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Olgenblum GI, Hutcheson BO, Pielak GJ, Harries D. Protecting Proteins from Desiccation Stress Using Molecular Glasses and Gels. Chem Rev 2024; 124:5668-5694. [PMID: 38635951 PMCID: PMC11082905 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Faced with desiccation stress, many organisms deploy strategies to maintain the integrity of their cellular components. Amorphous glassy media composed of small molecular solutes or protein gels present general strategies for protecting against drying. We review these strategies and the proposed molecular mechanisms to explain protein protection in a vitreous matrix under conditions of low hydration. We also describe efforts to exploit similar strategies in technological applications for protecting proteins in dry or highly desiccated states. Finally, we outline open questions and possibilities for future explorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil I. Olgenblum
- Institute
of Chemistry, Fritz Haber Research Center, and The Harvey M. Krueger
Family Center for Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Brent O. Hutcheson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Gary J. Pielak
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Integrated
Program for Biological & Genome Sciences, Lineberger Comprehensive
Cancer Center, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Daniel Harries
- Institute
of Chemistry, Fritz Haber Research Center, and The Harvey M. Krueger
Family Center for Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
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2
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Kim SH, Lahlali R, Karunakaran C, Vujanovic V. Specific Mycoparasite- Fusarium Graminearum Molecular Signatures in Germinating Seeds Disabled Fusarium Head Blight Pathogen's Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052461. [PMID: 33671098 PMCID: PMC7957488 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in Infrared (IR) spectroscopies have entered a new era of research with applications in phytobiome, plant microbiome and health. Fusarium graminearum 3-ADON is the most aggressive mycotoxigenic chemotype causing Fusarium head blight (FHB) in cereals; while Sphaerodes mycoparasitica is the specific Fusarium mycoparasite with biotrophic lifestyle discovered in cereal seeds and roots. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analyses depicted shifts in the spectral peaks related to mycoparasitism mainly within the region of proteins, lipids, also indicating a link between carbohydrates and protein regions, involving potential phenolic compounds. Especially, S. mycoparasitica contributes to significant changes in lipid region 3050–2800 cm−1, while in the protein region, an increasing trend was observed for the peaks 1655–1638 cm−1 (amide I) and 1549–1548 cm−1 (amide II) with changes in indicative protein secondary structures. Besides, the peak extending on the region 1520–1500 cm−1 insinuates a presence of aromatic compounds in presence of mycoparasite on the F. graminearum root sample. Monitoring shift in improved seed germination, fungus-fungus interface through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and FTIR molecular signatures combined with principal component analysis (PCA) proved useful tools to detect an early mycoparasitism as a vital asset of the preventive biocontrol strategy against plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Hwa Kim
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada;
| | - Rachid Lahlali
- Canadian Light Source, 44 Innovation Blvd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada; (R.L.); (C.K.)
- Department of Plant Protection, Phytopathology Unit, Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknès, BP/S 40, Meknès 50001, Morocco
| | - Chithra Karunakaran
- Canadian Light Source, 44 Innovation Blvd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada; (R.L.); (C.K.)
| | - Vladimir Vujanovic
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada;
- Correspondence:
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3
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Physical Stability of an Amorphous Sugar Matrix Dried From Methanol as an Amorphous Solid Dispersion Carrier and the Influence of Heat Treatment. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:2056-2062. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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4
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Tabbassum M, Zeeshan F. Effects of formulation development methods on the stability of model protein pharmaceuticals embedded in solid lipid matrices. Pharm Dev Technol 2019; 24:649-662. [DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2018.1551902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Misbah Tabbassum
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya (UM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Farrukh Zeeshan
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University (IMU), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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5
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Preparation of casein non-phosphopeptide–soybean polypeptide complex, its structure and emulsifying properties’ evaluation. Eur Food Res Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-018-3167-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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6
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Effect of temperature ramp rate during the primary drying process on the properties of amorphous-based lyophilized cake, Part 2: Successful lyophilization by adopting a fast ramp rate during primary drying in protein formulations. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 130:83-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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7
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Zeeshan F, Tabbassum M, Jorgensen L, Medlicott NJ. Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR FT-IR) Spectroscopy as an Analytical Method to Investigate the Secondary Structure of a Model Protein Embedded in Solid Lipid Matrices. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 72:268-279. [PMID: 29022355 DOI: 10.1177/0003702817739908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein drugs may encounter conformational perturbations during the formulation processing of lipid-based solid dosage forms. In aqueous protein solutions, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR FT-IR) spectroscopy can investigate these conformational changes following the subtraction of spectral interference of solvent with protein amide I bands. However, in solid dosage forms, the possible spectral contribution of lipid carriers to protein amide I band may be an obstacle to determine conformational alterations. The objective of this study was to develop an ATR FT-IR spectroscopic method for the analysis of protein secondary structure embedded in solid lipid matrices. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was chosen as a model protein, while Precirol AT05 (glycerol palmitostearate, melting point 58 ℃) was employed as the model lipid matrix. Bovine serum albumin was incorporated into lipid using physical mixing, melting and mixing, or wet granulation mixing methods. Attenuated total reflection FT-IR spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) were performed for the analysis of BSA secondary structure and its dissolution in aqueous media, respectively. The results showed significant interference of Precirol ATO5 with BSA amide I band which was subtracted up to 90% w/w lipid content to analyze BSA secondary structure. In addition, ATR FT-IR spectroscopy also detected thermally denatured BSA solid alone and in the presence of lipid matrix indicating its suitability for the detection of denatured protein solids in lipid matrices. Despite being in the solid state, conformational changes occurred to BSA upon incorporation into solid lipid matrices. However, the extent of these conformational alterations was found to be dependent on the mixing method employed as indicated by area overlap calculations. For instance, the melting and mixing method imparted negligible effect on BSA secondary structure, whereas the wet granulation mixing method promoted more changes. Size exclusion chromatography analysis depicted the complete dissolution of BSA in the aqueous media employed in the wet granulation method. In conclusion, an ATR FT-IR spectroscopic method was successfully developed to investigate BSA secondary structure in solid lipid matrices following the subtraction of lipid spectral interference. The ATR FT-IR spectroscopy could further be applied to investigate the secondary structure perturbations of therapeutic proteins during their formulation development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farrukh Zeeshan
- 1 School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- 2 School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Misbah Tabbassum
- 3 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lene Jorgensen
- 4 Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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8
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Zeeshan F, Tabbassum M, Jorgensen L, Medlicott NJ. Investigation on Secondary Structure Perturbations of Proteins Embedded in Solid Lipid Matrices as a Novel Indicator of their Biological Activity upon In Vitro Release. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:769-782. [PMID: 29134579 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-017-0883-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein biologics are prone to conformational changes during formulation development. Limited methods are available for conformational analysis of proteins in solid state and in the presences of formulation excipients. The aim of this study was to investigate the secondary structures of proteins encased in solid lipid matrices as a novel indicator of their stability upon in vitro release. Model proteins namely catalase and lysozyme were incorporated into lipid namely Precirol® AT05 (glycerol palmitostearate, melting point 58°C) at 30% w/w loading using melting and mixing and wet granulation methods. Attenuated total reflectance (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) and biological activity analyses were performed. The information about secondary structure was acquired using second derivative analysis of amide-I band (1600-1700 cm-1). ATR analysis demonstrated interference of lipid spectrum with protein amide-I band which was subsequently subtracted to allow the analysis of the secondary structure. ATR spectra amide-I bands showed shifts peak band positions compared to native protein for matrices prepared using wet granulation. SEC analysis gave evidence of protein aggregation for catalase which was increased using wet granulation. The biological activity of catalase was statistically different from that of control and was affected by the incorporation method and was found to be in alignment with ATR spectral changes and extent of aggregation. In conclusion, ATR spectroscopy could analyze protein secondary structure in lipid matrices provided lipid interference was minimized. The ATR spectral changes and formation of aggregates can indicate the loss in biological activity of protein released from solid lipid matrices.
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9
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Mensink MA, Šibík J, Frijlink HW, van der Voort Maarschalk K, Hinrichs WLJ, Zeitler JA. Thermal Gradient Mid- and Far-Infrared Spectroscopy as Tools for Characterization of Protein Carbohydrate Lyophilizates. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:3550-3557. [PMID: 28874050 PMCID: PMC5627341 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
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Protein
drugs play an important role in modern day medicine. Typically,
these proteins are formulated as liquids requiring cold chain processing.
To circumvent the cold chain and achieve better storage stability,
these proteins can be dried in the presence of carbohydrates. We demonstrate
that thermal gradient mid- and far-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR and
THz-TDS, respectively) can provide useful information about solid-state
protein carbohydrate formulations regarding mobility and intermolecular
interactions. A model protein (BSA) was lyophilized in the presence
of three carbohydrates with different size and protein stabilizing
capacity. A gradual increase in mobility was observed with increasing
temperature in formulations containing protein and/or larger carbohydrates
(oligo- or polysaccharides), lacking a clear onset of fast mobility
as was observed for smaller molecules. Furthermore, both techniques
are able to identify the glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the samples. FTIR provides additional information
as it can independently monitor changes in protein and carbohydrate
bands at the Tg. Lastly, THz-TDS confirms
previous findings that protein–carbohydrate interactions decrease
with increasing molecular weight of the carbohydrate, which results
in decreased protein stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Mensink
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen , Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.,Janssen Vaccines and Prevention , Archimedesweg 4, 2333 CN Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J Šibík
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge , Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom.,F. Hoffmann-La Roche A.G. , Basel 4070, Switzerland
| | - H W Frijlink
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen , Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - K van der Voort Maarschalk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen , Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.,Process Technology, Corbion Purac , P.O. Box 21, 4200 AA Gorinchem, The Netherlands
| | - W L J Hinrichs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen , Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J A Zeitler
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge , Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
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10
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Mensink MA, Frijlink HW, van der Voort Maarschalk K, Hinrichs WL. How sugars protect proteins in the solid state and during drying (review): Mechanisms of stabilization in relation to stress conditions. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 114:288-295. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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11
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In-line near infrared spectroscopy during freeze-drying as a tool to measure efficiency of hydrogen bond formation between protein and sugar, predictive of protein storage stability. Int J Pharm 2015; 496:792-800. [PMID: 26608621 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sugars are often used as stabilizers of protein formulations during freeze-drying. However, not all sugars are equally suitable for this purpose. Using in-line near-infrared spectroscopy during freeze-drying, it is shown here that hydrogen bond formation during freeze-drying, under secondary drying conditions in particular, can be related to the preservation of the functionality and structure of proteins during storage. The disaccharide trehalose was best capable of forming hydrogen bonds with the model protein, lactate dehydrogenase, thereby stabilizing it, followed by the molecularly flexible oligosaccharide inulin 4kDa. The molecularly rigid oligo- and polysaccharides dextran 5kDa and 70kDa, respectively, formed the least amount of hydrogen bonds and provided least stabilization of the protein. It is concluded that smaller and molecularly more flexible sugars are less affected by steric hindrance, allowing them to form more hydrogen bonds with the protein, thereby stabilizing it better.
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12
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Cruz-Angeles J, Martínez LM, Videa M. Application of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy to the study of thermally induced changes in secondary structure of protein molecules in solid state. Biopolymers 2015; 103:574-84. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.22664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Cruz-Angeles
- Department of Chemistry and School of Engineering and Sciences; Tecnológico de Monterrey; Campus Monterrey Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur. Monterrey N.L. México C.P. 64849
| | - Luz María Martínez
- Department of Chemistry and School of Engineering and Sciences; Tecnológico de Monterrey; Campus Monterrey Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur. Monterrey N.L. México C.P. 64849
| | - Marcelo Videa
- Department of Chemistry and School of Engineering and Sciences; Tecnológico de Monterrey; Campus Monterrey Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur. Monterrey N.L. México C.P. 64849
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13
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Matei I, Ariciu AM, Neacsu MV, Collauto A, Salifoglou A, Ionita G. Cationic Spin Probe Reporting on Thermal Denaturation and Complexation–Decomplexation of BSA with SDS. Potential Applications in Protein Purification Processes. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:11238-52. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5071055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iulia Matei
- “Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Romanian Academy, 202 Splaiul
Independentei, Bucharest 060021, Romania
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Bd. Regina Elisabeta 4-12, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana Maria Ariciu
- “Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Romanian Academy, 202 Splaiul
Independentei, Bucharest 060021, Romania
| | - Maria Victoria Neacsu
- “Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Romanian Academy, 202 Splaiul
Independentei, Bucharest 060021, Romania
| | - Alberto Collauto
- Department
of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Athanasios Salifoglou
- Department
Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Gabriela Ionita
- “Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Romanian Academy, 202 Splaiul
Independentei, Bucharest 060021, Romania
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Grasmeijer N, Stankovic M, de Waard H, Frijlink HW, Hinrichs WLJ. Unraveling protein stabilization mechanisms: vitrification and water replacement in a glass transition temperature controlled system. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2013; 1834:763-9. [PMID: 23360765 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2013.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of the two main mechanisms used to explain the stabilization of proteins by sugar glasses during drying and subsequent storage: the vitrification and the water replacement theory. Although in literature protein stability is often attributed to either vitrification or water replacement, both mechanisms could play a role and they should be considered simultaneously. A model protein, alkaline phosphatase, was incorporated in either inulin or trehalose by spray drying. To study the storage stability at different glass transition temperatures, a buffer which acts as a plasticizer, ammediol, was incorporated in the sugar glasses. At low glass transition temperatures (<50°C), the enzymatic activity of the protein strongly decreased during storage at 60°C. Protein stability increased when the glass transition temperature was raised considerably above the storage temperature. This increased stability could be attributed to vitrification. A further increase of the glass transition temperature did not further improve stability. In conclusion, vitrification plays a dominant role in stabilization at glass transition temperatures up to 10 to 20°C above storage temperature, depending on whether trehalose or inulin is used. On the other hand, the water replacement mechanism predominantly determines stability at higher glass transition temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Grasmeijer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
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15
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Rogozea A, Matei I, Turcu IM, Ionita G, Sahini VE, Salifoglou A. EPR and circular dichroism solution studies on the interactions of bovine serum albumin with ionic surfactants and β-cyclodextrin. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:14245-53. [PMID: 23163315 DOI: 10.1021/jp308650r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The interactions of bovine serum albumin (BSA) with ionic surfactants (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS, and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTAB) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) have been investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and circular dichroism measurements. The spin probe selected to report on the interaction of albumin with surfactants and/or β-CD was 4-N,N-dimethyl hexadecyl ammonium-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl iodide (CAT16), on account of (a) its balance between electrostatic and hydrophobic character and (b) the ability of BSA to form complexes with various organic molecules. The distribution of the spin probe among different environments in solutions containing only BSA was confirmed by the existence of two components in the EPR spectra: one revealing a restricted mobility of the spin probe, attributed to the protein-spin probe complex, and another one showing free movement, attributed to the spin probe in solution. The presence of surfactants and/or β-CD alters the distribution of CAT16 between various compartments in each system. Formation of protein aggregates as a result of thermal denaturation was evidenced by the appearance of an immobilized component in the EPR spectrum. This component is not present in the EPR spectra of CAT16 in protein/surfactant or protein/cyclodextrin solutions. Circular dichroism spectra of BSA provided information about changes in the secondary structure of the protein induced by the presence of surfactants and/or cyclodextrin in solution. The results demonstrate that β-CD hinders the interaction between the employed surfactants and the protein. The cationic surfactant (CTAB) induces changes in protein conformation at a lower concentration compared to the anionic surfactant (SDS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Adina Rogozea
- Ilie Murgulescu Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Romanian Academy, 202 Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest 060021, Romania
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16
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Zaragoza A, Teruel JA, Aranda FJ, Marqués A, Espuny MJ, Manresa Á, Ortiz A. Interaction of a Rhodococcus sp. trehalose lipid biosurfactant with model proteins: thermodynamic and structural changes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:1381-90. [PMID: 22172005 DOI: 10.1021/la203879t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
One major application of surfactants is to prevent aggregation during various processes of protein manipulation. In this work, a bacterial trehalose lipid (TL) with biosurfactant activity, secreted by Rhodococcus sp., has been identified and purified. The interactions of this glycolipid with selected model proteins have been studied by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and fluorescence spectroscopy. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and cytochrome c (Cyt-c) have been chosen because of their quite different secondary structures: BSA contains essentially no β-sheets and an average 66% α-helix, whereas Cyt-c possesses up to 25% β-sheets and up to 45% α-helical structure. Differential scanning calorimetry shows that addition of TL to BSA at concentrations below the critical micelle concentration (cmc) shifts the thermal unfolding temperature to higher values. FTIR indicates that TL does not alter the secondary structure of native BSA, but the presence of TL protects the protein toward thermal denaturation, mainly by avoiding formation of β-aggregates. Studies on the intrinsic Trp fluorescence of BSA show that addition of TL to the native protein results in conformational changes. BSA unfolding upon thermal denaturation in the absence of TL makes the Trp residues less accessible to the quencher, as shown by a decrease in the value of Stern-Volmer dynamic quenching constant, whereas denaturation in the presence of the biosurfactant prevents unfolding, in agreement with FTIR results. In the case of Cyt-c, interaction with TL gives rise to a new thermal denaturation transition, as observed by DSC, at temperatures below that of the native protein, therefore facilitating thermal unfolding. Binding of TL to native BSA and Cyt-c, as determined by ITC, suggests a rather nonspecific interaction of the biosurfactant with both proteins. FTIR indicates that TL slightly modifies the secondary structure of native Cyt-c, but protein denaturation in the presence of TL results in a higher proportion of β-aggregates than in its absence (20% vs 3.9%). The study of Trp fluorescence upon TL addition to Cyt-c results in a completely opposite scenario to that described above for BSA. In this case, addition of TL considerably increases the value of the dynamic quenching constant, both in native and denatured protein; that is, the interaction with the glycolipid induces conformational changes which facilitate the exposure of Trp residues to the quencher. Considering the structures of both proteins, it could be derived that the characteristics of TL interactions, either promoting or avoiding thermal unfolding, are highly dependent on the protein secondary structure. Our results also suggest the rather unspecific nature of these interactions. These might well involve protein hydrophobic domains which, being buried into the protein native structures, become exposed upon thermal unfolding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Zaragoza
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular-A, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia , E-30100 Murcia, Spain
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17
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Chakraborty N, Menze MA, Malsam J, Aksan A, Hand SC, Toner M. Cryopreservation of spin-dried mammalian cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24916. [PMID: 21966385 PMCID: PMC3178566 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reports an alternative approach to achieve vitrification where cells are pre-desiccated prior to cooling to cryogenic temperatures for storage. Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells suspended in a trehalose solution were rapidly and uniformly desiccated to a low moisture content (<0.12 g of water per g of dry weight) using a spin-drying technique. Trehalose was also introduced into the cells using a high-capacity trehalose transporter (TRET1). Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to examine the uniformity of water concentration distribution in the spin-dried samples. 62% of the cells were shown to survive spin-drying in the presence of trehalose following immediate rehydration. The spin-dried samples were stored in liquid nitrogen (LN(2)) at a vitrified state. It was shown that following re-warming to room temperature and re-hydration with a fully complemented cell culture medium, 51% of the spin-dried and vitrified cells survived and demonstrated normal growth characteristics. Spin-drying is a novel strategy that can be used to improve cryopreservation outcome by promoting rapid vitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilay Chakraborty
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and BioMEMS Resource Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
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