, Foglio Bonda A, Della Bella A, Giovannelli L. Polymorphism and kinetic behavior of binary mixtures of triglycerides. Int J Pharm 2014; 473:87-94. [PMID: 24971693 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The work is aimed at investigating the polymorphism and the phase transition kinetics of binary lipid mixtures with potential application in controlled drug delivery. The lipid systems, constituted of glyceryl tristearate (GTS) added with different amounts (1.0-7.5% w/w) of a medium-chain liquid triglyceride (C10-C12 acyl derivative - MCT), were studied by differential scanning calorimetry, by X-ray diffraction and hot-stage microscopy. The liquid lipid, although present in small amount, modified the thermal profile and the diffraction pattern of the systems, indicating that it promoted the formation of the GTS stable polymorph, β, during the re-solidification of the melted mixture. This promotion effect of MCT was concentration-dependent and evident for systems containing MCT>2.5%. Also the kinetics of transformation of GTS polymorphs was affected by the percentage of the liquid component. The α → β-transition was a biphasic process which for GTS-MCT mixture (99:1) superimposed that of pure GTS, while followed a different trend for systems containing percentages of MCT higher than 2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Pattarino
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Largo Donegani, 2/3, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Ruggero Bettini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Foglio Bonda
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Largo Donegani, 2/3, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Andrea Della Bella
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Lorella Giovannelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Largo Donegani, 2/3, 28100 Novara, Italy
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25
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Abstract
Discovery of insulin in the early 1900s initiated the research and development to improve the means of therapeutic protein delivery in patients. In the past decade, great emphasis has been placed on bringing protein and peptide therapeutics to market. Despite tremendous efforts, parenteral delivery still remains the major mode of administration for protein and peptide therapeutics. Other routes such as oral, nasal, pulmonary and buccal are considered more opportunistic rather than routine application. Improving biological half-life, stability and therapeutic efficacy is central to protein and peptide delivery. Several approaches have been tried in the past to improve protein and peptide in vitro/in vivo stability and performance. Approaches may be broadly categorized as chemical modification and colloidal delivery systems. In this review we have discussed various chemical approaches such as PEGylation, hyperglycosylation, mannosylation, and colloidal carriers including microparticles, nanoparticles, liposomes, carbon nanotubes and micelles for improving protein and peptide delivery. Recent developments on in situ thermosensitive gel-based protein and peptide delivery have also been described. This review summarizes recent developments on some currently existing approaches to improve stability, bioavailability and bioactivity of peptide and protein therapeutics following parenteral administration.
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26
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Du AW, Stenzel MH. Drug Carriers for the Delivery of Therapeutic Peptides. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:1097-114. [DOI: 10.1021/bm500169p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alice W. Du
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular
Design, School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Martina H. Stenzel
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular
Design, School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
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27
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Abstract
In recent years, CO2-based technologies have gained considerable interest in the pharmaceutical industry for their potential applications in drug formulation and drug delivery. The exploitation of peculiar properties of gases under supercritical conditions has been studied in the last 20 years with mixed results. Promising drug-delivery technologies, based on supercritical CO2, have mostly failed when facing challenges of industrial scaleability and economical viability. Nevertheless, a ‘second generation‘ of processes, based on CO2 around and below critical point has been developed, possibly offering technology-based solutions to some of the current issues of pharmaceutical development. In this review, we highlight the most recent advancements in this field, with a particular focus on the potential of CO2-based technologies in addressing critical issues in oral delivery, and briefly discuss the future perspectives of dense CO2-assisted processes as enabling technologies in drug delivery.
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28
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Kim SH, Kim HJ, Yeo SD. Crystallization of silibinin from organic solutions using supercritical and aqueous antisolvents. J Supercrit Fluids 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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29
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Shimanovich U, Bernardes GJL, Knowles TPJ, Cavaco-Paulo A. Protein micro- and nano-capsules for biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 43:1361-71. [PMID: 24336689 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60376h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Micro- and nano-scale systems have emerged as important tools for developing clinically useful drug delivery systems. In this tutorial review, we discuss the exploitation of biomacromolecules for this purpose, focusing on proteins, polypeptides, nucleic acids and polysaccharides and mixtures thereof as potential building blocks for novel drug delivery systems. We focus on the mechanisms of formation of micro- and nano-scale protein-based capsules and shells, as well as on the functionalization of such structures for use in targeted delivery of bioactive materials. We summarise existing methods for protein-based capsule synthesis and functionalization and highlight future challenges and opportunities for delivery strategies based on biomacromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulyana Shimanovich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
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30
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Santo IE, Pedro AS, Fialho R, Cabral-Albuquerque E. Characteristics of lipid micro- and nanoparticles based on supercritical formation for potential pharmaceutical application. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2013; 8:386. [PMID: 24034341 PMCID: PMC3832687 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-8-386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The interest of the pharmaceutical industry in lipid drug delivery systems due to their prolonged release profile, biocompatibility, reduction of side effects, and so on is already known. However, conventional methods of preparation of these structures for their use and production in the pharmaceutical industry are difficult since these methods are usually multi-step and involve high amount of organic solvent. Furthermore, some processes need extreme conditions, which can lead to an increase of heterogeneity of particle size and degradation of the drug. An alternative for drug delivery system production is the utilization of supercritical fluid technique. Lipid particles produced by supercritical fluid have shown different physicochemical properties in comparison to lipid particles produced by classical methods. Such particles have shown more physical stability and narrower size distribution. So, in this paper, a critical overview of supercritical fluid-based processes for the production of lipid micro- and nanoparticles is given and the most important characteristics of each process are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islane Espírito Santo
- PEI (Programa de Engenharia Industrial) - Escola Politécnica, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Prof. Aristides Novis, 02, Federação, Salvador, Bahia 40210-630, Brazil
| | - André São Pedro
- PEI (Programa de Engenharia Industrial) - Escola Politécnica, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Prof. Aristides Novis, 02, Federação, Salvador, Bahia 40210-630, Brazil
| | - Rosana Fialho
- PEI (Programa de Engenharia Industrial) - Escola Politécnica, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Prof. Aristides Novis, 02, Federação, Salvador, Bahia 40210-630, Brazil
| | - Elaine Cabral-Albuquerque
- PEI (Programa de Engenharia Industrial) - Escola Politécnica, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Prof. Aristides Novis, 02, Federação, Salvador, Bahia 40210-630, Brazil
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31
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del Pozo-Rodríguez A, Delgado D, Gascón AR, Solinís MÁ. Lipid Nanoparticles as Drug/Gene Delivery Systems to the Retina. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2013; 29:173-88. [DOI: 10.1089/jop.2012.0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ana del Pozo-Rodríguez
- Pharmacokinetics, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group, Pharmacy Faculty, Laboratory of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Diego Delgado
- Pharmacokinetics, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group, Pharmacy Faculty, Laboratory of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Alicia R. Gascón
- Pharmacokinetics, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group, Pharmacy Faculty, Laboratory of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Maria Ángeles Solinís
- Pharmacokinetics, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group, Pharmacy Faculty, Laboratory of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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32
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Critical Solvent Properties Affecting the Particle Formation Process and Characteristics of Celecoxib-Loaded PLGA Microparticles via Spray-Drying. Pharm Res 2012; 30:1065-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-012-0943-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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33
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34
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Vijayaraghavan M, Stolnik S, Howdle SM, Illum L. Suitability of polymer materials for production of pulmonary microparticles using a PGSS supercritical fluid technique: preparation of microparticles using PEG, fatty acids and physical or chemicals blends of PEG and fatty acids. Int J Pharm 2012. [PMID: 23178217 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The production of microparticles using a supercritical carbon dioxide based PGSS technique (CriticalMix™) has been exploited to develop blended systems targeted at pulmonary delivery. Hence, PEG based polymers of different molecular weights (1000-6000 Da) were blended in situ with fatty acids (stearic, palmitic or myristic acid) or with commercially available PEG-stearates. The effect of the different thermodynamic properties of the polymers was evaluated by characterising the microparticles produced in terms of their melting temperature by conventional DSC and in the presence of high pressure CO(2) using a high pressure variable volume view cell. The microparticles produced were also assessed by SEM and particle size distribution. It is well known that as the molecular weight of the PEG chains increases, so does the viscosity of the melt and this leads to an increase in the particle size. In the paper we show that blending with myristic acid provides optimal control of particle size when the blend is sprayed from scCO(2) leading to high yields in the optimal aerodynamic size range of 2-5 μm for the deep lung delivery. The highest yield and smallest particles (~5 μm) were produced with a blend of PEG 3000 and myristic acid (1:1) whereas the batches containing palmitic acid and stearic acid showed lower yields and larger particle sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera Vijayaraghavan
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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35
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Elizondo E, Veciana J, Ventosa N. Nanostructuring molecular materials as particles and vesicles for drug delivery, using compressed and supercritical fluids. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2012; 7:1391-408. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.12.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The structuring of synthetic and biological therapeutic actives as micro- and nano-particulate materials is a widely accepted formulation strategy to improve efficacy and reduce the toxicity of drugs. However, the development of efficient production platforms that enable the formulation of these nanomedicines at an industrial scale and with the quality requirements imposed by regulatory agencies remains a challenge. In this framework, compressed fluid-based methods are promising technologies for the controlled and reproducible preparation of uniform micro- and nano-particulate nanomedicines at a large scale. This review provides an overall but practical knowledge about what has been achieved so far in the field of compressed fluids applied to the preparation of solid micro- and nanoparticles and vesicles as drug delivery systems. In addition, recent examples of application of these technologies to the production of polymeric nanostructured microparticles highly loaded with gentamicin and to the preparation of uniform cholesterol-rich vesicular systems are explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Elizondo
- Departament de Nanociència Molecular i Materials Orgànics, Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Veciana
- Departament de Nanociència Molecular i Materials Orgànics, Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nora Ventosa
- Departament de Nanociència Molecular i Materials Orgànics, Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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36
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Engineering solid lipid nanoparticles for improved drug delivery: promises and challenges of translational research. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2012; 2:238-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-012-0088-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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37
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Domingo C, Saurina J. An overview of the analytical characterization of nanostructured drug delivery systems: towards green and sustainable pharmaceuticals: a review. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 744:8-22. [PMID: 22935368 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The analytical characterization of drug delivery systems prepared by means of green manufacturing technologies using CO(2) as a processing fluid is here reviewed. The assessment of the performance of nanopharmaceuticals designed for controlled drug release may result in a complex analytical issue and multidisciplinary studies focused on the evaluation of physicochemical, morphological and textural properties of the products may be required. The determination of the drug content as well as the detection of impurities and solvent residues are often carried out by chromatography. Assays on solid state samples relying on X-ray, vibrational and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies are of great interests to study the composition and structure of pharmaceutical forms. The morphology and size of particles are commonly checked by microscopy and complementary chemical information can be extracted in combination with spectroscopic accessories. Regarding the thermal behavior, calorimetric and thermogravimetric techniques are applied to assess the thermal transitions and stability of the samples. The evaluation of drug release profiles from the nanopharmaceuticals can be based on various experimental set-ups depending on the administration route to be considered. Kinetic curves showing the evolution of the drug concentration as a function of time in various physiological conditions (e.g., gastric, plasmatic or topical) are recorded commonly by UV-vis spectroscopy and/or chromatography. Representative examples are commented in detail to illustrate the characterization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concepción Domingo
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Barcelona (CSIC), Campus de la UAB s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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38
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Solid lipid nanoparticles: Continuous and potential large-scale nanoprecipitation production in static mixers. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2012; 94:68-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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39
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Kuntworbe N, Al-Kassas R. Design and in vitro haemolytic evaluation of cryptolepine hydrochloride-loaded gelatine nanoparticles as a novel approach for the treatment of malaria. AAPS PharmSciTech 2012; 13:568-81. [PMID: 22477022 PMCID: PMC3364375 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-012-9775-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptolepine hydrochloride-loaded gelatine nanoparticles were developed and characterised as a means of exploring formulation techniques to improve the pharmaceutic profile of the compound. Cryptolepine hydrochloride-loaded gelatine-type (A) nanoparticles were developed base on the double desolvation approach. After optimisation of formulation parameters including temperature, stirring rate, incubation time polymer and cross-linker (glutaraldehyde) concentrations, the rest of the study was conducted at two different formulation pH values (2.5 and 11.0) and by two different approaches to drug loading. Three cryoprotectants--sucrose, glucose and mannitol--were investigated for possible use for the preparation of freeze-dried samples. Nanoparticles with desired size mostly less than 350 nm and zeta potential above ±20 were obtained when formulation pH was between 2.5 and 5 and above 9. Entrapment efficiency was higher at pH 11.0 than pH 2.5 and for products formulated when drug was loaded during the second desolvation stage compared to when drug was loaded onto pre-formed nanoparticles. Further investigation of pH effect showed a new isoelectric point of 6.23-6.27 at which the zeta potential of nanoparticles was zero. Sucrose and glucose were effective in low concentrations as cryoprotectants. The best formulation produced an EC(50) value of 227.4 μM as a haemolytic agent compared to 51.61 μM by the free compound which is an indication of reduction in haemolytic side effect. There was sustained released of the compound from all formulation types over a period of 192 h. Stability data indicated that the nanosuspension and freeze-dried samples were stable at 4 and 25°C, respectively, over a 52-week period, but the former was less stable at room temperature. In conclusion, cryptolepine hydrochloride-loaded gelatine nanoparticles exhibited reduced haemolytic effect compared to the pure compound and can be developed further for parenteral delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noble Kuntworbe
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Raida Al-Kassas
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
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40
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Battaglia L, Gallarate M. Lipid nanoparticles: state of the art, new preparation methods and challenges in drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2012; 9:497-508. [PMID: 22439808 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2012.673278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nanoparticles are rapidly developing as drug carriers because of their size-dependent properties. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are widely employed in drug delivery because of the biocompatibility of the lipid matrix. AREAS COVERED Many different types of LNPs have been engineered in the last 20 years, the most important being solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), nanostrucured lipid carriers (NLCs), lipid-drug conjugates (LDCs) and lipid nanocapsules (LNCs). This review gives an overview of LNPs, including their physico-chemical properties and pharmacological uses. Moreover, it highlights the most important innovations in the preparation techniques of LNPs, aimed to encapsulate different molecules within the lipid matrix. Finally, it gives a short perspective on the challenges of drug delivery, which are a potential field of application for LNPs: cancer therapy, overcoming the blood-brain barrier and gene and protein delivery. EXPERT OPINION LNPs are a safe and versatile vehicles for drug and active delivery, suitable for different administration routes. New technologies have been developed for LNP preparation and studies are currently underway in order to obtain the encapsulation of different drugs and to deliver the active molecule to the site of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Battaglia
- Università degli Studi di Torino, Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco , via Pietro Giuria 9, Torino , Italy.
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41
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Supercritical fluid-mediated methods to encapsulate drugs: recent advances and new opportunities. Ther Deliv 2011; 2:1551-65. [DOI: 10.4155/tde.11.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With the advent of the development of novel pharmaceutical products and therapies, there is a need for effective delivery of these products to patients. Dependent on whether they are small-molecular weight drugs or biologics, many new compounds may suffer from poor solubility, poor stability or require frequent administration and therefore require optimized delivery. For example, the utilization of polymorphism and the enhanced solubility in the amorphous state is being exploited to improve the dissolution of small-molecular weight poorly soluble drugs. This can be achieved by the formation of solid dispersions in water-soluble matrices. In addition, encapsulation in biodegradable polymeric materials is one potential route to reduce the frequency of administration through the formation of sustained-release formulations. This is desirable for biologics, for example, which generally require administration once or twice daily. Supercritical fluid processing can achieve both of these outcomes, and this review focuses on the use of supercritical CO2 to encapsulate active pharmaceutical ingredients to enhance solubility or achieve sustained release. Using supercritical CO2-mediated processes provides a clean and potentially solvent-free route to prepare novel drug products and is therefore an attractive alternative to conventional manufacturing technologies.
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Nunes AVM, Duarte CMM. Dense CO₂ as a Solute, Co-Solute or Co-Solvent in Particle Formation Processes: A Review. MATERIALS 2011; 4:2017-2041. [PMID: 28824121 PMCID: PMC5448852 DOI: 10.3390/ma4112017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Revised: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The application of dense gases in particle formation processes has attracted great attention due to documented advantages over conventional technologies. In particular, the use of dense CO₂ in the process has been subject of many works and explored in a variety of different techniques. This article presents a review of the current available techniques in use in particle formation processes, focusing exclusively on those employing dense CO₂ as a solute, co-solute or co-solvent during the process, such as PGSS (Particles from gas-saturated solutions®), CPF (Concentrated Powder Form®), CPCSP (Continuous Powder Coating Spraying Process), CAN-BD (Carbon dioxide Assisted Nebulization with a Bubble Dryer®), SEA (Supercritical Enhanced Atomization), SAA (Supercritical Fluid-Assisted Atomization), PGSS-Drying and DELOS (Depressurization of an Expanded Liquid Organic Solution). Special emphasis is given to modifications introduced in the different techniques, as well as the limitations that have been overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana V M Nunes
- Requimte/CQFB, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, Caparica 2829-516, Portugal.
| | - Catarina M M Duarte
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (IBET), Apartado 12, Oeiras 2781-901, Portugal.
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da Republica, Oeiras 2780-157, Portugal.
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Production of lipid microparticles containing bioactive molecules functionalized with PEG. J Supercrit Fluids 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2010.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Yesil-Celiktas O, Senyay D. The Breadth and Intensity of Supercritical Particle Formation Research with an Emphasis on Publication and Patent Disclosures. Ind Eng Chem Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ie100115x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Yesil-Celiktas
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, 35100 Bornova-Izmir, Turkey
| | - Deniz Senyay
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, 35100 Bornova-Izmir, Turkey
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Abstract
Recent advances in biotechnology demonstrate that peptides and proteins are the basis of a new generation of drugs. However, the transportation of protein drugs in the body is limited by their high molecular weight, which prevents the crossing of tissue barriers, and by their short lifetime due to immuno response and enzymatic degradation. Moreover, the ability to selectively deliver drugs to target organs, tissues or cells is a major challenge in the treatment of several human diseases, including cancer. Indeed, targeted delivery can be much more efficient than systemic application, while improving bioavailability and limiting undesirable side effects. This review describes how the use of targeted nanocarriers such as nanoparticles and liposomes can improve the pharmacokinetic properties of protein drugs, thus increasing their safety and maximizing the therapeutic effect.
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Herrero M, Mendiola JA, Cifuentes A, Ibáñez E. Supercritical fluid extraction: Recent advances and applications. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1217:2495-511. [PMID: 20022016 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2009] [Revised: 12/01/2009] [Accepted: 12/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Among the different extraction techniques used at analytical and preparative scale, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is one of the most used. This review covers the most recent developments of SFE in different fields, such as food science, natural products, by-product recovery, pharmaceutical and environmental sciences, during the period 2007-2009. The revision is focused on the most recent advances and applications in the different areas; among them, it is remarkable the strong impact of SFE to extract high value compounds from food and natural products but also its increasing importance in areas such as heavy metals recovery, enantiomeric resolution or drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Herrero
- Instituto de Fermentaciones Industriales (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Salmaso S, Bersani S, Elvassore N, Bertucco A, Caliceti P. Biopharmaceutical characterisation of insulin and recombinant human growth hormone loaded lipid submicron particles produced by supercritical gas micro-atomisation. Int J Pharm 2009; 379:51-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2009] [Revised: 06/02/2009] [Accepted: 06/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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