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Chen B, Wang X, Sun J, Lin Y, Zhi H, Shao K, Fu Y, Liu Z. Study on the Interactions Between Cisplatin and Cadherin by Fluorescence Spectrometry and Atomic Force Microscopy. J Fluoresc 2024; 34:1775-1782. [PMID: 37615895 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03401-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin is an important platinum drug in cancer chemotherapy in clinical practice. It is well established that the main target of cisplatin is nuclear DNA. However, recent studies have demonstrated that platinum drugs may act on some important functional proteins in the human body. E-cadherin is a newly discovered glycoprotein that has been regarded as an important sign of the occurrence and development of some tumors. This study examines the interactions between cisplatin and E-cadherin by fluorescence spectrometry and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The fluorescence spectrometry results indicated that cisplatin can efficiently quench the fluorescence of E-cadherin. The calculated binding constant Kb was 3.20 × 106 (25 ℃), 1.36 × 106(31 ℃), and 8.22 × 105 L mol-1 (37 ℃). These results reveal that the fluorescence quenching effect of cisplatin on E-cadherin is static quenching. The obtained thermodynamic parameters ΔH < 0, ΔS < 0, and ΔG < 0, indicate that the binding of cisplatin on E-cadherin is a spontaneous process dominated by hydrogen bonds and Van der Waals forces. The AFM results revealed that E-cadherins are interlaced with each other to form a spherical-chain structure. The addition of cisplatin can significantly disrupt the interlaced structure of the E-cadherin molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-Based Active Substances, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xitong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Jixiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Yamei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-Based Active Substances, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxin Zhi
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-Based Active Substances, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Shao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-Based Active Substances, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China.
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China.
- Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China.
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-Based Active Substances, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
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Boggiano-Ayo T, Palacios-Oliva J, Lozada-Chang S, Relova-Hernandez E, Gomez-Perez J, Oliva G, Hernandez L, Bueno-Soler A, Montes de Oca D, Mora O, Machado-Santisteban R, Perez-Martinez D, Perez-Masson B, Cabrera Infante Y, Calzadilla-Rosado L, Ramirez Y, Aymed-Garcia J, Ruiz-Ramirez I, Romero Y, Gomez T, Espinosa LA, Gonzalez LJ, Cabrales A, Guirola O, de la Luz KR, Pi-Estopiñan F, Sanchez-Ramirez B, Garcia-Rivera D, Valdes-Balbin Y, Rojas G, Leon-Monzon K, Ojito-Magaz E, Hardy E. Development of a scalable single process for producing SARS-CoV-2 RBD monomer and dimer vaccine antigens. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1287551. [PMID: 38050488 PMCID: PMC10693982 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1287551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We have developed a single process for producing two key COVID-19 vaccine antigens: SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) monomer and dimer. These antigens are featured in various COVID-19 vaccine formats, including SOBERANA 01 and the licensed SOBERANA 02, and SOBERANA Plus. Our approach involves expressing RBD (319-541)-His6 in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1 cells, generating and characterizing oligoclones, and selecting the best RBD-producing clones. Critical parameters such as copper supplementation in the culture medium and cell viability influenced the yield of RBD dimer. The purification of RBD involved standard immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC), ion exchange chromatography, and size exclusion chromatography. Our findings suggest that copper can improve IMAC performance. Efficient RBD production was achieved using small-scale bioreactor cell culture (2 L). The two RBD forms - monomeric and dimeric RBD - were also produced on a large scale (500 L). This study represents the first large-scale application of perfusion culture for the production of RBD antigens. We conducted a thorough analysis of the purified RBD antigens, which encompassed primary structure, protein integrity, N-glycosylation, size, purity, secondary and tertiary structures, isoform composition, hydrophobicity, and long-term stability. Additionally, we investigated RBD-ACE2 interactions, in vitro ACE2 recognition of RBD, and the immunogenicity of RBD antigens in mice. We have determined that both the monomeric and dimeric RBD antigens possess the necessary quality attributes for vaccine production. By enabling the customizable production of both RBD forms, this unified manufacturing process provides the required flexibility to adapt rapidly to the ever-changing demands of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants and different COVID-19 vaccine platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy Boggiano-Ayo
- Process Development Direction, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | | | | | | | | | - Gonzalo Oliva
- Process Direction, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Alexi Bueno-Soler
- Process Development Direction, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Osvaldo Mora
- Process Direction, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Dayana Perez-Martinez
- Immunology and Immunobiology Direction, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Beatriz Perez-Masson
- Immunology and Immunobiology Direction, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | | | | | - Yaima Ramirez
- Immunology and Immunobiology Direction, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Judey Aymed-Garcia
- Immunology and Immunobiology Direction, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Yamile Romero
- Immunology and Immunobiology Direction, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Tania Gomez
- Quality Direction, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | | | | | - Annia Cabrales
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Playa, Cuba
| | - Osmany Guirola
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Playa, Cuba
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gertrudis Rojas
- Immunology and Immunobiology Direction, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Kalet Leon-Monzon
- Immunology and Immunobiology Direction, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Eugenio Hardy
- Process Development Direction, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
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Moro-Pérez L, Boggiano-Ayo T, Lozada-Chang SL, Fernández-Saiz OL, de la Luz KR, Gómez-Pérez JA. Conformational characterization of the mammalian-expressed SARS-CoV-2 recombinant receptor binding domain, a COVID-19 vaccine. Biol Res 2023; 56:22. [PMID: 37150832 PMCID: PMC10164616 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-023-00434-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a large number of diseases worldwide. There are few vaccines to constrain this disease and the value of them is high. In this sense, the antigens of the vaccine platform Soberana, the receptor binding domain from SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein, both the monomeric (mRBD) and dimeric (dRBD) forms, have been developed. This study encompassed several analyses by different techniques like circular dichroism (CD), fluorescence spectroscopy (FS) and Gel Filtration- High Performance Liquid ChLC of mRBD and dRBD. Monomer and dimer exhibited similar far-UV CD spectral characteristics with 54% of β-sheet content. Similar conformational features according to near-UV CD and FS studies were observed in both RBD. Stress stability studies by far-UV CD, FS, biological activity and GF-HPLC at 37 °C showed that mRBD is very stable. On the other hand, dRBD fluorescent emission showed a shift towards higher wavelengths as the incubation time increases, suggesting exposition of tryptophan residues, unlike what happens with mRBD. Biological activity outcome confirms these results. GF-HPLC profiles showed that in mRBD, the product of molecular stress are dimers and does not increase over time. However, dRBD showed dimer fragmentation as the main degradation species. This study reveals the usefulness of CD techniques for the analysis of degradation of RBD molecules as well as showed the difference in stability of both RBD molecules. Besides, our work provides useful insights into the production of a key protein used in diagnosis and therapeutics to fight COVID-19 pandemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leina Moro-Pérez
- Bioprocess R&D Department, Center of Molecular Immunology, 216 Street and 15 Avenue, Atabey, Playa, P.O. Box 16040, 11600, Havana, Cuba.
| | - Tammy Boggiano-Ayo
- Bioprocess R&D Department, Center of Molecular Immunology, 216 Street and 15 Avenue, Atabey, Playa, P.O. Box 16040, 11600, Havana, Cuba.
| | - Sum Lai Lozada-Chang
- Bioprocess R&D Department, Center of Molecular Immunology, 216 Street and 15 Avenue, Atabey, Playa, P.O. Box 16040, 11600, Havana, Cuba
| | - Olga Lidia Fernández-Saiz
- Bioprocess R&D Department, Center of Molecular Immunology, 216 Street and 15 Avenue, Atabey, Playa, P.O. Box 16040, 11600, Havana, Cuba
| | - Kathya Rashida de la Luz
- Bioprocess R&D Department, Center of Molecular Immunology, 216 Street and 15 Avenue, Atabey, Playa, P.O. Box 16040, 11600, Havana, Cuba
| | - Jose Alberto Gómez-Pérez
- Bioprocess R&D Department, Center of Molecular Immunology, 216 Street and 15 Avenue, Atabey, Playa, P.O. Box 16040, 11600, Havana, Cuba
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Production of Human Cu,Zn SOD with Higher Activity and Lower Toxicity in E. coli via Mutation of Free Cysteine Residues. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:4817376. [PMID: 28299326 PMCID: PMC5337334 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4817376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although, as an antioxidant enzyme, human Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase 1 (hSOD1) can mitigate damage to cell components caused by free radicals generated by aerobic metabolism, large-scale manufacturing and clinical use of hSOD1 are still limited by the challenge of rapid and inexpensive production of high-quality eukaryotic hSOD1 in recombinant forms. We have demonstrated previously that it is a promising strategy to increase the expression levels of soluble hSOD1 so as to increase hSOD1 yields in E. coli. In this study, a wild-type hSOD1 (wtSOD1) and three mutant SOD1s (mhSOD1s), in which free cysteines were substituted with serine, were constructed and their expression in soluble form was measured. Results show that the substitution of Cys111 (mhSOD1/C111S) increased the expression of soluble hSOD1 in E. coli whereas substitution of the internal Cys6 (mhSOD1/C6S) decreased it. Besides, raised levels of soluble expression led to an increase in hSOD1 yields. In addition, mhSOD1/C111S expressed at a higher soluble level showed lower toxicity and stronger whitening and antiradiation activities than those of wtSOD1. Taken together, our data demonstrate that C111S mutation in hSOD1 is an effective strategy to develop new SOD1-associated reagents and that mhSOD1/C111S is a satisfactory candidate for large-scale production.
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Clarke DJ, Murray E, Faktor J, Mohtar A, Vojtesek B, MacKay CL, Smith PL, Hupp TR. Mass spectrometry analysis of the oxidation states of the pro-oncogenic protein anterior gradient-2 reveals covalent dimerization via an intermolecular disulphide bond. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2016; 1864:551-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Alaofi A, Farokhi E, Prasasty VD, Anbanandam A, Kuczera K, Siahaan TJ. Probing the interaction between cHAVc3 peptide and the EC1 domain of E-cadherin using NMR and molecular dynamics simulations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 35:92-104. [PMID: 26728967 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2015.1133321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this work is to probe the interaction between cyclic cHAVc3 peptide and the EC1 domain of human E-cadherin protein. Cyclic cHAVc3 peptide (cyclo(1,6)Ac-CSHAVC-NH2) binds to the EC1 domain as shown by chemical shift perturbations in the 2D 1H,-15N-HSQC NMR spectrum. The molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the EC1 domain showed folding of the C-terminal tail region into the main head region of the EC1 domain. For cHAVc3 peptide, replica exchange molecular dynamics (REMD) simulations generated five structural clusters of cHAVc3 peptide. Representative structures of cHAVc3 and the EC1 structure from MD simulations were used in molecular docking experiments with NMR constraints to determine the binding site of the peptide on EC1. The results suggest that cHAVc3 binds to EC1 around residues Y36, S37, I38, I53, F77, S78, H79, and I94. The dissociation constants (Kd values) of cHAVc3 peptide to EC1 were estimated using the NMR chemical shifts data and the estimated Kds are in the range of .5 × 10-5-7.0 × 10-5 M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Alaofi
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , The University of Kansas , 2095 Constant Avenue, Lawrence , KS 66047 , USA
| | - Elinaz Farokhi
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , The University of Kansas , 2095 Constant Avenue, Lawrence , KS 66047 , USA
| | - Vivitri D Prasasty
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , The University of Kansas , 2095 Constant Avenue, Lawrence , KS 66047 , USA.,d Faculty of Biotechnology , Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia , Jakarta 12930 , Indonesia
| | - Asokan Anbanandam
- b Biomolecular NMR Laboratory , The University of Kansas , Shankel Structural Biology Center, 2034 Becker Drive, Lawrence , KS 66045 , USA
| | - Krzysztof Kuczera
- c Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences , The University of Kansas , Lawrence , KS 66047 , USA
| | - Teruna J Siahaan
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , The University of Kansas , 2095 Constant Avenue, Lawrence , KS 66047 , USA
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Saguer E, Alvarez P, Fort N, Espigulé E, Parés D, Toldrà M, Carretero C. Heat-Induced Gelation Mechanism of Blood Plasma Modulated by Cysteine. J Food Sci 2015; 80:C515-21. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Saguer
- Institut de Tecnologia Agroalimentària (INTEA); Univ. of Girona (UdG); 17071 Girona Spain
| | - P. Alvarez
- The Nutrition and Functional Foods Inst. (INAF), Laval Univ, Quebec, Canada G1V 0A6 and the Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, 2425 rue de l'Agriculture; Laval Univ; Quebec Canada G1V 0A6
| | - N. Fort
- Institut de Tecnologia Agroalimentària (INTEA); Univ. of Girona (UdG); 17071 Girona Spain
| | - E. Espigulé
- Institut de Tecnologia Agroalimentària (INTEA); Univ. of Girona (UdG); 17071 Girona Spain
| | - D. Parés
- Institut de Tecnologia Agroalimentària (INTEA); Univ. of Girona (UdG); 17071 Girona Spain
| | - M. Toldrà
- Institut de Tecnologia Agroalimentària (INTEA); Univ. of Girona (UdG); 17071 Girona Spain
| | - C. Carretero
- Institut de Tecnologia Agroalimentària (INTEA); Univ. of Girona (UdG); 17071 Girona Spain
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Kudo S, Caaveiro JMM, Goda S, Nagatoishi S, Ishii K, Matsuura T, Sudou Y, Kodama T, Hamakubo T, Tsumoto K. Identification and characterization of the X-dimer of human P-cadherin: implications for homophilic cell adhesion. Biochemistry 2014; 53:1742-52. [PMID: 24559158 DOI: 10.1021/bi401341g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cell adhesion mediated by cadherins depends critically on the homophilic trans-dimerization of cadherin monomers from apposing cells, generating the so-called strand-swap dimer (ss-dimer). Recent evidence indicates that the ss-dimer is preceded by an intermediate species known as the X-dimer. Until now, the stabilized form of the X-dimer had only been observed in E-cadherin among the classical type I cadherins. Herein, we report the isolation and characterization of the analogous X-dimer of human P-cadherin. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and site-directed mutagenesis data indicates that the overall architecture of the X-dimer of human P-cadherin is similar to that of E-cadherin. The X-dimerization is triggered by Ca(2+) and governed by specific protein-protein interactions. The attachment of three molecules of Ca(2+) with high affinity (Kd = 9 μM) stabilizes the monomeric conformation of P-cadherin (ΔTm = 17 °C). The Ca(2+)-stabilized monomer subsequently dimerizes in the X-configuration by establishing protein-protein interactions that require the first two extracellular domains of the cadherin. The homophilic X-dimerization is very specific, as the presence of the highly homologous E-cadherin does not interfere with the self-recognition of P-cadherin. These data suggest that the X-dimer could play a key role in the specific cell-cell adhesion mediated by human P-cadherin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Kudo
- Department of Chemistry & Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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Improving the stability of the EC1 domain of E-cadherin by thiol alkylation of the cysteine residue. Int J Pharm 2012; 431:16-25. [PMID: 22531851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to improve chemical and physical stability of the EC1 protein derived from the extracellular domain of E-cadherin. In solution, the EC1 protein has been shown to form a covalent dimer via a disulfide bond formation followed by physical aggregation and precipitation. To improve solution stability of the EC1 protein, the thiol group of the Cys13 residue in EC1 was alkylated with iodoacetate, iodoacetamide, and maleimide-PEG-5000 to produce thioether derivatives called EC1-IA, EC1-IN, and EC1-PEG. The physical and chemical stabilities of the EC1 derivatives and the parent EC1 were evaluated at various pHs (3.0, 7.0, and 9.0) and temperatures (0, 3, 70 °C). The structural characteristics of each molecule were analyzed by circular dichroism (CD) and fluorescence spectroscopy and the derivatives have similar secondary structure as the parent EC1 protein at pH 7.0. Both EC1-IN and EC1-PEG derivatives showed better chemical and physical stability profiles than did the parent EC1 at pH 7.0. EC1-PEG had the best stability profile compared to EC1-IN and EC1 in solution under various conditions.
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